To help readers at home and abroad understand the international situation and know the process and role of China's diplomacy, China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)released in the first half of the year it...To help readers at home and abroad understand the international situation and know the process and role of China's diplomacy, China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)released in the first half of the year its three brand-name books:Blue Book on International Situation and China's Foreign Affairs(2007/2008), Proceedings of 2007 Symposium on International Situation展开更多
Today,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and a host of global challenges continue to emerge.The international community urgently requires effective global governance.As Chinese President Xi J...Today,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and a host of global challenges continue to emerge.The international community urgently requires effective global governance.As Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out,multilateralism is the inevitable choice for addressing the world’s difficulties and challenges.1 However,various negative trends in international politics are undermining or impeding the effectiveness of multilateralism and aggravating the global governance deficit.Against this backdrop,it is essential to reassess the importance of multilateralism in global governance,identify the challenges it faces,and explore feasible pathways for collective action to advance global governance.展开更多
Digital technology and the digital economy are at the forefront of the global technological revolution and industrial transformation.They are profoundly reshaping the international landscape of competition and restruc...Digital technology and the digital economy are at the forefront of the global technological revolution and industrial transformation.They are profoundly reshaping the international landscape of competition and restructuring the world economy.Major countries and economies around the globe are increasingly competing on digital technology and the digital economy,striving to secure a strategic advantage in the new round of international competition and establish a strong position in the evolving international order.展开更多
As the accelerated changes on a scale unprecedented in a century are unfolding across the world,multipolarity of the international system is increasingly accepted as a fundamental trend.As a unique international actor...As the accelerated changes on a scale unprecedented in a century are unfolding across the world,multipolarity of the international system is increasingly accepted as a fundamental trend.As a unique international actor,the European Union,despite its initial strategic anxiety about multipolarity,has gradually come to terms with the growing reality of multipolarity and adjusted its foreign strategy to become one of the poles in the multipolar world.展开更多
Since 2023,the situation in the South China Sea has become more tense and volatile,characterized by frequent maritime frictions between China and the Philippines,which have intensified public opinion battles around th...Since 2023,the situation in the South China Sea has become more tense and volatile,characterized by frequent maritime frictions between China and the Philippines,which have intensified public opinion battles around this issue.The increased military presence of extra-territorial forces,in particular the United States and Japan,along with their support for and encouragement of the Philippines,is undoubtedly the primary external factor contributing to the escalation of tensions in the South China Sea.In recent years,the South China Sea has emerged as a critical part of the collaborative efforts of the US and Japan to advance the Indo-Pacific strategy and enlist regional countries to contain China.Through mutual support via coordinated actions,the two countries have increased their presence in the South China Sea across various levels and domains,exerting a detrimental impact on the regional situation,China-ASEAN relations,and the overall regional order.Following his assumption of office,Prime Minister of Japan Shigeru Ishiba has continued to hype up the narrative of“China’s unilateral change to the status quo in the South China Sea,”and pledged to strengthen maritime security cooperation with Vietnam,Indonesia,and other ASEAN member states under the pretext of“maintaining stability in the South China Sea.”During his second term,US President Donald Trump will likely maintain a policy of strong interference in the South China Sea.The future dynamics of US-Japan collusion in this region necessitate closer monitoring and heightened vigilance.展开更多
The 29th session of the Conference of the Parties(COP29)to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)in November 2024 concluded with progress on key issues such as the“new collective quantified...The 29th session of the Conference of the Parties(COP29)to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)in November 2024 concluded with progress on key issues such as the“new collective quantified goal”for climate finance as well as carbon trading.However,the consensus fell far short of expectations.Judging by the cumulative progress of global climate policies and actions,the prospect of achieving the 1.5°C temperature control target set by the Paris Agreement is fading.Climate risks are increasing,and global climate governance is facing significant challenges,exposing the inherent flaws of the current paradigm of international climate cooperation.展开更多
