In this paper,we present a method of wavelet estimation by matching well-log, VSP,and surface-seismic data.It＇s based on a statistical model in which both input and output are contaminated with additive random noise....In this paper,we present a method of wavelet estimation by matching well-log, VSP,and surface-seismic data.It＇s based on a statistical model in which both input and output are contaminated with additive random noise.A coherency matching technique is used to estimate the wavelet.Measurements of goodness-of-fit and accuracy provide tools for quality control.A practical example suggests that our method is robust and stable.The matching and estimation of the wavelet is reliable within the seismic bandwidth.This method needs no assumption on the wavelet amplitude and phase and the main advantage of the method is its ability to determine phase.展开更多
Recent research has confirmed the predictive effect of general foreign language(FL) achievement on Foreign Language Enjoyment(FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety(FLCA).However,few studies have examined the eff...Recent research has confirmed the predictive effect of general foreign language(FL) achievement on Foreign Language Enjoyment(FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety(FLCA).However,few studies have examined the effect of domain-specific language achievement in shaping FL learning emotions.The present study thus aims to examine how FLE and FLCA are linked to overall FL achievement and self-perceived achievement in six different domains across listening,speaking,reading,writing,vocabulary,and grammar.A total of 1,415 Chinese senior secondary students participated in the questionnaire survey.Regression analyses showed that 1) both FLE and FLCA were predicted more by self-perceived general English proficiency,while less by actual English achievement;2) perceptions of speaking and grammar competence were significant predictors of both emotions;3) perceived reading competence predicted FLE significantly but not FLCA;and that 4) perceptions of listening,writing,and vocabulary competence predicted neither FLE nor FLCA.The implication is that domain-specificity should be taken into consideration in future explorations of FL emotions.展开更多
On the transmission line,the invasion of foreign objects such as kites,plastic bags,and balloons and the damage to electronic components are common transmission line faults.Detecting these faults is of great significa...On the transmission line,the invasion of foreign objects such as kites,plastic bags,and balloons and the damage to electronic components are common transmission line faults.Detecting these faults is of great significance for the safe operation of power systems.Therefore,a YOLOv5 target detection method based on a deep convolution neural network is proposed.In this paper,Mobilenetv2 is used to replace Cross Stage Partial(CSP)-Darknet53 as the backbone.The structure uses depth-wise separable convolution to reduce the amount of calculation and parameters;improve the detection rate.At the same time,to compensate for the detection accuracy,the Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks(SENet)attention model is fused into the algorithm framework and a new detection scale suitable for small targets is added to improve the significance of the fault target area in the image.Collect pictures of foreign matters such as kites,plastic bags,balloons,and insulator defects of transmission lines,and sort theminto a data set.The experimental results on datasets show that themean Accuracy Precision(mAP)and recall rate of the algorithm can reach 92.1%and 92.4%,respectively.At the same time,by comparison,the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm is higher than that of other methods.展开更多
This study aims to examine the green innovation effect of the carbon emissions pilot policy in China.First,using the difference-in-differences method and regressions of instrumental variables using the data from Chine...This study aims to examine the green innovation effect of the carbon emissions pilot policy in China.First,using the difference-in-differences method and regressions of instrumental variables using the data from Chinese listed firms,we verify that the policy promotes green innovation among regulated firms and is more pronounced among state-owned enterprises,firms in the eastern region,and those with lower financing constraints.Furthermore,this positive effect spreads downstream relative to the regulated firms through input–output linkages,but reduces green innovation to upstream firms.Accordingly,such diffusion of innovation is achieved through the price mechanism.The results necessitate the introduction of various derivatives to mobilize the market to reduce the speculative volatility of carbon prices.In addition,relevant supporting policies must be established to encourage corporate innovation to reduce the crowding-out effect owing to emission reduction and the nonmarket factors.展开更多
