The evolution of terminology in a given field of science and technology is a good indicator of the context in which inventions originated and how concepts have evolved.This is the case of photogrammetry,remote sensing...The evolution of terminology in a given field of science and technology is a good indicator of the context in which inventions originated and how concepts have evolved.This is the case of photogrammetry,remote sensing and related methods,whose terminology evolved,first under the influence of the early inventors Laussedat and Meydenbauer,in French and German,respectively,and then in English and other languages as an international professional community developed.The development of space remote sensing and analytical photogrammetry led to the modification of old concepts and the renewal of terminology,and more recently,the advent of digital photography has blurred the boundaries between different fields and the meaning of the terms.This article proposes an analysis of the evolution of technical terms through the Google Ngram Viewer tool,which allows the visualization of the occurrence of terms in documents accessible on the web.Despite its biases,this tool allows an interpretation of the evolution of the terminology over a long period of time,as well as a comparison of the evolution observed in the different languages.In particular,it makes it possible to highlight the periods when these methods were very popular,as well as a recent decline in the use of classical terms such as photogrammetry and remote sensing in favor of a new vocabulary,due to the blurring of boundaries between disciplines and to the emergence of new solutions related to UAVs,computer vision,etc.,which have renewed the potential of classical methods.展开更多
In irrigation schemes under rotational water supply in semiarid region, the water allocation and irrigation scheduling are often based on a fixed-area proportionate water depth with every irrigation cycle irrespective...In irrigation schemes under rotational water supply in semiarid region, the water allocation and irrigation scheduling are often based on a fixed-area proportionate water depth with every irrigation cycle irrespective of crops and their growth stages, for an equitable water supply. An experiment was conducted during the 2004- 2005 season in Haouz irrigated area in Morocco, which objective was i) to evaluate the effects of the surface irrigation scheduling method (existing rule) adopted by the irrigation agency on winter wheat production compared to a full irrigation method and ii) to evaluate drip irrigation versus surface irrigation impacts on water saving and yield of winter wheat. The methodology was based on the FAO-56 dual approach for the surface irrigation scheduling. Ground measurements of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to derive the basal crop coefficient and the vegetation fraction cover. The simple FAO-56 approach was used for drip irrigation scheduling. For surface irrigation, the existing rule approach resulted in yield and WUE reductions of 22% and 15%, respectively, compared with the optimized irrigation scheduling proposed by the FAO-56 for full irrigation treatment. This revealed the negative effects of the irrigation schedules adopted in irrigation schemes under rotational water supply on crops productivity. It was also demon-strated that drip irrigation applied to wheat was more efficient with 20% of water saving in comparison with surface irrigation (full irrigation treatment). Drip irrigation gives also higher wheat yield compared to surface irrigation (+28% and +52% for full irrigation and existing rule treatments respectively). The same improvement was observed for water use efficiency (+24 and +59% respectively).展开更多
In continental and oceanic conditions, clay-rich deposits are characterised by the development of polygonal fracture systems（PFS）. PFS can increase the vertical permeability of clay-rich deposits（mean permeability ...In continental and oceanic conditions, clay-rich deposits are characterised by the development of polygonal fracture systems（PFS）. PFS can increase the vertical permeability of clay-rich deposits（mean permeability ≤10-16 m2） and are pathways for fluids. On continents, the width of PFS ranges from centimeters to hundreds of meters, while in oceanic contexts they are up to a few kilometers large. These structures are linked to water-solid separation during deposition, consolidation and complete fluid squeeze of the clay horizon. During the last few decades, modeling of melt migration in partially molten plastic rocks led to rigorous quantifications of two-phase flows with a particular emphasis on 2D and 3D induced flow structures. The numerical modeling shows that the melt migrates on distances almost equal to a few times the compaction length L that depends on permeability and viscosity. Consequently, polygonal structures in partially molten plastic rocks are resulted from the melt-rock separation and their sizes are proportional to L. Applying these results to fluid-solid separation in clay-rich horizons, we show that（1） centimetric to kilometric PFS are resulted from the dramatic increase of L during compaction and（2）, this process involves agglomerates with 100 μm to 1 mm size.展开更多
