The Rasayana plant Withania somnifera(W.somnifera)Dunal,also known as“Ashwagandha”,has been mentioned in various classical Ayurvedic texts,such as Charaka Samhita,Sushruta Samhita,and Nighantus.This Ayurvedic drug h...The Rasayana plant Withania somnifera(W.somnifera)Dunal,also known as“Ashwagandha”,has been mentioned in various classical Ayurvedic texts,such as Charaka Samhita,Sushruta Samhita,and Nighantus.This Ayurvedic drug has been referred to as a tonic that renews the body,provides physical and mental vigor in weakened states,and promotes endurance and longevity.W.somnifera possesses notable biological activity in many ailments,such as diabetes,conjunctivitis,insomnia,senile dementia,Parkinson’s disease,nervous system disorders,rheumatism,and arthritis.These pharmacological activities are due to the presence of diverse active components and their derivatives.Some lead compounds are found to be effective against anxiety and other central nervous system disorders.W.somnifera has been proven to be effective and safe for a wide range of ailments from ancient to modern times.Its reported properties represent the traditional use of W.somnifera as indicated in the literature;furthermore,W.somnifera is one of the most important prescribed drugs in Ayurveda for its multimodal effects.This current review highlights the bioactive present and provides an overview of the toxicological and pharmacological studies on W.somnifera,including preclinical and clinical studies.From its earliest utilization to its current application,W.somnifera has been recognized to be effective at clinical levels for human health and welfare.Greater attention to the safety and efficacy of W.somnifera would provide more scientific evidence,promoting global acceptance of the Ayurvedic plant.展开更多
In this study a model is conceptualized to measure the child mortality under different parity of women such that a better strategy can be formulated to bring down mortality rates. In the estimation of probability of c...In this study a model is conceptualized to measure the child mortality under different parity of women such that a better strategy can be formulated to bring down mortality rates. In the estimation of probability of child mortality some socio demographic variables are taken in consideration. The estimates are obtained under Bayesian procedure. Two different models are formulated for it and model fitting is observed by graphical approach along with the chi square test. First model is betabinomial and second is binomial regression model. Second model shows the better fit on the data. The estimate of probability of child mortality at higher parities namely, parity 3, parity 4 and parity 5 were obtained as 0.06, 0.09 and 0.13 respectively on the basis of the second model.展开更多
The present study aims to investigate the motional dynamics of risperidone within polylactic co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microsphere by employing solution state'H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements.Risp...The present study aims to investigate the motional dynamics of risperidone within polylactic co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microsphere by employing solution state'H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements.Risperidone,a second-generation fluorinated antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia is commercially marketed as PLGA microsphere formulation resulting in prolonged release of the drug in solution.Although the current trend in the pharmaceutical market is to develop drug formulation with long-acting release(LAR)products,complete physicochemical characterization of such formulations are scarce.Especially the effects of microsphere encapsulation on the motional properties and diffusion behavior of the drugs are not discussed adequately in any of the earlier reports.We therefore,have employed NMR relaxation and diffusion measurements to decipher the interaction of PLGA cavity water with risperidone.A detailed analysis of NMR relaxation rates confirmed the event of encapsulation and the presence of local motion in the non-fluorinated end of risperidone.Further,the relaxation data indicated a significant alteration in 19F chemical shift anisotropy(CSA)and CSA/dipole-dipole(DD)cross-correlated relaxation mechanism and decreased effect of solvent relaxation pointing out reduced water concentration within the microsphere cavity.'H and 19F diffusion coefficients of risperidone led to the information about hydrodynamic radius of risperidone in free and encapsulated states.Measurement of hydrodynamic radius supported the presence of limited water in PLGA cavity allowing higher translational mobility of risperidone after the encapsulation.展开更多
The Unintentional Insider Threat (UIT) concept highlights that insider threats might not always stem from malicious intent and can occur across various domains. This research examines how individuals with medical or p...The Unintentional Insider Threat (UIT) concept highlights that insider threats might not always stem from malicious intent and can occur across various domains. This research examines how individuals with medical or psychological issues might unintentionally become insider threats due to their perception of being targeted. Insights from the survey A Survey of Unintentional Medical Insider Threat Category indicate that such perceptions can be linked to underlying health conditions. The study Emotion Analysis Based on Belief of Targeted Individual Supporting Insider Threat Detection reveals that anger is a common emotion among these individuals. The findings suggest that UITs are often linked to medical or psychological issues, with anger being prevalent. To mitigate these risks, it is recommended that Insider Threat programs integrate expertise from medicine, psychology, and cybersecurity. Additionally, handwriting analysis is proposed as a potential tool for detecting insider threats, reflecting the evolving nature of threat assessment methodologies.展开更多
