Created in 2004,China Standardization is a welldesigned bimonthly in English under the administration of SAMR and instruction of SAC.As one of the five official publications by China Standardization Press,the journal ...Created in 2004,China Standardization is a welldesigned bimonthly in English under the administration of SAMR and instruction of SAC.As one of the five official publications by China Standardization Press,the journal is jointly sponsored by CAS and CNIS.So far,it is the exclusive English magazine in the standardization field,enjoying a global readership and connection with international/regional organizations for standardization and foreign standardization institutes.展开更多
China Standardization:Can you please briefly introduce ISO,its international standards as well as your scope of work?Rachel Miller Prada:ISO is an independent non-governmental organization dedicated to developing inte...China Standardization:Can you please briefly introduce ISO,its international standards as well as your scope of work?Rachel Miller Prada:ISO is an independent non-governmental organization dedicated to developing international standards.Currently,ISO has 175 member bodies,representing 175 countries that participate in its standard development work.We have a portfolio of over 24,000 international standards,with around 100 new standards issued or existing ones revised every month.The ultimate goal of our standardization work is to support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Every standard we develop and every task I undertake in my role contributes to these global objectives.展开更多
As a national scientific research institute, China National Institute of Standardization （CNIS） has held the obligation and mission of China＇s standardization research. For more than a year, under the leadership of...As a national scientific research institute, China National Institute of Standardization （CNIS） has held the obligation and mission of China＇s standardization research. For more than a year, under the leadership of the institute management team and the ideological guidance of ＂one reform, two transform,展开更多
Year 2006 is the year marking the 100th anniversary of the founding of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC is mainly engaged in the international standardization for electrical and electronic tech... Year 2006 is the year marking the 100th anniversary of the founding of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC is mainly engaged in the international standardization for electrical and electronic technology field aiming at promoting international trade and technology cooperation and exchange, improving product and service quality, upgrading productivity and protecting the environment as well as human health and safety. Most countries worldwide adopt standards developed and promulgated by IEC, providing a platform to international trade and technical exchange. China has being a member since 1957. Electronic and IT are the most developed and energetic filed in recent decades. Number of IEC TC/SC specialized in electronic and IT amounts up to 52.……展开更多
A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating.New-generation information technologies such as AI are increasingly integrated into all areas and the entire process of economic an...A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating.New-generation information technologies such as AI are increasingly integrated into all areas and the entire process of economic and social development,and are becoming key factors in reshaping global resource elements,the global economic structure,and the global competition pattern.展开更多
China Standardization:What is your view on this year's International Standardization Youth Star Competition?Tom Heilandt:This is the first time I have attended this event,which was founded by my good friend Dr.Zha...China Standardization:What is your view on this year's International Standardization Youth Star Competition?Tom Heilandt:This is the first time I have attended this event,which was founded by my good friend Dr.Zhang Xiaogang,whom I first met in 2016 when he was President of ISO.It is an excellent initiative.I strongly believe that it is essential for young people to become involved in standardization.展开更多
The matters of equipment optimization development are usually discrete,fuzzy and non-quantitative.It is difficult directly to optimize the equipment development with a mathematical model.A set of methods for designing...The matters of equipment optimization development are usually discrete,fuzzy and non-quantitative.It is difficult directly to optimize the equipment development with a mathematical model.A set of methods for designing the equipment optimization development with six dimensions and eight main elements is established based on the theory and method of standardization.The top-tier design space of systematic development of equipment is built up by the relations of basic models,series and model spectrums.The relations of time and space for equipment optimization development are established.The design processes of a six dimension systematic space are expounded.The connotation of each plan in the main system space is analyzed.A design method for an entire equipment is established with standardization theory.The coordinating design methods of equipment technical system and the optimization design methods of equipment integration are discussed.The design methods for universalization and serialization of components and parts are established.The design methods of equipment optimization development highlight the relations of the basic model of platform,the serialization of platform basic models,the modularization of equipment functions,the model spectrum of variant equipment,and the universalization and serialization of components and parts.展开更多
