Background:An urban medical group in Dapeng New District was established in 2017 with the objective of enhancing outcomes for common diseases and reinforcing primary care by integrating high‐level hospitals with prim...Background:An urban medical group in Dapeng New District was established in 2017 with the objective of enhancing outcomes for common diseases and reinforcing primary care by integrating high‐level hospitals with primary health services.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the urban medical group using the triangular value chain framework.Methods:The evaluation was conducted using the Donabedian model,focusing on three key dimensions:safety and quality,accessibility,and affordability.Longitudinal data were collected from 2016 to 2022 through government annual reports,the medical insurance bureau,and hospital information systems.Preprogram and postprogram outcome measurements were compared to assess differences and trends,providing a clear picture of the program's effectiveness.Results:Accessibility improved significantly,with the number of hospital beds per 1000 residents increasing from 2.62 in 2017 to 3.76 in 2022.The availability of general practitioners(GPs)also rose markedly,from 0 per 10,000 residents in 2017 to 6.27 in 2022.Regarding safety and quality,the proportion of complex medical procedures conducted within the New District expanded substantially,from 7.35%in 2017 to 38.11%in 2021.Additionally,there was an enhancement in the standardized management rate of chronic diseases.Affordability assessments showed that the proportion of medical income derived from the medical insurance fund increased by nearly 22.81 percentage points between 2012 and 2021.By 2021,75.02%of medical patients were covered by medical insurance,representing an increase of approximately 44 percentage points from 31.19%in 2012.Conclusions:The implementation of the urban medical group in Dapeng New District has led to substantial improvements in healthcare accessibility,safety and quality,and affordability.Future initiatives will focus on advancing the“Dapeng Mode”to generate exemplary healthcare outcomes and minimize disparities in basic health services and health status between urban and rural populations.The reform agenda includes piloting payment reforms and innovative payment models within the Dapeng group,complemented by a health assessment and performance incentive system aimed at encouraging healthcare institutions to prioritize health management.展开更多
The rapid evolution of digital health technologies has sparked transformative changes across the healthcare landscape.These advancements were at the heart of discussions during the recent academic conference co-organi...The rapid evolution of digital health technologies has sparked transformative changes across the healthcare landscape.These advancements were at the heart of discussions during the recent academic conference co-organized by The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University(FAH-SYSU)and University of California at Berkeley,the Pacific-Rim Conference on Healthcare Innovation(PRC-HI 2024),convening under the theme“The Future of Medicine:Integrating Robotics,AI and Healthcare.”This article distills the key developments and their implications for the future of healthcare,focusing on innovations in robotic surgery,health data science,and AI for medicine.展开更多
Background:A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity(PA)surveillance has been recommended.The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)is problema...Background:A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity(PA)surveillance has been recommended.The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)is problematic as these cut-points are often derived from non-representative samples under non-ecological laboratory conditions.This study aimed to develop age-and sex-(age-sex)specific cut-points for MVPA based on population-standardized values as a feasible approach to assess the adherence to PA guidelines and to investigate its associations with all-cause mortality.Methods:A total of 7601 participants(20-85+years)were drawn from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(NHANES).Minutes per week of MVPA were assessed with a hip-worn accelerometer.Counts per minute(CPM)were used to define an age-sex specific target intensity,representing the intensity each person should be able to reach based on their age and sex.Age-sex specific MVPA cut-points were defined as any activity above 40%of the target intensity.These population-and free-living-based age-sex specific cut-points overcome many of the limitations of the standard generic cut-point approach.For comparison,we also calculated MVPA with a generic cut-point of 1952 CPM.Both approaches were compared for assessing adherence to PA guidelines and association of MVPA with allcause mortality(ascertained through December 2015).Results:Both approaches indicated that 37%of the sample met the 150+min/week guideline.The generic cut-point approach showed a trend to inactivity with age,which was less pronounced using the age-sex specific cut-points.Overall mortality rates were comparable using generic cutpoint(hazard ratio(HR)=0.61,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.50-0.73)or age-sex specific cut-points(HR=0.57,95%CI:0.50-0.66)for the entire sample.The generic cut-point method