Obesity is a major driver of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and its progressive form,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH).As the global prevalence of obesity continues...Obesity is a major driver of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and its progressive form,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH).As the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise,the burden of MASLD/MASH is increasing,posing significant challenges to healthcare systems.The use of anti-obesity medications(AOMs)in this population is complex due to altered hepatic metabolism,safety concerns,and potential hepatotoxicity.Recent advances in pharmacologic agents,such as glucagon-like peptide1(GLP-1)receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs),dual GLP-1/glucose-gastric inhibitory polypeptide(GIP)agonists,and triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon agonists,have shown promising metabolic effects in the general population.Among these,GLP-1 RAs(e.g.,liraglutide and semaglutide)consistently demonstrate hepatic benefits,including reductions in hepatic steatosis,improvements in liver enzyme profiles,and attenuation of fibrosis progression.Tirzepatide,a dual GLP-1/GIP agonist,has shown superior weight loss effects compared to GLP-1 receptor agonist monotherapy,with emerging but still limited data on hepatic outcomes in MASLD/MASH.Retatrutide,a triple agonist,has produced the most pronounced metabolic effects to date,although its impact on liver histology remains underexplored.Other AOMs,such as bupropion-naltrexone and phentermine-topiramate,require cautious use due to potential hepatotoxicity.Importantly,advanced MASLD may alter drug pharmacokinetics,underscoring the need for individualized therapy and close monitoring.This review provides an updated synthesis of the efficacy and safety of current and emerging AOMs in patients with MASLD/MASH and highlights the urgent need for further research to define optimal pharmacological strategies in this high-risk population.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disorder marked by chronic hyperglycemia and low-grade inflammation,contributing to various complications.Natural agents with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties ha...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disorder marked by chronic hyperglycemia and low-grade inflammation,contributing to various complications.Natural agents with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties have gained attention as adjunct therapies.To review the effects of Allium sativum on inflammatory pathways and metabolic alterations associated with T2DM.A narrative review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Scielo databases.The search included terms such as“allium sativum”,“inflammation",“oxidative stress”,and“diabetes mellitus”.Studies in English and Spanish-ranging from clinical trials to meta-analyses-were selected based on relevance.Bioactive compounds such as allicin,S-allyl cysteine,and diallyl disulfide exhibit anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hypoglycemic,and lipid-lowering actions.Preclinical studies show improved glucose metabolism,insulin sensitivity,and organ function.Moreover,clinical evidence supports reductions in fasting glucose,hemoglobin A1c,blood pressure,and oxidative stress,with good safety profiles.Allium sativum appears to be a promising adjuvant in T2DM management,offering metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits.Nonetheless,further high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm its long-term efficacy and standardize its therapeutic use.展开更多
Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine system.Chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein sy...Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine system.Chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis disruption.Despite its importance,assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently neglected.This article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment of endocrine disturbances in liver cirrhosis.The review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline,EMBASE,and Scielo databases,encompassing 172 articles.Liver cirrhosis is associated with endocrine disturbances,including diabetes,hypoglycemia,sarcopenia,thyroid dysfunction,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,bone disease,adrenal insufficiency,growth hormone dysfunction,and secondary hyperaldosteronism.The optimal tools for diagnosing diabetes and detecting hypoglycemia are the oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system,respectively.Sarcopenia can be assessed through imaging and functional tests,while other endocrine disorders are evaluated using hormonal assays and imaging studies.Treatment options include metformin,glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs,sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,and insulin,which are effective and safe for diabetes control.Established standards are followed for managing hypoglycemia,and hormone replacement therapy is often necessary for other endocrine dysfunctions.Liver transplantation can address some of these problems.展开更多
Purpose:This article explores the implications of publication requirements for the research output of Ukrainian academics in Scopus in 1999-2019.As such it contributes to the existing body of knowledge on quantitative...Purpose:This article explores the implications of publication requirements for the research output of Ukrainian academics in Scopus in 1999-2019.As such it contributes to the existing body of knowledge on quantitative and qualitative effects of research evaluation policies.Design/methodology/approach:Three metrics were chosen to analyse the implications of publication requirements for the quality of research output:publications in predatory journals,publications in local journals and publications per SNIP quartile from the disciplinary perspective.Findings:Study results highlight,that,firstly,publications of Ukrainian authors in predatory journals rose to 1%in 2019.Secondly,the share of publications in local journals reached the peak of 47.3%in 2015.In 2019 it fell to 31.8%.Thirdly,though the total number of publications has risen dramatically since 2011,but the share of Q3+Q4 has exceeded the share of Q1+Q2.To summarise,the study findings highligh,that research evaluation policies are required to contain not only quantitative but also qualitative criteria.Research limitation:The study does not explore in detail the effects of a particular type of publication requirements.Practical implications:The findings of the study have practical implications for policymakers and university managers aimed to develop research evaluation policies.Originality/value:This paper gains insights into the effects of publication requirements on the research output of Ukrainian academics in Scopus.展开更多
Free falling hypersurfaces in the Schwarzschild geometry have been studied to provide a complete foliation of spacetime. The hypersurfaces do not cross into the maximally extended spacetime and are well behaved everyw...Free falling hypersurfaces in the Schwarzschild geometry have been studied to provide a complete foliation of spacetime. The hypersurfaces do not cross into the maximally extended spacetime and are well behaved everywhere except at the singularity r =0 the mean extrinsic curvature becomes infinity.展开更多
Very receat measurements of π+p and K+p elastic seattering at 250GeV/c have been explained by using the generalised Chou-Yang model.Dips are predicted to occur at-t=3.63 and 4.36(GeV/c)^(2) respectively。
Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide prevalence.Genetic causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme obesity.Data sources This narrative review was cond...Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide prevalence.Genetic causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme obesity.Data sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 articles.The search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case reports.Results The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body weight.However,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain unknown.Genetic causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this purpose.There are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric surgery.Conclusions Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.展开更多
文摘Obesity is a major driver of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and its progressive form,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH).As the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise,the burden of MASLD/MASH is increasing,posing significant challenges to healthcare systems.The use of anti-obesity medications(AOMs)in this population is complex due to altered hepatic metabolism,safety concerns,and potential hepatotoxicity.Recent advances in pharmacologic agents,such as glucagon-like peptide1(GLP-1)receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs),dual GLP-1/glucose-gastric inhibitory polypeptide(GIP)agonists,and triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon agonists,have shown promising metabolic effects in the general population.Among these,GLP-1 RAs(e.g.,liraglutide and semaglutide)consistently demonstrate hepatic benefits,including reductions in hepatic steatosis,improvements in liver enzyme profiles,and attenuation of fibrosis progression.Tirzepatide,a dual GLP-1/GIP agonist,has shown superior weight loss effects compared to GLP-1 receptor agonist monotherapy,with emerging but still limited data on hepatic outcomes in MASLD/MASH.Retatrutide,a triple agonist,has produced the most pronounced metabolic effects to date,although its impact on liver histology remains underexplored.Other AOMs,such as bupropion-naltrexone and phentermine-topiramate,require cautious use due to potential hepatotoxicity.Importantly,advanced MASLD may alter drug pharmacokinetics,underscoring the need for individualized therapy and close monitoring.This review provides an updated synthesis of the efficacy and safety of current and emerging AOMs in patients with MASLD/MASH and highlights the urgent need for further research to define optimal pharmacological strategies in this high-risk population.
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disorder marked by chronic hyperglycemia and low-grade inflammation,contributing to various complications.Natural agents with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties have gained attention as adjunct therapies.To review the effects of Allium sativum on inflammatory pathways and metabolic alterations associated with T2DM.A narrative review was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Scielo databases.The search included terms such as“allium sativum”,“inflammation",“oxidative stress”,and“diabetes mellitus”.Studies in English and Spanish-ranging from clinical trials to meta-analyses-were selected based on relevance.Bioactive compounds such as allicin,S-allyl cysteine,and diallyl disulfide exhibit anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hypoglycemic,and lipid-lowering actions.Preclinical studies show improved glucose metabolism,insulin sensitivity,and organ function.Moreover,clinical evidence supports reductions in fasting glucose,hemoglobin A1c,blood pressure,and oxidative stress,with good safety profiles.Allium sativum appears to be a promising adjuvant in T2DM management,offering metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits.Nonetheless,further high-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm its long-term efficacy and standardize its therapeutic use.
文摘Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine system.Chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis disruption.Despite its importance,assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently neglected.This article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment of endocrine disturbances in liver cirrhosis.The review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline,EMBASE,and Scielo databases,encompassing 172 articles.Liver cirrhosis is associated with endocrine disturbances,including diabetes,hypoglycemia,sarcopenia,thyroid dysfunction,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,bone disease,adrenal insufficiency,growth hormone dysfunction,and secondary hyperaldosteronism.The optimal tools for diagnosing diabetes and detecting hypoglycemia are the oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system,respectively.Sarcopenia can be assessed through imaging and functional tests,while other endocrine disorders are evaluated using hormonal assays and imaging studies.Treatment options include metformin,glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs,sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,and insulin,which are effective and safe for diabetes control.Established standards are followed for managing hypoglycemia,and hormone replacement therapy is often necessary for other endocrine dysfunctions.Liver transplantation can address some of these problems.
文摘Purpose:This article explores the implications of publication requirements for the research output of Ukrainian academics in Scopus in 1999-2019.As such it contributes to the existing body of knowledge on quantitative and qualitative effects of research evaluation policies.Design/methodology/approach:Three metrics were chosen to analyse the implications of publication requirements for the quality of research output:publications in predatory journals,publications in local journals and publications per SNIP quartile from the disciplinary perspective.Findings:Study results highlight,that,firstly,publications of Ukrainian authors in predatory journals rose to 1%in 2019.Secondly,the share of publications in local journals reached the peak of 47.3%in 2015.In 2019 it fell to 31.8%.Thirdly,though the total number of publications has risen dramatically since 2011,but the share of Q3+Q4 has exceeded the share of Q1+Q2.To summarise,the study findings highligh,that research evaluation policies are required to contain not only quantitative but also qualitative criteria.Research limitation:The study does not explore in detail the effects of a particular type of publication requirements.Practical implications:The findings of the study have practical implications for policymakers and university managers aimed to develop research evaluation policies.Originality/value:This paper gains insights into the effects of publication requirements on the research output of Ukrainian academics in Scopus.
文摘Free falling hypersurfaces in the Schwarzschild geometry have been studied to provide a complete foliation of spacetime. The hypersurfaces do not cross into the maximally extended spacetime and are well behaved everywhere except at the singularity r =0 the mean extrinsic curvature becomes infinity.
文摘Very receat measurements of π+p and K+p elastic seattering at 250GeV/c have been explained by using the generalised Chou-Yang model.Dips are predicted to occur at-t=3.63 and 4.36(GeV/c)^(2) respectively。
文摘Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide prevalence.Genetic causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme obesity.Data sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 articles.The search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case reports.Results The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body weight.However,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain unknown.Genetic causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this purpose.There are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric surgery.Conclusions Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.