The world is undergoing seismic upheavals unseen in a century.Globalization faces complex challenges and attacks from the political forces advocating reverse globalization and deglobalization.Pessimistic arguments suc...The world is undergoing seismic upheavals unseen in a century.Globalization faces complex challenges and attacks from the political forces advocating reverse globalization and deglobalization.Pessimistic arguments such as“the end of globalization”1 and“global trade fragmentation”2 keep rising.The open world economy is at a crossroads.展开更多
In recent years,the US-Japan alliance has been greatly strengthened,and the South China Sea issue has gradually become an important tool for the two countries to jointly promote the“Indo-Pacific strategy”and attract...In recent years,the US-Japan alliance has been greatly strengthened,and the South China Sea issue has gradually become an important tool for the two countries to jointly promote the“Indo-Pacific strategy”and attract regional countries to deter China.The US and Japan,in mutual support,have engaged in the South China Sea issue at various levels,in various fi elds and by various means,not only strengthening their military presence in the South China Sea,but also increasing support to the Philippines’provocation against China,which has become important factors for the current heating up of the situation in the South China Sea.展开更多
Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilize...Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilized)graft and verify its reliability.Eight individuals were included from 2014 to 2018.The first surgery was performed to install homologous bone blocks in the maxilla.The period of the second intervention varied between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months(≈7.93 months).The biopsies were taken from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant placement.All patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental implants.There was a 100%of survival rate.The histological assessment showed that the homologous block bone graft was an osteoconductive biomaterial,with connective tissue present,and newly formed bone juxtaposed on its surface.There were bone trabeculae with osteocytes and active osteoblasts with connective tissue in the mineralization process;the remodeling process can be found through the reverse lines.A limited focus of necrosis with fibrosis was detected,with small resorption and areas of inflammatory infiltrate,but without clinical significance.The homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft(gold standard),with predictable clinical and favorable histological results.The patients had a shorter surgical period,low morbidity,and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.展开更多
With profound changes unseen in a century taking place in a multi-polarizing world,one of the most pressing questions today is to know in what direction history will evolve and whether it will bring lasting peace and ...With profound changes unseen in a century taking place in a multi-polarizing world,one of the most pressing questions today is to know in what direction history will evolve and whether it will bring lasting peace and progress to everyone.In December 2023,the Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs stated that China advocates an equal and orderly multipolar world.展开更多
At present, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) isstanding at a critical juncture of reorganizing its institutionalcapacity and reshaping its organizational framework. Theincreasing negative impact of geopolit...At present, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) isstanding at a critical juncture of reorganizing its institutionalcapacity and reshaping its organizational framework. Theincreasing negative impact of geopolitical factors has posed severe challengesto the SCO’s role in maintaining security and promoting development in theregion. At the same time, hopes and opportunities are appearing in the midstof the challenges facing the SCO, which, on the one hand, imply greaterreliance on and demand for the SCO by its member states, and, on theother hand, give a strong impetus to the SCO’s expanding role in regionalcooperation and global governance. The SCO is at an important stage oftransformation and improvement as member states adopt more positivepolicies. With the intensification of the Ukraine crisis, the SCO’s influenceon regional and international affairs has increased rather than diminishedas some may predict, and it has become a preferred choice for multilateralcooperation among regional countries. Against this backdrop, how tointroduce a more active SCO into regional and global governance affectsnot only the security, stability and development of China’s neighborhood,but also the building of an SCO community of shared future in a stable andsustainable manner. It will also have major implications for the constructionof a new type of international relations and a community with a sharedfuture for mankind.展开更多