In arid and semi-arid stream-dominated systems,the temporal variability in groundwater recharge has not been widely addressed.Various questions remain about the sources of groundwater recharge,its patterns,and the app...In arid and semi-arid stream-dominated systems,the temporal variability in groundwater recharge has not been widely addressed.Various questions remain about the sources of groundwater recharge,its patterns,and the appropriate measuring techniques.Hence,the main objective of the present study was to assess the changes that might affect the pattern of groundwater recharge under wetter than normal surface water availability.Therefore,the groundwater depth was monitored near a semi-arid Mediterranean intermittent stream on the piedmont of the High Atlas Mountains in the mountain catchment of the Wadi Rheraya over two hydrological years(2014-2016)with different climate conditions:extreme wet and normal conditions.Groundwater recharge was assessed using the episodic master recession algorithm.During the two years,the pattern of groundwater recharge was dominated by episodic events and by a high seasonality from wet seasons to dry seasons.In the wet year(2014-2015),the highest groundwater recharge was recorded following an extreme flood,which deeply replenished groundwater.Furthermore,an exceptional steady state of the groundwater depth was induced by a steady groundwater recharge rate.For several groundwater recharge events,the assessed recharge had multiple sources,mainly from streamflow at the local scale,but possibly from precipitation,underflow,deep percolation or irrigation return from the upstream part of the catchment.Local recharge by streamflow was likely to be short-lived,and lateral recharge was likely to last longer.Consequently,the episodic master recession algorithm estimated the total groundwater recharge that could encompass various sources.In the future,more studies and multidisciplinary approaches should be carried out to partition these sources and determine their specific contributions.In semi-arid stream-dominated systems,different groundwater recharge patterns induced by extreme hydrological events(e.g.,wet events)and various potential sources of groundwater recharge should be considered when assessing and predicting groundwater recharge.展开更多
The objective of this study is to improve the performance of semi-empirical radar backscatter models, which are mainly used in microwave remote sensing (Oh 1992, Oh 2004 and Dubois). The study is based on satellite an...The objective of this study is to improve the performance of semi-empirical radar backscatter models, which are mainly used in microwave remote sensing (Oh 1992, Oh 2004 and Dubois). The study is based on satellite and ground data collected on bare soil surfaces during the Multispectral Crop Monitoring experimental campaign of the CESBIO laboratory in 2010 over an agricultural region in southwestern France. The dataset covers a wide range of soil (viewing top soil moisture, surface roughness and texture) and satellite (at different frequencies: X-, C- and L-bands, and different incidence angles: 24.3° to 53.3°) configurations. The proposed methodology consists in identifying and correcting the residues of the models, depending on the surface properties (roughness, moisture, texture) and/or sensor characteristics (frequency, incidence angle). Finally, one model has been retained for each frequency domain. Results show that the enhancements of the models significantly increase the simulation performances. The coefficient of correlation increases of 23% in mean and the simulation errors (RMSE) are reduced to below 2 dB (at the X and C-bands) and to 1 dB at the L-band, compared to the initial models. At the X- and C-bands, the best performances of the modified models are provided by Dubois, whereas Oh 2004 is more suitable for the L-band (r is equal to 0.69, 0.65 and 0.85). Moreover, the modified models of Oh 1992 and 2004 and Dubois, developed in this study, offer a wider domain of validity than the initial formalism and increase the capabilities of retrieving the backscattering signal in view of applications of such approaches to stronglycontrasted agricultural surface states.展开更多
The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of three different satellite signals (interferometric coherence (γ), backscattering coefficient (σ<sup>0</sup>) and NDVI) to corn biophysical pa...The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of three different satellite signals (interferometric coherence (γ), backscattering coefficient (σ<sup>0</sup>) and NDVI) to corn biophysical parameters (leaf area index, height, biomass and water content) throughout its entire vegetation cycle. All of the satellite and in situ data were collected during the Multi-spectral Crop Monitoring (MCM’10) experiment conducted in 2010 by the CESBIO Laboratory over eight different agricultural sites located in southwestern France. The results demonstrated that the NDVI is well adapted for leaf area index monitoring, whereas γ<sub>27.3°</sub> is much more suited to the estimation of the three other Biophysical Parameters throughout the entire crop cycle, with a coefficient of determination ranging from 0.83 to 0.99, using non-linear relationships. Moreover, contrary to the use of the NDVI or backscattering coefficients, the use of coherence exhibited a low sensitivity to the changes in vegetation and soil moisture occurring during senescence, offering interesting perspectives in the domain of applied remote sensing展开更多
