Background:Black alder(Alnus glutinosa)forests are in severe decline across their area of distribution due to a disease caused by the soil-borne pathogenic Phytophthora alni species complex(class Oomycetes),“alder Ph...Background:Black alder(Alnus glutinosa)forests are in severe decline across their area of distribution due to a disease caused by the soil-borne pathogenic Phytophthora alni species complex(class Oomycetes),“alder Phytopththora”.Mapping of the different types of damages caused by the disease is challenging in high density ecosystems in which spectral variability is high due to canopy heterogeneity.Data obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)may be particularly useful for such tasks due to the high resolution,flexibility of acquisition and cost efficiency of this type of data.In this study,A.glutinosa decline was assessed by considering four categories of tree health status in the field:asymptomatic,dead and defoliation above and below a 50%threshold.A combination of multispectral Parrot Sequoia and UAV unmanned aerial vehicles-red green blue(RGB)data were analysed using classical random forest(RF)and a simple and robust three-step logistic modelling approaches to identify the most important forest health indicators while adhering to the principle of parsimony.A total of 34 remote sensing variables were considered,including a set of vegetation indices,texture features from the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and a digital surface model(DSM),topographic and digital aerial photogrammetry-derived structural data from the DSM at crown level.Results:The four categories identified by the RF yielded an overall accuracy of 67%,while aggregation of the legend to three classes(asymptomatic,defoliated,dead)and to two classes(alive,dead)improved the overall accuracy to 72%and 91%respectively.On the other hand,the confusion matrix,computed from the three logistic models by using the leave-out cross-validation method yielded overall accuracies of 75%,80%and 94%for four-,three-and two-level classifications,respectively.Discussion:The study findings provide forest managers with an alternative robust classification method for the rapid,effective assessment of areas affected and non-affected by the disease,thus enabling them to identify hotspots for conservation and plan control and restoration measures aimed at preserving black alder forests.展开更多
The deleterious effects of ultraviolet B(UV-B)radiation on photosynthesis and photosynthetic proteins of tropical and temperate plants have been studied.Like tropical plants(black gram and green gram),the temperate pl...The deleterious effects of ultraviolet B(UV-B)radiation on photosynthesis and photosynthetic proteins of tropical and temperate plants have been studied.Like tropical plants(black gram and green gram),the temperate plants(carrot and radish)also successfully grown in the tropical region.They were exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation under field condition.Comparative studies show that under enhanced UV-B radiation photosynthetic activity was increased in black gram.In green gram and radish the UV-B radiation slightly enhanced the photosynthetic activity,but it inhibited the photosynthetic activity in carrot.The comparative results showed changes in contents of thylakoid 55,47,43,33,29,27-25,23 and 17 kDa polypeptides that were significantly lowered in UV-B treated carrot plant when compared to other plants.The PSII protein profile results showed a strong correlation between the presence of a membrane polypeptide and photosynthetic activity.In black gram and green gram the UV-B radiation did not produce any significant difference in the PSII polypeptides.As in the case of radish the UV-B radiation increased the accumulation of 33-28 kDa protein and affected expression of the 63 kDa protein.In the case of carrot,severe degradation of 32 kDa and 33 kDa,corresponding to D1 and D2 core proteins of PSII,was observed.It could be concluded that the ability of plants to tolerate increased levels of UV-B radiation,relative to photosynthetic capacity,depends on acclimation processes of the plant in the growing region.展开更多
The contamination of the environment by organic pollutants is a major risk factor,particularly for developing countries.Selected organic pollutants(SOPs)like the phenolic compounds,polyaromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),pest...The contamination of the environment by organic pollutants is a major risk factor,particularly for developing countries.Selected organic pollutants(SOPs)like the phenolic compounds,polyaromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),pesticides,and herbicides pose serious environmental and health issues owing to their toxic characteristics and poor degradability.Apart from their potential mutagenicity,carcinogenicity,tetragenicity and high body accumulation,these pollutants have become an increase concern worldwide.Biosorption is a promising alternative strategy for removing organic pollutants during water purification processes.Biosorbents have several advantages such as simplicity of operation,good sorption capacity,high recoverability and modifiability.As a result,the focus and novelty of this review is on recent trends in the use of biosorbents,with a particular emphasis on the removal of SOPs from wastewater.It also cover use of bacteria biosorbents,fungal,algae and chitosan/chitin biosorbents.Apart from that,we have also reviewed various classes of SOPs,their levels in the environment,classification and available characteristics techniques suitable for the adsorption experiments of these nanocomposites materials.In addition,we have provided comprehensive explanations and conclusions on possible future application of biosorbents and the mechanism of adsorption of these materials for removal of these SOPs from wastewater during water purification processes.展开更多
