Atomically precise palladium(Pd)clusters are emerging as versatile nanomaterials with applications in catalysis and biomedicine.This study explores the synthesis,structure evolution,and catalytic properties of Pd clus...Atomically precise palladium(Pd)clusters are emerging as versatile nanomaterials with applications in catalysis and biomedicine.This study explores the synthesis,structure evolution,and catalytic properties of Pd clusters stabilized by cyclohexanethiol(HSC_(6)H_(11))ligands.Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS)and single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SXRD),structures of the Pd clusters ranging from Pd4(SC_(6)H_(11))8 to Pd18(SC_(6)H_(11))36 were determined.This analysis revealed a structure evolution from polygonal to elliptical geometries of the PdnS2n frameworks as the cluster size increased.UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy,combined with quantum chemical calculations,elucidated changes in the electronic structure of the clusters.Catalytic studies on the Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions demonstrated a size-dependent decline in activity attributed to variations in structural arrangements and electronic properties.Mechanistic insights proposed a distinctive Pd(Ⅱ)-Pd(Ⅳ)catalytic cycle.This research underscores how ligands and cluster size influence the structures and properties of Pd clusters,offering valuable insights for the future design and application of Pd clusters in advanced catalysis and beyond.展开更多
Secondary injury following spinal cord injury is primarily characterized by a complex inflammatory response,with resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages playing pivotal roles.While previous studies have groupe...Secondary injury following spinal cord injury is primarily characterized by a complex inflammatory response,with resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages playing pivotal roles.While previous studies have grouped these two cell types together based on similarities in structure and function,an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that microglia and macrophages exhibit differences in structure and function and have different effects on disease processes.In this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to identify the distinct evolutionary paths of microglia and macrophages following spinal cord injury.Our results showed that microglia were activated to a pro-inflammatory phenotype immediately after spinal cord injury,gradually transforming to an anti-inflammatory steady state phenotype as the disease progressed.Regarding macrophages,our findings highlighted abundant communication with other cells,including fibroblasts and neurons.Both pro-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of macrophages were also identified;the pro-inflammatory effect may be related to integrin β2(Itgb2) and the neuroprotective effect may be related to the oncostatin M pathway.These findings were validated by in vivo experiments.This research underscores differences in the cellular dynamics of microglia and macrophages following spinal cord injury,and may offer new perspectives on inflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.展开更多
One-carbon(C1)compounds,such as CO_(2),methane,and methanol,are emerging as promising feedstocks for next-generation biomanufacturing due to their abundance and low cost.In recent years,there has been growing interest...One-carbon(C1)compounds,such as CO_(2),methane,and methanol,are emerging as promising feedstocks for next-generation biomanufacturing due to their abundance and low cost.In recent years,there has been growing interest in harnessing microorganisms to convert these carbon sources into valuable natural products(NPs),which offers great potential for sustainable development.This review systematically outlines recent advancements in biocatalysts,synthetic biology,and process optimization aimed at improving the feasibility and scalability of producing C1-based NPs.Current challenges and insights into NPs biomanufacturing from C1 compounds are thoroughly examined in the areas of multi-gene editing,metabolic regulation,and synthetic microbial consortium.With ongoing progress in biosynthetic tools and fermentation techniques,C1-based biomanufacturing is becoming a versatile and sustainable platform for generating diverse value-added products.展开更多
Heavy crude oils present significant operational challenges due to their high viscosity and low API gravity.Conventional methods are often inefficient and lack scalability.This study evaluates the chemical technology ...Heavy crude oils present significant operational challenges due to their high viscosity and low API gravity.Conventional methods are often inefficient and lack scalability.This study evaluates the chemical technology known as RDV■(dynamic vasoactive reactor),a formulation characterized by threshold-based molecular reconfiguration,validated through field-proven catalytic behavior that induces molecular fragmentation of long-chain fractions(C_(17)+)into medium-chain fractions(C_(13)-C_(16))through protonation and carbocation formation.A field study in Texas was conducted on 160 barrels of heavy crude(19.6°API)treated with an ultra-low dose of 1,486 ppm of RDV■.Results obtained over a 157-day period under seasonal thermal variations showed an increase of+5.4°API,a reduction in water content to 0.1%,and complete elimination of the paraffin bed.Unlike conventional chemical treatments,RDV■operates at ultra-low concentrations and sustains its effect over extended periods without re-dosing,redefining operational paradigms in heavy crude processing.These findings validate the effectiveness of RDV■under uncontrolled field conditions and demonstrate a per-ppm efficiency 21.8 times higher than previously observed in laboratory studies.RDV■technology is established as a scalable and economically efficient solution for upgrading heavy crude oils.These results position RDV■as a transformative technology for sustainable energy operations,with direct implications for heavy crude upgrading strategies in industrial settings.展开更多
With the shift in the definition of disease from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolism-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),as well as the rapid evolution of pathological classification and therapeuti...With the shift in the definition of disease from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolism-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),as well as the rapid evolution of pathological classification and therapeutic targets,traditional clinical teaching models face challenges such as outdated guideline updates,disjointed translation of scientific research,and limited skill training.This study proposes a dynamic training model integrating“guidelines,clinical practice,and scientific research.”Through stratified case-based teaching(e.g.,FibroScan simulator and metabolic sand table),dynamic guideline analysis(comparing old and new evidence),and the integration of scientific thinking(visualization of CAND1 protein mechanism),a teaching system that integrates theory and practice is constructed.Innovatively developed smart assistant tools(AI decision support system,VR liver biopsy simulator)and a multi-dimensional evaluation system(deviation analysis of diagnosis and treatment pathways,milestone assessment)are used while emphasizing metabolic medicine integration(continuous glucose monitoring and digital therapy)and ethical privacy protection(federated learning framework).This model aims to cultivate students’evidence-based decision-making skills and scientific research transformation thinking through dynamic knowledge base construction and interdisciplinary collaboration,providing sustainable teaching solutions to cope with the rapid iteration of NAFLD diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Automatic segmentation and recognition of content and element information in color geological map are