Transdermal drug delivery plays a significant part in the drug delivery system when compared to other routes of drug administration.The function of the stratum corneum(SC)is a barrier.Recently,numerous methods have be...Transdermal drug delivery plays a significant part in the drug delivery system when compared to other routes of drug administration.The function of the stratum corneum(SC)is a barrier.Recently,numerous methods have been thrived to improve the perforation of drugs across the skin.The most effective method is to use enhancers since these agents enhance skin permeability.Natural penetration enhancers like essential oils demonstrate higher enhancement activity and are more widely accepted than synthetic penetration enhancers.High potential in the expansion and interaction with the SC intercellular lipids has led to an increasing interest in these oils as penetration enhancers.This article gives an overview of a few essential oils,including their mode of action and important parameters for permeation improvement.The present work can provide essential oils as alternative enhancers,and this could be useful in transdermal administration.展开更多
Objective:To study the in vitro cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of Portieria hornemannii(P.hornemannii)and Spyridia fusiformis(S.fusiformis)using Dalton’s lymphoma ascite and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell li...Objective:To study the in vitro cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of Portieria hornemannii(P.hornemannii)and Spyridia fusiformis(S.fusiformis)using Dalton’s lymphoma ascite and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell lines.Methods:The effect of cytotoxicity of P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis was evaluated with the concentrations(100 to 200μg/mL)and assessed for the antitumour activity vs.the selected cell lines using Trypan blue assay.Results:The methanol extracts of P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis showed potent cytotoxic activity with IC_(50)values of(209.00±0.05)μg/mL and(190.00±0.05)μg/mL against the Dalton’s lymphoma ascite cell line and IC_(50)values of(190.00±0.05)μg/mL and(182.00±0.05)μg/mL against the Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell line respectively.In vitro cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines showed strong activity by the abnormal activities of algal residue in the normal cells.Conclusions:The methanol solvent residue of red algae(P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis)could be a good candidate.It would be a novel marine resource as a antitumor medicine demonstrated by cytotoxic studies that the above marine algae can be a potential candidate sources as antitumor drugs.展开更多
文摘The Rasayana plant Withania somnifera(W.somnifera)Dunal,also known as“Ashwagandha”,has been mentioned in various classical Ayurvedic texts,such as Charaka Samhita,Sushruta Samhita,and Nighantus.This Ayurvedic drug has been referred to as a tonic that renews the body,provides physical and mental vigor in weakened states,and promotes endurance and longevity.W.somnifera possesses notable biological activity in many ailments,such as diabetes,conjunctivitis,insomnia,senile dementia,Parkinson’s disease,nervous system disorders,rheumatism,and arthritis.These pharmacological activities are due to the presence of diverse active components and their derivatives.Some lead compounds are found to be effective against anxiety and other central nervous system disorders.W.somnifera has been proven to be effective and safe for a wide range of ailments from ancient to modern times.Its reported properties represent the traditional use of W.somnifera as indicated in the literature;furthermore,W.somnifera is one of the most important prescribed drugs in Ayurveda for its multimodal effects.This current review highlights the bioactive present and provides an overview of the toxicological and pharmacological studies on W.somnifera,including preclinical and clinical studies.From its earliest utilization to its current application,W.somnifera has been recognized to be effective at clinical levels for human health and welfare.Greater attention to the safety and efficacy of W.somnifera would provide more scientific evidence,promoting global acceptance of the Ayurvedic plant.
文摘In this study a model is conceptualized to measure the child mortality under different parity of women such that a better strategy can be formulated to bring down mortality rates. In the estimation of probability of child mortality some socio demographic variables are taken in consideration. The estimates are obtained under Bayesian procedure. Two different models are formulated for it and model fitting is observed by graphical approach along with the chi square test. First model is betabinomial and second is binomial regression model. Second model shows the better fit on the data. The estimate of probability of child mortality at higher parities namely, parity 3, parity 4 and parity 5 were obtained as 0.06, 0.09 and 0.13 respectively on the basis of the second model.