revealed an age-and sex-related gap in the benefits of achieving 150+min/week of MVPA,with older adults showing an 18%greater reduction in mortality rates than younger adults,and a larger difference in women than in men.This disparity disappeared when using age-sex specific cut-points.Conclusion:Our findings underscore the value of age-sex specific cut-points for global PA surveillance.MVPA defined with age-sex specific thresholds was associated with all-cause mortality and the dose-response was similar for all ages and sexes.This aligns with the single recommendation of accumulating 150+min/week MVPA for all adults,irrespective of age and sex.This study serves as a proof of concept to develop this methodology for PA surveillance over more advanced open-source acceleration metrics and other national and international cohorts.展开更多
Background Little is known about the association between stressors(especially positive stressors)during pregnancy and postpartum depression and anxiety.Aims We investigated the association between positive and negativ...Background Little is known about the association between stressors(especially positive stressors)during pregnancy and postpartum depression and anxiety.Aims We investigated the association between positive and negative stress events during different stages of pregnancy and postpartum mental health outcomes among low-income pregnant women with symptoms of anxiety in Pakistan and evaluated whether an intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy(CBT)had a regulatory effect.Methods Participants were 621 pregnant Pakistani women with mild anxiety.Using the Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief Version,six scores were created to assess positive and negative stressors.We performed a multivariate linear regression to examine whether these six scores,measured both at baseline and in the third trimester,were associated with postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms.The effect of the intervention on this relationship was examined by adding an interaction term to the regression model.Results Hassles frequency measured in the third trimester was positively associated with depression(B=0.22,95%confidence interval(Cl):0.09 to 0.36)and anxiety(B=0.19,95%Cl:0.08to 0.30).At the same timepoint,uplifts intensity was negatively associated with symptoms of depression(B=-0.82,95%Cl:1.46 to-0.18)and anxiety(B=-0.70,95%Cl:-1.25 to-0.15),whereas hassles intensity was positively related to symptoms of depression(B=1.02,95%Cl:0.36 to 1.67)and anxiety(B=0.90,95%Cl:0.34 to 1.47).The intensity ratio of hassles to uplifts reported in the third trimester was positively related to both depression(B=1.40,95%Cl:0.59 to 2.20)and anxiety(B=1.26,95%Cl:0.57 to 1.96).The intervention strengthened the overall positive effects of uplfts and the negative effects of hassles.Pregnancy experiences at baseline during early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy were not associated with mental health outcomes.Conclusions Stressors in the third trimester but not earlier in pregnancy were associated with postpartum symptoms of anxiety and depression.The CBT intervention modified the association between pregnancy stressors and postpartum mental health outcomes.Programmes that promote positive experiences and reduce negative experiences,especially in late pregnancy,may mitigate postpartum mental health consequences.展开更多
1|THE FUTURE OF HEALTH IS DIGITAL.Digital health has shown significant promise in improving health outcomes.However,its transformation faces various challenges,including resource distribution disparities across countr...1|THE FUTURE OF HEALTH IS DIGITAL.Digital health has shown significant promise in improving health outcomes.However,its transformation faces various challenges,including resource distribution disparities across countries,varying definitions and standards for digital solutions,and a lack of coordination in digital health investments[1].展开更多
Simulations of contact problems involving at least one plastic solid may be costly due to their strong nonlinearity and requirements of stability.In this work,we develop an explicit asynchronous variational integrator...Simulations of contact problems involving at least one plastic solid may be costly due to their strong nonlinearity and requirements of stability.In this work,we develop an explicit asynchronous variational integrator(AVI)for inelastic non-frictional contact problems involving a plastic solid.The AVI assigns each element in the mesh an independent time step and updates the solution at the elements and nodes asynchronously.This asynchrony makes the AVI highly efficient in solving such bi-material problems.Taking advantage of the AVI,the constitutive update is locally performed in one element at a time,and contact constraints are also enforced on only one element.The time step of the contact element is subdivided into multiple segments,and the fields are updated accordingly.During a contact event,only one element involving a few degrees of freedom is considered,leading to high efficiency.The proposed formulation is first verified with a pure elastodynamics benchmark and further applied to a contact problem involving an elastoplastic solid with non-associative volumetric hardening.The numerical results indicate that the AVI exhibits excellent energy behaviors and has high computational efficiency.展开更多
