The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver ...The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver operational improvements, the heightened interconnectivity introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly within military logistics, where mission-critical operations and life-safety concerns are paramount. This paper examines these unique cybersecurity requirements, focusing on advanced persistent threats, supply chain poisoning, and data breaches that could compromise sensitive operations. The study proposes a hybrid cybersecurity framework tailored to military logistics, integrating resilience, redundancy, and cross-jurisdictional security measures. Real-world applicability is validated through simulations, offering strategies for securing supply chains while balancing security, efficiency, and flexibility.展开更多
Rice straw,a by-product of rice cultivation,is commonly disposed of through open-field burning,which contributes to air pollution and environmental degradation.This study aims to identify the key factors influencing f...Rice straw,a by-product of rice cultivation,is commonly disposed of through open-field burning,which contributes to air pollution and environmental degradation.This study aims to identify the key factors influencing farmers’decisions on rice straw management and to develop policy recommendations that encourage the sustainable utilization of rice straw within the supply chain.A mixed-methods approach was adopted,combining qualitative interviews with nine key informants and a quantitative survey of 585 rice farmers across Thailand.Multinomial Logit Regression(MLR)was employed to analyze farmers’preferences among four management options:burning,composting,animal feeding,and selling.The results reveal that membership in farmer groups,ownership of livestock,access to baling machinery,knowledge,and skills related to straw utilization,ease of field access,availability of storage facilities,engagement in integrated farming,and year-round access to baling services significantly increased the likelihood of choosing sustainable alternatives over the burning straw.These findings underscore the importance of both capacity-building and infrastructure in enabling sustainable practices.Based on these insights,the study proposes a multi-level policy framework to enhance the value creation of rice straw.National policies should focus on expanding access to machinery and supporting innovation,while local governments should facilitate farmer training and improve straw logistics.Strengthening farmer organizations and market connections is also crucial for scaling adoption.Overall,structural integration and stakeholder coordination are key to reducing straw burning and promoting sustainable resource use in rice-producing regions.展开更多
With the increasing focus on sustainable development goals,the critical role of reverse logistics in supply chains is becoming more evident.Reverse logistics not only enables resource recovery and reuse but also reduc...With the increasing focus on sustainable development goals,the critical role of reverse logistics in supply chains is becoming more evident.Reverse logistics not only enables resource recovery and reuse but also reduces environmental pollution and enhances economic efficiency.However,existing models face significant challenges related to recovery efficiency,cost control,and supply chain coordination.To address these challenges,this study proposes strategies to improve recovery and reuse efficiency,optimize logistics processes,enhance information sharing and collaboration,and encourage active participation from both businesses and consumers.These measures aim to improve the overall efficiency of reverse logistics and support the achievement of sustainable development goals.展开更多
The M_(S)6.8 Luding earthquake in 2022 is located on the NNW-trending Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe fault with left-lateral strike-slip behavior.This area is where the Xianshuihe,Anninghe,Daliangshan and Longmenshan ...The M_(S)6.8 Luding earthquake in 2022 is located on the NNW-trending Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe fault with left-lateral strike-slip behavior.This area is where the Xianshuihe,Anninghe,Daliangshan and Longmenshan faults intersect.China Earthquake Administration has identified that intersection area,among the Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe fault,the Anninghe fault,the Daliangshan fault and the southern part of the Longmenshan fault,as a high-magnitude earthquake hazard area.According to existing data on the Luding earthquake,including the focal parameters,the spatial distribution of re-located aftershocks,dominated azimuth of the earthquake intensities and earthquake-induced ground fissures,we built a 3D earthquake fault model.We found that two discontinuous NNW-trending vertical strike-slip faults with left stepping were the seismogenic faults of the Luding earthquake.Its coseismic left-lateral dislocation triggered transtensional slips and aftershocks on the NW-trending secondary faults at its northernmost tensile area.Meanwhile,local crustal coseismic shortening on the side of Mt.Gongga triggered the aftershocks on the NE-and NW-trending secondary conjugated strike-slip faults,which were confirmed by GNSS observations and In SAR deformation field around the epicenter.This earthquake rupturing pattern also controlled the spatial distribution of the earthquake intensity IX area and earthquake chain hazards.The Coulomb stress calculation shows that the Luding earthquake increases the risk of high-magnitude earthquake occurrence on the southernmost part of the Xianshuihe fault and the Anninghe fault.Finally,we suggested doing good monitoring of the Anninghe fault and the southernmost part of the Xianshuihe fault and avoiding active faults with seismogenic capacity and areas prone to earthquake-chained hazards during the site selection and planning of reconstruction.展开更多
This paper proposes a blockchain-based system as a secure, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to SWIFT for cross-border remittances. The current SWIFT system faces challenges, including slow settlement times, h...This paper proposes a blockchain-based system as a secure, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to SWIFT for cross-border remittances. The current SWIFT system faces challenges, including slow settlement times, high transaction costs, and vulnerability to fraud. Leveraging blockchain technology’s decentralized, transparent, and immutable nature, the proposed system aims to address these limitations. Key features include modular architecture, implementation of microservices, and advanced cryptographic protocols. The system incorporates Proof of Stake consensus with BLS signatures, smart contract execution with dynamic pricing, and a decentralized oracle network for currency conversion. A sophisticated risk-based authentication system utilizes Bayesian networks and machine learning for enhanced security. Mathematical models are presented for critical components, including transaction validation, currency conversion, and regulatory compliance. Simulations demonstrate potential improvements in transaction speed and costs. However, challenges such as regulatory hurdles, user adoption, scalability, and integration with legacy systems must be addressed. The paper provides a comparative analysis between the proposed blockchain system and SWIFT, highlighting advantages in transaction speed, costs, and security. Mitigation strategies are proposed for key challenges. Recommendations are made for further research into scaling solutions, regulatory frameworks, and user-centric designs. The adoption of blockchain-based remittances could significantly impact the financial sector, potentially disrupting traditional models and promoting financial inclusion in underserved markets. However, successful implementation will require collaboration between blockchain innovators, financial institutions, and regulators to create an enabling environment for this transformative system.展开更多