Today,our world,our times,and our history are changing in ways unlike ever before.As a responsible major country,China adheres to the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration when part...Today,our world,our times,and our history are changing in ways unlike ever before.As a responsible major country,China adheres to the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration when participating in global governance and pursues a community with a shared future for mankind.The Global Development Initiative,the Global Security Initiative,and the Global Civilization Initiative are China’s proposals for handling challenges facing the global governance system,facilitating an equal and orderly multipolar world,and advancing a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.展开更多
Countries around the world generally recognize the strategic value of cyberspace.Information and communications technology(ICT)has become one of the key elements in the economic development,national security and compr...Countries around the world generally recognize the strategic value of cyberspace.Information and communications technology(ICT)has become one of the key elements in the economic development,national security and comprehensive strength of countries.It has also become a key battleground of major-power rivalry.China has always attached great importance to developing and governing the cyberspace since it was connected to the internet nearly 30 years ago.The country also recognizes the international importance of cyberspace governance,particularly focusing on its increasingly unbalanced development,inadequate rules and inequitable order,and is committed to addressing the deficit of global cyberspace governance.展开更多
The great-power rivalry,the once-in-a-century pandemic and the Ukraine crisis have profoundly altered the EU’s worldview,and the EU’s Africa policy has experienced a reorientation in this context,which refocuses on ...The great-power rivalry,the once-in-a-century pandemic and the Ukraine crisis have profoundly altered the EU’s worldview,and the EU’s Africa policy has experienced a reorientation in this context,which refocuses on long-term strategic goals and serves its geopolitical shift in great-power competition.The EU wishes to move beyond the“donor-recipient”relationship and forge a reciprocal,equal,and balanced partnership with Africa,but the geopolitical shift in its strategy for Africa under the Cold War mentality is at odds with the goal,with deep-seated contradictions exposed in the process of policy reorientation.展开更多
The next five years will be a crucial time for China's economic development. China should reconsider its direction and thinking concerning its opening-up strategy in a changing external economic environment, in an...The next five years will be a crucial time for China's economic development. China should reconsider its direction and thinking concerning its opening-up strategy in a changing external economic environment, in an effort to build a moderately prosperous society and realize the country's industrialization.展开更多
Zika virus(ZIKV) infection could disrupt neurogenesis and cause microcephaly in neonates by targeting neural progenitor cells(NPCs). The tumor suppressor p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death have be...Zika virus(ZIKV) infection could disrupt neurogenesis and cause microcephaly in neonates by targeting neural progenitor cells(NPCs). The tumor suppressor p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death have been suggested to be activated upon ZIKV infection, yet the detailed mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ZIKV-encoded proteins in the activation of p53 signaling pathway and found that, among the ten viral proteins,the nonstructural protein 5(NS5) of ZIKV most significantly activated the transcription of p53 target genes. Using the immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry approach, we identified that ZIKV-NS5 interacted with p53 protein. The NS5-p53 interaction was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. In addition, the MTase domain of NS5 and the C-terminal domain of p53 were mapped to be responsible for the interaction between these two proteins. We further showed that ZIKV-NS5 was colocalized with p53 and increased its protein level in the nuclei and able to prolong the half-life of p53. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated expression of ZIKV-NS5 in hNPCs led to an apparent cell death phenotype. ZIKV-NS5 promoted the cleavage of PARP1 and significantly increased the cell apoptosis of h NPCs.Taken together, these findings revealed that ZIKV-NS5 is a previously undiscovered regulator of p53-mediated apoptosis in hNPCs, which may contribute to the ZIKV-caused abnormal neurodevelopment.展开更多
In this paper, we have conducted a literature review on the recent developments and publications involving the vehicle routing problem and its variants, namely vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and the...In this paper, we have conducted a literature review on the recent developments and publications involving the vehicle routing problem and its variants, namely vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and also their variants. The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence, the use of exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. The vehicle routing problem comes under combinatorial problem. Hence, to get solutions in determining routes which are realistic and very close to the optimal solution, we use heuristics and meta-heuristics. In this paper we discuss the various exact methods and the heuristics and meta-heuristics used to solve the VRP and its variants.展开更多