文摘The present study aims to investigate the motional dynamics of risperidone within polylactic co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microsphere by employing solution state'H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)measurements.Risperidone,a second-generation fluorinated antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia is commercially marketed as PLGA microsphere formulation resulting in prolonged release of the drug in solution.Although the current trend in the pharmaceutical market is to develop drug formulation with long-acting release(LAR)products,complete physicochemical characterization of such formulations are scarce.Especially the effects of microsphere encapsulation on the motional properties and diffusion behavior of the drugs are not discussed adequately in any of the earlier reports.We therefore,have employed NMR relaxation and diffusion measurements to decipher the interaction of PLGA cavity water with risperidone.A detailed analysis of NMR relaxation rates confirmed the event of encapsulation and the presence of local motion in the non-fluorinated end of risperidone.Further,the relaxation data indicated a significant alteration in 19F chemical shift anisotropy(CSA)and CSA/dipole-dipole(DD)cross-correlated relaxation mechanism and decreased effect of solvent relaxation pointing out reduced water concentration within the microsphere cavity.'H and 19F diffusion coefficients of risperidone led to the information about hydrodynamic radius of risperidone in free and encapsulated states.Measurement of hydrodynamic radius supported the presence of limited water in PLGA cavity allowing higher translational mobility of risperidone after the encapsulation.
文摘The Unintentional Insider Threat (UIT) concept highlights that insider threats might not always stem from malicious intent and can occur across various domains. This research examines how individuals with medical or psychological issues might unintentionally become insider threats due to their perception of being targeted. Insights from the survey A Survey of Unintentional Medical Insider Threat Category indicate that such perceptions can be linked to underlying health conditions. The study Emotion Analysis Based on Belief of Targeted Individual Supporting Insider Threat Detection reveals that anger is a common emotion among these individuals. The findings suggest that UITs are often linked to medical or psychological issues, with anger being prevalent. To mitigate these risks, it is recommended that Insider Threat programs integrate expertise from medicine, psychology, and cybersecurity. Additionally, handwriting analysis is proposed as a potential tool for detecting insider threats, reflecting the evolving nature of threat assessment methodologies.
文摘Transdermal drug delivery plays a significant part in the drug delivery system when compared to other routes of drug administration.The function of the stratum corneum(SC)is a barrier.Recently,numerous methods have been thrived to improve the perforation of drugs across the skin.The most effective method is to use enhancers since these agents enhance skin permeability.Natural penetration enhancers like essential oils demonstrate higher enhancement activity and are more widely accepted than synthetic penetration enhancers.High potential in the expansion and interaction with the SC intercellular lipids has led to an increasing interest in these oils as penetration enhancers.This article gives an overview of a few essential oils,including their mode of action and important parameters for permeation improvement.The present work can provide essential oils as alternative enhancers,and this could be useful in transdermal administration.
基金Supported by University Grants Commission,New Delhi(Grant No.F1-17.1/2011-12/RGNF-SC-TAM-5342/(SA-III/Website)).
文摘Objective:To study the in vitro cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of Portieria hornemannii(P.hornemannii)and Spyridia fusiformis(S.fusiformis)using Dalton’s lymphoma ascite and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell lines.Methods:The effect of cytotoxicity of P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis was evaluated with the concentrations(100 to 200μg/mL)and assessed for the antitumour activity vs.the selected cell lines using Trypan blue assay.Results:The methanol extracts of P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis showed potent cytotoxic activity with IC_(50)values of(209.00±0.05)μg/mL and(190.00±0.05)μg/mL against the Dalton’s lymphoma ascite cell line and IC_(50)values of(190.00±0.05)μg/mL and(182.00±0.05)μg/mL against the Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cell line respectively.In vitro cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines showed strong activity by the abnormal activities of algal residue in the normal cells.Conclusions:The methanol solvent residue of red algae(P.hornemannii and S.fusiformis)could be a good candidate.It would be a novel marine resource as a antitumor medicine demonstrated by cytotoxic studies that the above marine algae can be a potential candidate sources as antitumor drugs.