Due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of online shopping, the offline sales of IKEA Fuzhou have been declining since 2020. Because the cost of distribution warehouse is a major expense for offline c...Due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of online shopping, the offline sales of IKEA Fuzhou have been declining since 2020. Because the cost of distribution warehouse is a major expense for offline chain furniture retailers, and the picking process is a key activity in distribution warehouse operations. To reduce the cost of distribution warehouse and alleviate the survival pressure of the offline chain furniture retailers, this paper focuses on optimizing the picking route of the IKEA Fuzhou distribution warehouse. It starts by creating a two-dimensional coordinate system for the storage location of the distribution warehouse using the traditional S-type picking strategy to calculate the distance and time of the sorting route. Then, the problem of optimizing the picking route is then transformed into the travelling salesman problem (TSP), and picking route optimization model is developed using a genetic algorithm to analyze the sorting efficiency and picking route optimization. Results show that the order-picking route using the genetic algorithm strategy is significantly better than the traditional S-type picking strategy, which can improve overall sorting efficiency and operations, reduce costs, and increase efficiency. Thus, this establishes an implementation process for the order-picking path based on genetic algorithm optimization to improve overall sorting efficiency and operations, reduce costs, increase efficiency, and alleviate the survival pressure of pandemic-affected enterprises.展开更多
Proper meshing of Hy-Vo silent chain and sprocket is important for realizing the transmission of the silent chain with more efficiency and less noise. Based on the study of the meshing theory of the Hy-Vo silent chain...Proper meshing of Hy-Vo silent chain and sprocket is important for realizing the transmission of the silent chain with more efficiency and less noise. Based on the study of the meshing theory of the Hy-Vo silent chain with the sprocket and the roll cutting machining principle of the sprocket with the hob, the proper conditions of the meshing for the Hy-Vo silent chain and the sprocket are put forward with the variable pitch characteristic of the Hy-Vo silent chain taken into consideration, and the proper meshing design method on the condition that the value of the link tooth pressure angle is unequal to the value of the sprocket tooth pressure angle is studied. Experiments show that this new design method is feasible. In addition, the design of the pitch, the sprocket tooth pressure angle and the fillet radius of the sprocket addendum circle are studied. It is crucial for guiding the design of the hob which cuts the Hy-Vo silent chain sprocket.展开更多
The multi-impact characteristics and failure mechanism of two kinds of automotive engine chain made in China are studied through engine assembly and road-drive tests. The worn surface morphologies of rubbing area betw...The multi-impact characteristics and failure mechanism of two kinds of automotive engine chain made in China are studied through engine assembly and road-drive tests. The worn surface morphologies of rubbing area between pin, bush and roller are also analyzed based on scanning electron microscope. The results show that the main wear mechanism of automotive engine chain is fatigue wear, and its failure mechanism is the forming, extending and flaking of cracks on top layer of pin and bush. In addition, the material, hot-treatment method and shaping technique for roller have a great influence upon the resistance to multi-impact. Ensuring sufficient strength and plasticity of roller, as well as adopting suitable shaping technique are the effective method to increase its resistance to multi-impact.展开更多
The high-speed multi-cycle impact and speed, load fluctuant characteristics of a kind of narrow-width automotive engine oil-pump chain 06BN-1 are studied through engine assembly and road-drive tests to satisfy the lig...The high-speed multi-cycle impact and speed, load fluctuant characteristics of a kind of narrow-width automotive engine oil-pump chain 06BN-1 are studied through engine assembly and road-drive tests to satisfy the light-weight demand of engine. The worn surface morphologies of rubbing area between pin, bush and roller are also analyzed based on scanning electron microscope. The results show that the main wear mechanism of automotive engine oil-pump chain is fatigue wear, and it＇s failure mechanism is the forming, extending and flaking of cracks on top layer of pin and bush. Pin and bush both occurred cycle-soften phenomenon, and roller occurred cycle-harden. Fretting wear is one of the most important ＂fall to pieces＂ failure causes of automotive chain. Ensuring sufficient strength and plasticity of roller, as well as adopting suitable shaping technology are the effective methods to increase its resistance to multi-cycle impact.展开更多
Based on the study of the meshing theory of a new silent chain and sprockets, and the rolling cutting theory of sprocket and hob, the harmonious relations of dominating dimensions among the new silent chain, sprocket ...Based on the study of the meshing theory of a new silent chain and sprockets, and the rolling cutting theory of sprocket and hob, the harmonious relations of dominating dimensions among the new silent chain, sprocket and hob is build, the meshing conditions are expatiated, and the resolved expression, which can instruct design and calculation, is educed. The tests show that the meshing design method is feasible.展开更多