The traditional approach with nutritional supplements is"one size fits all,"which has its limitations due to a lack of consideration of individual variations,including genetic background,health con-dition,li...The traditional approach with nutritional supplements is"one size fits all,"which has its limitations due to a lack of consideration of individual variations,including genetic background,health con-dition,lifestyle,and dietary intake.Depending on individual char-acteristics,the exact same nutritional supplementation could be beneficial,have no effect,or even be harmful.Precision nutrition has emerged as a new horizon,with the aim of carefully assessing individual nutritional and health needs and designing individually tailored diet and nutritional supplements.Engineering may play a significant role in each step of precision nutrition research and translation,including big data collection and management,nutri-tional and environmental assessment,data analyses,prediction,biomedical engineering,and nutritional engineering.The integra-tion of precision nutrition and engineering could enhance our abil-ity to best serve all people’s nutritional and health needs.展开更多
The aging of the global population is accelerating,and the ques-tion of how to extend the human life span-especially a healthy life span-has become a hot research topic at home and abroad.As people age,the structure a...The aging of the global population is accelerating,and the ques-tion of how to extend the human life span-especially a healthy life span-has become a hot research topic at home and abroad.As people age,the structure and function of various tissues and organs in the body will successively undergo varying degrees of decline;the rate and manifestation of the aging of each tissue and organ also differ.This decline is the root cause of the poor disease resis-tance of older people,making them prone to infections and various chronic diseases.Although studies have reported the 12 classic hallmarks of aging,and many cutting-edge research methods have been used to map the cellular atlas of aging,scholars have not been able to elucidate the specific changes in and molecular mecha-nisms of the aging of specific organs or the interactions between various tissues and organs,limiting the implementation of precise interventions against aging.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic presented unparalleled challenges to prompt and adaptive responses from nations worldwide.This review examines China's multifaceted approach to the crisis,focusing on five key areas of respon...The COVID-19 pandemic presented unparalleled challenges to prompt and adaptive responses from nations worldwide.This review examines China's multifaceted approach to the crisis,focusing on five key areas of response:infrastructure and system design,medical care and treatment,disease prevention and control,economic and social resilience,and China's engagement in global health.This review demonstrates the effectiveness of a top-down command system at the national level,intersectoral coordination,a legal framework,and public social governance.This study also examines medical care and treatment strategies,highlighting the importance of rapid emergency response,evidence-based treatment,and well-planned vaccination rollout.Further discussion on disease prevention and control measures emphasizes the importance of adaptive measures,timely infection control,transmission interruption,population herd immunity,and technology applications.Socioeconomic impact was also assessed,detailing strategies for disease prevention,material supply,livelihood preservation,and social economy revival.Lastly,we examine China's contributions to the global health community,with a focus on knowledge-sharing,information exchange,and multilateral assistance.While it is true that each nation's response must be tailored to its own context,there are universal lessons to be drawn from China's approach.These insights are pivotal for enhancing global health security,especially as the world navigates evolving health crises.展开更多
On October 19,2024,the 75th General Assembly of the World Medical Association(WMA)in Finland adopted the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki(DoH)—Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Part...On October 19,2024,the 75th General Assembly of the World Medical Association(WMA)in Finland adopted the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki(DoH)—Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants[1](hereafter referred to as“the Declaration”).This revision process took 30 months,with the working group comprising representatives from medical associations in 19 countries and regions.From April 2022 to September 2024,the working group held eight regional expert meetings and two times global consultations,gathering suggestions from both experts and the general public[2].Besides,the working group developed regular online meeting working mechanisms.展开更多
