The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper and iron on acidogenic biomass immobilized on clinoptilolite in an anaerobic packed bed reactor. Copper and iron were fed to the reactor at concentrations of ...The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper and iron on acidogenic biomass immobilized on clinoptilolite in an anaerobic packed bed reactor. Copper and iron were fed to the reactor at concentrations of 100 and 300 mg·L-1, respectively. Both metal ions had insignificant inhibitory effect over the metabolism of the biomass, specifically, on substrate consumption and production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The microstructural characterization of the biofilm by Scanning Electron Microscopy showed no effect on the morphology of the microorganisms after the metals treatment. Copper and iron removal was also measured in the reactor, achieving a breakthrough time of 3 days, during which removal efficiencies were higher than 90%. It was also observed that the biomass had a greater affinity for copper. The results indicate that acidogenic biomass can be used effectively as a sorbent agent. The pollution of river-streams with heavy metals—mainly copper and iron—was one of the most compelling motivations for conducting this investigation. The San Pedro River Basin, a trans-boundary river that originates near the mining town of Cananea, Sonora, México, and flows to Arizona, USA, exemplifies this environmental issue.展开更多
Seven accessions of <i>Jatropha</i> <i>platyphylla</i> were evaluated for their phenotypic traits and genetic diversity using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Cluster analyses with nine t...Seven accessions of <i>Jatropha</i> <i>platyphylla</i> were evaluated for their phenotypic traits and genetic diversity using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Cluster analyses with nine traits were performed: number of branches per plant;fruit per bunch;bunch per branch;bunch per plant;total seed production;total fruit production, protein content, oil content, and fatty acid profile. Genotypes from Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico (PR11) yielded the highest values in <span>all traits. The correlation analysis of the quantitative traits showed high correlations between seed and total fruit production (r = 0.99). Unsaturated linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid (57.64% - 52.39%). Within a genetic improvement program, two of the most important variables to be considered are oil content and phenotypic characteristics of the plant. <i>J</i>. <i>platyphylla</i> has shown viable selection traits that provide a possibility of producing interspecies hybrids and giving them added value. ISSRs primers generated variable banding patterns that were found to be polymorphic;the polymorphic information content (PIC) of these loci ranged from 0.21 to 0.45 with an average of 0.34. The unweighted pair group method (UPGMA) cluster analysis of the data showed the formation of three groups, where the most divergent accession pair was the genotype from Quelite (QP11) and Rosario (PR11).展开更多
Oligosaccharins are potent biomolecules which activate defense responses and resistance in tobacco plants. However, it is not known the systemic behavior of defensive enzymes activated by these elicitors. In this work...Oligosaccharins are potent biomolecules which activate defense responses and resistance in tobacco plants. However, it is not known the systemic behavior of defensive enzymes activated by these elicitors. In this work, the dynamic behavior of key defensive enzymes was evaluated in tobacco plant leaves previously treated through the roots with chitosan polymer (CH), chitosan (COS) and pectic (OGAS) oligosaccharides and Spermine (Sp). All macromolecules tested activated protein levels and defense enzymatic activity in tobacco leaves but with different response dynamics among them and depending on the biochemical variable evaluated. Defense response above control levels were detected since 12 hours after treatments and it consisted in a biphasic behavior with two peaks for PAL (EC 4.3.1.5) and β 1 - 3 glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) enzymatic activities. The highest enzymatic levels for these enzymes were achieved at 48 hours in plantlets elicited with COS and at 72 hours for those plants treated with chitosan polymer, while the highest POD (EC 1.11.1.6) activity was detected with CH between 48 and 72 hours. These results demonstrated systemic defense activation by oligosaccharins in tobacco whose dynamic of defense response is affected by the kind of oligosaccharins tested. When applying OGAS by foliar spray on tobacco, systemic resistance against Phytoththora nicotianae was induced and plantlets were protected with the low concentration tested by 46% under the bioassays conditions performed. Moreover, enzymatic determinations on roots and leaves previous to plant-pathogen interaction showed increments above 30% of control levels for PAL and POD activities. It means that oligosaccharins activate local and systemic defense responses in plants in the absent of pathogen infection.展开更多