Multi-agent systems are usually equipped with open communication infrastructures to improve interactions efficiency,reliability and sustainability.Although technologically costeffective,this makes them vulnerable to c...Multi-agent systems are usually equipped with open communication infrastructures to improve interactions efficiency,reliability and sustainability.Although technologically costeffective,this makes them vulnerable to cyber-attacks with potentially catastrophic consequences.To this end,we present a novel control architecture capable to deal with the distributed constrained regulation problem in the presence of time-delay attacks on the agents’communication infrastructure.The basic idea consists of orchestrating the interconnected cyber-physical system as a leader-follower configuration so that adequate control actions are computed to isolate the attacked unit before it compromises the system operations.Simulations on a multi-area power system confirm that the proposed control scheme can reconfigure the leader-follower structure in response to denial ofservice(DoS)attacks.展开更多
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） is an effective platform and multilateral mechanism for China and African countries to conduct collective consultations and carry out pragmatic cooperation. Since its es...The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） is an effective platform and multilateral mechanism for China and African countries to conduct collective consultations and carry out pragmatic cooperation. Since its establishment in 2000, six ministerial conferences, convened every three years, have been successfully held so far. Chinese and African cities have been taking turns to host the conferences. Beijing was the host city of the first （2000）, third （2006） and fifth （2012） ministerial conferences.展开更多
文摘To help readers at home and abroad understand the international situation and know the process and role of China's diplomacy, China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)released in the first half of the year its three brand-name books:Blue Book on International Situation and China's Foreign Affairs(2007/2008), Proceedings of 2007 Symposium on International Situation
文摘Today,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,and a host of global challenges continue to emerge.The international community urgently requires effective global governance.As Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out,multilateralism is the inevitable choice for addressing the world’s difficulties and challenges.1 However,various negative trends in international politics are undermining or impeding the effectiveness of multilateralism and aggravating the global governance deficit.Against this backdrop,it is essential to reassess the importance of multilateralism in global governance,identify the challenges it faces,and explore feasible pathways for collective action to advance global governance.
文摘Digital technology and the digital economy are at the forefront of the global technological revolution and industrial transformation.They are profoundly reshaping the international landscape of competition and restructuring the world economy.Major countries and economies around the globe are increasingly competing on digital technology and the digital economy,striving to secure a strategic advantage in the new round of international competition and establish a strong position in the evolving international order.
文摘As the accelerated changes on a scale unprecedented in a century are unfolding across the world,multipolarity of the international system is increasingly accepted as a fundamental trend.As a unique international actor,the European Union,despite its initial strategic anxiety about multipolarity,has gradually come to terms with the growing reality of multipolarity and adjusted its foreign strategy to become one of the poles in the multipolar world.
文摘Since 2023,the situation in the South China Sea has become more tense and volatile,characterized by frequent maritime frictions between China and the Philippines,which have intensified public opinion battles around this issue.The increased military presence of extra-territorial forces,in particular the United States and Japan,along with their support for and encouragement of the Philippines,is undoubtedly the primary external factor contributing to the escalation of tensions in the South China Sea.In recent years,the South China Sea has emerged as a critical part of the collaborative efforts of the US and Japan to advance the Indo-Pacific strategy and enlist regional countries to contain China.Through mutual support via coordinated actions,the two countries have increased their presence in the South China Sea across various levels and domains,exerting a detrimental impact on the regional situation,China-ASEAN relations,and the overall regional order.Following his assumption of office,Prime Minister of Japan Shigeru Ishiba has continued to hype up the narrative of“China’s unilateral change to the status quo in the South China Sea,”and pledged to strengthen maritime security cooperation with Vietnam,Indonesia,and other ASEAN member states under the pretext of“maintaining stability in the South China Sea.”During his second term,US President Donald Trump will likely maintain a policy of strong interference in the South China Sea.The future dynamics of US-Japan collusion in this region necessitate closer monitoring and heightened vigilance.