Copper has long been utilized as a disinfectant for bacteria,but its impact on microbial communities attached to the steel surface in seawater remains unknown.In the present study,3 mooring chain steels of different c...Copper has long been utilized as a disinfectant for bacteria,but its impact on microbial communities attached to the steel surface in seawater remains unknown.In the present study,3 mooring chain steels of different copper contents are subjected to a 3-month marine field exposure,and the corrosion rate increases in the order of BR5 steel(without copper)<BR5 CuH steel(0.8%copper)<BR5 CuL steel(0.4%copper).The microbial community results show that copper introduction does not result in an obvious change in microbial quantity,but it alters the diversity,richness,and structure of microbial communities due to the variation in copper-resistance of different species.BR5 CuH steel holds microbial communities with the highest percentage of some well-known corrosive microbes including sulfate-reducing bacteria,sulfuroxidizing bacteria,and iron-oxidizing bacteria,but possesses the lowest community diversity/richness owing to the toxicity of copper.The microbial community diversity/richness is stimulated by the low-copper content of BR5 CuL steel,and this steel also carries an intermediate proportion of such corrosive bacteria.Both well-known corrosive bacteria and microbial community diversity/richness seem to be involved in the corrosion acceleration of copper-bearing mooring chain steels.展开更多
During COVID-19,the escalated demand for various pharmaceutical products with the existing production capacity of pharmaceutical companies has stirred the need to prioritize its customers in order to fulfill their dem...During COVID-19,the escalated demand for various pharmaceutical products with the existing production capacity of pharmaceutical companies has stirred the need to prioritize its customers in order to fulfill their demand.This study considers a two-echelon pharmaceutical supply chain considering various pharma-distributors as its suppliers and hospitals,pharmacies,and retail stores as its customers.Previous studies have generally considered a balanced situation in terms of supply and demand whereas this study considers a special situation of COVID-19 pandemic where demand exceeds supply Various criteria have been identified from the literature that influences the selection of customers.A questionnaire has been developed to collect primary data from pharmaceutical suppliers pertaining to customerselection criteria.These criteria have been prioritized with respect to eigenvalues obtained from Principal Component Analysis and also validated with the experts’domain-related knowledge using Analytical Hierarchy Process.Profit potential appeared to be the most important criteria of customer selection followed by trust and service convenience brand loyalty,commitment,brand awareness,brand image,sustainable behavior,and risk.Subsequently,Multi Criteria Decision Analysis has been performed to prioritize the customerselection criteria and customers with respect to selection criteria.Three experts with seven and three and ten years of experience have participated in the study.Findings of the study suggest large hospitals,large pharmacies,and small retail stores are the highly preferred customers.Moreover,findings of prioritization of customer-selection criteria fromboth Principal Component Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process are consistent.Furthermore,this study considers the experience of three experts to calculate an aggregate score of priorities to reach an effective decision.Unlike traditional supply chain problems of supplier selection,this study considers a selection of customers and is useful for procurement and supply chain managers to prioritize customers while considering multiple selection criteria.展开更多
Samsung has been implicitly linked to human rights abuses and wider social downgrading propagated within the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Reports by different studies have shown artisanal cobalt mines (ASM) to ...Samsung has been implicitly linked to human rights abuses and wider social downgrading propagated within the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Reports by different studies have shown artisanal cobalt mines (ASM) to exploit child labour and subject workers to perilous conditions. The IT multinational is dependent upon Congolese cobalt as a key element in lithiumion batteries used to produce their array of electronics. However, irresponsible cobalt sourcing practices undertaken by Tier 1 suppliers, Glencore and Huayou, have resulted in ASM operations being incorporated into Samsung’s global value chain, as Tier 2 suppliers. Analysis of the relationships underpinning Samsung’s cobalt value chain theoretical framework, highlights the presence of a relational governance structure, with captive elements among upstream Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers. Samsung is thereby reliant upon both Glencore and Huayou to transmit and enforce private codes of conduct down the value chain to expel human rights abuses. In conjunction, the DRC’s weak and unstable institutional environment has facilitated corruption and the improper enforcement of laws across the ASM industry. It is thereby imperative that Samsung takes ownership of the issues present within its value chain, as both Tier 1 suppliers and the Congolese government have failed to ensure responsible cobalt sourcing practices to date. This report recommends that Samsung adopt a holistic action plan, not only utilising their own resources and capabilities, but also those of critical stakeholders including Tier 1 suppliers, NGOs and the DRC and South Korean governments. Most prominently, this report suggests that supply chain transparency can be improved using certificates of origin and blockchain technology. Furthermore, it is recommended that poverty alleviation is targeted as a key measure through “Cobalt for Development”, an action plan designed to instigate both social and economic upgrading within ASM operations and the wider community. By employing a multi-scalar approach and addressing the issues inherent across multiple governance levels, Samsung can ensure a responsible source of cobalt be sustained.展开更多
The present paper reports 11 cases of light chain disease (LCD) sequently found in several citles over Fujian province, Immunological classification of this group of LCD ww as follows: six of me cases belonged to type...The present paper reports 11 cases of light chain disease (LCD) sequently found in several citles over Fujian province, Immunological classification of this group of LCD ww as follows: six of me cases belonged to type λ, four of them were type κ, and another one was a double LCD. We found that LCD was common in Fujlan only next to multiple myeloma (MM) of IgG class and accounted for 20% of the total 55 MM cases found in recent yean.It to well known that In matt patients of LCD M protein or Bence Jones proteinemia (BJPemia) to not detectable by conventional electro-phoresis. Our studies show that by making serum protein along with urinary BJP electrophoresis on the same one gel plate the sltuation can be greatly Improved It not only favour* the recognition of smail and faint band or bands of free light chain in serum, but also provides a repid and sensitive way, i. e. , immunofixation, to directly detect urinary light chain on the gel plate Immediately after electrophresis has been run.展开更多