Grape(Vitis vinifera L.)cultivation has progressed from early domestication and clonal propagation to modern,data-driven breeding that is reshaping viticulture and wine quality.Yet climatic and biotic constraints stil...Grape(Vitis vinifera L.)cultivation has progressed from early domestication and clonal propagation to modern,data-driven breeding that is reshaping viticulture and wine quality.Yet climatic and biotic constraints still impose heavy losses—downy mildewcan reduce yields by≈75%in humid regions and gray mold by 20–50%—sustaining the need for resistant cultivars.Producer selection,interspecific crossing,and formal improvement programs have generated~10,000 varieties,although only a few dozen dominate global acreage.Conventional breeding has delivered fungus-resistant“PIWI”cultivars that retain≥85%of the V.vinifera genome;in Austria,national PIWI varieties are gaining acceptance for combined resistance to downy and powdery mildew and strong enological quality,while in Brazil,using‘BRS Isis’as a male parent produced a high proportion of seedless progeny.Over the past two decades,mapping studies have identified>30 resistance loci to Plasmopara viticola(Rpv)and 15 to Erysiphe necator(Ren/Run),enabling MAS and locus pyramiding;widely deployed loci include Rpv1,Rpv3 haplotypes,Rpv10,Rpv12,Run1,Ren1,Ren3,and Ren9.Gene editing further expands options:CRISPR knockout of VvMLO3 confers powdery-mildew resistance,whereas VvPR4b knockout increases susceptibility to P.viticola,highlighting both opportunity and gene-specific risk.To date,no consolidated program-or country-level percentages exist for MAS/CRISPR adoption in grape.Instead,proxy indicators—MAS screening throughput,the number of programs employing MAS,and CRISPR’s laboratory/pilot status with no commercial releases—suggest broad operational MAS and early-stage CRISPR implementation;for example,Germany reported>23 disease-resistant grapevine varieties developed with MAS and the loci above by 2022.Finally,this review analyzes the future of grapevine breeding,with a particular emphasis on the adoption of novel approaches to multi-omics,AI in breeding models,and sustainability for improving breeding schemes.An interdisciplinary effort will be required to find future solutions,as viticulture has entered a precision breeding revolution to address the challenges posed by the industry and the fight for long-term sustainability of grape production.展开更多
Correction:Marine Life Science&Technology https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-024-00248-8 In this article the name of author Luciane M.Perazzolo was incompletely written as Luciane Perazzolo.
Although the pick-up/drop-off(PUDO)strategy in carpooling offers the convenience of short-distance walking for passengers during boarding and disembarking,there is a noticeable hesitancy among commuters to adopt this ...Although the pick-up/drop-off(PUDO)strategy in carpooling offers the convenience of short-distance walking for passengers during boarding and disembarking,there is a noticeable hesitancy among commuters to adopt this travel method,despite its numerous benefits.Here,this paper establishes a tripartite evolutionary game theory(EGT)model to verify the evolutionary stability of choosing the PUDO strategy of drivers and passengers and offering subsidies strategy of carpooling platforms in carpooling system.The model presented in this paper serves as a valuable tool for assessing the dissemination and implementation of PUDO strategy and offering subsidies strategy in carpooling applications.Subsequently,an empirical analysis is conducted to examine and compare the sensitivity of the parameters across various scenarios.The findings suggest that:firstly,providing subsidies to passengers and drivers,along with deductions for drivers through carpooling platforms,is an effective way to promote wider adoption of the PUDO strategy.Then,the decision-making process is divided into three stages:initial stage,middle stage,and mature stage.PUDO strategy progresses from initial rejection to widespread acceptance among drivers in the middle stage and,in the mature stage,both passengers and drivers tend to adopt it under carpooling platform subsidies;the factors influencing the costs of waiting and walking times,as well as the subsidies granted to passengers,are essential determinants that require careful consideration by passengers,drivers,and carpooling platforms when choosing the PUDO strategy.Our work provides valuable insight into the PUDO strategy’s applicability and the declared results provide implications for traffic managers and carpooling platforms to offer a suitable incentive.展开更多