In recent years, consortium stan- dards have been growing at a rapid speed in China. The market-oriented standards meet the needs of techno- logical innovation and industrial de- velopment, complementing for the curre...In recent years, consortium stan- dards have been growing at a rapid speed in China. The market-oriented standards meet the needs of techno- logical innovation and industrial de- velopment, complementing for the current national standards system composed of national, industrial, regional and enterprise standards. However, there is no legal provisions on consortium standards in the na- tional standardization legal frame- work, lacking of targeted guidelines and legal reference.展开更多
BACKGROUND Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation(AF)is commonly performed worldwide.However,the clinical charac-teristics of hospitalized patients with AF and national trends in catheter ablation at tertiary hospi...BACKGROUND Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation(AF)is commonly performed worldwide.However,the clinical charac-teristics of hospitalized patients with AF and national trends in catheter ablation at tertiary hospitals in China remain unreported.METHODS This study used the Chinese national database(Hospital Quality Monitoring System)from 2013 to 2016,which is a mandatory database that collects the front page of patients’medical records for hospital accreditation,to describe the clinical cha-racteristics of patients with AF as an overall cohort and as subgroups divided by catheter ablation and sex.RESULTS Of 597,919 AF patients first admitted,57,983 patients underwent catheter ablation[56,384 cases(97.2%)of radiofre-quency ablation and 1599 cases(2.8%)of cryoablation]at 746 tertiary hospitals.Nearly 10%of patients hospitalized with AF at ter-tiary hospitals in China underwent catheter ablation,and the percentage of patients undergoing catheter ablation was on the rise bet-ween 2013 and 2016,and the number of cases increased by 2.5 times.Compared with AF patients who did not undergo catheter ablation,those who did were younger,more frequently male,and had fewer baseline comorbidities.Although the overall CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc score revealed over half of the patients were high-risk,patients who underwent catheter ablation were mostly low-risk(71.2%of males and 59.1%of females).Considering in-hospital adverse events,the overall pericardial tamponade and all-cause death incidences were 0.2%(0.6%in the ablation group)and 1.2%(0.1%in the ablation group),respectively;both of which were higher in females than males.CONCLUSIONS In this study,AF patients who underwent catheter ablation were relatively young,had a low thrombosis risk,and had few comorbidities and adverse events.Females were older and experienced more complications than males.展开更多
·China commits to lifting price controls in competitive sectors by 2017 under new guidelines·Reforms focus on monopolistic sectors,public sector and heavily subsidised sectors·Price reforms send a stron...·China commits to lifting price controls in competitive sectors by 2017 under new guidelines·Reforms focus on monopolistic sectors,public sector and heavily subsidised sectors·Price reforms send a strong signal of accelerating deep reformsMost remaining price controls to be lifted by 2017China recently announced a new round of pricing reforms and set a timetable for revamping the country’s pricing mechanism.Price controls for most goods and services in com-展开更多
Our proprietary survey of 30 developers suggests no quick market turnaround on the horizon Sales have improved mildly and prices seem to be bottoming,but inventory is being digested only slowly Construction activity r...Our proprietary survey of 30 developers suggests no quick market turnaround on the horizon Sales have improved mildly and prices seem to be bottoming,but inventory is being digested only slowly Construction activity remained weak;financing became more difficult despite lower funding costs Our China Developers Sentiment Index moderated,suggesting still-fragile sentiment in the展开更多
China has started the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ Initiative of building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, which is a major strategy of the CPC CentraL Committee and the State Council ...China has started the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ Initiative of building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, which is a major strategy of the CPC CentraL Committee and the State Council on basis of the ever chang- ing global context after coordinating both international and domestic sit- uation. The One Belt and One Road Initiative aims to jointly create an open, inclusive and balanced region- al economic cooperation architec- ture that benefits all.展开更多
For enterprises today, market competition is inevitable. The focus of market competition has constantly changed, from cost to quality, and then to time and service. From time to time, enterprises have to adjust busine...For enterprises today, market competition is inevitable. The focus of market competition has constantly changed, from cost to quality, and then to time and service. From time to time, enterprises have to adjust business strategies according to such changes. Market competition drives enterprises to continuously come up with new products that are fit for the trend. Any new market need would attract numerous producers to swarm in, and only the fastest may secure a place on the market.展开更多
Things related to standards and standardization are not something that recently come to people's sight,but that have already came to people's sight since the ancient times.When human beings were still in the e...Things related to standards and standardization are not something that recently come to people's sight,but that have already came to people's sight since the ancient times.When human beings were still in the early age,they already had the conformity requirements about the statistics and recording of their labor fruits and the production and living tools.So they yearned for standards and standardization.展开更多
This article introduces the background,laws and regulations,basic framework,certificationcatalogue,implementation results,andproblems of China's compulsory product certificationsystem.
