Meeting the increasing demand for food and industrial products by the growing global population requires targeted efforts to improve crops,livestock,and microorganisms.Modern biotechnology,particularly genetic modific...Meeting the increasing demand for food and industrial products by the growing global population requires targeted efforts to improve crops,livestock,and microorganisms.Modern biotechnology,particularly genetic modification(GM)and genome-editing(GE)technologies,is crucial for food security and environmental sustainability.China,which is at the forefront of global biotechnological innovation and the rapid advancements in GM and GE technologies,has prioritized this field by implementing strategic programs such as the National High-tech Research&Development Program in 1986,the National Genetically Modified Organism New Variety Breeding Program in 2008,and the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project in 2022.Many biotechnological products have been widely commercialized in China,including biofertilizers,animal feed,animal vaccines,pesticides,and GM crops such as cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),maize(Zea mays),and soybean(Glycine max).In this review,we summarize progress on the research and utilization of GM and GE organisms in China over the past 3 decades and provide perspectives on their further development.This review thus aims to promote worldwide academic exchange and contribute to the further development and commercial success of agricultural biotechnology.展开更多
Cells employ proteins to perform metabolic functions and maintain active physiological state through charge transfer and energy conversion.These processes are carried out in a narrow space precisely and rapidly,which,...Cells employ proteins to perform metabolic functions and maintain active physiological state through charge transfer and energy conversion.These processes are carried out in a narrow space precisely and rapidly,which,no doubt,bring great difficulty for their detection and dissection.Fortunately,in recent years,the development and expansion of single-molecule technique in protein research make monitoring the dynamical changes of protein at single-molecule level a reality,which also provides a powerful tool for the further exploration of new phenomena and new mechanisms of life activities.This paper aims to summarize the working principle and essential achievements of single-molecule technique in protein research in recent five years.We focus on not only dissecting the difference of nanopores,atomic force microscope,scanning tunneling microscope,and optical tweezers technique,but also discussing the great significance of these single-molecule techniques in investigating intramolecular and intermolecular interactions,electron transport,and conformational changes.Finally,the opportunities and challenges of the single-molecule technique in protein research are discussed,which provide a new door for single-molecule protein research.展开更多
α-Linolenic acid(ALA,18:3Δ9,12,15)is an essential fatty acid for humans since it is the precursor for the biosynthesis of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFA).Modern people generally suffer from d...α-Linolenic acid(ALA,18:3Δ9,12,15)is an essential fatty acid for humans since it is the precursor for the biosynthesis of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFA).Modern people generally suffer from deficiency of ALA because most staple food oils are low or lack ALA content.Biotechnological enrichment of ALA in staple oil crops is a promising strategy.Chia(Salvia hispanica)has the highest ALA content in its seed oil among known oil crops.In this study,the FAD2 and FAD3 genes from chia were engineered into a staple oil crop,oilseed rape(Brassica napus),via Agrobaterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of their LP4-2A fusion gene construct driven by the seed-specific promoter P_(NapA).In seeds of T0,T1,and T2 lines,the average ALA contents were 20.86,23.54,and 24.92%,respectively,which were 2.21,2.68,and 3.03 folds of the non-transformed controls(9.42,8.78,and 8.22%),respectively.The highest seed ALA levels of T0,T1,and T2 plants were 38.41,35.98,and 39.19%respectively,which were 4.10-4.77 folds of the respective controls.FA-pathway enzyme genes(BnACCD,BnFATA,BnSAD,BnSCD,BnDGAT1,BnDGAT2,and BnDGAT3)and positive regulatory genes(BnWRI1,BnLEC1,BnL1L,BnLEC2,BnABI3,BnbZIP67,and BnMYB96)were all significantly up-regulated.In contrast,BnTT1,BnTT2,BnTT8,BnTT16,BnTTG1,and BnTTG2,encoding negative oil accumulation regulators but positive secondary metabolism regulators,were all significantly down-regulated.This means the foreign ShFAD2-ShFAD3 fusion gene,directly and indirectly,remodeled both positive and negative loci of the whole FA-related network in transgenic B.napus seeds.展开更多