To use the benefits of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems(ADAS)-Tests in simulation and reality a new approach for using Augmented Reality(AR)in an automotive vehicle for testing ADAS is presented in this paper.Our pr...To use the benefits of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems(ADAS)-Tests in simulation and reality a new approach for using Augmented Reality(AR)in an automotive vehicle for testing ADAS is presented in this paper.Our procedure provides a link between simulation and reality and should enable a faster development process for future increasingly complex ADAS tests and future mobility solutions.Test fields for ADAS offer a small number of orientation points.Furthermore,these must be detected and processed at high vehicle speeds.That requires high computational power both for developing our method and its subsequent use in testing.Using image segmentation(IS),artificial intelligence(AI)for object recognition,and visual simultaneous localization and mapping(vSLAM),we aim to create a three-dimensional model with accurate information about the test site.It is expected that using AI and IS will significantly improve performance as computational speed and accuracy for AR applications in automobiles.展开更多
The traffic in developing countries presents its own specificity,notably due to the heterogeneous traffic and a weak-lane discipline.This leads to differences in driver behavior between these countries and developed c...The traffic in developing countries presents its own specificity,notably due to the heterogeneous traffic and a weak-lane discipline.This leads to differences in driver behavior between these countries and developed countries.Knowing that the analysis of the drivers from developed countries leads the design of the majority of driver models,it is not surprising that the simulations performed using these models do not match thefield data of the developing countries.This article presents a systematic review of the literature on modeling driving behaviors in the context of developing countries.The study focuses on the microsimulation approaches,and specifically on the multiagent paradigm,that are considered suitable for reproducing driving behaviors with accuracy.The major contributions from the recent literature are analyzed.Three major scientific challenges and related minor research directions are described.展开更多
The alteration of structure and function of gut microbiota(dysbiosis)appears to be a major factor associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases.However,...The alteration of structure and function of gut microbiota(dysbiosis)appears to be a major factor associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases.However,the consumption of fermented milks is a promising strategy to enhance health and restore the function of gut microbiota;specifically,in individuals with intestinal dysbiosis and hypercholesterolemia.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential association between gut microbiota and the hypocholesterolemic effect of fermented milks with Lactococcus lactis NRRL B-571(FM-571),NRRL B-572(FM-572)and NRRL B-600(FM-600)in Sprague-Dawley rats.Fermented milks were administered to hypercholesterolemic Sprague-Dawley rats during seven weeks.At the end of the experimental period,fecal and colonic microbiota were characterized using 16S RNA gene sequencing.Also,the short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)content was quantified in feces.Results showed that a high-cholesterol diet(HCD)altered the bacterial community in both fecal and mucosal samples.The consumption of fermented milks,specifically FM-572 promoted changes in the structure(beta diversity)in fecal,but not in mucosal microbiota.The levels of SCFAs in feces were improved after fermented milks consumption.From all SCFAs,butyrate was negatively correlated with total cholesterol,LDL-C(p<0.05)and positively correlated with HDL-C(p<0.05).Furthermore,Ruminococcaceae,Lactobacillaceae,Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae families,were negatively associated with total cholesterol,LDL-C(p<0.05)and positively associated with HDL-C(p<0.05).The abundance of these families was increased in groups treated with fermented milks,particularly with FM-572(p<0.05).Thus,the in vivo hypocholesterolemic effect after the consumption of milks fermented with Lactococcus lactis strains may be related with the modulation of fecal microbiota associated with the increase of butyrate-producing bacteria.Furthermore,these associations may suggest that butyrate may influence the cholesterol metabolism,resulting in the decreasing cholesterol levels.展开更多