The concept of Smart Cities is gaining increasingly high importance as a means of making available all the services and applications enabled by ICT to citizens, companies and authorities that are part of a city＇s sys...The concept of Smart Cities is gaining increasingly high importance as a means of making available all the services and applications enabled by ICT to citizens, companies and authorities that are part of a city＇s system. It aims to improve citizens＇ quality Of life and improve the efficiency and quality of the services provided by governing entities and businesses. This perspective requires an integrated vision of a city and of its infi＇astmctures, in all its components, and extends beyond the mere ＇digitalisation＇ of information and communication： it has to incorporate a number of dimensions that are not related to technology, e.g., the social and political ones.展开更多
This text introduces the great achievements made in recent years in the international standardization of the radio frequency （RF）connector. It analyses why the standards should be prepared and the benefits of standa...This text introduces the great achievements made in recent years in the international standardization of the radio frequency （RF）connector. It analyses why the standards should be prepared and the benefits of standardization on our RF connector industry.展开更多
Comprehensive standardization is an important measure for the reform and innovation of the current standards development mode.It transformed the traditional standards development mode characterized by industry divisio...Comprehensive standardization is an important measure for the reform and innovation of the current standards development mode.It transformed the traditional standards development mode characterized by industry division and discrete development.Developing standards systematically better satisfies the standards requirements of various parties of industrial chains;the effect of standards as a whole gets full play;it also adapts to the requirements of the transformation,upgrading of industry and the development of strategic emerging industries.展开更多
China is one of the countries suffering from the most severe earthquakedisasters. The death toll from earthquakes in China is estimated to be 600,000, accounting for 1/3of the global number. Twenty-three provincial ca...China is one of the countries suffering from the most severe earthquakedisasters. The death toll from earthquakes in China is estimated to be 600,000, accounting for 1/3of the global number. Twenty-three provincial capitals in China and two thirds of its big cities,each with a population over one million, are located at high risk areas with seismic intensity overVII degrees. The two violent earthquakes in the world during the 20^(th) century, which both causeda death toll of over 200,000 and occurred in China. Therefore, as viewed from earthquake disastermitigation, the seismological sector holds an important position in safeguarding national security,boosting national economic growth and protecting the life and property of people. 'Seismologicalstandardization'-a completely new concept was first proposed by China in 1990. Through more than 10years of development, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has incorporated 'seismological standardization' into the standardization field of China. A total of 15 nationalstandards and 18 seismological sector standards have been formulated in three working systems:earthquake monitoring and prediction, earthquake disaster prevention, earthquake emergency responseand rescue, which have helped boost the orderly development in respect of protecting against andmitigating earthquake disasters in China. With special regard to providing the society with seismicsafety services, SAC puts forward a framework of service standard system for the seismologicalsector and object of the standardization on the basis of Seismological technical standards,following a systematic study.展开更多
The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,...The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,such as girth,length and width measurements than ASTM and it lack across chest width,back width,total crotch length and shoulder slope which are important measurements in pattern making.ASTM classifies its standards according to the customers' size,gender and age.So we think GB standard could make some modifications from these fields to satisfy the users.展开更多
文摘Created in 2004,China Standardization is a welldesigned bimonthly in English under the administration of SAMR and instruction of SAC.As one of the five official publications by China Standardization Press,the journal is jointly sponsored by CAS and CNIS.So far,it is the exclusive English magazine in the standardization field,enjoying a global readership and connection with international/regional organizations for standardization and foreign standardization institutes.
文摘China Standardization:Can you please briefly introduce ISO,its international standards as well as your scope of work?Rachel Miller Prada:ISO is an independent non-governmental organization dedicated to developing international standards.Currently,ISO has 175 member bodies,representing 175 countries that participate in its standard development work.We have a portfolio of over 24,000 international standards,with around 100 new standards issued or existing ones revised every month.The ultimate goal of our standardization work is to support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Every standard we develop and every task I undertake in my role contributes to these global objectives.