Several bacterial strains of Actinomycetes belonging to Streptomyces and Arthrobacter genera for the first time were used to study the biotechnology of synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles.The experimental condi...Several bacterial strains of Actinomycetes belonging to Streptomyces and Arthrobacter genera for the first time were used to study the biotechnology of synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles.The experimental conditions of gold and silver nanoparticles production by the cells of studied strains in aqueous chloroauric acid(HAuCIq)and in silver nitrate(AgNO3)solutions,respectively,were determined.Concentration and time-dependences of nanoparticle formation were investigated.The complex of optical and analytical methods was used for testing the gold and silver nanoparticles in the bacterial biomass.The TEM(Transmission Electron Microscopy)and XRD(X-ray Diffraction)data in all cases demonstrated the presence of crystals with fcc(face centered cubic)structure.The results obtained show that the Actinomycetes are capable of producing gold and silver nanoparticles of spherical shape extracellularly when exposed to suitable compounds.The particle size distribution shows that the sizes of nanoparticles are in the range of 5 nm to 80 nm.The biomass obtained may be used for industrial as well as medical and pharmaceutical purposes.展开更多
The risks and damages related to the use of products, technologies and services of sanitary interest can be due to defects or manufacturing failures. Certain products already contain a certain degree of risk, which re...The risks and damages related to the use of products, technologies and services of sanitary interest can be due to defects or manufacturing failures. Certain products already contain a certain degree of risk, which requires strict quality control in their production, distribution and use, as well as in the disposal of their waste in the environment. With continuous development in science and technology, medical devices must undergo intradermal irritation and testing for sensitization, cytotoxicity, and acute systemic toxicity. In health care, biotechnology aims to provide technology-based products or processes related to energy, food, and health, which are capable of stimulating new businesses, expanding exports, integrating the value chain and stimulating new demands for innovative products and processes, taking into account health policies. The present article was prepared by a bibliographical survey of the electronic databases PubMed, Lilacs, and Bireme. Cell culture testing can be successfully employed, as it is reproducible, rapid, sensitive, and financially accessible for performing in vitro toxicity testing. Thus, it has been possible to optimize the development phase of new products by decreasing animal use or even replacing them in certain tests. Some in vitro assays validated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in the area of health products have already replaced animal testing.展开更多
Development of crop varieties which are resistant against many economically important diseases is a major challenge for plant biotechnologists worldwide. Although much progress in this area has been achieved through c...Development of crop varieties which are resistant against many economically important diseases is a major challenge for plant biotechnologists worldwide. Although much progress in this area has been achieved through classical genetic approaches, this goal can be achieved in a more selective and robust manner with the success of genetic engineering techniques. In this regard, RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful modality for battling some of the most notoriously challenging diseases caused by viruses, fungi and bacteria. RNAi is a mechanism for RNA-guided regulation of gene expression in which double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) inhibits the expression of genes with complementary nucleotide sequences. The application of tissue-specific or inducible gene silencing in combination with the use of appropriate promoters to silence several genes simultaneously will result in protection of crops against destructive pathogens. RNAi application has resulted in successful control of many economically important diseases in plants.展开更多
GABA(Gamma-aminobutyric acid),a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system,has gained significant attention in recent years due to its extensive benefits for human health.The review focused on recent advan...GABA(Gamma-aminobutyric acid),a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system,has gained significant attention in recent years due to its extensive benefits for human health.The review focused on recent advances in the biosynthesis and production of GABA.To begin with,the investigation evaluates GABA-producing strains and metabolic pathways,focusing on microbial sources such as Lactic Acid Bacteria,Escherichia coli,and Corynebac-terium glutamicum.The metabolic pathways of GABA are elaborated upon,including the GABA shunt and critical enzymes involved in its synthesis.Next,strategies to enhance microbial GABA production are discussed,including optimization of fermentation factors,different fermentation methods such as co-culture strategy and two-step fermentation,and modification of the GABA metabolic pathway.The review also explores methods for determining glutamate(Glu)and GABA levels,emphasizing the importance of accurate quantification.Furthermore,a comprehensive market analysis and prospects are provided,highlighting current trends,potential applications,and challenges in the GABA industry.Overall,this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industrialists working on GABA advancements,focusing on its efficient synthesis processes and various applications,and providing novel ideas and approaches to improve GABA yield and quality.展开更多
Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare complication that develops after partial orcomplete turbinectomy. The main feature of ENS is paradoxical nasal obstructionfeeling despite objectively wide nasal airway. ENS pathogen...Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare complication that develops after partial orcomplete turbinectomy. The main feature of ENS is paradoxical nasal obstructionfeeling despite objectively wide nasal airway. ENS pathogenesis is multifactorialand includes changes in laminar physiological airflow, disruption of mucosafunctions and deficient neural sensation. This leads to the development of ENSsymptomatology such as dyspnea, nasal dryness, nasal burning, nasalobstruction, feeling of suffocation and even comorbid psychiatric disorders thatsignificantly impairs life quality. Specific effective treatment of ENS does not existup to date. In this review we outline existing biomaterial for surgical reconstitutionof nasal anatomy and discuss the perspective of stem cell-based technologiesin ENS management. The main focus is directed to justification ofrationality application of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from differenttissues origin and neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) based on their intrinsicbiological properties. MSCs transplantation may stimulate mucosa tissueregeneration via trophic factors secretion, direct transdifferentiation into epithelialcells and pronounced immunosuppressive effect. From the other hand, NCSCsbased on their high neuroprotective properties may reconstitute nerve structureand functioning leading to normal sensation in ENS patients. We postulate thatapplication of cell-based and tissue-engineered products can help to significantlyimprove ENS symptomatology only as complex approach aimed at reconstitutionof nasal anatomy, recovery the nasal mucosa functionality and neural tissuesensation.展开更多
Most legumes and oil bean seeds used in condiment manufacture in Africa are inedible by nature. They contain antinutritional elements such indigestible oligosaccharides and phytate. Fermentation affects desired altera...Most legumes and oil bean seeds used in condiment manufacture in Africa are inedible by nature. They contain antinutritional elements such indigestible oligosaccharides and phytate. Fermentation affects desired alterations by lowering anti-nutritional components and enhancing digestibility. Okpeye is a traditional West African seasoning prepared from Prosopis africana seed solid substrate fermentation. Many homes consider it as a family business because the preparation follows a passed-down habit from previous generations as an inexpensive source of plant protein. However, natural nature of the fermentation process raises concerns about the consistency, quality, and safety of the finished product. Because the seasoning is created on a small scale with less sophisticated equipment and manufacturing procedures, there are concerns about microbial safety. Thus, fermentation process and the range of microbial composition involved in Prosopis africana okpeye production were evaluated in this review. Potential spoilage agents, as well as biochemical and nutritional changes occurring during production of okpeye are gaining interest among researcher. This review highlights information that can help in developing starter cultures in a controlled fermentation process that ensures quality, longer shelf life, and microbiological safety.展开更多
The original online version of this article (Kitadokoro, K., Matsui, S., Osokoshi, R., Nakata, K. and Kamitani, S. (2018) Expression, Purification and Crystallization of Thermostable Mutant of Cutinase Est1 from Therm...The original online version of this article (Kitadokoro, K., Matsui, S., Osokoshi, R., Nakata, K. and Kamitani, S. (2018) Expression, Purification and Crystallization of Thermostable Mutant of Cutinase Est1 from Thermobifida alba. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 9, 215-223. https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2018.95015) unfortunately contains some mistakes. The author wishes to correct the errors.展开更多
The field of advanced biotechnology,particularly genome editing,has witnessed transformative advancements in recent years^([1])with significant implications for the production of natural products^([2])and the enhancem...The field of advanced biotechnology,particularly genome editing,has witnessed transformative advancements in recent years^([1])with significant implications for the production of natural products^([2])and the enhancement of industrial biotechnology processes^([3]).To showcase these important works and inspire peers,we organized this special issue on Advances in Genome Editing Tools and Applications for Natural Products and Industrial Biotechnology.展开更多