With the aim to enhance prediction accuracy for nonlinear time series,this paper put forward an improved deep Echo State Network based on reservoir states reconstruction driven by a Self-Normalizing Activation(SNA)fun...With the aim to enhance prediction accuracy for nonlinear time series,this paper put forward an improved deep Echo State Network based on reservoir states reconstruction driven by a Self-Normalizing Activation(SNA)function as the replacement for the traditional Hyperbolic tangent activation function to reduce the model’s sensitivity to hyper-parameters.The Strategy was implemented in a two-state reconstruction process byfirst inputting the time series data to the model separately.Once,the time data passes through the reservoirs and is activated by the SNA activation function,the new state for the reservoirs is created.The state is input to the next layer,and the concatenate states module saves.Pairs of states are selected from the activated multi-layer reservoirs and input into the state reconstruction module.Multiple input states are transformed through the state reconstruction module andfinally saved to the concatenate state module.Two evaluation metrics were used to benchmark against three other ESNs with SNA activation functions to achieve better prediction accuracy.展开更多
Aquaculture is critical to reduce protein deficiencies and supplement the world’s demand for seafood.However,the culture environment predisposes farmed animals to infectious diseases.In particular,the high density of...Aquaculture is critical to reduce protein deficiencies and supplement the world’s demand for seafood.However,the culture environment predisposes farmed animals to infectious diseases.In particular,the high density of fish,crustacean,mollusk,sea cucumber or algal species allows for the rapid spread of infectious diseases resulting in devastating losses.Massive amounts of antibiotics have been used to sustain aquaculture production.This has led to the critical need to evaluate the impact of current control measures and optimize disease management schemes with an emphasis on global impact and sustainability.Furthermore,local and global changes have enhanced the pathogens’effects over aquaculture settings because increased temperature and pollution may trigger virulence genes and toxin production.Technological developments including biofloc technology,integrated multitrophic systems,recirculating aquaculture systems and probiotics have contributed to enhancing aquaculture sustainability and reducing the need for high loads of antibiotics and other chemicals.Furthermore,biotechnological tools(e.g.,omics and cell biology)have shed light on cellular processes in the health and disease of reared organisms.Metagenomics is a reliable and relatively quick tool to identify microbial communities in aquaculture settings.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper and iron on acidogenic biomass immobilized on clinoptilolite in an anaerobic packed bed reactor. Copper and iron were fed to the reactor at concentrations of 100 and 300 mg·L-1, respectively. Both metal ions had insignificant inhibitory effect over the metabolism of the biomass, specifically, on substrate consumption and production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The microstructural characterization of the biofilm by Scanning Electron Microscopy showed no effect on the morphology of the microorganisms after the metals treatment. Copper and iron removal was also measured in the reactor, achieving a breakthrough time of 3 days, during which removal efficiencies were higher than 90%. It was also observed that the biomass had a greater affinity for copper. The results indicate that acidogenic biomass can be used effectively as a sorbent agent. The pollution of river-streams with heavy metals—mainly copper and iron—was one of the most compelling motivations for conducting this investigation. The San Pedro River Basin, a trans-boundary river that originates near the mining town of Cananea, Sonora, México, and flows to Arizona, USA, exemplifies this environmental issue.
文摘Seven accessions of <i>Jatropha</i> <i>platyphylla</i> were evaluated for their phenotypic traits and genetic diversity using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Cluster analyses with nine traits were performed: number of branches per plant;fruit per bunch;bunch per branch;bunch per plant;total seed production;total fruit production, protein content, oil content, and fatty acid profile. Genotypes from Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico (PR11) yielded the highest values in <span>all traits. The correlation analysis of the quantitative traits showed high correlations between seed and total fruit production (r = 0.99). Unsaturated linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid (57.64% - 52.39%). Within a genetic improvement program, two of the most important variables to be considered are oil content and phenotypic characteristics of the plant. <i>J</i>. <i>platyphylla</i> has shown viable selection traits that provide a possibility of producing interspecies hybrids and giving them added value. ISSRs primers generated variable banding patterns that were found to be polymorphic;the polymorphic information content (PIC) of these loci ranged from 0.21 to 0.45 with an average of 0.34. The unweighted pair group method (UPGMA) cluster analysis of the data showed the formation of three groups, where the most divergent accession pair was the genotype from Quelite (QP11) and Rosario (PR11).