Mantle xenocrysts from early Triassic kimberlite pipes from Kharamai, Ary-Mastakh and Kuranakh fields in the Anabar shield of Siberia revealing similar compositional trends were studied to estimate the superplume infl...Mantle xenocrysts from early Triassic kimberlite pipes from Kharamai, Ary-Mastakh and Kuranakh fields in the Anabar shield of Siberia revealing similar compositional trends were studied to estimate the superplume influence on the subcratonic lithosphere mantle （SCLM）. Pressure-temperature （PT） reconstructions using monomineral thermobarometry for 5 phases show division of the SCLM beneath the Kharamai field into 6 units： pyroxenitic Fe-rich （1-2 GPa） and Mg-rich （2-3 GPa） layers; middle with two levels of Gar-Sp pyroxenites at - 3 and 4-5 GPa; Gar-dunite-harzburgites - 4.5-6.5 GPa subjected to llm-Px vein metasomatism; and a Mg-rich dunite lower part. In the Anabar shield （Ary-Mastakh, Dyuken and Kuranakh fields） mantle lithosphere is composed of three large units divided into two parts： upper part with amphiboles and phlogopite; two levels of pyroxenites and eclogites at 3 and 4 GPa, and a lower part composed of refertilized dunites. Diagrams showing P-Fe#Gar clusters for garnets and omphacites illustrate the differences between SCLM of these localities. Differences of Triassic SCLM from Devonian SCLM are in simple layering; abundance of Na-Cr-amphiboles and metasomatism in the upper SCLM part, thick pyroxenite-eclogite layer and lower part depletion, heated from SCLM base to 5.0 GPa. Kharamai mantle clinopyroxenes represent three geochemical types： （1） harzburgitic with inclined linear REE, HFSE troughs and elevated Th, U; （2） lherzolitic or pyroxenitic with round TRE patterns and decreasing incompatible elements; （3） eclogitic with Eu troughs, Pb peak and high LILE content. Calculated parental melts for garnets with humped REE patterns suggest dissolution of former Cpx and depression means Cpx and garnets extraction. Clinopyroxenes from Ary-Mastakh fields show less in- dined REE patterns with HMREE troughs and an increase of incompatible elements. Clinopyroxenes from Kuranakh field show flatter spoon-like REE patterns and peaks in Ba, U, Pb and St, similar to those in ophiolitic harzburgites. The PT diagrams for the mantle sections show high temperature gradients in the uppermost SCLM accompanied by an increase of P-Fe#OI upward and slightly reduced thickness of the mantle keel of the Siberian craton, resulting from the influence of the Permian-Triassic superplume, but with no signs of delamination.展开更多
New versions of the universal Jd-Di exchange clinopyroxene barometer for peridotites,pyroxenites and eclogites,and also garnet barometer for eclogites and peridotites were developed.They were checked using large exper...New versions of the universal Jd-Di exchange clinopyroxene barometer for peridotites,pyroxenites and eclogites,and also garnet barometer for eclogites and peridotites were developed.They were checked using large experimental data sets for eciogitic（~530） and peridotitic systems（〉650）.The precision of the universal Cpx barometer for peridotites based on Jd-Di exchange is close to Cr-Tschermal展开更多
The microbial dolomite model has been used to interpret the origin of sedimentary dolomite.In this model,the formation of low-temperature protodolomite,an important precursor to sedimentary dolomite,can be facilitated...The microbial dolomite model has been used to interpret the origin of sedimentary dolomite.In this model,the formation of low-temperature protodolomite,an important precursor to sedimentary dolomite,can be facilitated either by actively metabolizing cells of anaerobic microbes and aerobic halophilic archaea or by their inactive biomass.Aerobic halophilic bacteria are widely distributed in(proto-)dolomite-depositing evaporitic environments and their biomass might serve as a template for the crystallization of protodolomite.To test this hypothesis,carbonation experiments were conducted using dead biomass of an aerobic halophilic bacterium(Exiguobacterium sp.strain JBHLT-3).Our results show that dead biomass of JBHLT-3 can accelerate Mg2+uptake in carbonate mineral precipitates.In addition,the amount of Mg incorporated into Ca-Mg carbonates is proportional to the concentration of biomass.High Mg-calcite is produced with 0.25 or 0.5 g/L biomass,whereas protodolomite forms with 1 g/L biomass.This is confirmed by the main Raman peak of Ca-Mg carbonates,which shifts towards higher wavenumbers with increased Mg substitution.Microbial cells and their imprints are preserved on the surface of high Mg-calcite and protodolomite.Hence,this study furthers our understanding of the dolomitization within buried and dead microbial mats,which provides useful insights into the origin of ancient dolomite.展开更多