文摘As a national scientific research institute, China National Institute of Standardization （CNIS） has held the obligation and mission of China＇s standardization research. For more than a year, under the leadership of the institute management team and the ideological guidance of ＂one reform, two transform,
文摘 Year 2006 is the year marking the 100th anniversary of the founding of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC is mainly engaged in the international standardization for electrical and electronic technology field aiming at promoting international trade and technology cooperation and exchange, improving product and service quality, upgrading productivity and protecting the environment as well as human health and safety. Most countries worldwide adopt standards developed and promulgated by IEC, providing a platform to international trade and technical exchange. China has being a member since 1957. Electronic and IT are the most developed and energetic filed in recent decades. Number of IEC TC/SC specialized in electronic and IT amounts up to 52.……
文摘A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating.New-generation information technologies such as AI are increasingly integrated into all areas and the entire process of economic and social development,and are becoming key factors in reshaping global resource elements,the global economic structure,and the global competition pattern.
文摘China Standardization:What is your view on this year's International Standardization Youth Star Competition?Tom Heilandt:This is the first time I have attended this event,which was founded by my good friend Dr.Zhang Xiaogang,whom I first met in 2016 when he was President of ISO.It is an excellent initiative.I strongly believe that it is essential for young people to become involved in standardization.
文摘The matters of equipment optimization development are usually discrete,fuzzy and non-quantitative.It is difficult directly to optimize the equipment development with a mathematical model.A set of methods for designing the equipment optimization development with six dimensions and eight main elements is established based on the theory and method of standardization.The top-tier design space of systematic development of equipment is built up by the relations of basic models,series and model spectrums.The relations of time and space for equipment optimization development are established.The design processes of a six dimension systematic space are expounded.The connotation of each plan in the main system space is analyzed.A design method for an entire equipment is established with standardization theory.The coordinating design methods of equipment technical system and the optimization design methods of equipment integration are discussed.The design methods for universalization and serialization of components and parts are established.The design methods of equipment optimization development highlight the relations of the basic model of platform,the serialization of platform basic models,the modularization of equipment functions,the model spectrum of variant equipment,and the universalization and serialization of components and parts.
文摘In recent years, consortium stan- dards have been growing at a rapid speed in China. The market-oriented standards meet the needs of techno- logical innovation and industrial de- velopment, complementing for the current national standards system composed of national, industrial, regional and enterprise standards. However, there is no legal provisions on consortium standards in the na- tional standardization legal frame- work, lacking of targeted guidelines and legal reference.
基金supported by the China-WHO Biennial Collaborative Projects 2016–2017(No.2016/648722–0).
文摘BACKGROUND Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation(AF)is commonly performed worldwide.However,the clinical charac-teristics of hospitalized patients with AF and national trends in catheter ablation at tertiary hospitals in China remain unreported.METHODS This study used the Chinese national database(Hospital Quality Monitoring System)from 2013 to 2016,which is a mandatory database that collects the front page of patients’medical records for hospital accreditation,to describe the clinical cha-racteristics of patients with AF as an overall cohort and as subgroups divided by catheter ablation and sex.RESULTS Of 597,919 AF patients first admitted,57,983 patients underwent catheter ablation[56,384 cases(97.2%)of radiofre-quency ablation and 1599 cases(2.8%)of cryoablation]at 746 tertiary hospitals.Nearly 10%of patients hospitalized with AF at ter-tiary hospitals in China underwent catheter ablation,and the percentage of patients undergoing catheter ablation was on the rise bet-ween 2013 and 2016,and the number of cases increased by 2.5 times.Compared with AF patients who did not undergo catheter ablation,those who did were younger,more frequently male,and had fewer baseline comorbidities.Although the overall CHA_(2)DS_(2)-VASc score revealed over half of the patients were high-risk,patients who underwent catheter ablation were mostly low-risk(71.2%of males and 59.1%of females).Considering in-hospital adverse events,the overall pericardial tamponade and all-cause death incidences were 0.2%(0.6%in the ablation group)and 1.2%(0.1%in the ablation group),respectively;both of which were higher in females than males.CONCLUSIONS In this study,AF patients who underwent catheter ablation were relatively young,had a low thrombosis risk,and had few comorbidities and adverse events.Females were older and experienced more complications than males.