of great significance for researchers to analyze the distribution of mineral resources and predict disaster informa...Automatic segmentation and recognition of content and element information in color geological map are of great significance for researchers to analyze the distribution of mineral resources and predict disaster information.This article focuses on color planar raster geological map(geological maps include planar geological maps,columnar maps,and profiles).While existing deep learning approaches are often used to segment general images,their performance is limited due to complex elements,diverse regional features,and complicated backgrounds for color geological map in the domain of geoscience.To address the issue,a color geological map segmentation model is proposed that combines the Felz clustering algorithm and an improved SE-UNet deep learning network(named GeoMSeg).Firstly,a symmetrical encoder-decoder structure backbone network based on UNet is constructed,and the channel attention mechanism SENet has been incorporated to augment the network’s capacity for feature representation,enabling the model to purposefully extract map information.The SE-UNet network is employed for feature extraction from the geological map and obtain coarse segmentation results.Secondly,the Felz clustering algorithm is used for super pixel pre-segmentation of geological maps.The coarse segmentation results are refined and modified based on the super pixel pre-segmentation results to obtain the final segmentation results.This study applies GeoMSeg to the constructed dataset,and the experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has superior performance compared to other mainstream map segmentation models,with an accuracy of 91.89%and a MIoU of 71.91%.展开更多
AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract s...AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:An investigator-initiated,single-center,prospective,interventional,noncomparative study conducted in Montreal,Canada.The study enrolled 31 patients(55 eyes)with OHT or mild glaucoma who received a non-diffractive EDOF IOL(Acrysof IQ Vivity).Participants underwent sequential cataract surgery with the Vivity IOL.Follow-up evaluations occurred at 1d,1,and 3mo postoperatively,assessing uncorrected distance,intermediate,and near visual acuity.Questionnaires(QUVID:Questionnaire for visual disturbances and IOLSAT:Intraocular lens satisfaction)were administered pre and post-operatively to measure visual disturbances and spectacle independence in various lighting.Safety parameters included intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma medications,spherical equivalence,mean deviation and pattern standard deviation or square root of lost variance on Octopus visual field.RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo postoperatively,significant improvements were observed in uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuity.Spectacle independence was enhanced for distance and intermediate vision,especially in bright light settings.Spectacle-free intermediate vision was improved even in dim lighting.Visual disturbances,particularly glare symptoms,were reduced,and there was a notable decrease in IOP and glaucoma medication burden at 3mo.There was more hazy vision postoperatively with no impact on visual acuity and visual satisfaction.CONCLUSION:The non-diffractive EDOF lens improves distance and intermediate spectacle-free visual function in patients with OHT and well-controlled glaucoma.The findings highlight significant improvements in visual acuity,reduced glare,enhanced spectacle independence,and improved visual performance in different lighting conditions.展开更多
The rapid shift to online education has introduced significant challenges to maintaining academic integrity in remote assessments,as traditional proctoring methods fall short in preventing cheating.The increase in che...The rapid shift to online education has introduced significant challenges to maintaining academic integrity in remote assessments,as traditional proctoring methods fall short in preventing cheating.The increase in cheating during online exams highlights the need for efficient,adaptable detection models to uphold academic credibility.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of various deep learning models for cheating detection in online proctoring systems,evaluating their accuracy,efficiency,and adaptability.We benchmark several advanced architectures,including EfficientNet,MobileNetV2,ResNet variants and more,using two specialized datasets(OEP and OP)tailored for online proctoring contexts.Our findings reveal that EfficientNetB1 and YOLOv5 achieve top performance on the OP dataset,with EfficientNetB1 attaining a peak accuracy of 94.59% and YOLOv5 reaching a mean average precision(mAP@0.5)of 98.3%.For the OEP dataset,ResNet50-CBAM,YOLOv5 and EfficientNetB0 stand out,with ResNet50-CBAMachieving an accuracy of 93.61% and EfficientNetB0 showing robust detection performance with balanced accuracy and computational efficiency.These results underscore the importance of selectingmodels that balance accuracy and efficiency,supporting scalable,effective cheating detection in online assessments.展开更多
Marking 20 years as comprehensive strategic partners,Spain and China should now deepen their ties through sustained dialogue,mutual respect,and pragmatic cooperation.
Diaphragmatic function is central to respiration,and its evaluation is critical in intensive care unit(ICU)settings.Ultrasonography is a reliable bedside tool to assess diaphragmatic excursion(DE).[1,2]The conventiona...Diaphragmatic function is central to respiration,and its evaluation is critical in intensive care unit(ICU)settings.Ultrasonography is a reliable bedside tool to assess diaphragmatic excursion(DE).[1,2]The conventional M-mode(MM)offers high-resolution imaging but requires precise alignment,which can be diffi cult in ICU patients.[3-5]Anatomical M-mode(AMM)allows flexible line adjustment,enabling accurate DE measurements despite poor acoustic windows.[6]However,comparative data between MM and AMM are limited.This retrospective study evaluated the concordance between MM and AMM for assessing right DE.展开更多
“civil discourse”amongst multiple individuals with diverse viewpoints is necessary to move toward truth,to maintain democratic buoyancy,and to get the most accurate read on how best to move forward toward our collec...“civil discourse”amongst multiple individuals with diverse viewpoints is necessary to move toward truth,to maintain democratic buoyancy,and to get the most accurate read on how best to move forward toward our collective good,civil discourse is nonetheless under catastrophic threat by contemporary forces that include the sloppy use of the term“hate speech”;the“libelling by labeling”(aka“cancelling”)in the public square of social media;technologically powered disinformation campaigns;and the growth of“safetyism”in academia.In light of these threats,the goal must be to convince educators,particularly philosophical educators,of the need to adopt a whole new focus in education,namely one that puts a spotlight on the fact that the utilization of the freedom of speech to destroy the freedom of speech of others utterly undermines the positive value of freedom of speech.In order to motivate individuals to turn their back on the dopamine rush of shutting someone down,educators must also spend a great deal of time showcasing the merits of“civil discourse”by providing young people with extensive experience in engaging in facilitated“civil discourse”(aka Communities of Philosophical Inquiry)so that its value can be woven into a personal commitment.展开更多
