To help readers at home and abroad understand the international situation and know the process and role of China's diplomacy, China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)released in the first half of the year it...To help readers at home and abroad understand the international situation and know the process and role of China's diplomacy, China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)released in the first half of the year its three brand-name books:Blue Book on International Situation and China's Foreign Affairs(2007/2008), Proceedings of 2007 Symposium on International Situation展开更多
Digital technology and the digital economy are at the forefront of the global technological revolution and industrial transformation.They are profoundly reshaping the international landscape of competition and restruc...Digital technology and the digital economy are at the forefront of the global technological revolution and industrial transformation.They are profoundly reshaping the international landscape of competition and restructuring the world economy.Major countries and economies around the globe are increasingly competing on digital technology and the digital economy,striving to secure a strategic advantage in the new round of international competition and establish a strong position in the evolving international order.展开更多
Today,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and a host of global challenges continue to emerge.The international community urgently requires effective global governance.As Chinese President Xi J...Today,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and a host of global challenges continue to emerge.The international community urgently requires effective global governance.As Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out,multilateralism is the inevitable choice for addressing the world’s difficulties and challenges.1 However,various negative trends in international politics are undermining or impeding the effectiveness of multilateralism and aggravating the global governance deficit.Against this backdrop,it is essential to reassess the importance of multilateralism in global governance,identify the challenges it faces,and explore feasible pathways for collective action to advance global governance.展开更多
As the accelerated changes on a scale unprecedented in a century are unfolding across the world,multipolarity of the international system is increasingly accepted as a fundamental trend.As a unique international actor...As the accelerated changes on a scale unprecedented in a century are unfolding across the world,multipolarity of the international system is increasingly accepted as a fundamental trend.As a unique international actor,the European Union,despite its initial strategic anxiety about multipolarity,has gradually come to terms with the growing reality of multipolarity and adjusted its foreign strategy to become one of the poles in the multipolar world.展开更多
Since 2023,the situation in the South China Sea has become more tense and volatile,characterized by frequent maritime frictions between China and the Philippines,which have intensified public opinion battles around th...Since 2023,the situation in the South China Sea has become more tense and volatile,characterized by frequent maritime frictions between China and the Philippines,which have intensified public opinion battles around this issue.The increased military presence of extra-territorial forces,in particular the United States and Japan,along with their support for and encouragement of the Philippines,is undoubtedly the primary external factor contributing to the escalation of tensions in the South China Sea.In recent years,the South China Sea has emerged as a critical part of the collaborative efforts of the US and Japan to advance the Indo-Pacific strategy and enlist regional countries to contain China.Through mutual support via coordinated actions,the two countries have increased their presence in the South China Sea across various levels and domains,exerting a detrimental impact on the regional situation,China-ASEAN relations,and the overall regional order.Following his assumption of office,Prime Minister of Japan Shigeru Ishiba has continued to hype up the narrative of“China’s unilateral change to the status quo in the South China Sea,”and pledged to strengthen maritime security cooperation with Vietnam,Indonesia,and other ASEAN member states under the pretext of“maintaining stability in the South China Sea.”During his second term,US President Donald Trump will likely maintain a policy of strong interference in the South China Sea.The future dynamics of US-Japan collusion in this region necessitate closer monitoring and heightened vigilance.展开更多
The 29th session of the Conference of the Parties(COP29)to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)in November 2024 concluded with progress on key issues such as the“new collective quantified...The 29th session of the Conference of the Parties(COP29)to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)in November 2024 concluded with progress on key issues such as the“new collective quantified goal”for climate finance as well as carbon trading.However,the consensus fell far short of expectations.Judging by the cumulative progress of global climate policies and actions,the prospect of achieving the 1.5°C temperature control target set by the Paris Agreement is fading.Climate risks are increasing,and global climate governance is facing significant challenges,exposing the inherent flaws of the current paradigm of international climate cooperation.展开更多
