Tomato reproductive success and yield are particularly vulnerable to the negative effect of heat stress leading to stigma exsertion(protrusion)and lower pollen viability,both interfering with fertilization.Thus,unders...Tomato reproductive success and yield are particularly vulnerable to the negative effect of heat stress leading to stigma exsertion(protrusion)and lower pollen viability,both interfering with fertilization.Thus,understanding the regulation of these two traits in tomato is crucial for the yield and quality of the crop.Here,we found that knocking out the tomato MADS-domain transcription factor FRUITFULL2(FUL2)function leads to a higher incidence of parthenocarpy in tomato.This phenotype was primarily due to impeded selfpollination as a consequence of the higher frequency of stigma exsertion and lower fertilization rates due to reduced pollen quality.Stigma exsertion in ful2 mutants,in contrast to heat stress-induced exsertion,was caused by style elongation,particularly in the younger flowers of a truss.Interestingly,Quantitative Trait Loci for style elongation,stigma exsertion,and pollen viability map close to the position of FUL2 on chromosome 3,making it a candidate gene underlying these QTLs.At the molecular level,ful2 mutant styles have higher expression of Style2.1 and SE3.1,which are known as positive regulators of style length.In addition,after reducing the impact of style exsertion and low pollen quality by manual pollination with wild-type pollen,ful2 mutants exhibited reduced fruit size independent of seed number.This study reveals the contributions of flower number,style length,and pollen quality,as affected by FUL2,to tomato fertility and fruit size.展开更多
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious threat in tomato cultivation worldwide as all varieties grown today are highly susceptible to this devastating herbivorous insect.Many accessions of the tomato wild relative So...The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious threat in tomato cultivation worldwide as all varieties grown today are highly susceptible to this devastating herbivorous insect.Many accessions of the tomato wild relative Solanum pennellii show a high resistance towards B. tabaci. A mapping approach was used to elucidate the genetic background of whiteflyresistance related traits and associated biochemical traits in this species. Minor quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for whitefly adult survival（AS） and oviposition rate（OR） were identified and some were confirmed in an F2BC1 population, where they showed increased percentages of explained variance（more than 30%）. Bulked segregant analyses on pools of whiteflyresistant and-susceptible F2 plants enabled the identification of metabolites that correlate either with resistance or susceptibility. Genetic mapping of these metabolites showed that a large number of them co-localize with whiteflyresistance QTLs. Some of these whitefly-resistance QTLs are hotspots for metabolite QTLs. Although a large number of metabolite QTLs correlated to whitefly resistance or susceptibility, most of them are yet unknown compounds and further studies are needed to identify the metabolic pathways and genes involved. The results indicate a direct genetic correlation between biochemical-based resistance characteristics and reduced whitefly incidence in S. pennellii.展开更多
Indole is a signalling molecule produced both by bacteria and plants.In this review its signalling role between microbes and in particular in the human gut is discussed.Besides the natural roles,indole also has value ...Indole is a signalling molecule produced both by bacteria and plants.In this review its signalling role between microbes and in particular in the human gut is discussed.Besides the natural roles,indole also has value for flavour and fragrance applications,for example,in food industry or perfumery.Additionally,indole can be derivatized to several halogenated and oxygenated compounds that can be used as natural colourants or have promising bioactivity with therapeutic potential to treat human diseases.Indole is traditionally obtained from coal tar.Biocatalytic approaches have been developed to convert indole into halogenated and oxygenated derivatives.This review will discuss recent advances in production of indole from glucose or tryptophan by fermentation and the production of derived halogenated and oxygenated derivatives by microbial cell factories.展开更多
基金supported by a fellowship from the China Scholarship Council(CSC),award nr.202106300012 to X.W.from EU-RISE Evofruland:grant agreement no.101007738 to X.W.
文摘Tomato reproductive success and yield are particularly vulnerable to the negative effect of heat stress leading to stigma exsertion(protrusion)and lower pollen viability,both interfering with fertilization.Thus,understanding the regulation of these two traits in tomato is crucial for the yield and quality of the crop.Here,we found that knocking out the tomato MADS-domain transcription factor FRUITFULL2(FUL2)function leads to a higher incidence of parthenocarpy in tomato.This phenotype was primarily due to impeded selfpollination as a consequence of the higher frequency of stigma exsertion and lower fertilization rates due to reduced pollen quality.Stigma exsertion in ful2 mutants,in contrast to heat stress-induced exsertion,was caused by style elongation,particularly in the younger flowers of a truss.Interestingly,Quantitative Trait Loci for style elongation,stigma exsertion,and pollen viability map close to the position of FUL2 on chromosome 3,making it a candidate gene underlying these QTLs.At the molecular level,ful2 mutant styles have higher expression of Style2.1 and SE3.1,which are known as positive regulators of style length.In addition,after reducing the impact of style exsertion and low pollen quality by manual pollination with wild-type pollen,ful2 mutants exhibited reduced fruit size independent of seed number.This study reveals the contributions of flower number,style length,and pollen quality,as affected by FUL2,to tomato fertility and fruit size.
基金financially supported by the Technical Top Institute of Green Genetics(TTI-GGResistance mechanisms against whitefly in tomato project:3360124600),Monsanto Vegetable Seeds(Bergschenhoek,The Netherlands),Nunhems NL(Nunhem,the Netherlands),and Wageningen University and Research Centrepartially funded by the Netherlands Metabolomics Centre and the Centre of Biosystems Genomics,which are both part of the Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
文摘The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious threat in tomato cultivation worldwide as all varieties grown today are highly susceptible to this devastating herbivorous insect.Many accessions of the tomato wild relative Solanum pennellii show a high resistance towards B. tabaci. A mapping approach was used to elucidate the genetic background of whiteflyresistance related traits and associated biochemical traits in this species. Minor quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for whitefly adult survival（AS） and oviposition rate（OR） were identified and some were confirmed in an F2BC1 population, where they showed increased percentages of explained variance（more than 30%）. Bulked segregant analyses on pools of whiteflyresistant and-susceptible F2 plants enabled the identification of metabolites that correlate either with resistance or susceptibility. Genetic mapping of these metabolites showed that a large number of them co-localize with whiteflyresistance QTLs. Some of these whitefly-resistance QTLs are hotspots for metabolite QTLs. Although a large number of metabolite QTLs correlated to whitefly resistance or susceptibility, most of them are yet unknown compounds and further studies are needed to identify the metabolic pathways and genes involved. The results indicate a direct genetic correlation between biochemical-based resistance characteristics and reduced whitefly incidence in S. pennellii.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Support of the ERA CoBioTech project INDIE(European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No.722361)with national funding is acknowledged by KC and MM(Dutch research council(NWO)grant number 053.80.732)LF and VFW(Renewable Resources Scheme(FNR)of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture,Germany,grant number 22023517).
文摘Indole is a signalling molecule produced both by bacteria and plants.In this review its signalling role between microbes and in particular in the human gut is discussed.Besides the natural roles,indole also has value for flavour and fragrance applications,for example,in food industry or perfumery.Additionally,indole can be derivatized to several halogenated and oxygenated compounds that can be used as natural colourants or have promising bioactivity with therapeutic potential to treat human diseases.Indole is traditionally obtained from coal tar.Biocatalytic approaches have been developed to convert indole into halogenated and oxygenated derivatives.This review will discuss recent advances in production of indole from glucose or tryptophan by fermentation and the production of derived halogenated and oxygenated derivatives by microbial cell factories.