Emerging evidence indicates that childhood stressors, such as familial conflict, bullying, academic pressure, and traumatic events, can significantly worsen inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD) and...Emerging evidence indicates that childhood stressors, such as familial conflict, bullying, academic pressure, and traumatic events, can significantly worsen inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. This review explores the underlying neuroimmune pathways that link stress to skin inflammation in children, focusing on the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stress-induced cytokine production. Studies have shown that chronic psychological stress leads to dysregulation of the HPA axis, resulting in elevated cortisol levels, which paradoxically impair skin barrier function and upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Specific stressors, such as bullying, have been associated with heightened immune responses, increasing inflammation in the skin. For example, research has demonstrated that children who experience social stressors show elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other markers of systemic inflammation, which directly correlate with skin condition flare-ups. Furthermore, exposure to early life stress has been linked to long-term alterations in immune function, perpetuating chronic inflammation even in the absence of ongoing stress. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies assessing how the timing, duration, and type of stressors influence skin condition severity, alongside evaluating interventions like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and stress management techniques. By addressing these childhood stressors, there is potential to not only mitigate skin condition flares but also reduce the long-term health consequences of chronic inflammation leading to therapeutic strategies that emphasize mental health alongside traditional dermatological treatments.展开更多
Volcanic terrains exhibit a complex structure of pyroclastic deposits interspersed with sedimentary processes,resulting in irregular lithological sequences that lack lateral continuity and distinct stratigraphic patte...Volcanic terrains exhibit a complex structure of pyroclastic deposits interspersed with sedimentary processes,resulting in irregular lithological sequences that lack lateral continuity and distinct stratigraphic patterns.This complexity poses significant challenges for slope stability analysis,requiring the development of specialized techniques to address these issues.This research presents a numerical methodology that incorporates spatial variability,nonlinear material characterization,and probabilistic analysis using a Monte Carlo framework to address this issue.The heterogeneous structure is represented by randomly assigning different lithotypes across the slope,while maintaining predefined global proportions.This contrasts with the more common approach of applying probabilistic variability to mechanical parameters within a homogeneous slope model.The material behavior is defined using complex nonlinear failure criteria,such as the Hoek-Brown model and a parabolic model with collapse,both implemented through linearization techniques.The Discontinuity Layout Optimization(DLO)method,a novel numerical approach based on limit analysis,is employed to efficiently incorporate these advances and compute the factor of safety of the slope.Within this framework,the Monte Carlo procedure is used to assess slope stability by conducting a large number of simulations,each with a different lithotype distribution.Based on the results,a hybrid method is proposed that combines probabilistic modeling with deterministic design principles for the slope stability assessment.As a case study,the methodology is applied to a 20-m-high vertical slope composed of three lithotypes(altered scoria,welded scoria,and basalt)randomly distributed in proportions of 15%,60%,and 25%,respectively.The results show convergence of mean values after approximately 400 simulations and highlight the significant influence of spatial heterogeneity,with variations of the factor of safety between 5 and 12 in 85%of cases.They also reveal non-circular and mid-slope failure wedges not captured by traditional stability methods.Finally,an equivalent normal probability distribution is proposed as a reliable approximation of the factor of safety for use in risk analysis and engineering decision-making.展开更多
The mechanical properties of minerals in planetary materials are not only interesting from a fundamental point of view but also critical to the development of future space missions.Here we present nanoindentation expe...The mechanical properties of minerals in planetary materials are not only interesting from a fundamental point of view but also critical to the development of future space missions.Here we present nanoindentation experiments to evaluate the hardness and reduced elastic modulus of olivine,(Mg,Fe)_(2)SiO_(4),in meteorite NWA 12008,a lunar basalt.Our experiments suggest that the olivine grains in this lunaite are softer and more elastic than their terrestrial counterparts.Also,we have performed synchrotron-based high-pressure X-ray diffraction(HP-XRD)measurements to probe the compressibility properties of olivine in this meteorite and,for comparison purposes,of three ordinary chondrites.The HP-XRD results suggest that the axial compressibility of the orthorhombic b lattice parameter of olivine relative to terrestrial olivine is higher in NWA 12008 and also in the highly-shocked Chelyabinsk meteorite.The origin of the observed differences is discussed.A simple model combining the results of both our nanoindentation and HP-XRD measurements allows us to describe the contribution of macroscopic and chemical-bond related effects,both of which are necessary to reproduce the observed elastic modulus softening.Such joint analysis of the mechanical and elastic properties of meteorites and returned samples opens up a new avenue for characterizing these highly interesting materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)is one of the leading causes of mortality,highlighting the importance of early identification of high-risk patients.The fibrosis-5(FIB-5)index,traditionally used to ev...BACKGROUND Acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)is one of the leading causes of mortality,highlighting the importance of early identification of high-risk patients.The fibrosis-5(FIB-5)index,traditionally used to evaluate hepatic fibrosis,may hold prognostic value in ADHF patients by reflecting systemic congestion,inflammation,and organ dysfunction.The hypothesis of this study is that the FIB-5 index is an independent predictor of 1-month mortality in patients with ADHF.METHODS This retrospective study included 155 patients diagnosed with ADHF between 2020 and 2024.Patients were divided into two groups based on their left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF≤40%or LVEF>50%).Survival was monitored for one month,and clinical,biochemical,and echocardiographic parameters were compared between survivors and death.Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of the FIB-5 index.RESULTS During the 1-month follow-up,66 patients(42.6%)died.The mean FIB-5 index was significantly lower in non-survivors(−10.46±6.93)compared to survivors(−8.10±6.67)(P=0.03).Multivariate regression analysis identified the FIB-5 index as an independent predictor of 1-month mortality(OR=1.089,95%CI:1.022–1.160,P=0.009).The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.609(95%CI:0.51–0.699)with sensitivity of 59.6%and specificity of 63.4%.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significantly higher mortality rates among patients with lower FIB-5 values(log-rank:7.887,P=0.005).CONCLUSIONS The FIB-5 index is an independent predictor of 1-month mortality in ADHF patients.Its low cost,non-invasive nature,and ability to reflect systemic inflammation and congestion make it a promising tool for risk stratification.Prospective studies are needed to validate its utility in clinical practice and evaluate its role in guiding therapeutic decisions.展开更多
Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewa...Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the deve...BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the development of targeted interventions and policies that enhance parental engagement in neonatal care,thereby improving outcomes for infants and their families.AIM To identify and analyze primary factors influencing parental involvement in their child’s care in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews databases,with the following search terms:“parental presence neonatology”,“couplet care”,“zero separation neonatal care”,“family integrated care”,“couplet care intervention”,“mother-child separation”,“parents newborn togetherness”,“mother-baby care”,“closeness and separation NICU”,“mother-infant interaction NICU”,“kangaroo care”,“dyad mother-infant”,and“newborn integrated care”.The database search for this literature review began on December 10,2024,with the final search conducted on April 10,2025.RESULTS The literature search yielded 281 articles,out of which 23 were selected for a detailed review.The factors associated with parental presence in NUs were grouped into five main categories:Parents’socio-demographic and cultural traits;the physical layout and care model of the NUs;the quality of parents’relationships with the healthcare staff;their active involvement in neonatal care;and the newborn’s health status.CONCLUSION The identification of factors that affect parental presence in NUs is critical for developing effective strategies aimed at encouraging increased parental involvement and ultimately improving neonatal and family outcomes.展开更多
In 2022,cervical cancer accounted for approximately 662,301 new cases worldwide,representing 6.9%of all cancers diagnosed in women.Furthermore,it was the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women~1.In ...In 2022,cervical cancer accounted for approximately 662,301 new cases worldwide,representing 6.9%of all cancers diagnosed in women.Furthermore,it was the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women~1.In China,human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is not included in the National Immunization Program,thus creating marked urban±rural disparities:only 5.7%of rural children are vaccinated~2.Local publicly funded initiatives have increased vaccination uptake in some cities(e.g.,Shenzhen pilot;Jinan first-dose coverage>90%among eligible girls)~(3,4).展开更多
In the context of climate change,countries in West Africa are faced with recurrent flooding with catastrophic consequences,that makes it imperative to have access to rainfall information on fine spatial and temporal s...In the context of climate change,countries in West Africa are faced with recurrent flooding with catastrophic consequences,that makes it imperative to have access to rainfall information on fine spatial and temporal scales for better monitoring and prediction of these phenomena,as could be provided by weather radars.Based on an extensive archive of data from the X-band polarimetric radar and rain gauges observations gathered during the intensive AMMA campaigns in 2006–2007 and the Megha-Tropiques satellite measurement validation programme in 2010 in West Africa,we(i)simulated jointly realistic data for polarimetric radar variables and rain intensity using copula,and(ii)assessed rain rate estimation methods based on neural network(NN)inversion techniques and non-linearly calibrated parametric algorithms.The assessment of rainfall rate retrieval by these estimators is carried out using the part of the observations database not employed for calibration steps.The multiparametric algorithms R(ZH,K_(DP))and R(Z_(DR),K_(DP))perform better than R(ZH,Z_(DR))and R(ZH,Z_(DR),K_(DP)),especially since they are calibrated using copulas with upper tail dependencies,with KGE ranging in 0.68–0.75 and 0.79–0.82,respectively versus ranges of 0.40–0.64 and 0.20–0.51,for the two latter estimators.The neural network-based estimators RNN(Z_(DR),K_(DP))and RNN(ZH,K_(DP)),show KGE score characteristics comparable to those obtained from the best parametric relations,specifically optimized for the synthetic copula-based dataset.However,the neural network-based estimators were shown to be more robust when applied to a specific rainfall event.More specifically,neural network-based estimators trained on synthetic data are sensitive to the copulas’ability to capture the dependence between the variables of interest over the entire distribution of joint values.This leads to a near-cancellation of sensitivity to variability in the raindrop size distribution,as shown the coefficients of correlation near 1,especially for RNN(Z_(DR),K_(DP)),and for less extent RNN(Z_(H),K_(DP)).展开更多
The electrochemical instability of traditional ether-based electrolytes poses a challenge for their use in high-voltage lithium metal batteries.Herein,a synergetic optimization strategy was proposed by introducing an ...The electrochemical instability of traditional ether-based electrolytes poses a challenge for their use in high-voltage lithium metal batteries.Herein,a synergetic optimization strategy was proposed by introducing an additive with a strong electron-withdrawing group and significant steric hindrance-isosorbide dinitrate(ISDN),reconstructing the solvation structure and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),enabling highly stable and efficient lithium metal batteries.We found that ISDN can strengthen the interaction between Li^(+)and the anions of lithium salts and weaken the interaction between Li^(+)and the solvent in the solvation structure.It promotes the formation of a LiF-rich and LiN_(x)O_(y)-rich SEI layer,enhancing the uniformity and compactness of Li deposition and inhibiting solvent decomposition,which effectively expands the electrochemical window to 4.8 V.The optimized Li‖Li cells offer stable cycling over 1000 h with an overpotential of only 57.7 mV at 1 mA cm^(-2).Significantly,Li‖3.7 mA h LiFePO_(4)cells retain 108.3%of initial capacity after 546 cycles at a rate of 3 C.Under high-loading conditions(Li‖4.9 mA h LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)full cells)and a cutoff voltage of 4.5 V,the ISDN-containing electrolyte enables stable cycling for 140 cycles.This study leverages steric hindrance and electron-withdrawing effect to synergistically reconstruct the Li^(+)solvation structure and promote stable SEI formation,establishing a novel electrolyte paradigm for high-energy lithium metal batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the Start-Up Research Funding of Fujian Normal University(No.Y0720326K13)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22103035 and 22033005)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1503900)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.RCYX20231211090357078)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis(No.2020B121201002).
文摘Atomically precise palladium(Pd)clusters are emerging as versatile nanomaterials with applications in catalysis and biomedicine.This study explores the synthesis,structure evolution,and catalytic properties of Pd clusters stabilized by cyclohexanethiol(HSC_(6)H_(11))ligands.Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS)and single-crystal X-ray diffraction(SXRD),structures of the Pd clusters ranging from Pd4(SC_(6)H_(11))8 to Pd18(SC_(6)H_(11))36 were determined.This analysis revealed a structure evolution from polygonal to elliptical geometries of the PdnS2n frameworks as the cluster size increased.UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy,combined with quantum chemical calculations,elucidated changes in the electronic structure of the clusters.Catalytic studies on the Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions demonstrated a size-dependent decline in activity attributed to variations in structural arrangements and electronic properties.Mechanistic insights proposed a distinctive Pd(Ⅱ)-Pd(Ⅳ)catalytic cycle.This research underscores how ligands and cluster size influence the structures and properties of Pd clusters,offering valuable insights for the future design and application of Pd clusters in advanced catalysis and beyond.