文摘Oligosaccharins are potent biomolecules which activate defense responses and resistance in tobacco plants. However, it is not known the systemic behavior of defensive enzymes activated by these elicitors. In this work, the dynamic behavior of key defensive enzymes was evaluated in tobacco plant leaves previously treated through the roots with chitosan polymer (CH), chitosan (COS) and pectic (OGAS) oligosaccharides and Spermine (Sp). All macromolecules tested activated protein levels and defense enzymatic activity in tobacco leaves but with different response dynamics among them and depending on the biochemical variable evaluated. Defense response above control levels were detected since 12 hours after treatments and it consisted in a biphasic behavior with two peaks for PAL (EC 4.3.1.5) and β 1 - 3 glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) enzymatic activities. The highest enzymatic levels for these enzymes were achieved at 48 hours in plantlets elicited with COS and at 72 hours for those plants treated with chitosan polymer, while the highest POD (EC 1.11.1.6) activity was detected with CH between 48 and 72 hours. These results demonstrated systemic defense activation by oligosaccharins in tobacco whose dynamic of defense response is affected by the kind of oligosaccharins tested. When applying OGAS by foliar spray on tobacco, systemic resistance against Phytoththora nicotianae was induced and plantlets were protected with the low concentration tested by 46% under the bioassays conditions performed. Moreover, enzymatic determinations on roots and leaves previous to plant-pathogen interaction showed increments above 30% of control levels for PAL and POD activities. It means that oligosaccharins activate local and systemic defense responses in plants in the absent of pathogen infection.
文摘Grape(Vitis vinifera L.)cultivation has progressed from early domestication and clonal propagation to modern,data-driven breeding that is reshaping viticulture and wine quality.Yet climatic and biotic constraints still impose heavy losses—downy mildewcan reduce yields by≈75%in humid regions and gray mold by 20–50%—sustaining the need for resistant cultivars.Producer selection,interspecific crossing,and formal improvement programs have generated~10,000 varieties,although only a few dozen dominate global acreage.Conventional breeding has delivered fungus-resistant“PIWI”cultivars that retain≥85%of the V.vinifera genome;in Austria,national PIWI varieties are gaining acceptance for combined resistance to downy and powdery mildew and strong enological quality,while in Brazil,using‘BRS Isis’as a male parent produced a high proportion of seedless progeny.Over the past two decades,mapping studies have identified>30 resistance loci to Plasmopara viticola(Rpv)and 15 to Erysiphe necator(Ren/Run),enabling MAS and locus pyramiding;widely deployed loci include Rpv1,Rpv3 haplotypes,Rpv10,Rpv12,Run1,Ren1,Ren3,and Ren9.Gene editing further expands options:CRISPR knockout of VvMLO3 confers powdery-mildew resistance,whereas VvPR4b knockout increases susceptibility to P.viticola,highlighting both opportunity and gene-specific risk.To date,no consolidated program-or country-level percentages exist for MAS/CRISPR adoption in grape.Instead,proxy indicators—MAS screening throughput,the number of programs employing MAS,and CRISPR’s laboratory/pilot status with no commercial releases—suggest broad operational MAS and early-stage CRISPR implementation;for example,Germany reported>23 disease-resistant grapevine varieties developed with MAS and the loci above by 2022.Finally,this review analyzes the future of grapevine breeding,with a particular emphasis on the adoption of novel approaches to multi-omics,AI in breeding models,and sustainability for improving breeding schemes.An interdisciplinary effort will be required to find future solutions,as viticulture has entered a precision breeding revolution to address the challenges posed by the industry and the fight for long-term sustainability of grape production.