A specific cytotoxic agent against gastric cancer was constructed by covalently coupling the ricin A chain to monoclonal artibody, MGb2. MGb2 was modified by SPDP to introduce the 3-(2-pyridylthio) propionyl radical a...A specific cytotoxic agent against gastric cancer was constructed by covalently coupling the ricin A chain to monoclonal artibody, MGb2. MGb2 was modified by SPDP to introduce the 3-(2-pyridylthio) propionyl radical and then treated with a reduced A chain to give a disulfide linked conjugate that retained the original binding specificity of the antibody moiety. The conjugate obtained retained the activity of the antibody and the biological activity of the A chain well.展开更多
Defined as total productive maintenance carried out by all cooperators in Supply Chain, Total Operational Maintenance (TOM) focuses on adapting to collaborative business environment in virtue of Internet & Intrane...Defined as total productive maintenance carried out by all cooperators in Supply Chain, Total Operational Maintenance (TOM) focuses on adapting to collaborative business environment in virtue of Internet & Intranet. It focuses on the managerial ideology of embedded with Quick Response (QR),Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and Supply Chain. And the theoretical architecture and implementation is also described. It offers emphatically that it is necessary to exceed competitive advantage of the enterprises by optimizing reliability, empowerment and Overall Facilities Effectiveness (OFE) applying TOM together into the strategic improvement plan.展开更多
In intercontinental trade and economics goods are bought from a global supplier.On occasion,the expected lot may include a fraction of defective items.These imperfect items still have worth and can be sold to customer...In intercontinental trade and economics goods are bought from a global supplier.On occasion,the expected lot may include a fraction of defective items.These imperfect items still have worth and can be sold to customers after repair.It is cost-effective and sustainable to rework such items in nearby repair workshops rather than return them.The reworked items can be returned from the workshop to the buyer when shortages are equal to the quantity of imperfect items.In the meantime,the supplier correspondingly deals a multi-period delay-in-payments strategy with purchaser.The entire profit has been maximized with paybacks for interim financing.This study aims to develop a synergic inventory model to get the most profit by making an allowance for reworking,multi-period delay-in-payments policy,and shortages.The findings of the proposed model augment inventory management performance by monitoring cycle time as well as fraction of phase with optimistic inventory for a supply chain.The results demonstrate that profit is smaller if the permitted period given by supplier to buyer is equal to or greater than the cycle time,and profit is greater if the permitted period is smaller than the cycle time.The algebraic method is engaged to make a closed system optimum solution.The mathematical experiment of this study is constructed to provide management insights and tangible practices.展开更多
The growing interest in energy conservation has inspired companies to seek alternatives to highly polluting fuel electricity generation. This study designed an optimised solar wind power generation system to fulfil th...The growing interest in energy conservation has inspired companies to seek alternatives to highly polluting fuel electricity generation. This study designed an optimised solar wind power generation system to fulfil the energy requirement of a cold chain logistics centre. This study first conducted a thorough analysis of the clarity indicators and daily temperature positions of the cold chain logistics centre, determined the average daily electricity demand, and proposed an effective design scheme. The energy simulation software, RETScreen 8.0, was used to determine the scale of solar photovoltaic and wind power projects that meet the expected energy needs of the cold chain logistics centre. The results indicated that the estimated annual total energy demand was 833689.2 kWh. The annual power generation of 6 kW from solar photovoltaic projects and 150 kW from wind power projects was found to be enough to meet the expected electricity demand. Solar photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation account for 2.44% and 97.56%, respectively. The hybrid energy system achieved a 96.6% reduction in carbon emissions and provides a reasonable payback period of 6.1 years and an electricity generation of 904368.674 kWh per year. The feasibility of the project and the calculated period of investment return are very reasonable. Therefore, this hybrid renewable energy system provides reliable power by combining energy sources.展开更多
In reward-based crowdfunding, projects are to disclose the operational risks and mitigation strategies for delivering the physical rewards during the funding phase. However, limited knowledge exists regarding projects...In reward-based crowdfunding, projects are to disclose the operational risks and mitigation strategies for delivering the physical rewards during the funding phase. However, limited knowledge exists regarding projects’ operational risks and mitigation strategies during the funding phase. In contributing to the literature, the study uses data on Kickstarter.com and conducts a content analysis to explore themes and their relationships. The results reveal various operational risks and associated mitigation strategies. Among the identified themes, product-related, contract manufacturers, and supply markets are the most expected risks, while outsourced production and proactive sourcing are the popular mitigation strategies. Also, the finding reveals that proactive sourcing and outsourced production, in-house production and post-campaign sourcing, contract manufacturer risk, and project internal risk are themes forming clusters. The results extend crowdfunding risk disclosure literature and set the tone for future research in crowdfunding operational risk management. Finally, other business implications are drawn for crowdfunding practitioners.展开更多