In this scoping review,we evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence(AI)in clinical radiology practice and examined health professionals'perspec-tives regarding AI use in radiology.This review followed t...In this scoping review,we evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence(AI)in clinical radiology practice and examined health professionals'perspec-tives regarding AI use in radiology.This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodological guidelines.We searched multiple databases and the gray literature from March 15,2016 to December 31,2023.Of 49 articles reviewed,13 assessed the performance of AI in radiology clinical practice,and 36 examined the attitudes of health professionals toward the use of AI in radi-ology.In four separate studies,AI significantly improved the diagnostic sensi-tivity or detection rate.Furthermore,six articles emphasized a significant reduction in case reading times with AI use.Although three studies suggested an increase in specificity with the assistance of AI,these findings did not reach statistical significance.Health professionals expressed the belief that AI would have a significant impact on radiology but would not replace radiologists in the near future.Limited knowledge of AI was observed among health professionals,Abbreviations:AI,artificial intelligence;NPV,negative predictive value;PPV,positive predictive value.Chanchan He and Weiqi Liu are co-first authors.who supported increased education and explicit regulations and guidelines related to AI.Overall,AI can enhance diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in clinical radiology practice.However,knowledge gaps and the concerns of health professionals should be addressed by prioritizing education and reinforcing ethical and legal regulations to facilitate the advancement of AI use in radiology.This scoping review provides evidence toward a comprehensive understanding of AI's potential in clinical radiology practice,promoting its use and stimulating further discussion on related challenges and implications.展开更多
In sub-Saharan Africa,limited studies have investigated zoonotic pathogens that may be harboured by ticks infesting reptiles such as tortoises.Here,we report the presence of pathogenic Rickettsia in ticks(Amblyomma ma...In sub-Saharan Africa,limited studies have investigated zoonotic pathogens that may be harboured by ticks infesting reptiles such as tortoises.Here,we report the presence of pathogenic Rickettsia in ticks(Amblyomma marmoreum)collected from the leopard tortoise(Geochelone pardalis)in rural Zambia.Using polymerase chain reaction,56%(49/87)of ticks were positive for the Rickettsia outer membrane protein(ompB)gene.Multi-locus sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on the ompB,ompA,and citrate synthase(gltA)genes showed that the ticks carried R.africae,and other Rickettsia spp.closely related to R.raoultii,R.massiliae,R.tamurae and R.monacensis.Given the proximity between humans,livestock,and wildlife in these habitats,there exists a considerable risk of transmission of zoonotic Rickettsia to human populations in this rural setting.These results call for heightened awareness and further research into the dynamics of tick-borne diseases in regions where humans and animals coexist,particularly in the context of tortoise-associated ticks as vectors.Understanding and addressing these potential disease vectors is crucial for effective public health measures and the prevention of Rickettsia zoonoses.展开更多
文摘Background:An urban medical group in Dapeng New District was established in 2017 with the objective of enhancing outcomes for common diseases and reinforcing primary care by integrating high‐level hospitals with primary health services.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the urban medical group using the triangular value chain framework.Methods:The evaluation was conducted using the Donabedian model,focusing on three key dimensions:safety and quality,accessibility,and affordability.Longitudinal data were collected from 2016 to 2022 through government annual reports,the medical insurance bureau,and hospital information systems.Preprogram and postprogram outcome measurements were compared to assess differences and trends,providing a clear picture of the program's effectiveness.Results:Accessibility improved significantly,with the number of hospital beds per 1000 residents increasing from 2.62 in 2017 to 3.76 in 2022.The availability of general practitioners(GPs)also rose markedly,from 0 per 10,000 residents in 2017 to 6.27 in 2022.Regarding safety and quality,the proportion of complex medical procedures conducted within the New District expanded substantially,from 7.35%in 2017 to 38.11%in 2021.Additionally,there was an enhancement in the standardized management rate of chronic diseases.Affordability assessments showed that the proportion of medical income derived from the medical insurance fund increased by nearly 22.81 percentage points between 2012 and 2021.By 2021,75.02%of medical patients were covered by medical insurance,representing an increase of approximately 44 percentage points from 31.19%in 2012.Conclusions:The implementation of the urban medical group in Dapeng New District has led to substantial improvements in healthcare accessibility,safety and quality,and affordability.Future initiatives will focus on advancing the“Dapeng Mode”to generate exemplary healthcare outcomes and minimize disparities in basic health services and health status between urban and rural populations.The reform agenda includes piloting payment reforms and innovative payment models within the Dapeng group,complemented by a health assessment and performance incentive system aimed at encouraging healthcare institutions to prioritize health management.