文摘Correction:Marine Life Science&Technology https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-024-00248-8 In this article the name of author Luciane M.Perazzolo was incompletely written as Luciane Perazzolo.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.72171172 and 62088101the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology,China Major Project under Grant No.2021SHZDZX0100the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology,China Project under Grant No.19511132101.
文摘Although the pick-up/drop-off(PUDO)strategy in carpooling offers the convenience of short-distance walking for passengers during boarding and disembarking,there is a noticeable hesitancy among commuters to adopt this travel method,despite its numerous benefits.Here,this paper establishes a tripartite evolutionary game theory(EGT)model to verify the evolutionary stability of choosing the PUDO strategy of drivers and passengers and offering subsidies strategy of carpooling platforms in carpooling system.The model presented in this paper serves as a valuable tool for assessing the dissemination and implementation of PUDO strategy and offering subsidies strategy in carpooling applications.Subsequently,an empirical analysis is conducted to examine and compare the sensitivity of the parameters across various scenarios.The findings suggest that:firstly,providing subsidies to passengers and drivers,along with deductions for drivers through carpooling platforms,is an effective way to promote wider adoption of the PUDO strategy.Then,the decision-making process is divided into three stages:initial stage,middle stage,and mature stage.PUDO strategy progresses from initial rejection to widespread acceptance among drivers in the middle stage and,in the mature stage,both passengers and drivers tend to adopt it under carpooling platform subsidies;the factors influencing the costs of waiting and walking times,as well as the subsidies granted to passengers,are essential determinants that require careful consideration by passengers,drivers,and carpooling platforms when choosing the PUDO strategy.Our work provides valuable insight into the PUDO strategy’s applicability and the declared results provide implications for traffic managers and carpooling platforms to offer a suitable incentive.
文摘To use the benefits of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems(ADAS)-Tests in simulation and reality a new approach for using Augmented Reality(AR)in an automotive vehicle for testing ADAS is presented in this paper.Our procedure provides a link between simulation and reality and should enable a faster development process for future increasingly complex ADAS tests and future mobility solutions.Test fields for ADAS offer a small number of orientation points.Furthermore,these must be detected and processed at high vehicle speeds.That requires high computational power both for developing our method and its subsequent use in testing.Using image segmentation(IS),artificial intelligence(AI)for object recognition,and visual simultaneous localization and mapping(vSLAM),we aim to create a three-dimensional model with accurate information about the test site.It is expected that using AI and IS will significantly improve performance as computational speed and accuracy for AR applications in automobiles.
基金supported by the ERAMUS+Higher Education Learning under Grant No.1953215 of Hasselt University Belgium.Alexandre Lombard is supported by the National Inter-UT Project SMART-E2AU 2018-2022 of the“Universitéde Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard”,France.Stéphane GallandThomas Martinet are supported by the EU project H2020 REDREAM,under Grant No.957837.
文摘The traffic in developing countries presents its own specificity,notably due to the heterogeneous traffic and a weak-lane discipline.This leads to differences in driver behavior between these countries and developed countries.Knowing that the analysis of the drivers from developed countries leads the design of the majority of driver models,it is not surprising that the simulations performed using these models do not match thefield data of the developing countries.This article presents a systematic review of the literature on modeling driving behaviors in the context of developing countries.The study focuses on the microsimulation approaches,and specifically on the multiagent paradigm,that are considered suitable for reproducing driving behaviors with accuracy.The major contributions from the recent literature are analyzed.Three major scientific challenges and related minor research directions are described.
基金supported by the Mexican Council of Humanities Science and Technology(CONAHCYT)México City,(México)research grant:240338 and 60305.
