Phenacoccus solenopsis has been recognized as an aggressively invasive species on cotton plants in different countries.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of green synthesized Cu/Zn-nanoparticles using ...Phenacoccus solenopsis has been recognized as an aggressively invasive species on cotton plants in different countries.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of green synthesized Cu/Zn-nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Prosopis juliflora(mezquite)against P.solenopsis.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)showed bimetallic nanoparticles of Cu/Zn-NPs with spherical shape with varying size of 74.33 nm to 59.46 nm.More than 30%mortality of P.solenopsis was observed with Cu/Zn-nanoparticles(100 ppm)at 96 hours after treatment.Negligible mortality of P.solenopsis was recorded with Cu/Zn solution(100 ppm)and aqueous P.juliflora extracts.The results of the viability test for Cu/Zn-nanoparticles of P.juliflora showed a significant reduction of the cell viability by 50%in insect exposed to Cu/Zn-nanoparticles-P.juliflora.Therefore studies about nanotoxicity of Cu/Zn-NPs of P.juliflora are needed to reveal the mechanism of toxicity this phytonanoparticles in P.solenopsis.展开更多
In present study invasion of Parthenium hysterophorus L. and its impacts on agriculture fields will be done in different cultivated crops in Bilaspur. The present work deals with diversity and distribution of weeds sp...In present study invasion of Parthenium hysterophorus L. and its impacts on agriculture fields will be done in different cultivated crops in Bilaspur. The present work deals with diversity and distribution of weeds species in cultivated fields of Bilaspur C.G. A total number of 28 species under 27 genera and 16 families was distributed in three study sites (Koni, Sakri & Kota) of cultivated fields in Bilaspur C.G. These study sites were located in different altitudinal zones responding different conditions in the this study. The number of species per sites ranged from 13 to 24. In the Sakri, number of species was ranged from 17 to 27, and the relative density of plant species ranged between 0.77 (Heteropogon contortus, Solanum surratense, Vernonia cinneria and Leucas aspera) and 22.92 (Parthenium hysterophorus). In the Kota, number of species was ranged from 14 to 28, and the relative density of plant species ranged between 0.85 (Ageratum conyzoides, Heteropogon contortus, Triticum aestivum) and 29.06 (Zea mays) and 30.91 (Parthenium hysterophorus). In the Agriculture field, number of species was ranged from 15 to 28, and the relative density of plant species ranged between 0.58 (Leucas aspera) and 26.23 (Triticum aestivum). Present work will give the information that weeds are harmful to herbs, crops and medicinal plants. Parthenium weed can suppress and crowd out other weed species, and could form a single dominant population in the invasion area, causing serious threat to plant community biological diversity.展开更多
There has been an increase of community studies that incorporate the use of functional diversity indices. The incorporation of these indices in the analysis of marine communities is recent, however, could contribute w...There has been an increase of community studies that incorporate the use of functional diversity indices. The incorporation of these indices in the analysis of marine communities is recent, however, could contribute with relevant information about the health of those communities. The lagoon of La Paz is a body of water located in La Paz, B.C.S., México. Despite its regional importance, there are not recent studies about its fish communities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the temporal and spatial structure of the functional diversity of fish communities associated to soft bottoms, from August 2016 to July 2017, as well as important environmental variables. Functional diversity indices showed significant differences between months. Spatial analysis did not show significant differences perhaps due to low variability of the type of substrate. Temperature showed temporal differences as well. Therefore, temperature may be a limiting environmental variable for many fish species inhabiting coastal lagoons.展开更多