文摘The rapid evolution of digital health technologies has sparked transformative changes across the healthcare landscape.These advancements were at the heart of discussions during the recent academic conference co-organized by The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University(FAH-SYSU)and University of California at Berkeley,the Pacific-Rim Conference on Healthcare Innovation(PRC-HI 2024),convening under the theme“The Future of Medicine:Integrating Robotics,AI and Healthcare.”This article distills the key developments and their implications for the future of healthcare,focusing on innovations in robotic surgery,health data science,and AI for medicine.
基金supported in part by the intramural research programs at the National Institute on Aging and National Cancer Institute(USA)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities under Beatriz Galindo's 2022 fellowship program(BG22/00075).
文摘Background:A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity(PA)surveillance has been recommended.The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)is problematic as these cut-points are often derived from non-representative samples under non-ecological laboratory conditions.This study aimed to develop age-and sex-(age-sex)specific cut-points for MVPA based on population-standardized values as a feasible approach to assess the adherence to PA guidelines and to investigate its associations with all-cause mortality.Methods:A total of 7601 participants(20-85+years)were drawn from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(NHANES).Minutes per week of MVPA were assessed with a hip-worn accelerometer.Counts per minute(CPM)were used to define an age-sex specific target intensity,representing the intensity each person should be able to reach based on their age and sex.Age-sex specific MVPA cut-points were defined as any activity above 40%of the target intensity.These population-and free-living-based age-sex specific cut-points overcome many of the limitations of the standard generic cut-point approach.For comparison,we also calculated MVPA with a generic cut-point of 1952 CPM.Both approaches were compared for assessing adherence to PA guidelines and association of MVPA with allcause mortality(ascertained through December 2015).Results:Both approaches indicated that 37%of the sample met the 150+min/week guideline.The generic cut-point approach showed a trend to inactivity with age,which was less pronounced using the age-sex specific cut-points.Overall mortality rates were comparable using generic cutpoint(hazard ratio(HR)=0.61,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.50-0.73)or age-sex specific cut-points(HR=0.57,95%CI:0.50-0.66)for the entire sample.The generic cut-point method revealed an age-and sex-related gap in the benefits of achieving 150+min/week of MVPA,with older adults showing an 18%greater reduction in mortality rates than younger adults,and a larger difference in women than in men.This disparity disappeared when using age-sex specific cut-points.Conclusion:Our findings underscore the value of age-sex specific cut-points for global PA surveillance.MVPA defined with age-sex specific thresholds was associated with all-cause mortality and the dose-response was similar for all ages and sexes.This aligns with the single recommendation of accumulating 150+min/week MVPA for all adults,irrespective of age and sex.This study serves as a proof of concept to develop this methodology for PA surveillance over more advanced open-source acceleration metrics and other national and international cohorts.
基金the National Institute of Mental Health at the US National Institutes of Health(grant number:R01 MH111859).
文摘Background Little is known about the association between stressors(especially positive stressors)during pregnancy and postpartum depression and anxiety.Aims We investigated the association between positive and negative stress events during different stages of pregnancy and postpartum mental health outcomes among low-income pregnant women with symptoms of anxiety in Pakistan and evaluated whether an intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy(CBT)had a regulatory effect.Methods Participants were 621 pregnant Pakistani women with mild anxiety.Using the Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief Version,six scores were created to assess positive and negative stressors.We performed a multivariate linear regression to examine whether these six scores,measured both at baseline and in the third trimester,were associated with postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms.The effect of the intervention on this relationship was examined by adding an interaction term to the regression model.Results Hassles frequency measured in the third trimester was positively associated with depression(B=0.22,95%confidence interval(Cl):0.09 to 0.36)and anxiety(B=0.19,95%Cl:0.08to 0.30).At the same timepoint,uplifts intensity was negatively associated with symptoms of depression(B=-0.82,95%Cl:1.46 to-0.18)and anxiety(B=-0.70,95%Cl:-1.25 to-0.15),whereas hassles intensity was positively related to symptoms of depression(B=1.02,95%Cl:0.36 to 1.67)and anxiety(B=0.90,95%Cl:0.34 to 1.47).The intensity ratio of hassles to uplifts reported in the third trimester was positively related to both depression(B=1.40,95%Cl:0.59 to 2.20)and anxiety(B=1.26,95%Cl:0.57 to 1.96).The intervention strengthened the overall positive effects of uplfts and the negative effects of hassles.Pregnancy experiences at baseline during early pregnancy to mid-pregnancy were not associated with mental health outcomes.Conclusions Stressors in the third trimester but not earlier in pregnancy were associated with postpartum symptoms of anxiety and depression.The CBT intervention modified the association between pregnancy stressors and postpartum mental health outcomes.Programmes that promote positive experiences and reduce negative experiences,especially in late pregnancy,may mitigate postpartum mental health consequences.
