This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.Phyl...This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.Phylogenetic analyses revealed Encoelia and Encoelioideae to be highly polyphyletic,with species distributed among eight major lineages.Encoelia fascicularis and E.pruinosa belonged to Sclerotiniaceae and were combined in a new genus,Sclerencoelia.Rutstroemiaceae comprised E.tiliacea and Dencoeliopsis johnstonii,both accepted in Rutstroemia.The type of Encoelia,E.furfuracea,was closely related to species of Velutarina,Cenangiopsis and Crumenulopsis.These species together with members of Hemiphacidiaceae formed a clade conforming to the emended concept of Cenangiaceae,introduced here.Another resurrected family,Cordieritidaceae,comprised E.fimbriata,E.heteromera and species of Ameghiniella,Cordierites,Diplocarpa and Ionomidotis,characterised by inamyloid asci and a positive ionomidotic reaction.Encoelia glauca showed closest affinities with Chlorociboria species in Chlorociboriaceae.A new genus,Xeropilidium,with sporodochial and pycnidial synanamorphs,was described for the distinct encoelioid member of the Chaetomellaceae,previously known as E.fuckelii.Morphological and ecological synapomorphies were distinguished from convergent characters to delimit monophyletic taxa including encoelioid fungi.Incorporation of public sequences from various biological samples in ITS rDNA analyses allowed identification of sequenced organisms at species,genus,or family level and added information on the ecology of seversal taxa.Members of Cenangiaceae appeared to be widespread as endophytes.Inclusion of encoelioid genera in Chaetomellaceae and Sclerotiniaceae added xylicolous saprotrophs to these families.展开更多
Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2–3 million.The higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics s...Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2–3 million.The higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics since Hibbett et al.,and the definition and the higher ranks(e.g.,phyla)of the‘true fungi’have been revised in several subsequent publications.Rapid accumulation of novel genomic data and the advancements in phylogenetics now facilitate a robust and precise foundation for the higher-level classification within the kingdom.This study provides an updated classification of the kingdom Fungi,drawing upon a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Holomycota,with which we outline well-supported nodes of the fungal tree and explore more contentious groupings.We accept 19 phyla of Fungi,viz.Aphelidiomycota,Ascomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Basidiomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Entorrhizomycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota,Sanchytriomycota,and Zoopagomycota.In the phylogenies,Caulochytriomycota resides in Chytridiomycota;thus,the former is regarded as a synonym of the latter,while Caulochytriomycetes is viewed as a class in Chytridiomycota.We provide a description of each phylum followed by its classes.A new subphylum,Sanchytriomycotina Karpov is introduced as the only subphylum in Sanchytriomycota.The subclass Pneumocystomycetidae Kirk et al.in Pneumocystomycetes,Ascomycota is invalid and thus validated.Placements of fossil fungi in phyla and classes are also discussed,providing examples.展开更多
Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2-3 million.The higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics si...Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2-3 million.The higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics since Hibbett et al.,and the definition and the higher ranks(e.g.,phyla)of the‘true fungi’have been revised in several subsequent publications.Rapid accumulation of novel genomic data and the advancements in phylogenetics now facilitate a robust and precise foundation for the higher-level classification within the kingdom.This study provides an updated classification of the kingdom Fungi,drawing upon a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Holomycota,with which we outline well-supported nodes of the fungal tree and explore more contentious groupings.We accept 19 phyla of Fungi,viz.Aphelidiomycota,Ascomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Basidiomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Entorrhizomycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocal-limastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota,Sanchytriomycota,and Zoopagomycota.In the phylogenies,Caulochy-triomycota resides in Chytridiomycota;thus,the former is regarded as a synonym of the latter,while Caulochytriomycetes is viewed as a class in Chytridiomycota.We provide a description of each phylum followed by its classes.A new subphylum,Sanchytriomycotina Karpov is introduced as the only subphylum in Sanchytriomycota.The subclass Pneumocystomycetidae Kirk et al.in Pneumocystomycetes,Ascomycota is invalid and thus validated.Placements of fossil fungi in phyla and classes are also discussed,providing examples.展开更多
基金supported by the Estonian Science Agency(project IUT20-30)the European Regional Development Fund(Centre of Excellence EcolChange).
文摘This study focuses on the genus Encoelia and the subfamily Encoelioideae in the morphologically and ecologically diverse Helotiales.The 28S and 18S rDNA as well as tef1,rpb1 and rpb2 were sequenced for 70 species.Phylogenetic analyses revealed Encoelia and Encoelioideae to be highly polyphyletic,with species distributed among eight major lineages.Encoelia fascicularis and E.pruinosa belonged to Sclerotiniaceae and were combined in a new genus,Sclerencoelia.Rutstroemiaceae comprised E.tiliacea and Dencoeliopsis johnstonii,both accepted in Rutstroemia.The type of Encoelia,E.furfuracea,was closely related to species of Velutarina,Cenangiopsis and Crumenulopsis.These species together with members of Hemiphacidiaceae formed a clade conforming to the emended concept of Cenangiaceae,introduced here.Another resurrected family,Cordieritidaceae,comprised E.fimbriata,E.heteromera and species of Ameghiniella,Cordierites,Diplocarpa and Ionomidotis,characterised by inamyloid asci and a positive ionomidotic reaction.Encoelia glauca showed closest affinities with Chlorociboria species in Chlorociboriaceae.A new genus,Xeropilidium,with sporodochial and pycnidial synanamorphs,was described for the distinct encoelioid member of the Chaetomellaceae,previously known as E.fuckelii.Morphological and ecological synapomorphies were distinguished from convergent characters to delimit monophyletic taxa including encoelioid fungi.Incorporation of public sequences from various biological samples in ITS rDNA analyses allowed identification of sequenced organisms at species,genus,or family level and added information on the ecology of seversal taxa.Members of Cenangiaceae appeared to be widespread as endophytes.Inclusion of encoelioid genera in Chaetomellaceae and Sclerotiniaceae added xylicolous saprotrophs to these families.