The elevated refrigeration expenses linked to cold chain distribution contribute to increased overall logistics costs and carbon emissions.Concurrently,the sensitivity of consumers to delivery delays also impacts the ...The elevated refrigeration expenses linked to cold chain distribution contribute to increased overall logistics costs and carbon emissions.Concurrently,the sensitivity of consumers to delivery delays also impacts the design of cold chain distribution operations.This paper considers the logistics costs of cold chain,consumer time loss aversion,and the efficiency of low-carbon distribution to construct a multi-objective cold chain vehicle routing problem.It combines a decomposition-based multi-objective solution algorithm and fruit fly optimization algorithm to solve the proposed model,and validates the algorithm and model through a large number of numerical experiments.Firstly,our computations of the C-metric,IGD value,Hypervolumn,and CPU time demonstrate that the algorithm employed in this study has yielded notable advantages in terms of convergence and the overall performance of the non-dominated solutions.Secondly,we find that increasing logistics satisfaction requires a significant investment in logistics costs,thus requiring a delicate balance between logistics expenditure and service advantages.Finally,we used a typical example to analyze the size of different cost modules in cold chain distribution and find that vehicles can optimize their routes without needing to make extensive diversions to reach distant customers,ultimately leading to reduced fuel consumption and carbon emissions.Besides,the traditional assumption that a higher utilization of logistics vehicles results in increased carbon emissions and fuel usage is not universally valid.Our research contributes to the current balance between cold chain costs and consumer satisfaction in cold chain distribution.Additionally,leveraging multi-objective algorithm design,we provide feasible solutions for current cold chain delivery operations.Further,by incorporating consumer time loss aversion model,we aid in understanding the impact of consumer behavior on the design of cold chain delivery solutions.展开更多
文摘The concept of Supply Chain 4.0 represents a transformative phase in supply chain management through advanced digital technologies like IoT, AI, blockchain, and cyber-physical systems. While these innovations deliver operational improvements, the heightened interconnectivity introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly within military logistics, where mission-critical operations and life-safety concerns are paramount. This paper examines these unique cybersecurity requirements, focusing on advanced persistent threats, supply chain poisoning, and data breaches that could compromise sensitive operations. The study proposes a hybrid cybersecurity framework tailored to military logistics, integrating resilience, redundancy, and cross-jurisdictional security measures. Real-world applicability is validated through simulations, offering strategies for securing supply chains while balancing security, efficiency, and flexibility.
文摘Rice straw,a by-product of rice cultivation,is commonly disposed of through open-field burning,which contributes to air pollution and environmental degradation.This study aims to identify the key factors influencing farmers’decisions on rice straw management and to develop policy recommendations that encourage the sustainable utilization of rice straw within the supply chain.A mixed-methods approach was adopted,combining qualitative interviews with nine key informants and a quantitative survey of 585 rice farmers across Thailand.Multinomial Logit Regression(MLR)was employed to analyze farmers’preferences among four management options:burning,composting,animal feeding,and selling.The results reveal that membership in farmer groups,ownership of livestock,access to baling machinery,knowledge,and skills related to straw utilization,ease of field access,availability of storage facilities,engagement in integrated farming,and year-round access to baling services significantly increased the likelihood of choosing sustainable alternatives over the burning straw.These findings underscore the importance of both capacity-building and infrastructure in enabling sustainable practices.Based on these insights,the study proposes a multi-level policy framework to enhance the value creation of rice straw.National policies should focus on expanding access to machinery and supporting innovation,while local governments should facilitate farmer training and improve straw logistics.Strengthening farmer organizations and market connections is also crucial for scaling adoption.Overall,structural integration and stakeholder coordination are key to reducing straw burning and promoting sustainable resource use in rice-producing regions.
文摘With the increasing focus on sustainable development goals,the critical role of reverse logistics in supply chains is becoming more evident.Reverse logistics not only enables resource recovery and reuse but also reduces environmental pollution and enhances economic efficiency.However,existing models face significant challenges related to recovery efficiency,cost control,and supply chain coordination.To address these challenges,this study proposes strategies to improve recovery and reuse efficiency,optimize logistics processes,enhance information sharing and collaboration,and encourage active participation from both businesses and consumers.These measures aim to improve the overall efficiency of reverse logistics and support the achievement of sustainable development goals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41941016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1839204)。
文摘The M_(S)6.8 Luding earthquake in 2022 is located on the NNW-trending Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe fault with left-lateral strike-slip behavior.This area is where the Xianshuihe,Anninghe,Daliangshan and Longmenshan faults intersect.China Earthquake Administration has identified that intersection area,among the Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe fault,the Anninghe fault,the Daliangshan fault and the southern part of the Longmenshan fault,as a high-magnitude earthquake hazard area.According to existing data on the Luding earthquake,including the focal parameters,the spatial distribution of re-located aftershocks,dominated azimuth of the earthquake intensities and earthquake-induced ground fissures,we built a 3D earthquake fault model.We found that two discontinuous NNW-trending vertical strike-slip faults with left stepping were the seismogenic faults of the Luding earthquake.Its coseismic left-lateral dislocation triggered transtensional slips and aftershocks on the NW-trending secondary faults at its northernmost tensile area.Meanwhile,local crustal coseismic shortening on the side of Mt.Gongga triggered the aftershocks on the NE-and NW-trending secondary conjugated strike-slip faults,which were confirmed by GNSS observations and In SAR deformation field around the epicenter.This earthquake rupturing pattern also controlled the spatial distribution of the earthquake intensity IX area and earthquake chain hazards.The Coulomb stress calculation shows that the Luding earthquake increases the risk of high-magnitude earthquake occurrence on the southernmost part of the Xianshuihe fault and the Anninghe fault.Finally,we suggested doing good monitoring of the Anninghe fault and the southernmost part of the Xianshuihe fault and avoiding active faults with seismogenic capacity and areas prone to earthquake-chained hazards during the site selection and planning of reconstruction.
