为了解决江阴大桥船撞期间实测数据的时间不同步问题,提出了采用状态空间模型方法识别不同位置处加速度间的时间延迟。首先,任意选择其中一个加速度作为参考信号,而其余加速度作为时间平移信号,相对参考信号进行时间平移。然后,以一个...为了解决江阴大桥船撞期间实测数据的时间不同步问题,提出了采用状态空间模型方法识别不同位置处加速度间的时间延迟。首先,任意选择其中一个加速度作为参考信号,而其余加速度作为时间平移信号,相对参考信号进行时间平移。然后,以一个参考信号和一个时间平移信号作为输出变量,针对每个平移时刻,分别建立相应的状态空间模型。模型参数由随机子空间识别方法计算得到,模型阶次由AIC(Akaike’s Information Criterion)和FPE(Final Prediction Error)估计得到。由于模型拟合数据的时间不同步将导致所建模型的损失函数增大,因此,可将损失函数达到最小值时所对应的平移时间作为加速度数据的实际时间延迟。此外,利用江阴大桥船撞前两小时的异步加速度数据及船撞后的同步加速度数据,分别对状态空间模型方法的可重复识别能力及抗伪识别能力进行了检验。结果表明,无论是异步数据还是同步数据,状态空间模型均能较准确地识别时间延迟。展开更多
Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide.Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and van...Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide.Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months.To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms,the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom.The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria,Planktothrix and Microcystis,dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016,which is less mentioned in previous studies.When the temperature of the water began increasing in July,Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M.aeruginosa in NO3^−-rich conditions.Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August.Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen(TDN)form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system.Besides,species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms,especially the prokaryotes,also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis.The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature,TDN forms as well as the species interactions.These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them.展开更多
Invasive exotic （alien） species have not been taken into enough consideration concerning the European Water Framework Directive （WFD） and other European directives until recently. The Dutch ministry responsible fo...Invasive exotic （alien） species have not been taken into enough consideration concerning the European Water Framework Directive （WFD） and other European directives until recently. The Dutch ministry responsible for water management is looking for ways to establish the impacts that invasive alien species may have on specified water types. This paper concentrates on the vulnerability of such water types to the introduction of exotic species. This new approach focusses on the system where the alien species are introduced into rather than only on the alien species themselves. We propose an equation that combines threats to and in water types with effects of particular species （observed or prognosticated）. Numerical values used in the formula have been found by scoring a number of properties in different water types and species, which are specified in questionnaires. The results of the calculations are given as relative vulnerability scores （scale 1-10）. By testing as many as 8 water types and 13 species, we demonstrate that this method is flexible and easy to use for water managers. Our results can be translated into classes of vulner- ability, which are represented on geographical maps with colour codes to indicate different degrees of vulnerability in the different water bodies. This readily corresponds to the way countries are required to report to the European Union in the context of the WFD. The method can also be generalized using functional groups of （exotic） species instead of particular species展开更多
文摘为了解决江阴大桥船撞期间实测数据的时间不同步问题,提出了采用状态空间模型方法识别不同位置处加速度间的时间延迟。首先,任意选择其中一个加速度作为参考信号,而其余加速度作为时间平移信号,相对参考信号进行时间平移。然后,以一个参考信号和一个时间平移信号作为输出变量,针对每个平移时刻,分别建立相应的状态空间模型。模型参数由随机子空间识别方法计算得到,模型阶次由AIC(Akaike’s Information Criterion)和FPE(Final Prediction Error)估计得到。由于模型拟合数据的时间不同步将导致所建模型的损失函数增大,因此,可将损失函数达到最小值时所对应的平移时间作为加速度数据的实际时间延迟。此外,利用江阴大桥船撞前两小时的异步加速度数据及船撞后的同步加速度数据,分别对状态空间模型方法的可重复识别能力及抗伪识别能力进行了检验。结果表明,无论是异步数据还是同步数据,状态空间模型均能较准确地识别时间延迟。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21577128,21777144)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT17R97)。
文摘Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide.Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months.To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms,the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom.The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria,Planktothrix and Microcystis,dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016,which is less mentioned in previous studies.When the temperature of the water began increasing in July,Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M.aeruginosa in NO3^−-rich conditions.Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August.Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen(TDN)form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system.Besides,species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms,especially the prokaryotes,also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis.The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature,TDN forms as well as the species interactions.These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them.
文摘Invasive exotic （alien） species have not been taken into enough consideration concerning the European Water Framework Directive （WFD） and other European directives until recently. The Dutch ministry responsible for water management is looking for ways to establish the impacts that invasive alien species may have on specified water types. This paper concentrates on the vulnerability of such water types to the introduction of exotic species. This new approach focusses on the system where the alien species are introduced into rather than only on the alien species themselves. We propose an equation that combines threats to and in water types with effects of particular species （observed or prognosticated）. Numerical values used in the formula have been found by scoring a number of properties in different water types and species, which are specified in questionnaires. The results of the calculations are given as relative vulnerability scores （scale 1-10）. By testing as many as 8 water types and 13 species, we demonstrate that this method is flexible and easy to use for water managers. Our results can be translated into classes of vulner- ability, which are represented on geographical maps with colour codes to indicate different degrees of vulnerability in the different water bodies. This readily corresponds to the way countries are required to report to the European Union in the context of the WFD. The method can also be generalized using functional groups of （exotic） species instead of particular species