The next five years will be a crucial time for China's economic development. China should reconsider its direction and thinking concerning its opening-up strategy in a changing external economic environment, in an...The next five years will be a crucial time for China's economic development. China should reconsider its direction and thinking concerning its opening-up strategy in a changing external economic environment, in an effort to build a moderately prosperous society and realize the country's industrialization.展开更多
Zika virus(ZIKV) infection could disrupt neurogenesis and cause microcephaly in neonates by targeting neural progenitor cells(NPCs). The tumor suppressor p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death have be...Zika virus(ZIKV) infection could disrupt neurogenesis and cause microcephaly in neonates by targeting neural progenitor cells(NPCs). The tumor suppressor p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death have been suggested to be activated upon ZIKV infection, yet the detailed mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ZIKV-encoded proteins in the activation of p53 signaling pathway and found that, among the ten viral proteins,the nonstructural protein 5(NS5) of ZIKV most significantly activated the transcription of p53 target genes. Using the immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry approach, we identified that ZIKV-NS5 interacted with p53 protein. The NS5-p53 interaction was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. In addition, the MTase domain of NS5 and the C-terminal domain of p53 were mapped to be responsible for the interaction between these two proteins. We further showed that ZIKV-NS5 was colocalized with p53 and increased its protein level in the nuclei and able to prolong the half-life of p53. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated expression of ZIKV-NS5 in hNPCs led to an apparent cell death phenotype. ZIKV-NS5 promoted the cleavage of PARP1 and significantly increased the cell apoptosis of h NPCs.Taken together, these findings revealed that ZIKV-NS5 is a previously undiscovered regulator of p53-mediated apoptosis in hNPCs, which may contribute to the ZIKV-caused abnormal neurodevelopment.展开更多
In this paper, we have conducted a literature review on the recent developments and publications involving the vehicle routing problem and its variants, namely vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and the...In this paper, we have conducted a literature review on the recent developments and publications involving the vehicle routing problem and its variants, namely vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and also their variants. The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence, the use of exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. The vehicle routing problem comes under combinatorial problem. Hence, to get solutions in determining routes which are realistic and very close to the optimal solution, we use heuristics and meta-heuristics. In this paper we discuss the various exact methods and the heuristics and meta-heuristics used to solve the VRP and its variants.展开更多
Multi-agent systems are usually equipped with open communication infrastructures to improve interactions efficiency,reliability and sustainability.Although technologically costeffective,this makes them vulnerable to c...Multi-agent systems are usually equipped with open communication infrastructures to improve interactions efficiency,reliability and sustainability.Although technologically costeffective,this makes them vulnerable to cyber-attacks with potentially catastrophic consequences.To this end,we present a novel control architecture capable to deal with the distributed constrained regulation problem in the presence of time-delay attacks on the agents’communication infrastructure.The basic idea consists of orchestrating the interconnected cyber-physical system as a leader-follower configuration so that adequate control actions are computed to isolate the attacked unit before it compromises the system operations.Simulations on a multi-area power system confirm that the proposed control scheme can reconfigure the leader-follower structure in response to denial ofservice(DoS)attacks.展开更多
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） is an effective platform and multilateral mechanism for China and African countries to conduct collective consultations and carry out pragmatic cooperation. Since its es...The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） is an effective platform and multilateral mechanism for China and African countries to conduct collective consultations and carry out pragmatic cooperation. Since its establishment in 2000, six ministerial conferences, convened every three years, have been successfully held so far. Chinese and African cities have been taking turns to host the conferences. Beijing was the host city of the first （2000）, third （2006） and fifth （2012） ministerial conferences.展开更多
A series of policies introduced by the Trump administration have triggered conflicts between the United States and Europe in many fields. The transatlantic relationship is facing the most serious crisis since the Iraq...A series of policies introduced by the Trump administration have triggered conflicts between the United States and Europe in many fields. The transatlantic relationship is facing the most serious crisis since the Iraq war. Currently, the core debate on the trend of transatlantic relations centers around whether the conflicts between the two sides on issues such as globalization and security cooperation are caused by the “Trump phenomenon” or rooted in some structural contradiction.展开更多