The two vegetation transfer parameters ofτ(Vegetation Optical Depth,VOD)andω(Omega)could vary significantly across microwave channels in terms of frequencies,polarizations,and incidence angles,and their channel-depe...The two vegetation transfer parameters ofτ(Vegetation Optical Depth,VOD)andω(Omega)could vary significantly across microwave channels in terms of frequencies,polarizations,and incidence angles,and their channel-dependent characteristics have not yet been fully investigated.In this study,we investigate the channel dependence of vegetation effects on microwave emissions from soils using a higher-order vegetation radiative transfer model of Tor Vergata.Corn was selected as the subject of investigation,and a corn growth model was developed utilizing field data collected from the multifrequency and multi-angular ground-based microwave radiation experiment from the Soil Moisture Experiment in the Luan River(SMELR).Upon compilation of the simulation dataset of microwave emissions of the corn field,the effective scattering albedo across different channels were calculated using the Tor Vergata model.Results show that vertical polarization of the vegetation optical depth is more affected by incidence angle changes,while horizontal polarization exhibits lower variations in vegetation optical depth due to incidence angle adjustments.The channel dependence of vegetation optical depth can be described as the polarization dependence parameter(CP)and the frequency dependence parameter(Cf).These two parameters enable the calculation of vegetation optical depth at any channel under three adjacent frequencies(L-band,C-band and X-band).The effective scattering albedo of vegetation does not vary significantly with vegetation height or angle.It primarily depends on frequency and polarization,showing an overall increasing trend with increasing frequency.The effective scattering albedo with vertical polarization is slightly higher than that with horizontal polarization at higher frequencies,while both are lower in the L-band.This investigation is helpful for understanding the vegetation effects on microwave emissions from soils,ultimately advancing the accuracy of large-scale soil moisture retrieval in vegetated areas.展开更多
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)-Terra surface reflectance product(MOD09A1),with bands 1 to 7,is a gridded,eight-day composite product derived from the MODIS-Terra top of atmosphere reflectance...The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)-Terra surface reflectance product(MOD09A1),with bands 1 to 7,is a gridded,eight-day composite product derived from the MODIS-Terra top of atmosphere reflectance swaths.It performs cloud detection and corrects for the effects of atmospheric gases and aerosols.The cloud mask(CM)algorithms for MODIS are based on empirical thresholds on spectral reflectance and brightness temperature.Since the spatial resolution of the thermal band is 1000 m,while that of MOD09A1 is 500 m,many undetected and false clouds are observed in MOD09A1.These errors always result in temporal and spatial inconsistencies in higher-level products.In this paper,a cloud detection algorithm(TSCD)based on a MOD09A1 time series is introduced.Time series cloud detection(TSCD)algorithm is based on the relative stability of ground reflectance and the sudden variations in reflectance that result from cloud cover.The algorithm first searches the clear-sky reference data,and then discriminates clouded and unclouded pixels by detecting a sudden change of reflectance in the blue wavelength and spectral correlation coefficient at the pixel level.Compared with cloud cover assessments obtained from MODIS’original CM,TSCD provides similar or better discrimination in most situations when the land surface changes slowly.展开更多
Remote sensing(RS)is a fast-growing emerging interdisciplinary field focused on observing our planet and living environment.The number of publications in this field increases dramatically from about 921 documents in 1...Remote sensing(RS)is a fast-growing emerging interdisciplinary field focused on observing our planet and living environment.The number of publications in this field increases dramatically from about 921 documents in 1999 to 8,242 documents in 2019 according to the records in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-EXPANDED)database.While there are many journals publishing new developments in RS,the space is still limited to cover the thousands of exciting articles each year to document the advancement in both RS science and technology.This journal,supported by the Science Partner Journal program,with editorial board members composed of internationally renowned scientists,is aimed at providing a new space to publish high-quality,online-only papers on RS theory,science,techniques,and applications that are related to the Earth systems.More importantly,unlike many RS journals where financial profit is also one of the main goals,this journal is solely focused on the communication and distribution of knowledge in RS.Articles are free to publish through June 2023 and will always be free to read for everyone.Authors are also strongly encouraged to deposit the data that supports their research in a trusted repository that supports the FAIR principles.We will strive hard to best serve the RS community.展开更多
Introduction of JRS.Remote sensing technology,which emerged in the 1960s,is an increasingly used support for understanding Earth’s past,present,and future and opened a new chapter for humankind to explore Earth[1].