In this research paper,we propose a corpus for the task of detecting religious extremism in social networks and open sources and compare various machine learning algorithms for the binary classification problem using ...In this research paper,we propose a corpus for the task of detecting religious extremism in social networks and open sources and compare various machine learning algorithms for the binary classification problem using a previously created corpus,thereby checking whether it is possible to detect extremist messages in the Kazakh language.To do this,the authors trained models using six classic machine-learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine,Decision Tree,Random Forest,K Nearest Neighbors,Naive Bayes,and Logistic Regression.To increase the accuracy of detecting extremist texts,we used various characteristics such as Statistical Features,TF-IDF,POS,LIWC,and applied oversampling and undersampling techniques to handle imbalanced data.As a result,we achieved 98%accuracy in detecting religious extremism in Kazakh texts for the collected dataset.Testing the developed machine learningmodels in various databases that are often found in everyday life“Jokes”,“News”,“Toxic content”,“Spam”,“Advertising”has also shown high rates of extremism detection.展开更多
Objective:To identify the prevalence of Acanthamoeba in drinking water treatment plants during the course of the purification processes.Methods:Samples were taken from two drinking water purification plants and monito...Objective:To identify the prevalence of Acanthamoeba in drinking water treatment plants during the course of the purification processes.Methods:Samples were taken from two drinking water purification plants and monitored for the presence of Acanthamoeba in order to estimate the removal capacity of treatment methods employed. Water samples were collected at each step in the purification,during the one year survey,and analysed for the presence of Acanthamoeba spp.by plating on bacterial-seeded plates.Results:The results showed that amoebae were present in surface raw waters in 100%of the samples tested.Acanthamoeba spp.were isolated from 71%and 57%of the water samples collected from post flat-bottom clarifier 1 and post-sedimentation plant respectively.Considering the outflow drinking waters,the removal capacity was 100%in both purification plants monitored.The occurrence of Acanthamoeba was not associated with seasonality.Conclusion: These findings confirm that water purification plants employing methods of flocculation,sedimentation,and filtration in combination with activated charcoal filtration,ozonisation and chlorination exhibited sufficient Acanthamoeba removal capacity and the presence of amoebae in the tap water may be due to older plumbing,water storage tanks,tap water hygiene,and/or environmental settings.展开更多
While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems...While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics missions.Of these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global mapping.LEM’s strength is its spectral resolution.It will be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and will be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.展开更多
Mantle xenoliths（>150） and concentrates from late autolithic breccia and porphyritic kimberlite from the Sytykanskaya pipe of the Alakit field（Yakutia） were analyzed by EPMA and LAM ICP methods.In P-TX-f（O2） ...Mantle xenoliths（>150） and concentrates from late autolithic breccia and porphyritic kimberlite from the Sytykanskaya pipe of the Alakit field（Yakutia） were analyzed by EPMA and LAM ICP methods.In P-TX-f（O2） diagrams minerals from xenoliths show widest variations,the trends P-Fe#-CaO,f（O2）for minerals from porphyric kimberlites are more stepped than for xenocrysts from breccia.Ilmenite PTX points mark moving for protokimberlites from the lithosphere base（7.5 GPa） to pyroxenite lens（5-3.5 GPa） accompanied by Cr increase by AFC and creation of two trends P-Fe#OI10-12%and13-15%.The Opx-Gar-based mantle geotherm in Alakit field is close to 35 mW/m2 at 65 GPa and 600 C near Moho was determined.The oxidation state for the megacrystalline ilmenites is lower for the metasomatic associations due to reduction of protokimberlites on peridotites than for uncontaminated varieties at the lithosphere base.Highly inclined linear REE patterns with deep HFSE troughs for the parental melts of clinopyroxene and garnet xenocrysts from breccia were influenced by differentiated protokimberlite.Melts for metasomatic xenoliths reveal less inclined slopes without deep troughs in spider diagrams.Garnets reveal S-shaped REE patterns.The clinopyroxenes from graphite bearing Cr-websterites show inclined and inflected in Gd spectrums with LREE variations due to AFC differentiation.Melts for garnets display less inclined patterns and Ba-Sr troughs but enrichment in Nb-Ta-U.The40Ar/39Ar ages for micas from the Alakit mantle xenoliths for disseminated phlogopites reveal Proterozoic（1154 Ma） age of metasomatism in early Rodinia mantle.Veined glimmerites with richterite- like amphiboles mark1015 Ma plume event in Rodinia mantle.The600-550 Ma stage manifests final Rodinia break-up.The last 385 Ma metasomatism is protokimberlite-related.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40974066 and 40821062)by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2007CB209602).