An analysis of the variation of the density and biomass of the fish communities of the lagoon of La Paz, Mexico was carried out from November 2016 to September 2017. A total of 2763 organisms were collected with a tot...An analysis of the variation of the density and biomass of the fish communities of the lagoon of La Paz, Mexico was carried out from November 2016 to September 2017. A total of 2763 organisms were collected with a total biomass of 211,422.93 g in an area of 5022 m<sup>2</sup>, a density and biomass of 0.550 lnd/m<sup>2</sup> and 44.091 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The site with the largest biomass was recorded in Zacatecas (11.179 g/m<sup>2</sup>) located north of the lagoon, while Grand Plaza recorded the lowest biomass (2.732 g/m<sup>2</sup>). Regarding the density, the maximum value was recorded in the site Yate Hundido, located northwest of the lagoon (0.129 lnd/m<sup>2</sup>) and the lowest was Las Palmas (0.036 lnd/m<sup>2</sup>) located north of the lagoon. The most abundant species was Diapterus peruvianus with 683 individuals and a biomass of 37,507.57 g. The physicochemical variables showed two seasons with significant change where we can observe higher temperatures in the summer (average of 27.45<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;">°C) and minimum in winter (average of 22.49<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°C). The Shannon-Weaver diversity index showed a difference (p = 0.050) between months, with the highest value recorded in April (H<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "="">'<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "=""> = 2.133 bits/ind) and the lowest in June (H<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "="">'<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "=""> = 1.041 bits/ind). The biomass and density values recorded in the lagoon were found to be associated with the spatio-temporal variation of temperature of the lagoon, as well as the resident and transitory species located in the area of study. In addition, the body sizes recorded corresponded to juvenile and young adult individuals.展开更多
In C?te d’Ivoire, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), generally used to make a drink called “Gnamankoudji”, has become an important source of agricultural income diversification. In order to assess the agromorpholo...In C?te d’Ivoire, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), generally used to make a drink called “Gnamankoudji”, has become an important source of agricultural income diversification. In order to assess the agromorphological diversity of a ginger collection from different regions of C?te d’Ivoire, a survey collection of accessions was carried out in the different production zones of the country. One hundred and eighty-eight ginger accessions were collected in 15 regions and one autonomous district of C?te d’Ivoire. Analysis of variance revealed that all the variables used in this study discriminated between the ginger accessions collected. Principal component analysis revealed morphological variability of 45.931% for the first two components. Ascending Hierarchical Classification was used to classify these accessions into three groups based on fourteen quantitative characters. These three groups were formed independently of collection areas and are characterized by moderate morphological variability. This variability has been structured into three distinct agromorphological groups, with thallus (rhizome) length and width, finger width, secondary finger length and yield in tons per hectare as distinctive characters. This revealed genetic diversity could be exploited in ginger breeding and improvement programs in C?te d’Ivoire.展开更多
Abnormal levels of plasma lipid have been linked to atherosclerosis, strokes and heart conditions. Variations in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are considered as ri...Abnormal levels of plasma lipid have been linked to atherosclerosis, strokes and heart conditions. Variations in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are considered as risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Furthermore, triglycerides are a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, measurement of plasma lipid levels is an important mortality predictor. Several factors were associated with irregularity in plasma lipids such as genetic alterations. Recent researches have linked single nucleotides polymorphism (SNP) in ApoA5 gene with these deviations. In this study, we reported the effects of the genetic variant c.553G>T in ApoA5 on the levels of plasma lipids. To explore these effects, a case-control study including 280 male and female subjects (44 of them were assigned as CAD cases while the remaining subjects were categorized as control) was established. All patients in the study were recruited from the western region in KSA. The results have detected minor variations in LDL, HDL and cholesterol levels between CAD patients carrying T allele and CAD patients carrying the WT allele. However, there were no significant effects due to these variations. TG levels in the wild type carriers reached up to 291 mg/dl while T allele carriers, the cases, presented lower levels of TG (170 mg/dl and 71 mg/dl). Although, T allele showed no effects on plasma lipids with the exception of TG levels. We suggest by this study that T allele in this SNP might be considered as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of CAD.展开更多