文摘The evolution of terminology in a given field of science and technology is a good indicator of the context in which inventions originated and how concepts have evolved.This is the case of photogrammetry,remote sensing and related methods,whose terminology evolved,first under the influence of the early inventors Laussedat and Meydenbauer,in French and German,respectively,and then in English and other languages as an international professional community developed.The development of space remote sensing and analytical photogrammetry led to the modification of old concepts and the renewal of terminology,and more recently,the advent of digital photography has blurred the boundaries between different fields and the meaning of the terms.This article proposes an analysis of the evolution of technical terms through the Google Ngram Viewer tool,which allows the visualization of the occurrence of terms in documents accessible on the web.Despite its biases,this tool allows an interpretation of the evolution of the terminology over a long period of time,as well as a comparison of the evolution observed in the different languages.In particular,it makes it possible to highlight the periods when these methods were very popular,as well as a recent decline in the use of classical terms such as photogrammetry and remote sensing in favor of a new vocabulary,due to the blurring of boundaries between disciplines and to the emergence of new solutions related to UAVs,computer vision,etc.,which have renewed the potential of classical methods.
文摘In irrigation schemes under rotational water supply in semiarid region, the water allocation and irrigation scheduling are often based on a fixed-area proportionate water depth with every irrigation cycle irrespective of crops and their growth stages, for an equitable water supply. An experiment was conducted during the 2004- 2005 season in Haouz irrigated area in Morocco, which objective was i) to evaluate the effects of the surface irrigation scheduling method (existing rule) adopted by the irrigation agency on winter wheat production compared to a full irrigation method and ii) to evaluate drip irrigation versus surface irrigation impacts on water saving and yield of winter wheat. The methodology was based on the FAO-56 dual approach for the surface irrigation scheduling. Ground measurements of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to derive the basal crop coefficient and the vegetation fraction cover. The simple FAO-56 approach was used for drip irrigation scheduling. For surface irrigation, the existing rule approach resulted in yield and WUE reductions of 22% and 15%, respectively, compared with the optimized irrigation scheduling proposed by the FAO-56 for full irrigation treatment. This revealed the negative effects of the irrigation schedules adopted in irrigation schemes under rotational water supply on crops productivity. It was also demon-strated that drip irrigation applied to wheat was more efficient with 20% of water saving in comparison with surface irrigation (full irrigation treatment). Drip irrigation gives also higher wheat yield compared to surface irrigation (+28% and +52% for full irrigation and existing rule treatments respectively). The same improvement was observed for water use efficiency (+24 and +59% respectively).
基金support by the French Space Agency CNES,PNP(Programme National de Planétologie)TOSCA(Terre,Océan,Surfaces Continentales,Atmosphère)
文摘In continental and oceanic conditions, clay-rich deposits are characterised by the development of polygonal fracture systems（PFS）. PFS can increase the vertical permeability of clay-rich deposits（mean permeability ≤10-16 m2） and are pathways for fluids. On continents, the width of PFS ranges from centimeters to hundreds of meters, while in oceanic contexts they are up to a few kilometers large. These structures are linked to water-solid separation during deposition, consolidation and complete fluid squeeze of the clay horizon. During the last few decades, modeling of melt migration in partially molten plastic rocks led to rigorous quantifications of two-phase flows with a particular emphasis on 2D and 3D induced flow structures. The numerical modeling shows that the melt migrates on distances almost equal to a few times the compaction length L that depends on permeability and viscosity. Consequently, polygonal structures in partially molten plastic rocks are resulted from the melt-rock separation and their sizes are proportional to L. Applying these results to fluid-solid separation in clay-rich horizons, we show that（1） centimetric to kilometric PFS are resulted from the dramatic increase of L during compaction and（2）, this process involves agglomerates with 100 μm to 1 mm size.