文摘In this paper,we present a method of wavelet estimation by matching well-log, VSP,and surface-seismic data.It＇s based on a statistical model in which both input and output are contaminated with additive random noise.A coherency matching technique is used to estimate the wavelet.Measurements of goodness-of-fit and accuracy provide tools for quality control.A practical example suggests that our method is robust and stable.The matching and estimation of the wavelet is reliable within the seismic bandwidth.This method needs no assumption on the wavelet amplitude and phase and the main advantage of the method is its ability to determine phase.
文摘Recent research has confirmed the predictive effect of general foreign language(FL) achievement on Foreign Language Enjoyment(FLE) and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety(FLCA).However,few studies have examined the effect of domain-specific language achievement in shaping FL learning emotions.The present study thus aims to examine how FLE and FLCA are linked to overall FL achievement and self-perceived achievement in six different domains across listening,speaking,reading,writing,vocabulary,and grammar.A total of 1,415 Chinese senior secondary students participated in the questionnaire survey.Regression analyses showed that 1) both FLE and FLCA were predicted more by self-perceived general English proficiency,while less by actual English achievement;2) perceptions of speaking and grammar competence were significant predictors of both emotions;3) perceived reading competence predicted FLE significantly but not FLCA;and that 4) perceptions of listening,writing,and vocabulary competence predicted neither FLE nor FLCA.The implication is that domain-specificity should be taken into consideration in future explorations of FL emotions.
基金Funding project:Key Project of Science and Technology Research in Colleges andUniversities of Hebei Province.Project name:MillimeterWave Radar-Based Anti-Omission Early Warning System for School Bus Personnel.Grant Number:ZD2020318,funded to author Tang XL.Sponser:Hebei Provincial Department of Education,URL:http://jyt.hebei.gov.cn/Science and Technology Research Youth Fund Project of Hebei Province Universities.Project name:Research on Defect Detection and Engineering Vehicle Tracking System for Transmission Line Scenario.Grant Number:QN2023185,funded toW.JC,member of the mentor team.Sponser:Hebei Provincial Department of Education,URL:http://jyt.hebei.gov.cn/.
文摘On the transmission line,the invasion of foreign objects such as kites,plastic bags,and balloons and the damage to electronic components are common transmission line faults.Detecting these faults is of great significance for the safe operation of power systems.Therefore,a YOLOv5 target detection method based on a deep convolution neural network is proposed.In this paper,Mobilenetv2 is used to replace Cross Stage Partial(CSP)-Darknet53 as the backbone.The structure uses depth-wise separable convolution to reduce the amount of calculation and parameters;improve the detection rate.At the same time,to compensate for the detection accuracy,the Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks(SENet)attention model is fused into the algorithm framework and a new detection scale suitable for small targets is added to improve the significance of the fault target area in the image.Collect pictures of foreign matters such as kites,plastic bags,balloons,and insulator defects of transmission lines,and sort theminto a data set.The experimental results on datasets show that themean Accuracy Precision(mAP)and recall rate of the algorithm can reach 92.1%and 92.4%,respectively.At the same time,by comparison,the detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm is higher than that of other methods.
基金supported by the Plateau Discipline Fund of Shanghai Business School(Grant No.SWJJ-GYZX-2021-03)Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(Grant No.2020BGL007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72163023)。
文摘This study aims to examine the green innovation effect of the carbon emissions pilot policy in China.First,using the difference-in-differences method and regressions of instrumental variables using the data from Chinese listed firms,we verify that the policy promotes green innovation among regulated firms and is more pronounced among state-owned enterprises,firms in the eastern region,and those with lower financing constraints.Furthermore,this positive effect spreads downstream relative to the regulated firms through input–output linkages,but reduces green innovation to upstream firms.Accordingly,such diffusion of innovation is achieved through the price mechanism.The results necessitate the introduction of various derivatives to mobilize the market to reduce the speculative volatility of carbon prices.In addition,relevant supporting policies must be established to encourage corporate innovation to reduce the crowding-out effect owing to emission reduction and the nonmarket factors.
