Inductively coupled plasmas （ICPs） are used in spectrochemical analyses. The introduction of the sample by means of an aerosol are widely used. The introduction and the total evaporation of the aerosol is required i...Inductively coupled plasmas （ICPs） are used in spectrochemical analyses. The introduction of the sample by means of an aerosol are widely used. The introduction and the total evaporation of the aerosol is required in order to obtain a good repeatability and reproducibility of analyses. To check whether the vaporization of the aerosol droplets inside the plasma is completed, a solution could be used to compare the experimental results of the emission spectral lines with theoretical results. An accurate calculation code to obtain monatomic spectral lines intensities is therefore required, which is the purpose of the present paper. The mixtures of argon, water and nitric acid are widely used in spectrochemical analyses with ICPs. With these mixtures, we calculate the composition, thermodynamic functions and monatomic spectral lines intensities of the plasma at thermodynamic equilibrium and at atmospheric pressure. To obtain a self sufficient paper and also to allow other researchers to compare their results, all required data and a robust accurate algorithm, which is simple and easy to compute, are given.展开更多
Purpose: This study aimed to explore neuromuscular fatigue and recovery profiles im individuals with intellectual disability(ID) after exhausting submaximal contraction.Methods: Ten men with ID were compared to 10 men...Purpose: This study aimed to explore neuromuscular fatigue and recovery profiles im individuals with intellectual disability(ID) after exhausting submaximal contraction.Methods: Ten men with ID were compared to 10 men without ID. The evaluation of neuromuscular function consisted in brief(3 s) isometric maximal voluntary contraction(IMVC) of the knee extension superimposed with electrical nerve stimulation before, immediately after, and during33 min after an exhausting submaximal isometric task at 15% of the IMVC. Force, voluntary activation level(VAL), potentiated twitch(Ptw), and electromyography(EMG) signals were measured during IMVC and then analyzed.Results: Individuals with ID developed lower baseline IMVC, VAL, Ptw; and RMS/M_(max) ratio(root-mean-square value normalized to the maximal peak-to-peak amplitude of the M-wave) than controls(p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the time to task failure was significantly longer in ID vs. controls(p < 0.05). The 2 groups presented similar IMVC decline and recovery kinetics after the fatiguing exercise. However. individuals with ID presented higher VAL and RMS/M_(max) ratio declines but lower Ptw decline compared to those without ID. Moreover, individuals with ID demonstrated a persistent central fatigue but faster recovery from peripheral fatigue.Conclusion: These differences in neuromuscular fatigue profiles and recovery kinetics should be acknowledged when prescribing training programs for individuals with ID.展开更多
文摘Inductively coupled plasmas （ICPs） are used in spectrochemical analyses. The introduction of the sample by means of an aerosol are widely used. The introduction and the total evaporation of the aerosol is required in order to obtain a good repeatability and reproducibility of analyses. To check whether the vaporization of the aerosol droplets inside the plasma is completed, a solution could be used to compare the experimental results of the emission spectral lines with theoretical results. An accurate calculation code to obtain monatomic spectral lines intensities is therefore required, which is the purpose of the present paper. The mixtures of argon, water and nitric acid are widely used in spectrochemical analyses with ICPs. With these mixtures, we calculate the composition, thermodynamic functions and monatomic spectral lines intensities of the plasma at thermodynamic equilibrium and at atmospheric pressure. To obtain a self sufficient paper and also to allow other researchers to compare their results, all required data and a robust accurate algorithm, which is simple and easy to compute, are given.
文摘Purpose: This study aimed to explore neuromuscular fatigue and recovery profiles im individuals with intellectual disability(ID) after exhausting submaximal contraction.Methods: Ten men with ID were compared to 10 men without ID. The evaluation of neuromuscular function consisted in brief(3 s) isometric maximal voluntary contraction(IMVC) of the knee extension superimposed with electrical nerve stimulation before, immediately after, and during33 min after an exhausting submaximal isometric task at 15% of the IMVC. Force, voluntary activation level(VAL), potentiated twitch(Ptw), and electromyography(EMG) signals were measured during IMVC and then analyzed.Results: Individuals with ID developed lower baseline IMVC, VAL, Ptw; and RMS/M_(max) ratio(root-mean-square value normalized to the maximal peak-to-peak amplitude of the M-wave) than controls(p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the time to task failure was significantly longer in ID vs. controls(p < 0.05). The 2 groups presented similar IMVC decline and recovery kinetics after the fatiguing exercise. However. individuals with ID presented higher VAL and RMS/M_(max) ratio declines but lower Ptw decline compared to those without ID. Moreover, individuals with ID demonstrated a persistent central fatigue but faster recovery from peripheral fatigue.Conclusion: These differences in neuromuscular fatigue profiles and recovery kinetics should be acknowledged when prescribing training programs for individuals with ID.