The issue of resistance reduction through hull ventilation is of particular interest in contemporary research.This paper presents multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with 2-DOF motion of a planing ...The issue of resistance reduction through hull ventilation is of particular interest in contemporary research.This paper presents multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with 2-DOF motion of a planing hull.The original hull was modified by introducing a step to allow air ventilation.Following an assessment of the hull performance,a simulation campaign in calm water was conducted to characterize the hull at various forward speeds and air insufflation rates for a defined single step geometry.Geometric analysis of the air layer thickness beneath the hull for each simulated condition was performed using a novel method for visualizing local air thickness.Additionally,two new parameters were introduced to understand the influence of spray rails on the air volume beneath the hull and to indicate the primary direction of ventilated air escape.A validation campaign and an assessment of uncertainty of the simulation has been conducted.The features offered by the CFD methodology include the evaluation of the air layer thickness as a function of hull velocity and injection flow rate and the air volume distribution beneath the hull.The air injection velocity can be adjusted across various operating conditions,thereby preventing performance or efficiency loss during navigation.Based on these findings,the study highlights the benefits of air insufflation in reducing hull resistance for high-speed planing vessels.This work lays a robust foundation for future research and new promising topics,as the exploration of air insufflation continues to be a topic of contemporary interest within naval architecture and hydrodynamics.展开更多
Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewa...Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.展开更多
Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyp...Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyperi Rhizoma varies significantly across different regions,potentially influencing its therapeutic efficacy.This study investigates the influence of geographic origin on the chemical composition and overall quality of Cyperi Rhizoma.Methods:A comprehensive approach,including traditional quality assessment,GC-MS(g as c hromatography-m ass s pectrometry),RP-HPLC(r everse p hase h igh-p erformance l iquid c hromatography),and FT-IR(f ourier t ransform i nfrared s pectroscopy)techniques,was employed to analyze Cyperi Rhizoma samples from Shandong Province.These methods examined the physical appearance,chemical profile,and content variations,particularly focusing onα-cyperone.Results:Traditional quality assessments revealed noticeable differences in the external characteristics of the samples.GC-MS analysis identified a variety of unique chemical constituents,while RP-HPLC and FT-IR showed significant variations inα-cyperone content,with higher levels found in Shandong samples.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that geographic origin is a critical determinant of Cyperi Rhizoma quality,with Shandong specimens exhibiting superiorα-cyperone levels and characteristic phytochemical profiles.This validates the geo-authenticity concept in TCM and provides actionable data for developing evidence-based quality standards,suggesting that provenance should be prioritized in medicinal material selection and pharmacopeial specifications.展开更多
Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further ex...Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further extend the life span of LIBs,it is essential to intensify investments in battery design,manufacturing processes,and the advancement of ancillary materials.The pursuit of long durability introduces new challenges for battery energy density.The advent of electrode material offers effective support in enhancing the battery’s long-duration performance.Often underestimated as part of the cathode composition,the binder plays a pivotal role in the longevity and electrochemical performance of the electrode.Maintaining the mechanical integrity of the electrode through judicious binder design is a fundamental requirement for achieving consistent long-life cycles and high energy density.This paper primarily concentrates on the commonly employed cathode systems in lithium-ion batteries,elucidates the significance of binders for both,discusses the application status,strengths,and weaknesses of novel binders,and ultimately puts forth corresponding optimization strategies.It underscores the critical function of binders in enhancing battery performance and advancing the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries,aiming to offer fresh insights and perspectives for the design of high-performance LIBs.展开更多
We conducted a field campaign to investigate the chemical composition,sources,and light absorption of submicron aerosols(PM_(1))from early 2022 in Nanjing,China.The average concentration of PM_(1) was 31μg m^(−3),org...We conducted a field campaign to investigate the chemical composition,sources,and light absorption of submicron aerosols(PM_(1))from early 2022 in Nanjing,China.The average concentration of PM_(1) was 31μg m^(−3),organics(33%)constituted the largest fraction,followed by nitrate(30%),sulfate(18%),ammonium(15%),chloride(3%),and rBC(2%).Four organic aerosol(OA)subcomponents were identified,including two primary OA(POA)and two secondary OA(SOA).The less-oxidized SOA(LO-OOA)contributes the most to the total OA mass(59%).LO-OOA is tightly correlated with the tracer ion C_(2)H_(4)O_(2)^(+)from levoglucosan,and another aged biomass-burning derived species,K_(3)SO_(4)^(+),suggesting it was likely influenced by aged biomass-burning OA.Our study also revealed that fireworks during the Spring Festival have a detrimental impact on air quality,contributing to secondary formation and accumulation under static winter meteorological conditions,prolonging the pollution duration.Also,LO-OOA was found to have the strongest light-absorbing ability.Our results highlight that the light absorption of LO-OOA can mainly be attributed to the C_(x)H_(y)N^(+) family,increased with the double-bond equivalent value.The more-oxidized SOA(MO-OOA)exhibited a negligible light absorption and was strongly correlated with daytime photochemical processes,implying a light-bleaching effect.This study enhances our understanding of the regional contribution of biomass combustion and fireworks to PM_(1) pollution in Nanjing,a typical megacity in the Yangtze River Delta region,during winter,aiding in the development of strategies for long-term air quality improvement in the region.展开更多
Synaptic pruning is a crucial process in synaptic refinement,eliminating unstable synaptic connections in neural circuits.This process is triggered and regulated primarily by spontaneous neural activity and experience...Synaptic pruning is a crucial process in synaptic refinement,eliminating unstable synaptic connections in neural circuits.This process is triggered and regulated primarily by spontaneous neural activity and experience-dependent mechanisms.The pruning process involves multiple molecular signals and a series of regulatory activities governing the“eat me”and“don't eat me”states.Under physiological conditions,the interaction between glial cells and neurons results in the clearance of unnecessary synapses,maintaining normal neural circuit functionality via synaptic pruning.Alterations in genetic and environmental factors can lead to imbalanced synaptic pruning,thus promoting the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder,schizophrenia,Alzheimer's disease,and other neurological disorders.In this review,we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for synaptic pruning during neural development.We focus on how synaptic pruning can regulate neural circuits and its association with neurological disorders.Furthermore,we discuss the application of emerging optical and imaging technologies to observe synaptic structure and function,as well as their potential for clinical translation.Our aim was to enhance our understanding of synaptic pruning during neural development,including the molecular basis underlying the regulation of synaptic function and the dynamic changes in synaptic density,and to investigate the potential role of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases,thus providing a theoretical foundation for the treatment of neurological disorders.展开更多
