<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Tswana chicken is native to Botswana and comprises strains such as the naked neck, normal, dwarf, frizzled</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;&q...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Tswana chicken is native to Botswana and comprises strains such as the naked neck, normal, dwarf, frizzled</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and rumples. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The origins of the different strain</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s of Tswana chicken remain unknown and it is not yet clear if the different</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains represent distinct breeds within the large Tswana chicken population. Genetic characterization of different strains of Tswana chickens using SNP arrays can elucidate their genetic relationships and ascertain if the strains represent distinct breeds</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Tswana chicken population. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate population structure and diversity and to estimate genetic distances/identity between the naked neck, normal and dwarf strains of Tswana chickens. A total of 96 chickens </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">normal strain (n = 39), naked neck strain (n = 32), dwarf strain (n = 13) and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">commercial</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">broiler (n = 12)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used in the study. SNP genotyping was carried out using the Illumina chicken iSelect SNP 60 Bead chip using the Infinium assay compatible with the Illumina HiScan SQ genotyping platform. The observed heterozygosity (H</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">o</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) values were 0.610 ± 0.012, 0.611 ± 0.014, 0.613 ± 0.0006 for normal, naked neck and dwarf strains of Tswana chickens respectively and averaged 0.611 ± 0.016 across the three strains of Tswana chickens compared to Ho of 0.347 ± 0.023 in commercial broiler chicken. The expected heterozygosity (H</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) values were 0.613 ± 0.00012, 0.614 ± 0.00013, 0.608 ± 0.00021 for normal, naked neck and dwarf strains of Tswana chickens respectively and averaged 0.612 ± 0.00015 across the three strains of Tswana chickens compared to H</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 0.577 ± 0.00022 in commercial broiler chicken. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to get an insight into the population structure of indigenous Tswana chickens. The first two principal components revealed a set of three clusters. The normal strain of Tswana chicken and commercial broiler clustered together in one group. The dwarf strain clustered separately in one group and the naked neck and normal strains clustered together in the last group. The separate clustering of the dwarf strain from the rest of Tswana chicken strains suggests significant genetic uniqueness of the dwarf strain and very close genetic similarities between the normal and naked neck strains. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The clustering pattern was confirmed by less genetic differentiation and less genetic distances between the naked neck and normal strains of Tswana chicken than between the two strains and the dwarf strain of Tswana chicken.</span></span>展开更多
The metabolic complexity of microorganisms can be simplified by classifying them into r-strategists and K-strategists.However,their associations with plant growth during drought remain largely unclear.Herein,we used t...The metabolic complexity of microorganisms can be simplified by classifying them into r-strategists and K-strategists.However,their associations with plant growth during drought remain largely unclear.Herein,we used the ribosomal RNA gene operon(rrn)copy number to characterize bacterial life-history strategies,with increased rrn copy numbers suggesting a shift from K-to r-strategies.We generated a series of bacterial communities with increased rrn copy numbers in rhizosphere.Drought decreased rhizosphere bacterial rrn copy numbers,rather than in root,indicating a prevalence of K-strategies during drought stress in rhizosphere.The rrn copy numbers of rhizosphere communities were negatively related to wheat growth during drought,while no significant associations were observed in control treatment.Rhizosphere bacterial communities with higher rrn copy numbers exhibited less community dissimilarity and tended to be more stable.Moreover,the abundance of most predicted functions decreased with rrn copy numbers in drought-stressed rhizosphere.Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that increased rrn copy numbers in rhizosphere community improved the proportion of negative to positive cohesion,implying more stable networks.Our findings bring up innovative knowledge about the relationships between microbial life-history strategies,communities and plant growth,and highlights the importance of plant-microorganism interactions for plant growth during stress.展开更多
Heat waves associated with global warming and extreme climates would arouse serious consequences on nitrogen(N)cycle.However,the responses of the functional guilds to different temperatures,especially high temperature...Heat waves associated with global warming and extreme climates would arouse serious consequences on nitrogen(N)cycle.However,the responses of the functional guilds to different temperatures,especially high temperature and the cascading effect on N_(2)O emissions remain unclear.An incubation study was conducted to examine the effect of different temperatures(20°C,30°C,and 40°C)and fertilizer types(urea and manure)on N_(2)O-producers and N_(2)O-reducers,as well as the efficacy of dicyandiamide(DCD)on N_(2)O emissions in a vegetable soil.Results showed that ammonia oxidizers and nirS-type denitrifiers were well adapted to high temperature(40°C)with manure application,while the fungal nirK-denitrifiers had better tolerance with urea application.The nosZ clade I microbes had a strong adaptability to various temperatures regardless of fertilization type,while the growth of nosZ clade II group microbes in non-fertilized soil(control)were significantly inhibited at higher temperature.The N_(2)O emissions were significantly decreased with increasing temperature and DCD application(up to 60%,even at 40°C).Under high temperature conditions,fungal denitrifiers play a significant role in N-limited soils(non-fertilized)while nirS-type denitrifiers was more important in fertilized soils in N_(2)O emissions,which should be specially targeted when mitigating N_(2)O emissions under global warming climate.展开更多
