<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Equines are affected by a large number of endoparasites, these can cause gastrointestinal signs, respiratory, poor pe...<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Equines are affected by a large number of endoparasites, these can cause gastrointestinal signs, respiratory, poor performance, slow growth and even cause sudden death. The presence of parasites can be associated with various factors related to the animal and environmental or geographical factors. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection and risk factors in horses were evaluated. Stool samples belonging to 218 horses from different regions </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of central Mexico were analyzed by coproparasitological concentra</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion-flotation technique. The fecal examinations were carried out from February to August in 2017. Among the 218 samples that were examined, 103 (47.24%) were found to be positive with several gastrointestinal parasites, with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Strongylus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. being the most prevalent (23.85%) followed by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichostrongylus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. (21.56%) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Parascaris</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. (11.93%). Breed and place of origin were significantly associated with helminth infection. Sex was associated as a significant risk factor (p < 0.01) with the infection by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Strongylus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. on females and by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anoplocephala</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, on males. In central Mexico, gastrointestinal helminth infection appears to be relatively low.展开更多
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a broad term that describes a heterogeneous group of progressive and invalidating neurologic disorders in which iron deposits in certain brain areas,mainly the basal g...Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a broad term that describes a heterogeneous group of progressive and invalidating neurologic disorders in which iron deposits in certain brain areas,mainly the basal ganglia.The predominant clinical symptoms include spasticity,progressive dystonia,Parkinson's disease-like symptoms,neuropsychiatric alterations,and retinal degeneration.Among the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders,the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration(PKAN) caused by defects in the gene encoding the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2(PANK2)which catalyzed the first reaction of the coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway.Currently there is no effective treatment to prevent the inexorable course of these disorders.The aim of this review is to open up a discussion on the utility of using cellular models derived from patients as a valuable tool for the development of precision medicine in PKAN.Recently,we have described that dermal fibroblasts obtained from PKAN patients can manifest the main pathological changes of the disease such as intracellular iron accumulation accompanied by large amounts of lipofuscin granules,mitochondrial dysfunction and a pronounced increase of markers of oxidative stress.In addition,PKAN fibroblasts showed a morphological senescence-like phenotype.Interestingly,pantothenate supplementation,the substrate of the PANK2 enzyme,corrected all pathophysiological alterations in responder PKAN fibroblasts with low/residual PANK2 enzyme expression.However,pantothenate treatment had no favourable effect on PKAN fibroblasts harbouring mutations associated with the expression of a truncated/incomplete protein.The correction of pathological alterations by pantothenate in individual mutations was also verified in induced neurons obtained by direct reprograming of PKAN fibroblasts.Our observations indicate that pantothenate supplementation can increase/stabilize the expression levels of PANK2 in specific mutations.Fibroblasts and induced neurons derived from patients can provide a useful tool for recognizing PKAN patients who can respond to pantothenate treatment.The presence of low but significant PANK2 expression which can be increased in particular mutations gives valuable information which can support the treatment with high dose of pantothenate.The evaluation of personalized treatments in vitro of fibroblasts and neuronal cells derived from PKAN patients with a wide range of pharmacological options currently available,and monitoring its effect on the pathophysiological changes,can help for a better therapeutic strategy.In addition,these cell models will be also useful for testing the efficacy of new therapeutic options developed in the future.展开更多
文摘<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Equines are affected by a large number of endoparasites, these can cause gastrointestinal signs, respiratory, poor performance, slow growth and even cause sudden death. The presence of parasites can be associated with various factors related to the animal and environmental or geographical factors. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection and risk factors in horses were evaluated. Stool samples belonging to 218 horses from different regions </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">of central Mexico were analyzed by coproparasitological concentra</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion-flotation technique. The fecal examinations were carried out from February to August in 2017. Among the 218 samples that were examined, 103 (47.24%) were found to be positive with several gastrointestinal parasites, with </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Strongylus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. being the most prevalent (23.85%) followed by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Trichostrongylus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. (21.56%) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Parascaris</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. (11.93%). Breed and place of origin were significantly associated with helminth infection. Sex was associated as a significant risk factor (p < 0.01) with the infection by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Strongylus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spp. on females and by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Anoplocephala</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, on males. In central Mexico, gastrointestinal helminth infection appears to be relatively low.
基金supported by FIS PI16/00786 grant,Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ,Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER-Unión Europea),Proyectos de Investigación de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucía CTS-5725AEPMI(Asociación de Enfermos de Patología Mitocondrial) and ENACH(Asociación de Enfermos de Neurodegeneración con Acumulación Cerebral de Hierro)(to JASA)
文摘Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a broad term that describes a heterogeneous group of progressive and invalidating neurologic disorders in which iron deposits in certain brain areas,mainly the basal ganglia.The predominant clinical symptoms include spasticity,progressive dystonia,Parkinson's disease-like symptoms,neuropsychiatric alterations,and retinal degeneration.Among the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders,the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration(PKAN) caused by defects in the gene encoding the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2(PANK2)which catalyzed the first reaction of the coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway.Currently there is no effective treatment to prevent the inexorable course of these disorders.The aim of this review is to open up a discussion on the utility of using cellular models derived from patients as a valuable tool for the development of precision medicine in PKAN.Recently,we have described that dermal fibroblasts obtained from PKAN patients can manifest the main pathological changes of the disease such as intracellular iron accumulation accompanied by large amounts of lipofuscin granules,mitochondrial dysfunction and a pronounced increase of markers of oxidative stress.In addition,PKAN fibroblasts showed a morphological senescence-like phenotype.Interestingly,pantothenate supplementation,the substrate of the PANK2 enzyme,corrected all pathophysiological alterations in responder PKAN fibroblasts with low/residual PANK2 enzyme expression.However,pantothenate treatment had no favourable effect on PKAN fibroblasts harbouring mutations associated with the expression of a truncated/incomplete protein.The correction of pathological alterations by pantothenate in individual mutations was also verified in induced neurons obtained by direct reprograming of PKAN fibroblasts.Our observations indicate that pantothenate supplementation can increase/stabilize the expression levels of PANK2 in specific mutations.Fibroblasts and induced neurons derived from patients can provide a useful tool for recognizing PKAN patients who can respond to pantothenate treatment.The presence of low but significant PANK2 expression which can be increased in particular mutations gives valuable information which can support the treatment with high dose of pantothenate.The evaluation of personalized treatments in vitro of fibroblasts and neuronal cells derived from PKAN patients with a wide range of pharmacological options currently available,and monitoring its effect on the pathophysiological changes,can help for a better therapeutic strategy.In addition,these cell models will be also useful for testing the efficacy of new therapeutic options developed in the future.