在“碳达峰”“碳中和”背景下,碳足迹是生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)体系中最受关注的指标。LCA背景数据库是开展碳足迹计算的必要前提,中国数据的缺失对全球碳足迹计算影响巨大。基于此,首次提出了建设中国钢铁行业本土化...在“碳达峰”“碳中和”背景下,碳足迹是生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)体系中最受关注的指标。LCA背景数据库是开展碳足迹计算的必要前提,中国数据的缺失对全球碳足迹计算影响巨大。基于此,首次提出了建设中国钢铁行业本土化LCA背景数据库的方法。背景数据库采用的LCA方法学体系是建设数据库的核心,通过分析不同方法计算钢铁产品碳足迹结果的差异性,提出了分别采用归因法、归果法和EN15804标准建设中国钢铁行业背景数据库,以适用不同应用场景。采用欧盟提出的ILCD(international reference life cycle data system)数据库格式,对数据全过程的处理进行记录和审核,确保数据质量,保证了背景数据库的透明可追溯和国际交互性。依据所提出的方法开发了钢铁行业生命周期背景数据库HiQLCD,采用3种方法各生成1套数据,每套数据包含5815条数据集,共计17445条数据集。对比了采用本土数据库和国外某数据库计算铁水碳足迹的结果,结果显示本土数据库更符合中国产品生产工艺特点,技术代表性、地理代表性、时间代表性、准确性等反映背景数据质量的指标都有显著提升,计算结果更准确,更能反映实际情况,以更真实的数据科学地支撑企业算碳、减碳。同时,规则的透明性为实现碳足迹计算结果的国际互认奠定了基础。后续研究将致力于持续拓展钢铁产品数据库的覆盖范围,高频次迭代,逐步提升国内高质量数据在背景数据中的比例,同时开展复杂度更高的供应链数据库建设的研究。展开更多
文摘Phenacoccus solenopsis has been recognized as an aggressively invasive species on cotton plants in different countries.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of green synthesized Cu/Zn-nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Prosopis juliflora(mezquite)against P.solenopsis.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)showed bimetallic nanoparticles of Cu/Zn-NPs with spherical shape with varying size of 74.33 nm to 59.46 nm.More than 30%mortality of P.solenopsis was observed with Cu/Zn-nanoparticles(100 ppm)at 96 hours after treatment.Negligible mortality of P.solenopsis was recorded with Cu/Zn solution(100 ppm)and aqueous P.juliflora extracts.The results of the viability test for Cu/Zn-nanoparticles of P.juliflora showed a significant reduction of the cell viability by 50%in insect exposed to Cu/Zn-nanoparticles-P.juliflora.Therefore studies about nanotoxicity of Cu/Zn-NPs of P.juliflora are needed to reveal the mechanism of toxicity this phytonanoparticles in P.solenopsis.
文摘In present study invasion of Parthenium hysterophorus L. and its impacts on agriculture fields will be done in different cultivated crops in Bilaspur. The present work deals with diversity and distribution of weeds species in cultivated fields of Bilaspur C.G. A total number of 28 species under 27 genera and 16 families was distributed in three study sites (Koni, Sakri & Kota) of cultivated fields in Bilaspur C.G. These study sites were located in different altitudinal zones responding different conditions in the this study. The number of species per sites ranged from 13 to 24. In the Sakri, number of species was ranged from 17 to 27, and the relative density of plant species ranged between 0.77 (Heteropogon contortus, Solanum surratense, Vernonia cinneria and Leucas aspera) and 22.92 (Parthenium hysterophorus). In the Kota, number of species was ranged from 14 to 28, and the relative density of plant species ranged between 0.85 (Ageratum conyzoides, Heteropogon contortus, Triticum aestivum) and 29.06 (Zea mays) and 30.91 (Parthenium hysterophorus). In the Agriculture field, number of species was ranged from 15 to 28, and the relative density of plant species ranged between 0.58 (Leucas aspera) and 26.23 (Triticum aestivum). Present work will give the information that weeds are harmful to herbs, crops and medicinal plants. Parthenium weed can suppress and crowd out other weed species, and could form a single dominant population in the invasion area, causing serious threat to plant community biological diversity.
文摘There has been an increase of community studies that incorporate the use of functional diversity indices. The incorporation of these indices in the analysis of marine communities is recent, however, could contribute with relevant information about the health of those communities. The lagoon of La Paz is a body of water located in La Paz, B.C.S., México. Despite its regional importance, there are not recent studies about its fish communities. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the temporal and spatial structure of the functional diversity of fish communities associated to soft bottoms, from August 2016 to July 2017, as well as important environmental variables. Functional diversity indices showed significant differences between months. Spatial analysis did not show significant differences perhaps due to low variability of the type of substrate. Temperature showed temporal differences as well. Therefore, temperature may be a limiting environmental variable for many fish species inhabiting coastal lagoons.