基金provide by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32460002,31960005,32000009,32170019,NSFC 32260004)ussian Science Foundation(Nos.24-44-00099,23-74-00071,24-44-00099)+14 种基金National Research Council of Thailand(No.N42A650547)National Institute of Nursing Research(1P20GM152333-01)National Science Foundation(2029478)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,23K05900)National Science Foundation of China(32150410362)Croatian Science Foundation(HRZZIP-2022-10-5219)RSF(21-74-20089)ZIN RAS(122031100260-0)Science and Technology Human Resource Development Project(R3RJ2)Asian Development Bank,Conselho Naional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(306632/2022-5),zygosporic fungi in the Atlantic Forest of Pernambuco and Paraiba,Brazil(FACEPE–APQ-1346-2.12/22),Agriculture Sci-Tech Renovation(XJNKYWDZC–2022004)Research Foundation—Flanders(1206024N),FWF(P31038)Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province“High-End Foreign Experts,National Centre for Research and Development,Poland”(Tango-IV-C/0005/2019)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(2021FYB0005)Smart Yunnan Project(E13K281261)High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Provinces.
文摘Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2–3 million.The higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics since Hibbett et al.,and the definition and the higher ranks(e.g.,phyla)of the‘true fungi’have been revised in several subsequent publications.Rapid accumulation of novel genomic data and the advancements in phylogenetics now facilitate a robust and precise foundation for the higher-level classification within the kingdom.This study provides an updated classification of the kingdom Fungi,drawing upon a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Holomycota,with which we outline well-supported nodes of the fungal tree and explore more contentious groupings.We accept 19 phyla of Fungi,viz.Aphelidiomycota,Ascomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Basidiomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Entorrhizomycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota,Sanchytriomycota,and Zoopagomycota.In the phylogenies,Caulochytriomycota resides in Chytridiomycota;thus,the former is regarded as a synonym of the latter,while Caulochytriomycetes is viewed as a class in Chytridiomycota.We provide a description of each phylum followed by its classes.A new subphylum,Sanchytriomycotina Karpov is introduced as the only subphylum in Sanchytriomycota.The subclass Pneumocystomycetidae Kirk et al.in Pneumocystomycetes,Ascomycota is invalid and thus validated.Placements of fossil fungi in phyla and classes are also discussed,providing examples.
基金provide by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32460002,31960005,32000009,32170019,NSFC 32260004)Russian Science Foundation(Nos.24-44-00099,23-74-00071,24-44-00099)+17 种基金National Research Council of Thailand(No.N42A650547)National Institute of Nursing Research(1P20GM152333-01)National Science Foundation(2029478)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS,23K05900)National Science Foundation of China(32150410362)Croatian Science Foundation(HRZZ-IP-2022-10-5219)RSF(21-74-20089)ZIN RAS(122031100260-0)Science and Technology Human Resource Development Project(R3RJ2)Asian Development Bank,Conselho Naional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(306632/2022-5)zygosporic fungi in the Atlantic Forest of Pernambuco and Paraíba,Brazil(FACEPE-APQ-1346-2.12/22)Agriculture Sci-Tech Renovation(XJNKYWDZC-2022004)Research Foundation-Flanders(1206024N)FWF(P31038)Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province“High-End Foreign Experts”,National Centre for Research and Development,Poland(Tango-Ⅳ-C/0005/2019)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(2021FYB0005)Smart Yunnan Project(E13K281261)High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Provinces.
文摘Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms with an estimated number of species in the range of 2-3 million.The higher-level ranking of fungi has been discussed in the framework of molecular phylogenetics since Hibbett et al.,and the definition and the higher ranks(e.g.,phyla)of the‘true fungi’have been revised in several subsequent publications.Rapid accumulation of novel genomic data and the advancements in phylogenetics now facilitate a robust and precise foundation for the higher-level classification within the kingdom.This study provides an updated classification of the kingdom Fungi,drawing upon a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of Holomycota,with which we outline well-supported nodes of the fungal tree and explore more contentious groupings.We accept 19 phyla of Fungi,viz.Aphelidiomycota,Ascomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Basidiomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Entorrhizomycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocal-limastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota,Sanchytriomycota,and Zoopagomycota.In the phylogenies,Caulochy-triomycota resides in Chytridiomycota;thus,the former is regarded as a synonym of the latter,while Caulochytriomycetes is viewed as a class in Chytridiomycota.We provide a description of each phylum followed by its classes.A new subphylum,Sanchytriomycotina Karpov is introduced as the only subphylum in Sanchytriomycota.The subclass Pneumocystomycetidae Kirk et al.in Pneumocystomycetes,Ascomycota is invalid and thus validated.Placements of fossil fungi in phyla and classes are also discussed,providing examples.