文摘This paper proposes a blockchain-based system as a secure, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to SWIFT for cross-border remittances. The current SWIFT system faces challenges, including slow settlement times, high transaction costs, and vulnerability to fraud. Leveraging blockchain technology’s decentralized, transparent, and immutable nature, the proposed system aims to address these limitations. Key features include modular architecture, implementation of microservices, and advanced cryptographic protocols. The system incorporates Proof of Stake consensus with BLS signatures, smart contract execution with dynamic pricing, and a decentralized oracle network for currency conversion. A sophisticated risk-based authentication system utilizes Bayesian networks and machine learning for enhanced security. Mathematical models are presented for critical components, including transaction validation, currency conversion, and regulatory compliance. Simulations demonstrate potential improvements in transaction speed and costs. However, challenges such as regulatory hurdles, user adoption, scalability, and integration with legacy systems must be addressed. The paper provides a comparative analysis between the proposed blockchain system and SWIFT, highlighting advantages in transaction speed, costs, and security. Mitigation strategies are proposed for key challenges. Recommendations are made for further research into scaling solutions, regulatory frameworks, and user-centric designs. The adoption of blockchain-based remittances could significantly impact the financial sector, potentially disrupting traditional models and promoting financial inclusion in underserved markets. However, successful implementation will require collaboration between blockchain innovators, financial institutions, and regulators to create an enabling environment for this transformative system.
文摘Due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise of online shopping, the offline sales of IKEA Fuzhou have been declining since 2020. Because the cost of distribution warehouse is a major expense for offline chain furniture retailers, and the picking process is a key activity in distribution warehouse operations. To reduce the cost of distribution warehouse and alleviate the survival pressure of the offline chain furniture retailers, this paper focuses on optimizing the picking route of the IKEA Fuzhou distribution warehouse. It starts by creating a two-dimensional coordinate system for the storage location of the distribution warehouse using the traditional S-type picking strategy to calculate the distance and time of the sorting route. Then, the problem of optimizing the picking route is then transformed into the travelling salesman problem (TSP), and picking route optimization model is developed using a genetic algorithm to analyze the sorting efficiency and picking route optimization. Results show that the order-picking route using the genetic algorithm strategy is significantly better than the traditional S-type picking strategy, which can improve overall sorting efficiency and operations, reduce costs, and increase efficiency. Thus, this establishes an implementation process for the order-picking path based on genetic algorithm optimization to improve overall sorting efficiency and operations, reduce costs, increase efficiency, and alleviate the survival pressure of pandemic-affected enterprises.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50575089).
文摘Proper meshing of Hy-Vo silent chain and sprocket is important for realizing the transmission of the silent chain with more efficiency and less noise. Based on the study of the meshing theory of the Hy-Vo silent chain with the sprocket and the roll cutting machining principle of the sprocket with the hob, the proper conditions of the meshing for the Hy-Vo silent chain and the sprocket are put forward with the variable pitch characteristic of the Hy-Vo silent chain taken into consideration, and the proper meshing design method on the condition that the value of the link tooth pressure angle is unequal to the value of the sprocket tooth pressure angle is studied. Experiments show that this new design method is feasible. In addition, the design of the pitch, the sprocket tooth pressure angle and the fillet radius of the sprocket addendum circle are studied. It is crucial for guiding the design of the hob which cuts the Hy-Vo silent chain sprocket.
基金This project is supported by National Innovation Foundation for TechnologyBased Firms, China (No.01C26213300872).
文摘The multi-impact characteristics and failure mechanism of two kinds of automotive engine chain made in China are studied through engine assembly and road-drive tests. The worn surface morphologies of rubbing area between pin, bush and roller are also analyzed based on scanning electron microscope. The results show that the main wear mechanism of automotive engine chain is fatigue wear, and its failure mechanism is the forming, extending and flaking of cracks on top layer of pin and bush. In addition, the material, hot-treatment method and shaping technique for roller have a great influence upon the resistance to multi-impact. Ensuring sufficient strength and plasticity of roller, as well as adopting suitable shaping technique are the effective method to increase its resistance to multi-impact.
基金This project is supported by National Innovation Foundation for Technology Based Firms, China (No. 01C26213300872)
文摘The high-speed multi-cycle impact and speed, load fluctuant characteristics of a kind of narrow-width automotive engine oil-pump chain 06BN-1 are studied through engine assembly and road-drive tests to satisfy the light-weight demand of engine. The worn surface morphologies of rubbing area between pin, bush and roller are also analyzed based on scanning electron microscope. The results show that the main wear mechanism of automotive engine oil-pump chain is fatigue wear, and it＇s failure mechanism is the forming, extending and flaking of cracks on top layer of pin and bush. Pin and bush both occurred cycle-soften phenomenon, and roller occurred cycle-harden. Fretting wear is one of the most important ＂fall to pieces＂ failure causes of automotive chain. Ensuring sufficient strength and plasticity of roller, as well as adopting suitable shaping technology are the effective methods to increase its resistance to multi-cycle impact.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50275062)National Machine Industry Technique Development Foundation of China(No.99JA0002).