文摘An analysis of the variation of the density and biomass of the fish communities of the lagoon of La Paz, Mexico was carried out from November 2016 to September 2017. A total of 2763 organisms were collected with a total biomass of 211,422.93 g in an area of 5022 m<sup>2</sup>, a density and biomass of 0.550 lnd/m<sup>2</sup> and 44.091 g/m<sup>2</sup>. The site with the largest biomass was recorded in Zacatecas (11.179 g/m<sup>2</sup>) located north of the lagoon, while Grand Plaza recorded the lowest biomass (2.732 g/m<sup>2</sup>). Regarding the density, the maximum value was recorded in the site Yate Hundido, located northwest of the lagoon (0.129 lnd/m<sup>2</sup>) and the lowest was Las Palmas (0.036 lnd/m<sup>2</sup>) located north of the lagoon. The most abundant species was Diapterus peruvianus with 683 individuals and a biomass of 37,507.57 g. The physicochemical variables showed two seasons with significant change where we can observe higher temperatures in the summer (average of 27.45<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;">°C) and minimum in winter (average of 22.49<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°C). The Shannon-Weaver diversity index showed a difference (p = 0.050) between months, with the highest value recorded in April (H<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "="">'<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "=""> = 2.133 bits/ind) and the lowest in June (H<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "="">'<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="font-family:;" "=""> = 1.041 bits/ind). The biomass and density values recorded in the lagoon were found to be associated with the spatio-temporal variation of temperature of the lagoon, as well as the resident and transitory species located in the area of study. In addition, the body sizes recorded corresponded to juvenile and young adult individuals.
文摘In C?te d’Ivoire, ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), generally used to make a drink called “Gnamankoudji”, has become an important source of agricultural income diversification. In order to assess the agromorphological diversity of a ginger collection from different regions of C?te d’Ivoire, a survey collection of accessions was carried out in the different production zones of the country. One hundred and eighty-eight ginger accessions were collected in 15 regions and one autonomous district of C?te d’Ivoire. Analysis of variance revealed that all the variables used in this study discriminated between the ginger accessions collected. Principal component analysis revealed morphological variability of 45.931% for the first two components. Ascending Hierarchical Classification was used to classify these accessions into three groups based on fourteen quantitative characters. These three groups were formed independently of collection areas and are characterized by moderate morphological variability. This variability has been structured into three distinct agromorphological groups, with thallus (rhizome) length and width, finger width, secondary finger length and yield in tons per hectare as distinctive characters. This revealed genetic diversity could be exploited in ginger breeding and improvement programs in C?te d’Ivoire.
文摘Abnormal levels of plasma lipid have been linked to atherosclerosis, strokes and heart conditions. Variations in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are considered as risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Furthermore, triglycerides are a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, measurement of plasma lipid levels is an important mortality predictor. Several factors were associated with irregularity in plasma lipids such as genetic alterations. Recent researches have linked single nucleotides polymorphism (SNP) in ApoA5 gene with these deviations. In this study, we reported the effects of the genetic variant c.553G>T in ApoA5 on the levels of plasma lipids. To explore these effects, a case-control study including 280 male and female subjects (44 of them were assigned as CAD cases while the remaining subjects were categorized as control) was established. All patients in the study were recruited from the western region in KSA. The results have detected minor variations in LDL, HDL and cholesterol levels between CAD patients carrying T allele and CAD patients carrying the WT allele. However, there were no significant effects due to these variations. TG levels in the wild type carriers reached up to 291 mg/dl while T allele carriers, the cases, presented lower levels of TG (170 mg/dl and 71 mg/dl). Although, T allele showed no effects on plasma lipids with the exception of TG levels. We suggest by this study that T allele in this SNP might be considered as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of CAD.
基金supported by European Union funding(PON“Ricerca e Innovazione”2014‒2020).
文摘The issue of resistance reduction through hull ventilation is of particular interest in contemporary research.This paper presents multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with 2-DOF motion of a planing hull.The original hull was modified by introducing a step to allow air ventilation.Following an assessment of the hull performance,a simulation campaign in calm water was conducted to characterize the hull at various forward speeds and air insufflation rates for a defined single step geometry.Geometric analysis of the air layer thickness beneath the hull for each simulated condition was performed using a novel method for visualizing local air thickness.Additionally,two new parameters were introduced to understand the influence of spray rails on the air volume beneath the hull and to indicate the primary direction of ventilated air escape.A validation campaign and an assessment of uncertainty of the simulation has been conducted.The features offered by the CFD methodology include the evaluation of the air layer thickness as a function of hull velocity and injection flow rate and the air volume distribution beneath the hull.The air injection velocity can be adjusted across various operating conditions,thereby preventing performance or efficiency loss during navigation.Based on these findings,the study highlights the benefits of air insufflation in reducing hull resistance for high-speed planing vessels.This work lays a robust foundation for future research and new promising topics,as the exploration of air insufflation continues to be a topic of contemporary interest within naval architecture and hydrodynamics.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204610)+1 种基金the Qihang Talent Program(L2022046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041 and L2021029).