文摘The 29th session of the Conference of the Parties(COP29)to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)in November 2024 concluded with progress on key issues such as the“new collective quantified goal”for climate finance as well as carbon trading.However,the consensus fell far short of expectations.Judging by the cumulative progress of global climate policies and actions,the prospect of achieving the 1.5°C temperature control target set by the Paris Agreement is fading.Climate risks are increasing,and global climate governance is facing significant challenges,exposing the inherent flaws of the current paradigm of international climate cooperation.
文摘The world is undergoing seismic upheavals unseen in a century.Globalization faces complex challenges and attacks from the political forces advocating reverse globalization and deglobalization.Pessimistic arguments such as“the end of globalization”1 and“global trade fragmentation”2 keep rising.The open world economy is at a crossroads.
文摘In recent years,the US-Japan alliance has been greatly strengthened,and the South China Sea issue has gradually become an important tool for the two countries to jointly promote the“Indo-Pacific strategy”and attract regional countries to deter China.The US and Japan,in mutual support,have engaged in the South China Sea issue at various levels,in various fi elds and by various means,not only strengthening their military presence in the South China Sea,but also increasing support to the Philippines’provocation against China,which has become important factors for the current heating up of the situation in the South China Sea.
文摘Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilized)graft and verify its reliability.Eight individuals were included from 2014 to 2018.The first surgery was performed to install homologous bone blocks in the maxilla.The period of the second intervention varied between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months(≈7.93 months).The biopsies were taken from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant placement.All patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental implants.There was a 100%of survival rate.The histological assessment showed that the homologous block bone graft was an osteoconductive biomaterial,with connective tissue present,and newly formed bone juxtaposed on its surface.There were bone trabeculae with osteocytes and active osteoblasts with connective tissue in the mineralization process;the remodeling process can be found through the reverse lines.A limited focus of necrosis with fibrosis was detected,with small resorption and areas of inflammatory infiltrate,but without clinical significance.The homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft(gold standard),with predictable clinical and favorable histological results.The patients had a shorter surgical period,low morbidity,and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.
文摘With profound changes unseen in a century taking place in a multi-polarizing world,one of the most pressing questions today is to know in what direction history will evolve and whether it will bring lasting peace and progress to everyone.In December 2023,the Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs stated that China advocates an equal and orderly multipolar world.
文摘At present, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) isstanding at a critical juncture of reorganizing its institutionalcapacity and reshaping its organizational framework. Theincreasing negative impact of geopolitical factors has posed severe challengesto the SCO’s role in maintaining security and promoting development in theregion. At the same time, hopes and opportunities are appearing in the midstof the challenges facing the SCO, which, on the one hand, imply greaterreliance on and demand for the SCO by its member states, and, on theother hand, give a strong impetus to the SCO’s expanding role in regionalcooperation and global governance. The SCO is at an important stage oftransformation and improvement as member states adopt more positivepolicies. With the intensification of the Ukraine crisis, the SCO’s influenceon regional and international affairs has increased rather than diminishedas some may predict, and it has become a preferred choice for multilateralcooperation among regional countries. Against this backdrop, how tointroduce a more active SCO into regional and global governance affectsnot only the security, stability and development of China’s neighborhood,but also the building of an SCO community of shared future in a stable andsustainable manner. It will also have major implications for the constructionof a new type of international relations and a community with a sharedfuture for mankind.
文摘Today,our world,our times,and our history are changing in ways unlike ever before.As a responsible major country,China adheres to the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration when participating in global governance and pursues a community with a shared future for mankind.The Global Development Initiative,the Global Security Initiative,and the Global Civilization Initiative are China’s proposals for handling challenges facing the global governance system,facilitating an equal and orderly multipolar world,and advancing a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.
文摘Countries around the world generally recognize the strategic value of cyberspace.Information and communications technology(ICT)has become one of the key elements in the economic development,national security and comprehensive strength of countries.It has also become a key battleground of major-power rivalry.China has always attached great importance to developing and governing the cyberspace since it was connected to the internet nearly 30 years ago.The country also recognizes the international importance of cyberspace governance,particularly focusing on its increasingly unbalanced development,inadequate rules and inequitable order,and is committed to addressing the deficit of global cyberspace governance.