Wheat(Triticum aestivum)production is vital for global food security,providing energy and protein to mil-lions of people worldwide.Recent advancements in wheat research have led to significant increases in pro-duction...Wheat(Triticum aestivum)production is vital for global food security,providing energy and protein to mil-lions of people worldwide.Recent advancements in wheat research have led to significant increases in pro-duction,fueled by technological and scientific innovation.Here,we summarize the major advancements in wheat research,particularly the integration of biotechnologies and a deeper understanding of wheat biology.The shift from multi-omics to pan-omics approaches in wheat research has greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex genome,genomic variations,and regulatory networks to decode com-plex traits.We also outline key scientific questions,potential research directions,and technological stra-tegies for improving wheat over the next decade.Since global wheat production is expected to increase by 60%in 2050,continued innovation and collaboration are crucial.Integrating biotechnologies and a deeper understanding of wheat biology will be essential for addressing future challenges in wheat production,ensuring sustainable practices and improved productivity.展开更多
The disturbance of the human microbiota influences the occurrence and progression of many diseases.Live therapeutic bacteria,with their genetic manipulability,anaerobic tendencies,and immunomodulatory properties,are e...The disturbance of the human microbiota influences the occurrence and progression of many diseases.Live therapeutic bacteria,with their genetic manipulability,anaerobic tendencies,and immunomodulatory properties,are emerging as promising therapeutic agents.However,their clinical applications face challenges in maintaining activity and achieving precise spatiotemporal release,particularly in the harsh gastrointestinal environment.This review highlights the innovative bacterial functionalized encapsulation strategies developed through advances in physicochemical and biological techniques.We comprehensively review how bacterial encapsulation strategies can be used to provide physical barriers and enhanced adhesion properties to live microorganisms,while introducing superior material properties to live bacteria.In addition,this review outlines how bacterial surface coating can facilitate targeted delivery and precise spatiotemporal release of live bacteria.Furthermore,it elucidates their potential applications for treating different diseases,along with critical perspectives on challenges in clinical translation.This review comprehensively analyzes the connection between functionalized bacterial encapsulation and innovative biomedical applications,providing a theoretical reference for the development of next-generation bacterial therapies.展开更多
White biotechnology uses enzymes and microorganisms to produce value-added chemicals from renewable sources.White biotechnology provides valuable components for the food,pharmaceutical,agricultural sectors as well as ...White biotechnology uses enzymes and microorganisms to produce value-added chemicals from renewable sources.White biotechnology provides valuable components for the food,pharmaceutical,agricultural sectors as well as other industries.Metabolic diversity in fungi,yeast,and bacteria can be exploited to produce food additives and other industrial products.This is an interesting topic for those interested in screening and metabolic testing of microorganisms,industrial biotechnology,fermentation technology,and the biological products research community.The use of microbial-derived compounds has a long history in the food industry,and compounds such as flavorings,essential amino acids,poly-unsaturated fatty acids,organic acids,gelling,etc.can be obtained from microbial sources.Also,the role of microbes in human health and well-being cannot be ignored.Microbes produce primary metabolites such as vitamins,nucleotides,and amino acids,as well as secondary metabolites.These secondary metabolites are used to make many drugs.In agriculture,microbes are also used to make fertilizers and biological pesticides.This paper reviews the types of bio-products obtained through biotechnology and the barriers and challenges of white biotechnology.展开更多