The Paris Agreement reflects a basic international consensus on climate change. Its implementation will reform international climate cooperation in a profound way,and also provide an important window for China to show...The Paris Agreement reflects a basic international consensus on climate change. Its implementation will reform international climate cooperation in a profound way,and also provide an important window for China to showcase its global governance concepts.展开更多
The Russia-Turkey-Iran coalition has been the most prominent development in the Middle East since the upheavals across West Asia and North Africa in 2011. Though not explicitly targeting the US, it has hindered Washin...The Russia-Turkey-Iran coalition has been the most prominent development in the Middle East since the upheavals across West Asia and North Africa in 2011. Though not explicitly targeting the US, it has hindered Washington’s strategy of controlling the Middle East and undermining Russia’s influence in Eurasia, and also caused troubles to US allies in the region.展开更多
The current severe backlash against globalization is the result of its unfairness and the uneven development in the globalization process. This has led to increasing resistance to globalization, but it can be turned i...The current severe backlash against globalization is the result of its unfairness and the uneven development in the globalization process. This has led to increasing resistance to globalization, but it can be turned into impetus for globalization's transformation and sustainable development.展开更多
"America First," featuring its appeals in prioritization and choice of new policies, has become a constant motif of Trump's diplomacy, but shortcomings of leadership capabilities and constraints from dom..."America First," featuring its appeals in prioritization and choice of new policies, has become a constant motif of Trump's diplomacy, but shortcomings of leadership capabilities and constraints from domestic politics have dulled its initial cutting edge. Ironically, Trump's confusion in strategic thinking of "America First" might make the US the biggest loser of the concept he has long advocated.展开更多
The Lancang-Mekong Cooperation has become an important model for China and neighboring countries seeking to build a community of shared future with its remarkable achievements. Based on the solid foundation, the LMC n...The Lancang-Mekong Cooperation has become an important model for China and neighboring countries seeking to build a community of shared future with its remarkable achievements. Based on the solid foundation, the LMC needs to overcome several challenges to ensure strong and sustainable momentum.展开更多
In a referendum held on June 23, 51.9 percent of the UK citizens voted to leave the European Union. Although surprising, the result is understandable. Brexit is the result of a number of complicated historical and oth...In a referendum held on June 23, 51.9 percent of the UK citizens voted to leave the European Union. Although surprising, the result is understandable. Brexit is the result of a number of complicated historical and other factors, the United Kingdom＇s sense of exceptionalism. After the referendum, the future of the United Kingdom＇s domestic politics, UK-EU relations and the European Union itself are uncertain. But no matter how things go, the referendum result is a turning point in the history of European integration and even international politics. The influence of Brexit will extend far beyond the United Kingdom and the European Union as it will have an impact on the transformation of the international structure.展开更多
Sea power is the basic and decisive factor in traditional maritime security. It serves as a major pillar for the global hegemony of the United States, where the sea power theory was originated. In the 21st century, in...Sea power is the basic and decisive factor in traditional maritime security. It serves as a major pillar for the global hegemony of the United States, where the sea power theory was originated. In the 21st century, influenced by globalization, scientific and technological innovation and the rapid rise of China＇s maritime forces, a new debate over sea power and subsequently a new understanding of it has emerged in the United States.展开更多
文摘To help readers at home and abroad understand the international situation and know the process and role of China's diplomacy, China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)released in the first half of the year its three brand-name books:Blue Book on International Situation and China's Foreign Affairs(2007/2008), Proceedings of 2007 Symposium on International Situation
文摘Digital technology and the digital economy are at the forefront of the global technological revolution and industrial transformation.They are profoundly reshaping the international landscape of competition and restructuring the world economy.Major countries and economies around the globe are increasingly competing on digital technology and the digital economy,striving to secure a strategic advantage in the new round of international competition and establish a strong position in the evolving international order.