文摘The great-power rivalry,the once-in-a-century pandemic and the Ukraine crisis have profoundly altered the EU’s worldview,and the EU’s Africa policy has experienced a reorientation in this context,which refocuses on long-term strategic goals and serves its geopolitical shift in great-power competition.The EU wishes to move beyond the“donor-recipient”relationship and forge a reciprocal,equal,and balanced partnership with Africa,but the geopolitical shift in its strategy for Africa under the Cold War mentality is at odds with the goal,with deep-seated contradictions exposed in the process of policy reorientation.
文摘The next five years will be a crucial time for China's economic development. China should reconsider its direction and thinking concerning its opening-up strategy in a changing external economic environment, in an effort to build a moderately prosperous society and realize the country's industrialization.
基金The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[NSFC Grant#81620108020 and#32041002,to D.G.,Grant#31800151,to J.W.]Guangdong Zhujiang Talents Program(to D.G.)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program[Grant#KQTD20180411143323605 and#JSGG20200225150431472 to D.G.]National Ten-thousand Talents Program(to D.G.)Guangdong Province “Pearl River Talent Plan” Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project(Grant #2019ZT08Y464 to Li,C.M)。
文摘Zika virus(ZIKV) infection could disrupt neurogenesis and cause microcephaly in neonates by targeting neural progenitor cells(NPCs). The tumor suppressor p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death have been suggested to be activated upon ZIKV infection, yet the detailed mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ZIKV-encoded proteins in the activation of p53 signaling pathway and found that, among the ten viral proteins,the nonstructural protein 5(NS5) of ZIKV most significantly activated the transcription of p53 target genes. Using the immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry approach, we identified that ZIKV-NS5 interacted with p53 protein. The NS5-p53 interaction was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. In addition, the MTase domain of NS5 and the C-terminal domain of p53 were mapped to be responsible for the interaction between these two proteins. We further showed that ZIKV-NS5 was colocalized with p53 and increased its protein level in the nuclei and able to prolong the half-life of p53. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated expression of ZIKV-NS5 in hNPCs led to an apparent cell death phenotype. ZIKV-NS5 promoted the cleavage of PARP1 and significantly increased the cell apoptosis of h NPCs.Taken together, these findings revealed that ZIKV-NS5 is a previously undiscovered regulator of p53-mediated apoptosis in hNPCs, which may contribute to the ZIKV-caused abnormal neurodevelopment.
文摘In this paper, we have conducted a literature review on the recent developments and publications involving the vehicle routing problem and its variants, namely vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and also their variants. The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence, the use of exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. The vehicle routing problem comes under combinatorial problem. Hence, to get solutions in determining routes which are realistic and very close to the optimal solution, we use heuristics and meta-heuristics. In this paper we discuss the various exact methods and the heuristics and meta-heuristics used to solve the VRP and its variants.
文摘Multi-agent systems are usually equipped with open communication infrastructures to improve interactions efficiency,reliability and sustainability.Although technologically costeffective,this makes them vulnerable to cyber-attacks with potentially catastrophic consequences.To this end,we present a novel control architecture capable to deal with the distributed constrained regulation problem in the presence of time-delay attacks on the agents’communication infrastructure.The basic idea consists of orchestrating the interconnected cyber-physical system as a leader-follower configuration so that adequate control actions are computed to isolate the attacked unit before it compromises the system operations.Simulations on a multi-area power system confirm that the proposed control scheme can reconfigure the leader-follower structure in response to denial ofservice(DoS)attacks.
文摘The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） is an effective platform and multilateral mechanism for China and African countries to conduct collective consultations and carry out pragmatic cooperation. Since its establishment in 2000, six ministerial conferences, convened every three years, have been successfully held so far. Chinese and African cities have been taking turns to host the conferences. Beijing was the host city of the first （2000）, third （2006） and fifth （2012） ministerial conferences.