This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the pr...This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.展开更多
Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life.The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology.In this study,we present a time-framed p...Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life.The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology.In this study,we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families,47 orders,14 classes and four subphyla;we update the outline of Basidiomycota based on the phylogenomic relationships and the taxonomic studies since 2019;and we provide notes for each order and discuss the history,defining characteristics,evolution,justification of orders,problems,significance,and plates.Our phylogenomic analysis suggests that the subphyla diverged in a time range of 443-490 Myr(million years),classes in a time range of 312-412 Myr,and orders in a time range of 102-361 Myr.Families diverged in a time range of 50-289 Myr,76-224 Myr,and 62-156 Myr in Agaricomycotina,Pucciniomycotina,and Ustilaginomycotina,respectively.Based on the phylogenomic relationships and divergence times,we propose a new suborder Mycenineae in Agaricales to accommodate Mycenaceae.In the current outline of Basidiomycota,there are four subphyla,20 classes,77 orders,297 families,and 2134 genera accepted.When building a robust taxonomy of Basidiomycota in the genomic era,the generation of molecular phylogenetic data has become relatively easier.Finding phenotypical characters,especially those that can be applied for identification and classification,however,has become increasingly challenging.展开更多
基金Supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China, Grant No. G2000046806, the Key Project of Scientific and Technological Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. KSCX2-SW-104, and the National Science Foundation of the United States, Grant No. DEB 0108536).
基金co-funded by the European Commission LIFE program-Project LIFE FLUVIAL,LIFE16 NAT/ES/000771supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)through FCT the Investigador FCT Programme(IF/00059/2015)+2 种基金through the CEEC Individual Programme(2020.03356.CEECIND)CEF was supported through the FCT UIDB/00239/2020supported by the‘National Programme for the Promotion of Talent and Its Employability’of the Ministry of Economy,Industry,and Competitiveness(Torres-Quevedo program)through a postdoctoral grant(PTQ2018-010043).
文摘Background:Black alder(Alnus glutinosa)forests are in severe decline across their area of distribution due to a disease caused by the soil-borne pathogenic Phytophthora alni species complex(class Oomycetes),“alder Phytopththora”.Mapping of the different types of damages caused by the disease is challenging in high density ecosystems in which spectral variability is high due to canopy heterogeneity.Data obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)may be particularly useful for such tasks due to the high resolution,flexibility of acquisition and cost efficiency of this type of data.In this study,A.glutinosa decline was assessed by considering four categories of tree health status in the field:asymptomatic,dead and defoliation above and below a 50%threshold.A combination of multispectral Parrot Sequoia and UAV unmanned aerial vehicles-red green blue(RGB)data were analysed using classical random forest(RF)and a simple and robust three-step logistic modelling approaches to identify the most important forest health indicators while adhering to the principle of parsimony.A total of 34 remote sensing variables were considered,including a set of vegetation indices,texture features from the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and a digital surface model(DSM),topographic and digital aerial photogrammetry-derived structural data from the DSM at crown level.Results:The four categories identified by the RF yielded an overall accuracy of 67%,while aggregation of the legend to three classes(asymptomatic,defoliated,dead)and to two classes(alive,dead)improved the overall accuracy to 72%and 91%respectively.On the other hand,the confusion matrix,computed from the three logistic models by using the leave-out cross-validation method yielded overall accuracies of 75%,80%and 94%for four-,three-and two-level classifications,respectively.Discussion:The study findings provide forest managers with an alternative robust classification method for the rapid,effective assessment of areas affected and non-affected by the disease,thus enabling them to identify hotspots for conservation and plan control and restoration measures aimed at preserving black alder forests.