文摘The alteration of structure and function of gut microbiota(dysbiosis)appears to be a major factor associated with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and subsequent development of cardiovascular diseases.However,the consumption of fermented milks is a promising strategy to enhance health and restore the function of gut microbiota;specifically,in individuals with intestinal dysbiosis and hypercholesterolemia.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential association between gut microbiota and the hypocholesterolemic effect of fermented milks with Lactococcus lactis NRRL B-571(FM-571),NRRL B-572(FM-572)and NRRL B-600(FM-600)in Sprague-Dawley rats.Fermented milks were administered to hypercholesterolemic Sprague-Dawley rats during seven weeks.At the end of the experimental period,fecal and colonic microbiota were characterized using 16S RNA gene sequencing.Also,the short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)content was quantified in feces.Results showed that a high-cholesterol diet(HCD)altered the bacterial community in both fecal and mucosal samples.The consumption of fermented milks,specifically FM-572 promoted changes in the structure(beta diversity)in fecal,but not in mucosal microbiota.The levels of SCFAs in feces were improved after fermented milks consumption.From all SCFAs,butyrate was negatively correlated with total cholesterol,LDL-C(p<0.05)and positively correlated with HDL-C(p<0.05).Furthermore,Ruminococcaceae,Lactobacillaceae,Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae families,were negatively associated with total cholesterol,LDL-C(p<0.05)and positively associated with HDL-C(p<0.05).The abundance of these families was increased in groups treated with fermented milks,particularly with FM-572(p<0.05).Thus,the in vivo hypocholesterolemic effect after the consumption of milks fermented with Lactococcus lactis strains may be related with the modulation of fecal microbiota associated with the increase of butyrate-producing bacteria.Furthermore,these associations may suggest that butyrate may influence the cholesterol metabolism,resulting in the decreasing cholesterol levels.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.72171172 and 62088101in part by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology,China Major Project under Grant No.2021SHZDZX0100+1 种基金in part by Shanghai Research Institute of China Engineering Science and Technology Development Strategy,Strategic Research and Consulting Project,under Grant No.2022-DFZD-33-02in part by Chinese Academy of Engineering,Strategic Research and Consulting Program,under Grant No.2022-XY-100。
文摘With the aim to enhance prediction accuracy for nonlinear time series,this paper put forward an improved deep Echo State Network based on reservoir states reconstruction driven by a Self-Normalizing Activation(SNA)function as the replacement for the traditional Hyperbolic tangent activation function to reduce the model’s sensitivity to hyper-parameters.The Strategy was implemented in a two-state reconstruction process byfirst inputting the time series data to the model separately.Once,the time data passes through the reservoirs and is activated by the SNA activation function,the new state for the reservoirs is created.The state is input to the next layer,and the concatenate states module saves.Pairs of states are selected from the activated multi-layer reservoirs and input into the state reconstruction module.Multiple input states are transformed through the state reconstruction module andfinally saved to the concatenate state module.Two evaluation metrics were used to benchmark against three other ESNs with SNA activation functions to achieve better prediction accuracy.
文摘Aquaculture is critical to reduce protein deficiencies and supplement the world’s demand for seafood.However,the culture environment predisposes farmed animals to infectious diseases.In particular,the high density of fish,crustacean,mollusk,sea cucumber or algal species allows for the rapid spread of infectious diseases resulting in devastating losses.Massive amounts of antibiotics have been used to sustain aquaculture production.This has led to the critical need to evaluate the impact of current control measures and optimize disease management schemes with an emphasis on global impact and sustainability.Furthermore,local and global changes have enhanced the pathogens’effects over aquaculture settings because increased temperature and pollution may trigger virulence genes and toxin production.Technological developments including biofloc technology,integrated multitrophic systems,recirculating aquaculture systems and probiotics have contributed to enhancing aquaculture sustainability and reducing the need for high loads of antibiotics and other chemicals.Furthermore,biotechnological tools(e.g.,omics and cell biology)have shed light on cellular processes in the health and disease of reared organisms.Metagenomics is a reliable and relatively quick tool to identify microbial communities in aquaculture settings.