基金supported by the projects SAGESSE-Decision Support System for Water Resources Management(Priority Projects of Scientific Research and Technological Development PPR Type B/2015/48,2016–2021)CHAAMS-Global Change:Assessment and Adaptation to Mediterranean Region Water Scarcity(ERANETMED3-062,2017–2022)ALTOS-Managing Water Resources within Mediterranean Agrosystems by accounting for Spatial Structures and Connectivities(PRIMA-S2,2020–2023)
文摘In arid and semi-arid stream-dominated systems,the temporal variability in groundwater recharge has not been widely addressed.Various questions remain about the sources of groundwater recharge,its patterns,and the appropriate measuring techniques.Hence,the main objective of the present study was to assess the changes that might affect the pattern of groundwater recharge under wetter than normal surface water availability.Therefore,the groundwater depth was monitored near a semi-arid Mediterranean intermittent stream on the piedmont of the High Atlas Mountains in the mountain catchment of the Wadi Rheraya over two hydrological years(2014-2016)with different climate conditions:extreme wet and normal conditions.Groundwater recharge was assessed using the episodic master recession algorithm.During the two years,the pattern of groundwater recharge was dominated by episodic events and by a high seasonality from wet seasons to dry seasons.In the wet year(2014-2015),the highest groundwater recharge was recorded following an extreme flood,which deeply replenished groundwater.Furthermore,an exceptional steady state of the groundwater depth was induced by a steady groundwater recharge rate.For several groundwater recharge events,the assessed recharge had multiple sources,mainly from streamflow at the local scale,but possibly from precipitation,underflow,deep percolation or irrigation return from the upstream part of the catchment.Local recharge by streamflow was likely to be short-lived,and lateral recharge was likely to last longer.Consequently,the episodic master recession algorithm estimated the total groundwater recharge that could encompass various sources.In the future,more studies and multidisciplinary approaches should be carried out to partition these sources and determine their specific contributions.In semi-arid stream-dominated systems,different groundwater recharge patterns induced by extreme hydrological events(e.g.,wet events)and various potential sources of groundwater recharge should be considered when assessing and predicting groundwater recharge.
文摘The objective of this study is to improve the performance of semi-empirical radar backscatter models, which are mainly used in microwave remote sensing (Oh 1992, Oh 2004 and Dubois). The study is based on satellite and ground data collected on bare soil surfaces during the Multispectral Crop Monitoring experimental campaign of the CESBIO laboratory in 2010 over an agricultural region in southwestern France. The dataset covers a wide range of soil (viewing top soil moisture, surface roughness and texture) and satellite (at different frequencies: X-, C- and L-bands, and different incidence angles: 24.3° to 53.3°) configurations. The proposed methodology consists in identifying and correcting the residues of the models, depending on the surface properties (roughness, moisture, texture) and/or sensor characteristics (frequency, incidence angle). Finally, one model has been retained for each frequency domain. Results show that the enhancements of the models significantly increase the simulation performances. The coefficient of correlation increases of 23% in mean and the simulation errors (RMSE) are reduced to below 2 dB (at the X and C-bands) and to 1 dB at the L-band, compared to the initial models. At the X- and C-bands, the best performances of the modified models are provided by Dubois, whereas Oh 2004 is more suitable for the L-band (r is equal to 0.69, 0.65 and 0.85). Moreover, the modified models of Oh 1992 and 2004 and Dubois, developed in this study, offer a wider domain of validity than the initial formalism and increase the capabilities of retrieving the backscattering signal in view of applications of such approaches to stronglycontrasted agricultural surface states.
文摘The objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of three different satellite signals (interferometric coherence (γ), backscattering coefficient (σ<sup>0</sup>) and NDVI) to corn biophysical parameters (leaf area index, height, biomass and water content) throughout its entire vegetation cycle. All of the satellite and in situ data were collected during the Multi-spectral Crop Monitoring (MCM’10) experiment conducted in 2010 by the CESBIO Laboratory over eight different agricultural sites located in southwestern France. The results demonstrated that the NDVI is well adapted for leaf area index monitoring, whereas γ<sub>27.3°</sub> is much more suited to the estimation of the three other Biophysical Parameters throughout the entire crop cycle, with a coefficient of determination ranging from 0.83 to 0.99, using non-linear relationships. Moreover, contrary to the use of the NDVI or backscattering coefficients, the use of coherence exhibited a low sensitivity to the changes in vegetation and soil moisture occurring during senescence, offering interesting perspectives in the domain of applied remote sensing
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 42090014)National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2021YFB3900104)the Dragon 5 Cooperation Programme(grant number 59312).