文摘Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82204610)Qihang Talent Program(L2022046)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041 and L2021029).
文摘Background:Cyperi Rhizoma,derived from Cyperus rotundus L.,is a widely used medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),with Shandong Province recognized as its geo-authentic habitat.However,the quality of Cyperi Rhizoma varies significantly across different regions,potentially influencing its therapeutic efficacy.This study investigates the influence of geographic origin on the chemical composition and overall quality of Cyperi Rhizoma.Methods:A comprehensive approach,including traditional quality assessment,GC-MS(g as c hromatography-m ass s pectrometry),RP-HPLC(r everse p hase h igh-p erformance l iquid c hromatography),and FT-IR(f ourier t ransform i nfrared s pectroscopy)techniques,was employed to analyze Cyperi Rhizoma samples from Shandong Province.These methods examined the physical appearance,chemical profile,and content variations,particularly focusing onα-cyperone.Results:Traditional quality assessments revealed noticeable differences in the external characteristics of the samples.GC-MS analysis identified a variety of unique chemical constituents,while RP-HPLC and FT-IR showed significant variations inα-cyperone content,with higher levels found in Shandong samples.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that geographic origin is a critical determinant of Cyperi Rhizoma quality,with Shandong specimens exhibiting superiorα-cyperone levels and characteristic phytochemical profiles.This validates the geo-authenticity concept in TCM and provides actionable data for developing evidence-based quality standards,suggesting that provenance should be prioritized in medicinal material selection and pharmacopeial specifications.
基金We would like to show gratitude to the Yunnan Province Basic Research Major Project(202501BC070006(Y.Wang))Key Industry Science and Technology Projects for University Services in Yunnan Province(FWCY ZNT2024002(Y.Wang))+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279070(L.Wang))and(U21A20170(X.He))the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0705703(L.Wang))Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L242005(X.He))Key Industry Science and Technology Projects for University Services in Yunnan Province(FWCY BSPY2024011(T.Lai)).
文摘Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further extend the life span of LIBs,it is essential to intensify investments in battery design,manufacturing processes,and the advancement of ancillary materials.The pursuit of long durability introduces new challenges for battery energy density.The advent of electrode material offers effective support in enhancing the battery’s long-duration performance.Often underestimated as part of the cathode composition,the binder plays a pivotal role in the longevity and electrochemical performance of the electrode.Maintaining the mechanical integrity of the electrode through judicious binder design is a fundamental requirement for achieving consistent long-life cycles and high energy density.This paper primarily concentrates on the commonly employed cathode systems in lithium-ion batteries,elucidates the significance of binders for both,discusses the application status,strengths,and weaknesses of novel binders,and ultimately puts forth corresponding optimization strategies.It underscores the critical function of binders in enhancing battery performance and advancing the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries,aiming to offer fresh insights and perspectives for the design of high-performance LIBs.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20240036)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U24A20515,22276099,and 22361162668)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.Guike AB24010074)。