文摘The deleterious effects of ultraviolet B(UV-B)radiation on photosynthesis and photosynthetic proteins of tropical and temperate plants have been studied.Like tropical plants(black gram and green gram),the temperate plants(carrot and radish)also successfully grown in the tropical region.They were exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation under field condition.Comparative studies show that under enhanced UV-B radiation photosynthetic activity was increased in black gram.In green gram and radish the UV-B radiation slightly enhanced the photosynthetic activity,but it inhibited the photosynthetic activity in carrot.The comparative results showed changes in contents of thylakoid 55,47,43,33,29,27-25,23 and 17 kDa polypeptides that were significantly lowered in UV-B treated carrot plant when compared to other plants.The PSII protein profile results showed a strong correlation between the presence of a membrane polypeptide and photosynthetic activity.In black gram and green gram the UV-B radiation did not produce any significant difference in the PSII polypeptides.As in the case of radish the UV-B radiation increased the accumulation of 33-28 kDa protein and affected expression of the 63 kDa protein.In the case of carrot,severe degradation of 32 kDa and 33 kDa,corresponding to D1 and D2 core proteins of PSII,was observed.It could be concluded that the ability of plants to tolerate increased levels of UV-B radiation,relative to photosynthetic capacity,depends on acclimation processes of the plant in the growing region.
基金the UJ Global Excellence and Stature(GES)for Postdoctoral Fellowship Award offered him as well as the University of Ilorin,Ilorin,Nigeria,for the one-year study leave granted the main author.The co-author(Prof J.C.Ngila)also thanks UJ Global Excellence and Stature Scholarship for the running cost paid by Water Research Commission(WRC)Project No.K5/2365.
文摘The contamination of the environment by organic pollutants is a major risk factor,particularly for developing countries.Selected organic pollutants(SOPs)like the phenolic compounds,polyaromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),pesticides,and herbicides pose serious environmental and health issues owing to their toxic characteristics and poor degradability.Apart from their potential mutagenicity,carcinogenicity,tetragenicity and high body accumulation,these pollutants have become an increase concern worldwide.Biosorption is a promising alternative strategy for removing organic pollutants during water purification processes.Biosorbents have several advantages such as simplicity of operation,good sorption capacity,high recoverability and modifiability.As a result,the focus and novelty of this review is on recent trends in the use of biosorbents,with a particular emphasis on the removal of SOPs from wastewater.It also cover use of bacteria biosorbents,fungal,algae and chitosan/chitin biosorbents.Apart from that,we have also reviewed various classes of SOPs,their levels in the environment,classification and available characteristics techniques suitable for the adsorption experiments of these nanocomposites materials.In addition,we have provided comprehensive explanations and conclusions on possible future application of biosorbents and the mechanism of adsorption of these materials for removal of these SOPs from wastewater during water purification processes.
文摘This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.
基金provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.32100011,31961143010,31970010,31470152)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant no.2021M693361)+3 种基金National Key R&D Program of China project”Accurate identification and innovative utilization of germplasm resources of edible mushrooms suitable for factory cultivation(Grant no.2022YFD1200605)Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(Grant no.BAIC03-01)Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant no.KFJ-BRP-009-003)Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Tibet(Grant no.ZL202203601).
文摘Basidiomycota is one of the major phyla in the fungal tree of life.The outline of Basidiomycota provides essential taxonomic information for researchers and workers in mycology.In this study,we present a time-framed phylogenomic tree with 487 species of Basidiomycota from 127 families,47 orders,14 classes and four subphyla;we update the outline of Basidiomycota based on the phylogenomic relationships and the taxonomic studies since 2019;and we provide notes for each order and discuss the history,defining characteristics,evolution,justification of orders,problems,significance,and plates.Our phylogenomic analysis suggests that the subphyla diverged in a time range of 443-490 Myr(million years),classes in a time range of 312-412 Myr,and orders in a time range of 102-361 Myr.Families diverged in a time range of 50-289 Myr,76-224 Myr,and 62-156 Myr in Agaricomycotina,Pucciniomycotina,and Ustilaginomycotina,respectively.Based on the phylogenomic relationships and divergence times,we propose a new suborder Mycenineae in Agaricales to accommodate Mycenaceae.In the current outline of Basidiomycota,there are four subphyla,20 classes,77 orders,297 families,and 2134 genera accepted.When building a robust taxonomy of Basidiomycota in the genomic era,the generation of molecular phylogenetic data has become relatively easier.Finding phenotypical characters,especially those that can be applied for identification and classification,however,has become increasingly challenging.