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Tswana chicken is native to Botswana and comprises strains such as the naked neck, normal, dwarf, frizzled</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and rumples. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The origins of the different strain</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s of Tswana chicken remain unknown and it is not yet clear if the different</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strains represent distinct breeds within the large Tswana chicken population. Genetic characterization of different strains of Tswana chickens using SNP arrays can elucidate their genetic relationships and ascertain if the strains represent distinct breeds</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Tswana chicken population. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate population structure and diversity and to estimate genetic distances/identity between the naked neck, normal and dwarf strains of Tswana chickens. A total of 96 chickens </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">normal strain (n = 39), naked neck strain (n = 32), dwarf strain (n = 13) and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">commercial</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">broiler (n = 12)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were used in the study. SNP genotyping was carried out using the Illumina chicken iSelect SNP 60 Bead chip using the Infinium assay compatible with the Illumina HiScan SQ genotyping platform. The observed heterozygosity (H</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">o</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) values were 0.610 ± 0.012, 0.611 ± 0.014, 0.613 ± 0.0006 for normal, naked neck and dwarf strains of Tswana chickens respectively and averaged 0.611 ± 0.016 across the three strains of Tswana chickens compared to Ho of 0.347 ± 0.023 in commercial broiler chicken. The expected heterozygosity (H</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) values were 0.613 ± 0.00012, 0.614 ± 0.00013, 0.608 ± 0.00021 for normal, naked neck and dwarf strains of Tswana chickens respectively and averaged 0.612 ± 0.00015 across the three strains of Tswana chickens compared to H</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 0.577 ± 0.00022 in commercial broiler chicken. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to get an insight into the population structure of indigenous Tswana chickens. The first two principal components revealed a set of three clusters. The normal strain of Tswana chicken and commercial broiler clustered together in one group. The dwarf strain clustered separately in one group and the naked neck and normal strains clustered together in the last group. The separate clustering of the dwarf strain from the rest of Tswana chicken strains suggests significant genetic uniqueness of the dwarf strain and very close genetic similarities between the normal and naked neck strains. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The clustering pattern was confirmed by less genetic differentiation and less genetic distances between the naked neck and normal strains of Tswana chicken than between the two strains and the dwarf strain of Tswana chicken.</span></span>
基金supported by the Gusu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Program(Grant No.ZXL2024372)Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant No.BK20231516)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Suzhou(Grant No.SNG2023018)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovational Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP).
文摘The metabolic complexity of microorganisms can be simplified by classifying them into r-strategists and K-strategists.However,their associations with plant growth during drought remain largely unclear.Herein,we used the ribosomal RNA gene operon(rrn)copy number to characterize bacterial life-history strategies,with increased rrn copy numbers suggesting a shift from K-to r-strategies.We generated a series of bacterial communities with increased rrn copy numbers in rhizosphere.Drought decreased rhizosphere bacterial rrn copy numbers,rather than in root,indicating a prevalence of K-strategies during drought stress in rhizosphere.The rrn copy numbers of rhizosphere communities were negatively related to wheat growth during drought,while no significant associations were observed in control treatment.Rhizosphere bacterial communities with higher rrn copy numbers exhibited less community dissimilarity and tended to be more stable.Moreover,the abundance of most predicted functions decreased with rrn copy numbers in drought-stressed rhizosphere.Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that increased rrn copy numbers in rhizosphere community improved the proportion of negative to positive cohesion,implying more stable networks.Our findings bring up innovative knowledge about the relationships between microbial life-history strategies,communities and plant growth,and highlights the importance of plant-microorganism interactions for plant growth during stress.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1900602)Provincial Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(2022C02046)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR23D010002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107316)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR202102260221).
文摘Heat waves associated with global warming and extreme climates would arouse serious consequences on nitrogen(N)cycle.However,the responses of the functional guilds to different temperatures,especially high temperature and the cascading effect on N_(2)O emissions remain unclear.An incubation study was conducted to examine the effect of different temperatures(20°C,30°C,and 40°C)and fertilizer types(urea and manure)on N_(2)O-producers and N_(2)O-reducers,as well as the efficacy of dicyandiamide(DCD)on N_(2)O emissions in a vegetable soil.Results showed that ammonia oxidizers and nirS-type denitrifiers were well adapted to high temperature(40°C)with manure application,while the fungal nirK-denitrifiers had better tolerance with urea application.The nosZ clade I microbes had a strong adaptability to various temperatures regardless of fertilization type,while the growth of nosZ clade II group microbes in non-fertilized soil(control)were significantly inhibited at higher temperature.The N_(2)O emissions were significantly decreased with increasing temperature and DCD application(up to 60%,even at 40°C).Under high temperature conditions,fungal denitrifiers play a significant role in N-limited soils(non-fertilized)while nirS-type denitrifiers was more important in fertilized soils in N_(2)O emissions,which should be specially targeted when mitigating N_(2)O emissions under global warming climate.