文摘Based on the study of the meshing theory of a new silent chain and sprockets, and the rolling cutting theory of sprocket and hob, the harmonious relations of dominating dimensions among the new silent chain, sprocket and hob is build, the meshing conditions are expatiated, and the resolved expression, which can instruct design and calculation, is educed. The tests show that the meshing design method is feasible.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41806087,51771180)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0300604)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2018GGX104021)the Basic Scientific Research Program of Nantong(No.JCZ18136)the Ao Shan Talents Cultivation Program supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2017ASTCP-ES02)
文摘Copper has long been utilized as a disinfectant for bacteria,but its impact on microbial communities attached to the steel surface in seawater remains unknown.In the present study,3 mooring chain steels of different copper contents are subjected to a 3-month marine field exposure,and the corrosion rate increases in the order of BR5 steel(without copper)<BR5 CuH steel(0.8%copper)<BR5 CuL steel(0.4%copper).The microbial community results show that copper introduction does not result in an obvious change in microbial quantity,but it alters the diversity,richness,and structure of microbial communities due to the variation in copper-resistance of different species.BR5 CuH steel holds microbial communities with the highest percentage of some well-known corrosive microbes including sulfate-reducing bacteria,sulfuroxidizing bacteria,and iron-oxidizing bacteria,but possesses the lowest community diversity/richness owing to the toxicity of copper.The microbial community diversity/richness is stimulated by the low-copper content of BR5 CuL steel,and this steel also carries an intermediate proportion of such corrosive bacteria.Both well-known corrosive bacteria and microbial community diversity/richness seem to be involved in the corrosion acceleration of copper-bearing mooring chain steels.
基金The research of Yunyoung Nam is supported by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(P0012724,The Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist)and the Soonchunhyang University Research FundThis work was supported by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number(TURSP-2020/79),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘During COVID-19,the escalated demand for various pharmaceutical products with the existing production capacity of pharmaceutical companies has stirred the need to prioritize its customers in order to fulfill their demand.This study considers a two-echelon pharmaceutical supply chain considering various pharma-distributors as its suppliers and hospitals,pharmacies,and retail stores as its customers.Previous studies have generally considered a balanced situation in terms of supply and demand whereas this study considers a special situation of COVID-19 pandemic where demand exceeds supply Various criteria have been identified from the literature that influences the selection of customers.A questionnaire has been developed to collect primary data from pharmaceutical suppliers pertaining to customerselection criteria.These criteria have been prioritized with respect to eigenvalues obtained from Principal Component Analysis and also validated with the experts’domain-related knowledge using Analytical Hierarchy Process.Profit potential appeared to be the most important criteria of customer selection followed by trust and service convenience brand loyalty,commitment,brand awareness,brand image,sustainable behavior,and risk.Subsequently,Multi Criteria Decision Analysis has been performed to prioritize the customerselection criteria and customers with respect to selection criteria.Three experts with seven and three and ten years of experience have participated in the study.Findings of the study suggest large hospitals,large pharmacies,and small retail stores are the highly preferred customers.Moreover,findings of prioritization of customer-selection criteria fromboth Principal Component Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process are consistent.Furthermore,this study considers the experience of three experts to calculate an aggregate score of priorities to reach an effective decision.Unlike traditional supply chain problems of supplier selection,this study considers a selection of customers and is useful for procurement and supply chain managers to prioritize customers while considering multiple selection criteria.
文摘Samsung has been implicitly linked to human rights abuses and wider social downgrading propagated within the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Reports by different studies have shown artisanal cobalt mines (ASM) to exploit child labour and subject workers to perilous conditions. The IT multinational is dependent upon Congolese cobalt as a key element in lithiumion batteries used to produce their array of electronics. However, irresponsible cobalt sourcing practices undertaken by Tier 1 suppliers, Glencore and Huayou, have resulted in ASM operations being incorporated into Samsung’s global value chain, as Tier 2 suppliers. Analysis of the relationships underpinning Samsung’s cobalt value chain theoretical framework, highlights the presence of a relational governance structure, with captive elements among upstream Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers. Samsung is thereby reliant upon both Glencore and Huayou to transmit and enforce private codes of conduct down the value chain to expel human rights abuses. In conjunction, the DRC’s weak and unstable institutional environment has facilitated corruption and the improper enforcement of laws across the ASM industry. It is thereby imperative that Samsung takes ownership of the issues present within its value chain, as both Tier 1 suppliers and the Congolese government have failed to ensure responsible cobalt sourcing practices to date. This report recommends that Samsung adopt a holistic action plan, not only utilising their own resources and capabilities, but also those of critical stakeholders including Tier 1 suppliers, NGOs and the DRC and South Korean governments. Most prominently, this report suggests that supply chain transparency can be improved using certificates of origin and blockchain technology. Furthermore, it is recommended that poverty alleviation is targeted as a key measure through “Cobalt for Development”, an action plan designed to instigate both social and economic upgrading within ASM operations and the wider community. By employing a multi-scalar approach and addressing the issues inherent across multiple governance levels, Samsung can ensure a responsible source of cobalt be sustained.
文摘The present paper reports 11 cases of light chain disease (LCD) sequently found in several citles over Fujian province, Immunological classification of this group of LCD ww as follows: six of me cases belonged to type λ, four of them were type κ, and another one was a double LCD. We found that LCD was common in Fujlan only next to multiple myeloma (MM) of IgG class and accounted for 20% of the total 55 MM cases found in recent yean.It to well known that In matt patients of LCD M protein or Bence Jones proteinemia (BJPemia) to not detectable by conventional electro-phoresis. Our studies show that by making serum protein along with urinary BJP electrophoresis on the same one gel plate the sltuation can be greatly Improved It not only favour* the recognition of smail and faint band or bands of free light chain in serum, but also provides a repid and sensitive way, i. e. , immunofixation, to directly detect urinary light chain on the gel plate Immediately after electrophresis has been run.