基金The Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Project,Grant/Award Number:2023ZD0508506National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2022YFC2705001,2023YFC2706305。
文摘1|THE FUTURE OF HEALTH IS DIGITAL.Digital health has shown significant promise in improving health outcomes.However,its transformation faces various challenges,including resource distribution disparities across countries,varying definitions and standards for digital solutions,and a lack of coordination in digital health investments[1].
基金support from the Hui-Chun Chin and Tsung-Dao Lee Chinese Undergraduate Research Endowment(CURE).
文摘Simulations of contact problems involving at least one plastic solid may be costly due to their strong nonlinearity and requirements of stability.In this work,we develop an explicit asynchronous variational integrator(AVI)for inelastic non-frictional contact problems involving a plastic solid.The AVI assigns each element in the mesh an independent time step and updates the solution at the elements and nodes asynchronously.This asynchrony makes the AVI highly efficient in solving such bi-material problems.Taking advantage of the AVI,the constitutive update is locally performed in one element at a time,and contact constraints are also enforced on only one element.The time step of the contact element is subdivided into multiple segments,and the fields are updated accordingly.During a contact event,only one element involving a few degrees of freedom is considered,leading to high efficiency.The proposed formulation is first verified with a pure elastodynamics benchmark and further applied to a contact problem involving an elastoplastic solid with non-associative volumetric hardening.The numerical results indicate that the AVI exhibits excellent energy behaviors and has high computational efficiency.
文摘The traditional approach with nutritional supplements is"one size fits all,"which has its limitations due to a lack of consideration of individual variations,including genetic background,health con-dition,lifestyle,and dietary intake.Depending on individual char-acteristics,the exact same nutritional supplementation could be beneficial,have no effect,or even be harmful.Precision nutrition has emerged as a new horizon,with the aim of carefully assessing individual nutritional and health needs and designing individually tailored diet and nutritional supplements.Engineering may play a significant role in each step of precision nutrition research and translation,including big data collection and management,nutri-tional and environmental assessment,data analyses,prediction,biomedical engineering,and nutritional engineering.The integra-tion of precision nutrition and engineering could enhance our abil-ity to best serve all people’s nutritional and health needs.
文摘The aging of the global population is accelerating,and the ques-tion of how to extend the human life span-especially a healthy life span-has become a hot research topic at home and abroad.As people age,the structure and function of various tissues and organs in the body will successively undergo varying degrees of decline;the rate and manifestation of the aging of each tissue and organ also differ.This decline is the root cause of the poor disease resis-tance of older people,making them prone to infections and various chronic diseases.Although studies have reported the 12 classic hallmarks of aging,and many cutting-edge research methods have been used to map the cellular atlas of aging,scholars have not been able to elucidate the specific changes in and molecular mecha-nisms of the aging of specific organs or the interactions between various tissues and organs,limiting the implementation of precise interventions against aging.