文摘Today,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and a host of global challenges continue to emerge.The international community urgently requires effective global governance.As Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out,multilateralism is the inevitable choice for addressing the world’s difficulties and challenges.1 However,various negative trends in international politics are undermining or impeding the effectiveness of multilateralism and aggravating the global governance deficit.Against this backdrop,it is essential to reassess the importance of multilateralism in global governance,identify the challenges it faces,and explore feasible pathways for collective action to advance global governance.
文摘As the accelerated changes on a scale unprecedented in a century are unfolding across the world,multipolarity of the international system is increasingly accepted as a fundamental trend.As a unique international actor,the European Union,despite its initial strategic anxiety about multipolarity,has gradually come to terms with the growing reality of multipolarity and adjusted its foreign strategy to become one of the poles in the multipolar world.
文摘Since 2023,the situation in the South China Sea has become more tense and volatile,characterized by frequent maritime frictions between China and the Philippines,which have intensified public opinion battles around this issue.The increased military presence of extra-territorial forces,in particular the United States and Japan,along with their support for and encouragement of the Philippines,is undoubtedly the primary external factor contributing to the escalation of tensions in the South China Sea.In recent years,the South China Sea has emerged as a critical part of the collaborative efforts of the US and Japan to advance the Indo-Pacific strategy and enlist regional countries to contain China.Through mutual support via coordinated actions,the two countries have increased their presence in the South China Sea across various levels and domains,exerting a detrimental impact on the regional situation,China-ASEAN relations,and the overall regional order.Following his assumption of office,Prime Minister of Japan Shigeru Ishiba has continued to hype up the narrative of“China’s unilateral change to the status quo in the South China Sea,”and pledged to strengthen maritime security cooperation with Vietnam,Indonesia,and other ASEAN member states under the pretext of“maintaining stability in the South China Sea.”During his second term,US President Donald Trump will likely maintain a policy of strong interference in the South China Sea.The future dynamics of US-Japan collusion in this region necessitate closer monitoring and heightened vigilance.
文摘The 29th session of the Conference of the Parties(COP29)to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)in November 2024 concluded with progress on key issues such as the“new collective quantified goal”for climate finance as well as carbon trading.However,the consensus fell far short of expectations.Judging by the cumulative progress of global climate policies and actions,the prospect of achieving the 1.5°C temperature control target set by the Paris Agreement is fading.Climate risks are increasing,and global climate governance is facing significant challenges,exposing the inherent flaws of the current paradigm of international climate cooperation.
文摘The next five years will be a crucial time for China's economic development. China should reconsider its direction and thinking concerning its opening-up strategy in a changing external economic environment, in an effort to build a moderately prosperous society and realize the country's industrialization.
基金The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[NSFC Grant#81620108020 and#32041002,to D.G.,Grant#31800151,to J.W.]Guangdong Zhujiang Talents Program(to D.G.)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program[Grant#KQTD20180411143323605 and#JSGG20200225150431472 to D.G.]National Ten-thousand Talents Program(to D.G.)Guangdong Province “Pearl River Talent Plan” Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project(Grant #2019ZT08Y464 to Li,C.M)。
文摘Zika virus(ZIKV) infection could disrupt neurogenesis and cause microcephaly in neonates by targeting neural progenitor cells(NPCs). The tumor suppressor p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death have been suggested to be activated upon ZIKV infection, yet the detailed mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ZIKV-encoded proteins in the activation of p53 signaling pathway and found that, among the ten viral proteins,the nonstructural protein 5(NS5) of ZIKV most significantly activated the transcription of p53 target genes. Using the immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry approach, we identified that ZIKV-NS5 interacted with p53 protein. The NS5-p53 interaction was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. In addition, the MTase domain of NS5 and the C-terminal domain of p53 were mapped to be responsible for the interaction between these two proteins. We further showed that ZIKV-NS5 was colocalized with p53 and increased its protein level in the nuclei and able to prolong the half-life of p53. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated expression of ZIKV-NS5 in hNPCs led to an apparent cell death phenotype. ZIKV-NS5 promoted the cleavage of PARP1 and significantly increased the cell apoptosis of h NPCs.Taken together, these findings revealed that ZIKV-NS5 is a previously undiscovered regulator of p53-mediated apoptosis in hNPCs, which may contribute to the ZIKV-caused abnormal neurodevelopment.