文摘A specific cytotoxic agent against gastric cancer was constructed by covalently coupling the ricin A chain to monoclonal artibody, MGb2. MGb2 was modified by SPDP to introduce the 3-(2-pyridylthio) propionyl radical and then treated with a reduced A chain to give a disulfide linked conjugate that retained the original binding specificity of the antibody moiety. The conjugate obtained retained the activity of the antibody and the biological activity of the A chain well.
文摘Defined as total productive maintenance carried out by all cooperators in Supply Chain, Total Operational Maintenance (TOM) focuses on adapting to collaborative business environment in virtue of Internet & Intranet. It focuses on the managerial ideology of embedded with Quick Response (QR),Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and Supply Chain. And the theoretical architecture and implementation is also described. It offers emphatically that it is necessary to exceed competitive advantage of the enterprises by optimizing reliability, empowerment and Overall Facilities Effectiveness (OFE) applying TOM together into the strategic improvement plan.
文摘In intercontinental trade and economics goods are bought from a global supplier.On occasion,the expected lot may include a fraction of defective items.These imperfect items still have worth and can be sold to customers after repair.It is cost-effective and sustainable to rework such items in nearby repair workshops rather than return them.The reworked items can be returned from the workshop to the buyer when shortages are equal to the quantity of imperfect items.In the meantime,the supplier correspondingly deals a multi-period delay-in-payments strategy with purchaser.The entire profit has been maximized with paybacks for interim financing.This study aims to develop a synergic inventory model to get the most profit by making an allowance for reworking,multi-period delay-in-payments policy,and shortages.The findings of the proposed model augment inventory management performance by monitoring cycle time as well as fraction of phase with optimistic inventory for a supply chain.The results demonstrate that profit is smaller if the permitted period given by supplier to buyer is equal to or greater than the cycle time,and profit is greater if the permitted period is smaller than the cycle time.The algebraic method is engaged to make a closed system optimum solution.The mathematical experiment of this study is constructed to provide management insights and tangible practices.
文摘The growing interest in energy conservation has inspired companies to seek alternatives to highly polluting fuel electricity generation. This study designed an optimised solar wind power generation system to fulfil the energy requirement of a cold chain logistics centre. This study first conducted a thorough analysis of the clarity indicators and daily temperature positions of the cold chain logistics centre, determined the average daily electricity demand, and proposed an effective design scheme. The energy simulation software, RETScreen 8.0, was used to determine the scale of solar photovoltaic and wind power projects that meet the expected energy needs of the cold chain logistics centre. The results indicated that the estimated annual total energy demand was 833689.2 kWh. The annual power generation of 6 kW from solar photovoltaic projects and 150 kW from wind power projects was found to be enough to meet the expected electricity demand. Solar photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation account for 2.44% and 97.56%, respectively. The hybrid energy system achieved a 96.6% reduction in carbon emissions and provides a reasonable payback period of 6.1 years and an electricity generation of 904368.674 kWh per year. The feasibility of the project and the calculated period of investment return are very reasonable. Therefore, this hybrid renewable energy system provides reliable power by combining energy sources.
文摘In reward-based crowdfunding, projects are to disclose the operational risks and mitigation strategies for delivering the physical rewards during the funding phase. However, limited knowledge exists regarding projects’ operational risks and mitigation strategies during the funding phase. In contributing to the literature, the study uses data on Kickstarter.com and conducts a content analysis to explore themes and their relationships. The results reveal various operational risks and associated mitigation strategies. Among the identified themes, product-related, contract manufacturers, and supply markets are the most expected risks, while outsourced production and proactive sourcing are the popular mitigation strategies. Also, the finding reveals that proactive sourcing and outsourced production, in-house production and post-campaign sourcing, contract manufacturer risk, and project internal risk are themes forming clusters. The results extend crowdfunding risk disclosure literature and set the tone for future research in crowdfunding operational risk management. Finally, other business implications are drawn for crowdfunding practitioners.
基金Supported by Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students(2022BKY110)。
文摘The elevated refrigeration expenses linked to cold chain distribution contribute to increased overall logistics costs and carbon emissions.Concurrently,the sensitivity of consumers to delivery delays also impacts the design of cold chain distribution operations.This paper considers the logistics costs of cold chain,consumer time loss aversion,and the efficiency of low-carbon distribution to construct a multi-objective cold chain vehicle routing problem.It combines a decomposition-based multi-objective solution algorithm and fruit fly optimization algorithm to solve the proposed model,and validates the algorithm and model through a large number of numerical experiments.Firstly,our computations of the C-metric,IGD value,Hypervolumn,and CPU time demonstrate that the algorithm employed in this study has yielded notable advantages in terms of convergence and the overall performance of the non-dominated solutions.Secondly,we find that increasing logistics satisfaction requires a significant investment in logistics costs,thus requiring a delicate balance between logistics expenditure and service advantages.Finally,we used a typical example to analyze the size of different cost modules in cold chain distribution and find that vehicles can optimize their routes without needing to make extensive diversions to reach distant customers,ultimately leading to reduced fuel consumption and carbon emissions.Besides,the traditional assumption that a higher utilization of logistics vehicles results in increased carbon emissions and fuel usage is not universally valid.Our research contributes to the current balance between cold chain costs and consumer satisfaction in cold chain distribution.Additionally,leveraging multi-objective algorithm design,we provide feasible solutions for current cold chain delivery operations.Further,by incorporating consumer time loss aversion model,we aid in understanding the impact of consumer behavior on the design of cold chain delivery solutions.