文摘Secondary injury following spinal cord injury is primarily characterized by a complex inflammatory response,with resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages playing pivotal roles.While previous studies have grouped these two cell types together based on similarities in structure and function,an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that microglia and macrophages exhibit differences in structure and function and have different effects on disease processes.In this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to identify the distinct evolutionary paths of microglia and macrophages following spinal cord injury.Our results showed that microglia were activated to a pro-inflammatory phenotype immediately after spinal cord injury,gradually transforming to an anti-inflammatory steady state phenotype as the disease progressed.Regarding macrophages,our findings highlighted abundant communication with other cells,including fibroblasts and neurons.Both pro-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of macrophages were also identified;the pro-inflammatory effect may be related to integrin β2(Itgb2) and the neuroprotective effect may be related to the oncostatin M pathway.These findings were validated by in vivo experiments.This research underscores differences in the cellular dynamics of microglia and macrophages following spinal cord injury,and may offer new perspectives on inflammatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
基金supported by the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province(2022JC-09)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732780)+1 种基金the Higher Education Institution Academic Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Plan(B23025)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.
文摘One-carbon(C1)compounds,such as CO_(2),methane,and methanol,are emerging as promising feedstocks for next-generation biomanufacturing due to their abundance and low cost.In recent years,there has been growing interest in harnessing microorganisms to convert these carbon sources into valuable natural products(NPs),which offers great potential for sustainable development.This review systematically outlines recent advancements in biocatalysts,synthetic biology,and process optimization aimed at improving the feasibility and scalability of producing C1-based NPs.Current challenges and insights into NPs biomanufacturing from C1 compounds are thoroughly examined in the areas of multi-gene editing,metabolic regulation,and synthetic microbial consortium.With ongoing progress in biosynthetic tools and fermentation techniques,C1-based biomanufacturing is becoming a versatile and sustainable platform for generating diverse value-added products.
文摘Heavy crude oils present significant operational challenges due to their high viscosity and low API gravity.Conventional methods are often inefficient and lack scalability.This study evaluates the chemical technology known as RDV■(dynamic vasoactive reactor),a formulation characterized by threshold-based molecular reconfiguration,validated through field-proven catalytic behavior that induces molecular fragmentation of long-chain fractions(C_(17)+)into medium-chain fractions(C_(13)-C_(16))through protonation and carbocation formation.A field study in Texas was conducted on 160 barrels of heavy crude(19.6°API)treated with an ultra-low dose of 1,486 ppm of RDV■.Results obtained over a 157-day period under seasonal thermal variations showed an increase of+5.4°API,a reduction in water content to 0.1%,and complete elimination of the paraffin bed.Unlike conventional chemical treatments,RDV■operates at ultra-low concentrations and sustains its effect over extended periods without re-dosing,redefining operational paradigms in heavy crude processing.These findings validate the effectiveness of RDV■under uncontrolled field conditions and demonstrate a per-ppm efficiency 21.8 times higher than previously observed in laboratory studies.RDV■technology is established as a scalable and economically efficient solution for upgrading heavy crude oils.These results position RDV■as a transformative technology for sustainable energy operations,with direct implications for heavy crude upgrading strategies in industrial settings.
文摘With the shift in the definition of disease from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)to metabolism-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),as well as the rapid evolution of pathological classification and therapeutic targets,traditional clinical teaching models face challenges such as outdated guideline updates,disjointed translation of scientific research,and limited skill training.This study proposes a dynamic training model integrating“guidelines,clinical practice,and scientific research.”Through stratified case-based teaching(e.g.,FibroScan simulator and metabolic sand table),dynamic guideline analysis(comparing old and new evidence),and the integration of scientific thinking(visualization of CAND1 protein mechanism),a teaching system that integrates theory and practice is constructed.Innovatively developed smart assistant tools(AI decision support system,VR liver biopsy simulator)and a multi-dimensional evaluation system(deviation analysis of diagnosis and treatment pathways,milestone assessment)are used while emphasizing metabolic medicine integration(continuous glucose monitoring and digital therapy)and ethical privacy protection(federated learning framework).This model aims to cultivate students’evidence-based decision-making skills and scientific research transformation thinking through dynamic knowledge base construction and interdisciplinary collaboration,providing sustainable teaching solutions to cope with the rapid iteration of NAFLD diagnosis and treatment.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(42301492)the Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering(2022SDSJ04,2024SDSJ03)+1 种基金the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education(GLAB 2023ZR01,GLAB2024ZR08)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Automatic segmentation and recognition of content and element information in color geological map are of great significance for researchers to analyze the distribution of mineral resources and predict disaster information.This article focuses on color planar raster geological map(geological maps include planar geological maps,columnar maps,and profiles).While existing deep learning approaches are often used to segment general images,their performance is limited due to complex elements,diverse regional features,and complicated backgrounds for color geological map in the domain of geoscience.To address the issue,a color geological map segmentation model is proposed that combines the Felz clustering algorithm and an improved SE-UNet deep learning network(named GeoMSeg).Firstly,a symmetrical encoder-decoder structure backbone network based on UNet is constructed,and the channel attention mechanism SENet has been incorporated to augment the network’s capacity for feature representation,enabling the model to purposefully extract map information.The SE-UNet network is employed for feature extraction from the geological map and obtain coarse segmentation results.Secondly,the Felz clustering algorithm is used for super pixel pre-segmentation of geological maps.The coarse segmentation results are refined and modified based on the super pixel pre-segmentation results to obtain the final segmentation results.This study applies GeoMSeg to the constructed dataset,and the experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has superior performance compared to other mainstream map segmentation models,with an accuracy of 91.89%and a MIoU of 71.91%.