文摘In this paper, we have conducted a literature review on the recent developments and publications involving the vehicle routing problem and its variants, namely vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and also their variants. The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence, the use of exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. The vehicle routing problem comes under combinatorial problem. Hence, to get solutions in determining routes which are realistic and very close to the optimal solution, we use heuristics and meta-heuristics. In this paper we discuss the various exact methods and the heuristics and meta-heuristics used to solve the VRP and its variants.
文摘Multi-agent systems are usually equipped with open communication infrastructures to improve interactions efficiency,reliability and sustainability.Although technologically costeffective,this makes them vulnerable to cyber-attacks with potentially catastrophic consequences.To this end,we present a novel control architecture capable to deal with the distributed constrained regulation problem in the presence of time-delay attacks on the agents’communication infrastructure.The basic idea consists of orchestrating the interconnected cyber-physical system as a leader-follower configuration so that adequate control actions are computed to isolate the attacked unit before it compromises the system operations.Simulations on a multi-area power system confirm that the proposed control scheme can reconfigure the leader-follower structure in response to denial ofservice(DoS)attacks.
文摘The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） is an effective platform and multilateral mechanism for China and African countries to conduct collective consultations and carry out pragmatic cooperation. Since its establishment in 2000, six ministerial conferences, convened every three years, have been successfully held so far. Chinese and African cities have been taking turns to host the conferences. Beijing was the host city of the first （2000）, third （2006） and fifth （2012） ministerial conferences.
文摘A series of policies introduced by the Trump administration have triggered conflicts between the United States and Europe in many fields. The transatlantic relationship is facing the most serious crisis since the Iraq war. Currently, the core debate on the trend of transatlantic relations centers around whether the conflicts between the two sides on issues such as globalization and security cooperation are caused by the “Trump phenomenon” or rooted in some structural contradiction.
文摘The Paris Agreement reflects a basic international consensus on climate change. Its implementation will reform international climate cooperation in a profound way,and also provide an important window for China to showcase its global governance concepts.
文摘The Russia-Turkey-Iran coalition has been the most prominent development in the Middle East since the upheavals across West Asia and North Africa in 2011. Though not explicitly targeting the US, it has hindered Washington’s strategy of controlling the Middle East and undermining Russia’s influence in Eurasia, and also caused troubles to US allies in the region.
文摘The current severe backlash against globalization is the result of its unfairness and the uneven development in the globalization process. This has led to increasing resistance to globalization, but it can be turned into impetus for globalization's transformation and sustainable development.
文摘"America First," featuring its appeals in prioritization and choice of new policies, has become a constant motif of Trump's diplomacy, but shortcomings of leadership capabilities and constraints from domestic politics have dulled its initial cutting edge. Ironically, Trump's confusion in strategic thinking of "America First" might make the US the biggest loser of the concept he has long advocated.
文摘The Lancang-Mekong Cooperation has become an important model for China and neighboring countries seeking to build a community of shared future with its remarkable achievements. Based on the solid foundation, the LMC needs to overcome several challenges to ensure strong and sustainable momentum.
文摘In a referendum held on June 23, 51.9 percent of the UK citizens voted to leave the European Union. Although surprising, the result is understandable. Brexit is the result of a number of complicated historical and other factors, the United Kingdom＇s sense of exceptionalism. After the referendum, the future of the United Kingdom＇s domestic politics, UK-EU relations and the European Union itself are uncertain. But no matter how things go, the referendum result is a turning point in the history of European integration and even international politics. The influence of Brexit will extend far beyond the United Kingdom and the European Union as it will have an impact on the transformation of the international structure.
文摘Sea power is the basic and decisive factor in traditional maritime security. It serves as a major pillar for the global hegemony of the United States, where the sea power theory was originated. In the 21st century, influenced by globalization, scientific and technological innovation and the rapid rise of China＇s maritime forces, a new debate over sea power and subsequently a new understanding of it has emerged in the United States.