文摘·China commits to lifting price controls in competitive sectors by 2017 under new guidelines·Reforms focus on monopolistic sectors,public sector and heavily subsidised sectors·Price reforms send a strong signal of accelerating deep reformsMost remaining price controls to be lifted by 2017China recently announced a new round of pricing reforms and set a timetable for revamping the country’s pricing mechanism.Price controls for most goods and services in com-
文摘Our proprietary survey of 30 developers suggests no quick market turnaround on the horizon Sales have improved mildly and prices seem to be bottoming,but inventory is being digested only slowly Construction activity remained weak;financing became more difficult despite lower funding costs Our China Developers Sentiment Index moderated,suggesting still-fragile sentiment in the
文摘China has started the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ Initiative of building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, which is a major strategy of the CPC CentraL Committee and the State Council on basis of the ever chang- ing global context after coordinating both international and domestic sit- uation. The One Belt and One Road Initiative aims to jointly create an open, inclusive and balanced region- al economic cooperation architec- ture that benefits all.
文摘For enterprises today, market competition is inevitable. The focus of market competition has constantly changed, from cost to quality, and then to time and service. From time to time, enterprises have to adjust business strategies according to such changes. Market competition drives enterprises to continuously come up with new products that are fit for the trend. Any new market need would attract numerous producers to swarm in, and only the fastest may secure a place on the market.
文摘Things related to standards and standardization are not something that recently come to people's sight,but that have already came to people's sight since the ancient times.When human beings were still in the early age,they already had the conformity requirements about the statistics and recording of their labor fruits and the production and living tools.So they yearned for standards and standardization.
文摘This article introduces the background,laws and regulations,basic framework,certificationcatalogue,implementation results,andproblems of China's compulsory product certificationsystem.
文摘The concept of Smart Cities is gaining increasingly high importance as a means of making available all the services and applications enabled by ICT to citizens, companies and authorities that are part of a city＇s system. It aims to improve citizens＇ quality Of life and improve the efficiency and quality of the services provided by governing entities and businesses. This perspective requires an integrated vision of a city and of its infi＇astmctures, in all its components, and extends beyond the mere ＇digitalisation＇ of information and communication： it has to incorporate a number of dimensions that are not related to technology, e.g., the social and political ones.
文摘This text introduces the great achievements made in recent years in the international standardization of the radio frequency （RF）connector. It analyses why the standards should be prepared and the benefits of standardization on our RF connector industry.
文摘Comprehensive standardization is an important measure for the reform and innovation of the current standards development mode.It transformed the traditional standards development mode characterized by industry division and discrete development.Developing standards systematically better satisfies the standards requirements of various parties of industrial chains;the effect of standards as a whole gets full play;it also adapts to the requirements of the transformation,upgrading of industry and the development of strategic emerging industries.
文摘China is one of the countries suffering from the most severe earthquakedisasters. The death toll from earthquakes in China is estimated to be 600,000, accounting for 1/3of the global number. Twenty-three provincial capitals in China and two thirds of its big cities,each with a population over one million, are located at high risk areas with seismic intensity overVII degrees. The two violent earthquakes in the world during the 20^(th) century, which both causeda death toll of over 200,000 and occurred in China. Therefore, as viewed from earthquake disastermitigation, the seismological sector holds an important position in safeguarding national security,boosting national economic growth and protecting the life and property of people. 'Seismologicalstandardization'-a completely new concept was first proposed by China in 1990. Through more than 10years of development, the Standardization Administration of China (SAC) has incorporated 'seismological standardization' into the standardization field of China. A total of 15 nationalstandards and 18 seismological sector standards have been formulated in three working systems:earthquake monitoring and prediction, earthquake disaster prevention, earthquake emergency responseand rescue, which have helped boost the orderly development in respect of protecting against andmitigating earthquake disasters in China. With special regard to providing the society with seismicsafety services, SAC puts forward a framework of service standard system for the seismologicalsector and object of the standardization on the basis of Seismological technical standards,following a systematic study.
文摘The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,such as girth,length and width measurements than ASTM and it lack across chest width,back width,total crotch length and shoulder slope which are important measurements in pattern making.ASTM classifies its standards according to the customers' size,gender and age.So we think GB standard could make some modifications from these fields to satisfy the users.