文摘AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:An investigator-initiated,single-center,prospective,interventional,noncomparative study conducted in Montreal,Canada.The study enrolled 31 patients(55 eyes)with OHT or mild glaucoma who received a non-diffractive EDOF IOL(Acrysof IQ Vivity).Participants underwent sequential cataract surgery with the Vivity IOL.Follow-up evaluations occurred at 1d,1,and 3mo postoperatively,assessing uncorrected distance,intermediate,and near visual acuity.Questionnaires(QUVID:Questionnaire for visual disturbances and IOLSAT:Intraocular lens satisfaction)were administered pre and post-operatively to measure visual disturbances and spectacle independence in various lighting.Safety parameters included intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma medications,spherical equivalence,mean deviation and pattern standard deviation or square root of lost variance on Octopus visual field.RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo postoperatively,significant improvements were observed in uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuity.Spectacle independence was enhanced for distance and intermediate vision,especially in bright light settings.Spectacle-free intermediate vision was improved even in dim lighting.Visual disturbances,particularly glare symptoms,were reduced,and there was a notable decrease in IOP and glaucoma medication burden at 3mo.There was more hazy vision postoperatively with no impact on visual acuity and visual satisfaction.CONCLUSION:The non-diffractive EDOF lens improves distance and intermediate spectacle-free visual function in patients with OHT and well-controlled glaucoma.The findings highlight significant improvements in visual acuity,reduced glare,enhanced spectacle independence,and improved visual performance in different lighting conditions.
基金funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R752),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The rapid shift to online education has introduced significant challenges to maintaining academic integrity in remote assessments,as traditional proctoring methods fall short in preventing cheating.The increase in cheating during online exams highlights the need for efficient,adaptable detection models to uphold academic credibility.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of various deep learning models for cheating detection in online proctoring systems,evaluating their accuracy,efficiency,and adaptability.We benchmark several advanced architectures,including EfficientNet,MobileNetV2,ResNet variants and more,using two specialized datasets(OEP and OP)tailored for online proctoring contexts.Our findings reveal that EfficientNetB1 and YOLOv5 achieve top performance on the OP dataset,with EfficientNetB1 attaining a peak accuracy of 94.59% and YOLOv5 reaching a mean average precision(mAP@0.5)of 98.3%.For the OEP dataset,ResNet50-CBAM,YOLOv5 and EfficientNetB0 stand out,with ResNet50-CBAMachieving an accuracy of 93.61% and EfficientNetB0 showing robust detection performance with balanced accuracy and computational efficiency.These results underscore the importance of selectingmodels that balance accuracy and efficiency,supporting scalable,effective cheating detection in online assessments.
文摘Marking 20 years as comprehensive strategic partners,Spain and China should now deepen their ties through sustained dialogue,mutual respect,and pragmatic cooperation.
文摘Diaphragmatic function is central to respiration,and its evaluation is critical in intensive care unit(ICU)settings.Ultrasonography is a reliable bedside tool to assess diaphragmatic excursion(DE).[1,2]The conventional M-mode(MM)offers high-resolution imaging but requires precise alignment,which can be diffi cult in ICU patients.[3-5]Anatomical M-mode(AMM)allows flexible line adjustment,enabling accurate DE measurements despite poor acoustic windows.[6]However,comparative data between MM and AMM are limited.This retrospective study evaluated the concordance between MM and AMM for assessing right DE.
文摘“civil discourse”amongst multiple individuals with diverse viewpoints is necessary to move toward truth,to maintain democratic buoyancy,and to get the most accurate read on how best to move forward toward our collective good,civil discourse is nonetheless under catastrophic threat by contemporary forces that include the sloppy use of the term“hate speech”;the“libelling by labeling”(aka“cancelling”)in the public square of social media;technologically powered disinformation campaigns;and the growth of“safetyism”in academia.In light of these threats,the goal must be to convince educators,particularly philosophical educators,of the need to adopt a whole new focus in education,namely one that puts a spotlight on the fact that the utilization of the freedom of speech to destroy the freedom of speech of others utterly undermines the positive value of freedom of speech.In order to motivate individuals to turn their back on the dopamine rush of shutting someone down,educators must also spend a great deal of time showcasing the merits of“civil discourse”by providing young people with extensive experience in engaging in facilitated“civil discourse”(aka Communities of Philosophical Inquiry)so that its value can be woven into a personal commitment.
文摘Emerging evidence indicates that childhood stressors, such as familial conflict, bullying, academic pressure, and traumatic events, can significantly worsen inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. This review explores the underlying neuroimmune pathways that link stress to skin inflammation in children, focusing on the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stress-induced cytokine production. Studies have shown that chronic psychological stress leads to dysregulation of the HPA axis, resulting in elevated cortisol levels, which paradoxically impair skin barrier function and upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Specific stressors, such as bullying, have been associated with heightened immune responses, increasing inflammation in the skin. For example, research has demonstrated that children who experience social stressors show elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other markers of systemic inflammation, which directly correlate with skin condition flare-ups. Furthermore, exposure to early life stress has been linked to long-term alterations in immune function, perpetuating chronic inflammation even in the absence of ongoing stress. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies assessing how the timing, duration, and type of stressors influence skin condition severity, alongside evaluating interventions like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and stress management techniques. By addressing these childhood stressors, there is potential to not only mitigate skin condition flares but also reduce the long-term health consequences of chronic inflammation leading to therapeutic strategies that emphasize mental health alongside traditional dermatological treatments.