基金Tsinghua University Start-up Fund,Grant/Award Number:53335000124。
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic presented unparalleled challenges to prompt and adaptive responses from nations worldwide.This review examines China's multifaceted approach to the crisis,focusing on five key areas of response:infrastructure and system design,medical care and treatment,disease prevention and control,economic and social resilience,and China's engagement in global health.This review demonstrates the effectiveness of a top-down command system at the national level,intersectoral coordination,a legal framework,and public social governance.This study also examines medical care and treatment strategies,highlighting the importance of rapid emergency response,evidence-based treatment,and well-planned vaccination rollout.Further discussion on disease prevention and control measures emphasizes the importance of adaptive measures,timely infection control,transmission interruption,population herd immunity,and technology applications.Socioeconomic impact was also assessed,detailing strategies for disease prevention,material supply,livelihood preservation,and social economy revival.Lastly,we examine China's contributions to the global health community,with a focus on knowledge-sharing,information exchange,and multilateral assistance.While it is true that each nation's response must be tailored to its own context,there are universal lessons to be drawn from China's approach.These insights are pivotal for enhancing global health security,especially as the world navigates evolving health crises.
基金Tsinghua University Start-up Fund,Grant/Award Number:53335000124.
文摘On October 19,2024,the 75th General Assembly of the World Medical Association(WMA)in Finland adopted the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki(DoH)—Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Participants[1](hereafter referred to as“the Declaration”).This revision process took 30 months,with the working group comprising representatives from medical associations in 19 countries and regions.From April 2022 to September 2024,the working group held eight regional expert meetings and two times global consultations,gathering suggestions from both experts and the general public[2].Besides,the working group developed regular online meeting working mechanisms.
文摘In this scoping review,we evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence(AI)in clinical radiology practice and examined health professionals'perspec-tives regarding AI use in radiology.This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodological guidelines.We searched multiple databases and the gray literature from March 15,2016 to December 31,2023.Of 49 articles reviewed,13 assessed the performance of AI in radiology clinical practice,and 36 examined the attitudes of health professionals toward the use of AI in radi-ology.In four separate studies,AI significantly improved the diagnostic sensi-tivity or detection rate.Furthermore,six articles emphasized a significant reduction in case reading times with AI use.Although three studies suggested an increase in specificity with the assistance of AI,these findings did not reach statistical significance.Health professionals expressed the belief that AI would have a significant impact on radiology but would not replace radiologists in the near future.Limited knowledge of AI was observed among health professionals,Abbreviations:AI,artificial intelligence;NPV,negative predictive value;PPV,positive predictive value.Chanchan He and Weiqi Liu are co-first authors.who supported increased education and explicit regulations and guidelines related to AI.Overall,AI can enhance diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in clinical radiology practice.However,knowledge gaps and the concerns of health professionals should be addressed by prioritizing education and reinforcing ethical and legal regulations to facilitate the advancement of AI use in radiology.This scoping review provides evidence toward a comprehensive understanding of AI's potential in clinical radiology practice,promoting its use and stimulating further discussion on related challenges and implications.
文摘In sub-Saharan Africa,limited studies have investigated zoonotic pathogens that may be harboured by ticks infesting reptiles such as tortoises.Here,we report the presence of pathogenic Rickettsia in ticks(Amblyomma marmoreum)collected from the leopard tortoise(Geochelone pardalis)in rural Zambia.Using polymerase chain reaction,56%(49/87)of ticks were positive for the Rickettsia outer membrane protein(ompB)gene.Multi-locus sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on the ompB,ompA,and citrate synthase(gltA)genes showed that the ticks carried R.africae,and other Rickettsia spp.closely related to R.raoultii,R.massiliae,R.tamurae and R.monacensis.Given the proximity between humans,livestock,and wildlife in these habitats,there exists a considerable risk of transmission of zoonotic Rickettsia to human populations in this rural setting.These results call for heightened awareness and further research into the dynamics of tick-borne diseases in regions where humans and animals coexist,particularly in the context of tortoise-associated ticks as vectors.Understanding and addressing these potential disease vectors is crucial for effective public health measures and the prevention of Rickettsia zoonoses.
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health USA(P30 ES 003819,P01 ES 006052,N01 CN-25437,U01 CA77130,R21 CA98485)the National Science and Technology Mega-Projects of China(No.2008ZX10002-015,No.2012ZX10002-008)