基金supported by grants RFFI 11-05-00060a and 11-05-91060-PICS
文摘Mantle xenocrysts from early Triassic kimberlite pipes from Kharamai, Ary-Mastakh and Kuranakh fields in the Anabar shield of Siberia revealing similar compositional trends were studied to estimate the superplume influence on the subcratonic lithosphere mantle （SCLM）. Pressure-temperature （PT） reconstructions using monomineral thermobarometry for 5 phases show division of the SCLM beneath the Kharamai field into 6 units： pyroxenitic Fe-rich （1-2 GPa） and Mg-rich （2-3 GPa） layers; middle with two levels of Gar-Sp pyroxenites at - 3 and 4-5 GPa; Gar-dunite-harzburgites - 4.5-6.5 GPa subjected to llm-Px vein metasomatism; and a Mg-rich dunite lower part. In the Anabar shield （Ary-Mastakh, Dyuken and Kuranakh fields） mantle lithosphere is composed of three large units divided into two parts： upper part with amphiboles and phlogopite; two levels of pyroxenites and eclogites at 3 and 4 GPa, and a lower part composed of refertilized dunites. Diagrams showing P-Fe#Gar clusters for garnets and omphacites illustrate the differences between SCLM of these localities. Differences of Triassic SCLM from Devonian SCLM are in simple layering; abundance of Na-Cr-amphiboles and metasomatism in the upper SCLM part, thick pyroxenite-eclogite layer and lower part depletion, heated from SCLM base to 5.0 GPa. Kharamai mantle clinopyroxenes represent three geochemical types： （1） harzburgitic with inclined linear REE, HFSE troughs and elevated Th, U; （2） lherzolitic or pyroxenitic with round TRE patterns and decreasing incompatible elements; （3） eclogitic with Eu troughs, Pb peak and high LILE content. Calculated parental melts for garnets with humped REE patterns suggest dissolution of former Cpx and depression means Cpx and garnets extraction. Clinopyroxenes from Ary-Mastakh fields show less in- dined REE patterns with HMREE troughs and an increase of incompatible elements. Clinopyroxenes from Kuranakh field show flatter spoon-like REE patterns and peaks in Ba, U, Pb and St, similar to those in ophiolitic harzburgites. The PT diagrams for the mantle sections show high temperature gradients in the uppermost SCLM accompanied by an increase of P-Fe#OI upward and slightly reduced thickness of the mantle keel of the Siberian craton, resulting from the influence of the Permian-Triassic superplume, but with no signs of delamination.
基金supported by RBRF (Grant Nos.11-05-00060a,16-05-00860a)
文摘New versions of the universal Jd-Di exchange clinopyroxene barometer for peridotites,pyroxenites and eclogites,and also garnet barometer for eclogites and peridotites were developed.They were checked using large experimental data sets for eciogitic（~530） and peridotitic systems（〉650）.The precision of the universal Cpx barometer for peridotites based on Jd-Di exchange is close to Cr-Tschermal
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42272046,42072336 and 41772362)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB26000000)+1 种基金the 111 Project of China(No.BP0820004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(No.CUGCJ1703)。
文摘The microbial dolomite model has been used to interpret the origin of sedimentary dolomite.In this model,the formation of low-temperature protodolomite,an important precursor to sedimentary dolomite,can be facilitated either by actively metabolizing cells of anaerobic microbes and aerobic halophilic archaea or by their inactive biomass.Aerobic halophilic bacteria are widely distributed in(proto-)dolomite-depositing evaporitic environments and their biomass might serve as a template for the crystallization of protodolomite.To test this hypothesis,carbonation experiments were conducted using dead biomass of an aerobic halophilic bacterium(Exiguobacterium sp.strain JBHLT-3).Our results show that dead biomass of JBHLT-3 can accelerate Mg2+uptake in carbonate mineral precipitates.In addition,the amount of Mg incorporated into Ca-Mg carbonates is proportional to the concentration of biomass.High Mg-calcite is produced with 0.25 or 0.5 g/L biomass,whereas protodolomite forms with 1 g/L biomass.This is confirmed by the main Raman peak of Ca-Mg carbonates,which shifts towards higher wavenumbers with increased Mg substitution.Microbial cells and their imprints are preserved on the surface of high Mg-calcite and protodolomite.Hence,this study furthers our understanding of the dolomitization within buried and dead microbial mats,which provides useful insights into the origin of ancient dolomite.
基金This work was supported by the grant“Development of models,algorithms for semantic analysis to identify extremist content in web resources and creation the tool for cyber forensics”funded by the Ministry of Digital Development,Innovations and Aerospace industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Grant No.IRN AP06851248.Supervisor of the project is Shynar Mussiraliyeva,email:mussiraliyevash@gmail.com.