基金the project PID2022-139202OB-I00Neural Networks and Optimization Techniques for the Design and Safe Maintenance of Transportation Infrastructures:Volcanic Rock Geotechnics and Slope Stability(IA-Pyroslope),funded by the Spanish State Research Agency of the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund,MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,EU。
文摘Volcanic terrains exhibit a complex structure of pyroclastic deposits interspersed with sedimentary processes,resulting in irregular lithological sequences that lack lateral continuity and distinct stratigraphic patterns.This complexity poses significant challenges for slope stability analysis,requiring the development of specialized techniques to address these issues.This research presents a numerical methodology that incorporates spatial variability,nonlinear material characterization,and probabilistic analysis using a Monte Carlo framework to address this issue.The heterogeneous structure is represented by randomly assigning different lithotypes across the slope,while maintaining predefined global proportions.This contrasts with the more common approach of applying probabilistic variability to mechanical parameters within a homogeneous slope model.The material behavior is defined using complex nonlinear failure criteria,such as the Hoek-Brown model and a parabolic model with collapse,both implemented through linearization techniques.The Discontinuity Layout Optimization(DLO)method,a novel numerical approach based on limit analysis,is employed to efficiently incorporate these advances and compute the factor of safety of the slope.Within this framework,the Monte Carlo procedure is used to assess slope stability by conducting a large number of simulations,each with a different lithotype distribution.Based on the results,a hybrid method is proposed that combines probabilistic modeling with deterministic design principles for the slope stability assessment.As a case study,the methodology is applied to a 20-m-high vertical slope composed of three lithotypes(altered scoria,welded scoria,and basalt)randomly distributed in proportions of 15%,60%,and 25%,respectively.The results show convergence of mean values after approximately 400 simulations and highlight the significant influence of spatial heterogeneity,with variations of the factor of safety between 5 and 12 in 85%of cases.They also reveal non-circular and mid-slope failure wedges not captured by traditional stability methods.Finally,an equivalent normal probability distribution is proposed as a reliable approximation of the factor of safety for use in risk analysis and engineering decision-making.
基金Financial support from the project PID2021-128062NB-I00 funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades MCIU(doi:10.13039/501100011033)is acknowledged,as well as the Spanish program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M.The ALBA-CELLS synchrotron is acknowledged for granting beamtime at the MSPD beamline under projects 2021095390 and 2022025734.PG-T acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish MCIU through the FPI predoctoral fellowship PRE2022-104624.JS acknowledges the financial support from projects 2021-SGR-00651 and PID2020-116844RB-C21.EP-A acknowledges financial support from the LUMIO project funded by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana(2024-6-HH.0).DE thanks the financial support from Spanish MCIU under projects PID2022-138076NB-C41 and RED2022-134388-T from Generalitat Valenciana(GVA)through grants CIPROM/2021/075 and MFA/2022/007,which are part of the Advanced Materials program and is supported with funding from the European Union Next Generation EU(PRTR-C17.I1).RT and DE(PB and DE)thank GVA for the Postdoctoral Fellowship CIAPOS/2021/20(CIAPOS/2023/406).JS-M thanks the Spanish MCIU for the PRE2020-092198 fellowship.NWA 12008 has been studied within the framework of an international European consortium led by IFP.Special acknowledge to I.Weber for providing the NWA 12008 meteorite thin section.This work is part of the doctoral thesis of PG-T(Doctoral Program in Physics at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona).
文摘The mechanical properties of minerals in planetary materials are not only interesting from a fundamental point of view but also critical to the development of future space missions.Here we present nanoindentation experiments to evaluate the hardness and reduced elastic modulus of olivine,(Mg,Fe)_(2)SiO_(4),in meteorite NWA 12008,a lunar basalt.Our experiments suggest that the olivine grains in this lunaite are softer and more elastic than their terrestrial counterparts.Also,we have performed synchrotron-based high-pressure X-ray diffraction(HP-XRD)measurements to probe the compressibility properties of olivine in this meteorite and,for comparison purposes,of three ordinary chondrites.The HP-XRD results suggest that the axial compressibility of the orthorhombic b lattice parameter of olivine relative to terrestrial olivine is higher in NWA 12008 and also in the highly-shocked Chelyabinsk meteorite.The origin of the observed differences is discussed.A simple model combining the results of both our nanoindentation and HP-XRD measurements allows us to describe the contribution of macroscopic and chemical-bond related effects,both of which are necessary to reproduce the observed elastic modulus softening.Such joint analysis of the mechanical and elastic properties of meteorites and returned samples opens up a new avenue for characterizing these highly interesting materials.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)is one of the leading causes of mortality,highlighting the importance of early identification of high-risk patients.The fibrosis-5(FIB-5)index,traditionally used to evaluate hepatic fibrosis,may hold prognostic value in ADHF patients by reflecting systemic congestion,inflammation,and organ dysfunction.The hypothesis of this study is that the FIB-5 index is an independent predictor of 1-month mortality in patients with ADHF.METHODS This retrospective study included 155 patients diagnosed with ADHF between 2020 and 2024.Patients were divided into two groups based on their left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF≤40%or LVEF>50%).Survival was monitored for one month,and clinical,biochemical,and echocardiographic parameters were compared between survivors and death.Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of the FIB-5 index.RESULTS During the 1-month follow-up,66 patients(42.6%)died.The mean FIB-5 index was significantly lower in non-survivors(−10.46±6.93)compared to survivors(−8.10±6.67)(P=0.03).Multivariate regression analysis identified the FIB-5 index as an independent predictor of 1-month mortality(OR=1.089,95%CI:1.022–1.160,P=0.009).The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.609(95%CI:0.51–0.699)with sensitivity of 59.6%and specificity of 63.4%.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed significantly higher mortality rates among patients with lower FIB-5 values(log-rank:7.887,P=0.005).CONCLUSIONS The FIB-5 index is an independent predictor of 1-month mortality in ADHF patients.Its low cost,non-invasive nature,and ability to reflect systemic inflammation and congestion make it a promising tool for risk stratification.Prospective studies are needed to validate its utility in clinical practice and evaluate its role in guiding therapeutic decisions.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204610)+1 种基金the Qihang Talent Program(L2022046)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041 and L2021029).