文摘The two vegetation transfer parameters ofτ(Vegetation Optical Depth,VOD)andω(Omega)could vary significantly across microwave channels in terms of frequencies,polarizations,and incidence angles,and their channel-dependent characteristics have not yet been fully investigated.In this study,we investigate the channel dependence of vegetation effects on microwave emissions from soils using a higher-order vegetation radiative transfer model of Tor Vergata.Corn was selected as the subject of investigation,and a corn growth model was developed utilizing field data collected from the multifrequency and multi-angular ground-based microwave radiation experiment from the Soil Moisture Experiment in the Luan River(SMELR).Upon compilation of the simulation dataset of microwave emissions of the corn field,the effective scattering albedo across different channels were calculated using the Tor Vergata model.Results show that vertical polarization of the vegetation optical depth is more affected by incidence angle changes,while horizontal polarization exhibits lower variations in vegetation optical depth due to incidence angle adjustments.The channel dependence of vegetation optical depth can be described as the polarization dependence parameter(CP)and the frequency dependence parameter(Cf).These two parameters enable the calculation of vegetation optical depth at any channel under three adjacent frequencies(L-band,C-band and X-band).The effective scattering albedo of vegetation does not vary significantly with vegetation height or angle.It primarily depends on frequency and polarization,showing an overall increasing trend with increasing frequency.The effective scattering albedo with vertical polarization is slightly higher than that with horizontal polarization at higher frequencies,while both are lower in the L-band.This investigation is helpful for understanding the vegetation effects on microwave emissions from soils,ultimately advancing the accuracy of large-scale soil moisture retrieval in vegetated areas.
基金the“Generation and Application of Global Products of Essential Land Variables”project of China[grant number 2009AA122100]under the“State Program for High-tech Research and Development”(863 Program).
文摘The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)-Terra surface reflectance product(MOD09A1),with bands 1 to 7,is a gridded,eight-day composite product derived from the MODIS-Terra top of atmosphere reflectance swaths.It performs cloud detection and corrects for the effects of atmospheric gases and aerosols.The cloud mask(CM)algorithms for MODIS are based on empirical thresholds on spectral reflectance and brightness temperature.Since the spatial resolution of the thermal band is 1000 m,while that of MOD09A1 is 500 m,many undetected and false clouds are observed in MOD09A1.These errors always result in temporal and spatial inconsistencies in higher-level products.In this paper,a cloud detection algorithm(TSCD)based on a MOD09A1 time series is introduced.Time series cloud detection(TSCD)algorithm is based on the relative stability of ground reflectance and the sudden variations in reflectance that result from cloud cover.The algorithm first searches the clear-sky reference data,and then discriminates clouded and unclouded pixels by detecting a sudden change of reflectance in the blue wavelength and spectral correlation coefficient at the pixel level.Compared with cloud cover assessments obtained from MODIS’original CM,TSCD provides similar or better discrimination in most situations when the land surface changes slowly.
文摘Remote sensing(RS)is a fast-growing emerging interdisciplinary field focused on observing our planet and living environment.The number of publications in this field increases dramatically from about 921 documents in 1999 to 8,242 documents in 2019 according to the records in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-EXPANDED)database.While there are many journals publishing new developments in RS,the space is still limited to cover the thousands of exciting articles each year to document the advancement in both RS science and technology.This journal,supported by the Science Partner Journal program,with editorial board members composed of internationally renowned scientists,is aimed at providing a new space to publish high-quality,online-only papers on RS theory,science,techniques,and applications that are related to the Earth systems.More importantly,unlike many RS journals where financial profit is also one of the main goals,this journal is solely focused on the communication and distribution of knowledge in RS.Articles are free to publish through June 2023 and will always be free to read for everyone.Authors are also strongly encouraged to deposit the data that supports their research in a trusted repository that supports the FAIR principles.We will strive hard to best serve the RS community.
文摘Introduction of JRS.Remote sensing technology,which emerged in the 1960s,is an increasingly used support for understanding Earth’s past,present,and future and opened a new chapter for humankind to explore Earth[1].