文摘In this research paper,we propose a corpus for the task of detecting religious extremism in social networks and open sources and compare various machine learning algorithms for the binary classification problem using a previously created corpus,thereby checking whether it is possible to detect extremist messages in the Kazakh language.To do this,the authors trained models using six classic machine-learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine,Decision Tree,Random Forest,K Nearest Neighbors,Naive Bayes,and Logistic Regression.To increase the accuracy of detecting extremist texts,we used various characteristics such as Statistical Features,TF-IDF,POS,LIWC,and applied oversampling and undersampling techniques to handle imbalanced data.As a result,we achieved 98%accuracy in detecting religious extremism in Kazakh texts for the collected dataset.Testing the developed machine learningmodels in various databases that are often found in everyday life“Jokes”,“News”,“Toxic content”,“Spam”,“Advertising”has also shown high rates of extremism detection.
基金support provided by Three Valleys Water,UKVeolia Water, UK.funded by the Life Sciences Research Grant,University of London
文摘Objective:To identify the prevalence of Acanthamoeba in drinking water treatment plants during the course of the purification processes.Methods:Samples were taken from two drinking water purification plants and monitored for the presence of Acanthamoeba in order to estimate the removal capacity of treatment methods employed. Water samples were collected at each step in the purification,during the one year survey,and analysed for the presence of Acanthamoeba spp.by plating on bacterial-seeded plates.Results:The results showed that amoebae were present in surface raw waters in 100%of the samples tested.Acanthamoeba spp.were isolated from 71%and 57%of the water samples collected from post flat-bottom clarifier 1 and post-sedimentation plant respectively.Considering the outflow drinking waters,the removal capacity was 100%in both purification plants monitored.The occurrence of Acanthamoeba was not associated with seasonality.Conclusion: These findings confirm that water purification plants employing methods of flocculation,sedimentation,and filtration in combination with activated charcoal filtration,ozonisation and chlorination exhibited sufficient Acanthamoeba removal capacity and the presence of amoebae in the tap water may be due to older plumbing,water storage tanks,tap water hygiene,and/or environmental settings.
基金financial support from CNES via its Sun-Heliosphere-Magnetosphere(SHM)programsupport from NASA grant#80NSSC20K1709。
文摘While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics missions.Of these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global mapping.LEM’s strength is its spectral resolution.It will be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and will be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.
基金supported by RBRF grants 05-05-64718,03-05-64146,08-05-00524,11-05-00060,11-05-91060-PICSjointresearch projects of IGM SB RAS and ALROSA Stock Company 77-2,65-03,02-05,grant of the President of Russia MK-3240.2014.5
文摘Mantle xenoliths（>150） and concentrates from late autolithic breccia and porphyritic kimberlite from the Sytykanskaya pipe of the Alakit field（Yakutia） were analyzed by EPMA and LAM ICP methods.In P-TX-f（O2） diagrams minerals from xenoliths show widest variations,the trends P-Fe#-CaO,f（O2）for minerals from porphyric kimberlites are more stepped than for xenocrysts from breccia.Ilmenite PTX points mark moving for protokimberlites from the lithosphere base（7.5 GPa） to pyroxenite lens（5-3.5 GPa） accompanied by Cr increase by AFC and creation of two trends P-Fe#OI10-12%and13-15%.The Opx-Gar-based mantle geotherm in Alakit field is close to 35 mW/m2 at 65 GPa and 600 C near Moho was determined.The oxidation state for the megacrystalline ilmenites is lower for the metasomatic associations due to reduction of protokimberlites on peridotites than for uncontaminated varieties at the lithosphere base.Highly inclined linear REE patterns with deep HFSE troughs for the parental melts of clinopyroxene and garnet xenocrysts from breccia were influenced by differentiated protokimberlite.Melts for metasomatic xenoliths reveal less inclined slopes without deep troughs in spider diagrams.Garnets reveal S-shaped REE patterns.The clinopyroxenes from graphite bearing Cr-websterites show inclined and inflected in Gd spectrums with LREE variations due to AFC differentiation.Melts for garnets display less inclined patterns and Ba-Sr troughs but enrichment in Nb-Ta-U.The40Ar/39Ar ages for micas from the Alakit mantle xenoliths for disseminated phlogopites reveal Proterozoic（1154 Ma） age of metasomatism in early Rodinia mantle.Veined glimmerites with richterite- like amphiboles mark1015 Ma plume event in Rodinia mantle.The600-550 Ma stage manifests final Rodinia break-up.The last 385 Ma metasomatism is protokimberlite-related.