文摘Background:The medicinal material known as Os Draconis(Longgu)originates from fossilized remains of ancient mammals and is widely used in treating emotional and mental conditions.However,fossil resources are nonrenewable,and clinical demand is increasingly difficult to meet,leading to a proliferation of counterfeit products.During prolonged geological burial,static pressure from the surrounding strata severely compromises the microstructural integrity of osteons in Os Draconis,but Os Draconis still largely retains the structural features of mammalian bone.Methods:Using verified authentic Os Draconis samples over 10,000 years old as a baseline,this study summarizes the ultrastructural characteristics of genuine Os Draconis.Employing electron probe microanalysis and optical polarized light microscopy,we examined 28 batches of authentic Os Draconis and 31 batches of counterfeits to identify their ultrastructural differences.Key points for ultrastructural identification of Os Draconis were compiled,and a new identification approach was proposed based on these differences.Results:Authentic Os Draconis exhibited distinct ultrastructural markers:irregularly shaped osteons with traversing fissures,deformed/displaced Haversian canals,and secondary mineral infill(predominantly calcium carbonate).Counterfeits showed regular osteon arrangements,absent traversal fissures,and homogeneous hydroxyapatite composition.Lab-simulated samples lacked structural degradation features.EPMA confirmed calcium carbonate infill in fossilized Haversian canals,while elemental profiles differentiated lacunae types(void vs.mineral-packed).Conclusion:The study established ultrastructural criteria for authentic Os Draconis identification:osteon deformation,geological fissures penetrating bone units,and heterogenous mineral deposition.These features,unattainable in counterfeits or modern processed bones,provide a cost-effective,accurate identification method.This approach bridges gaps in TCM material standardization and supports quality control for clinical applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Parental presence in neonatal units(NUs)is essential for infant development and family well-being.A deeper understanding of the factors influencing parental presence is vital and will contribute to the development of targeted interventions and policies that enhance parental engagement in neonatal care,thereby improving outcomes for infants and their families.AIM To identify and analyze primary factors influencing parental involvement in their child’s care in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews databases,with the following search terms:“parental presence neonatology”,“couplet care”,“zero separation neonatal care”,“family integrated care”,“couplet care intervention”,“mother-child separation”,“parents newborn togetherness”,“mother-baby care”,“closeness and separation NICU”,“mother-infant interaction NICU”,“kangaroo care”,“dyad mother-infant”,and“newborn integrated care”.The database search for this literature review began on December 10,2024,with the final search conducted on April 10,2025.RESULTS The literature search yielded 281 articles,out of which 23 were selected for a detailed review.The factors associated with parental presence in NUs were grouped into five main categories:Parents’socio-demographic and cultural traits;the physical layout and care model of the NUs;the quality of parents’relationships with the healthcare staff;their active involvement in neonatal care;and the newborn’s health status.CONCLUSION The identification of factors that affect parental presence in NUs is critical for developing effective strategies aimed at encouraging increased parental involvement and ultimately improving neonatal and family outcomes.
基金supported by grants from the China Association for Science and Technology(KXYJS2024012)the Gates Foundation(INV-006373 and INV-023808)+1 种基金Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-2-30117)Beijing Municipal Health Commission’s Funds for the Highqualified Public Health Professionals Development Project(Discipline Core-03-36)。
文摘In 2022,cervical cancer accounted for approximately 662,301 new cases worldwide,representing 6.9%of all cancers diagnosed in women.Furthermore,it was the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women~1.In China,human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is not included in the National Immunization Program,thus creating marked urban±rural disparities:only 5.7%of rural children are vaccinated~2.Local publicly funded initiatives have increased vaccination uptake in some cities(e.g.,Shenzhen pilot;Jinan first-dose coverage>90%among eligible girls)~(3,4).
文摘In the context of climate change,countries in West Africa are faced with recurrent flooding with catastrophic consequences,that makes it imperative to have access to rainfall information on fine spatial and temporal scales for better monitoring and prediction of these phenomena,as could be provided by weather radars.Based on an extensive archive of data from the X-band polarimetric radar and rain gauges observations gathered during the intensive AMMA campaigns in 2006–2007 and the Megha-Tropiques satellite measurement validation programme in 2010 in West Africa,we(i)simulated jointly realistic data for polarimetric radar variables and rain intensity using copula,and(ii)assessed rain rate estimation methods based on neural network(NN)inversion techniques and non-linearly calibrated parametric algorithms.The assessment of rainfall rate retrieval by these estimators is carried out using the part of the observations database not employed for calibration steps.The multiparametric algorithms R(ZH,K_(DP))and R(Z_(DR),K_(DP))perform better than R(ZH,Z_(DR))and R(ZH,Z_(DR),K_(DP)),especially since they are calibrated using copulas with upper tail dependencies,with KGE ranging in 0.68–0.75 and 0.79–0.82,respectively versus ranges of 0.40–0.64 and 0.20–0.51,for the two latter estimators.The neural network-based estimators RNN(Z_(DR),K_(DP))and RNN(ZH,K_(DP)),show KGE score characteristics comparable to those obtained from the best parametric relations,specifically optimized for the synthetic copula-based dataset.However,the neural network-based estimators were shown to be more robust when applied to a specific rainfall event.More specifically,neural network-based estimators trained on synthetic data are sensitive to the copulas’ability to capture the dependence between the variables of interest over the entire distribution of joint values.This leads to a near-cancellation of sensitivity to variability in the raindrop size distribution,as shown the coefficients of correlation near 1,especially for RNN(Z_(DR),K_(DP)),and for less extent RNN(Z_(H),K_(DP)).
基金Recruitment Program of Global Experts(China)the Hundred-Talent Project of Fujian+1 种基金Fuzhou UniversityFuda Zijin Hydrogen Energy Technology Co.,Ltd for the financial support。
文摘The electrochemical instability of traditional ether-based electrolytes poses a challenge for their use in high-voltage lithium metal batteries.Herein,a synergetic optimization strategy was proposed by introducing an additive with a strong electron-withdrawing group and significant steric hindrance-isosorbide dinitrate(ISDN),reconstructing the solvation structure and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),enabling highly stable and efficient lithium metal batteries.We found that ISDN can strengthen the interaction between Li^(+)and the anions of lithium salts and weaken the interaction between Li^(+)and the solvent in the solvation structure.It promotes the formation of a LiF-rich and LiN_(x)O_(y)-rich SEI layer,enhancing the uniformity and compactness of Li deposition and inhibiting solvent decomposition,which effectively expands the electrochemical window to 4.8 V.The optimized Li‖Li cells offer stable cycling over 1000 h with an overpotential of only 57.7 mV at 1 mA cm^(-2).Significantly,Li‖3.7 mA h LiFePO_(4)cells retain 108.3%of initial capacity after 546 cycles at a rate of 3 C.Under high-loading conditions(Li‖4.9 mA h LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)full cells)and a cutoff voltage of 4.5 V,the ISDN-containing electrolyte enables stable cycling for 140 cycles.This study leverages steric hindrance and electron-withdrawing effect to synergistically reconstruct the Li^(+)solvation structure and promote stable SEI formation,establishing a novel electrolyte paradigm for high-energy lithium metal batteries.