文摘We conducted a field campaign to investigate the chemical composition,sources,and light absorption of submicron aerosols(PM_(1))from early 2022 in Nanjing,China.The average concentration of PM_(1) was 31μg m^(−3),organics(33%)constituted the largest fraction,followed by nitrate(30%),sulfate(18%),ammonium(15%),chloride(3%),and rBC(2%).Four organic aerosol(OA)subcomponents were identified,including two primary OA(POA)and two secondary OA(SOA).The less-oxidized SOA(LO-OOA)contributes the most to the total OA mass(59%).LO-OOA is tightly correlated with the tracer ion C_(2)H_(4)O_(2)^(+)from levoglucosan,and another aged biomass-burning derived species,K_(3)SO_(4)^(+),suggesting it was likely influenced by aged biomass-burning OA.Our study also revealed that fireworks during the Spring Festival have a detrimental impact on air quality,contributing to secondary formation and accumulation under static winter meteorological conditions,prolonging the pollution duration.Also,LO-OOA was found to have the strongest light-absorbing ability.Our results highlight that the light absorption of LO-OOA can mainly be attributed to the C_(x)H_(y)N^(+) family,increased with the double-bond equivalent value.The more-oxidized SOA(MO-OOA)exhibited a negligible light absorption and was strongly correlated with daytime photochemical processes,implying a light-bleaching effect.This study enhances our understanding of the regional contribution of biomass combustion and fireworks to PM_(1) pollution in Nanjing,a typical megacity in the Yangtze River Delta region,during winter,aiding in the development of strategies for long-term air quality improvement in the region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31760290,82160688the Key Development Areas Project of Ganzhou Science and Technology,No.2022B-SF9554(all to XL)。
文摘Synaptic pruning is a crucial process in synaptic refinement,eliminating unstable synaptic connections in neural circuits.This process is triggered and regulated primarily by spontaneous neural activity and experience-dependent mechanisms.The pruning process involves multiple molecular signals and a series of regulatory activities governing the“eat me”and“don't eat me”states.Under physiological conditions,the interaction between glial cells and neurons results in the clearance of unnecessary synapses,maintaining normal neural circuit functionality via synaptic pruning.Alterations in genetic and environmental factors can lead to imbalanced synaptic pruning,thus promoting the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder,schizophrenia,Alzheimer's disease,and other neurological disorders.In this review,we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for synaptic pruning during neural development.We focus on how synaptic pruning can regulate neural circuits and its association with neurological disorders.Furthermore,we discuss the application of emerging optical and imaging technologies to observe synaptic structure and function,as well as their potential for clinical translation.Our aim was to enhance our understanding of synaptic pruning during neural development,including the molecular basis underlying the regulation of synaptic function and the dynamic changes in synaptic density,and to investigate the potential role of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases,thus providing a theoretical foundation for the treatment of neurological disorders.
文摘在“碳达峰”“碳中和”背景下,碳足迹是生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)体系中最受关注的指标。LCA背景数据库是开展碳足迹计算的必要前提,中国数据的缺失对全球碳足迹计算影响巨大。基于此,首次提出了建设中国钢铁行业本土化LCA背景数据库的方法。背景数据库采用的LCA方法学体系是建设数据库的核心,通过分析不同方法计算钢铁产品碳足迹结果的差异性,提出了分别采用归因法、归果法和EN15804标准建设中国钢铁行业背景数据库,以适用不同应用场景。采用欧盟提出的ILCD(international reference life cycle data system)数据库格式,对数据全过程的处理进行记录和审核,确保数据质量,保证了背景数据库的透明可追溯和国际交互性。依据所提出的方法开发了钢铁行业生命周期背景数据库HiQLCD,采用3种方法各生成1套数据,每套数据包含5815条数据集,共计17445条数据集。对比了采用本土数据库和国外某数据库计算铁水碳足迹的结果,结果显示本土数据库更符合中国产品生产工艺特点,技术代表性、地理代表性、时间代表性、准确性等反映背景数据质量的指标都有显著提升,计算结果更准确,更能反映实际情况,以更真实的数据科学地支撑企业算碳、减碳。同时,规则的透明性为实现碳足迹计算结果的国际互认奠定了基础。后续研究将致力于持续拓展钢铁产品数据库的覆盖范围,高频次迭代,逐步提升国内高质量数据在背景数据中的比例,同时开展复杂度更高的供应链数据库建设的研究。