Biotechnology became a paradigm-shifting science among all subfields of biology.The benefits of biotechnology have reached many practical fields,whether human health,animal,and/or agricultural.However,wherever there i...Biotechnology became a paradigm-shifting science among all subfields of biology.The benefits of biotechnology have reached many practical fields,whether human health,animal,and/or agricultural.However,wherever there is a biotechnology practice,there is an associated biohazard with it,and its negative impact may reach all living entities including humans.Therefore,the cooperation of the leading institutions in this field has culminated in creating the concepts and applications of biosafety and biosecurity.The countries of the Middle East are considered biotechnology-practicing and have shown a clear acceptance to this field.But unfortunately,the Middle East region is one that is facing the most multichallenges,which would constitute real and noticeable concern at the local and international levels.Such challenges represented by wars and armed conflicts,deteriorating economic conditions,the large number of refugees,and the spread of many epidemics.Thus,limiting the region’s ability to deal with the surrounding biological hazards and struggling the way to the one health concept.Therefore,this article aims to shed light on the activities of the Middle East countries in the field of biotechnology and to address potential biological threats,whether natural such as the spread of viruses,or intentional such as biological attacks and bioterrorism.The article also shows the capacity of the countries of the region in the field of biosafety and biosecurity based on available information.Accordingly,some countries are lacking the required level of preparedness to face potential biological threats.Multi-institutional and international cooperation between the concerned countries will significantly enhance the capacity of the region in biosafety and biosecurity to meet the level of biological risk.Search methodology:wide range of related keywords(based on the section)combined with the name of the region,or one country individually have been searched using available search engines and databases such as google scholar and PubMed.After scanning the content of the found results,irrelevant articles have been excluded.Figures 2,3,4,6,and 7 were created by biorender.com.展开更多
Long noncoding RNA and microRNA are regulatory noncoding RNAs that are implicated in Alzheimer's disease, but the role of long noncoding RNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA has not been fully elucidated. The...Long noncoding RNA and microRNA are regulatory noncoding RNAs that are implicated in Alzheimer's disease, but the role of long noncoding RNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA has not been fully elucidated. The long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5(GAS5) is a member of the 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine gene family that may be involved in neurological disorders, but its role in Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function of GAS5 and construct a GAS5-associated competitive endogenous RNA network comprising potential targets. RNA sequencing results showed that GAS5 was upregulated in five familial Alzheimer's disease(5×FAD) mice, APPswe/PSEN1dE9(APP/PS1) mice, Alzheimer's disease-related APPswe cells, and serum from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Functional experiments with targeted overexpression and silencing demonstrated that GAS5 played a role in cognitive dysfunction and multiple Alzheimer's disease-associated pathologies, including tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-beta accumulation, and neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistic studies indicated that GAS5 acted as an endogenous sponge by competing for microRNA-23b-3p(miR-23b-3p) binding to regulate its targets glycogen synthase kinase 3beta(GSK-3β) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN) expression in an Argonaute 2-induced RNA silencing complex(RISC)-dependent manner. GAS5 inhibited miR-23b-3p-mediated GSK-3β and PTEN cascades with a feedforward PTEN/protein kinase B(Akt)/GSK-3β linkage. Furthermore, recovery of GAS5/miR-23b-3p/GSK-3β/PTEN pathways relieved Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in vivo, indicated by the amelioration of spatial cognition, neuronal degeneration, amyloid-beta load, and tau phosphorylation. Together, these findings suggest that GAS5 promotes Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. This study establishes the functional convergence of the GAS5/miR-23b-3p/GSK-3β/PTEN pathway on multiple pathologies, suggesting a candidate therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau,the two hallmark proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease(AD),exhibit distinct toxic effects but also interact synergistically within the disease pathology.The prevailing theory in AD patho...Amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau,the two hallmark proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease(AD),exhibit distinct toxic effects but also interact synergistically within the disease pathology.The prevailing theory in AD pathology-the amyloid cascade hypothesis-highlights the pivotal role of increased processing of the amyloid precursor protein(APP).Initially cleaved by the majorβ-secretase(β-amyloid cleaving enzyme-1,BACE1)in the brain,then undergoes further cleavage by theγ-secretase complex,resulting in the production of Aβ_(40-42)and a set of intracellular C-terminal peptides known as Aβand APP intracellular domain(β-AICDs)and soluble amyloid precursor proteinβ(sAPPβ)(Orobets and Karamyshev,2023).展开更多
The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitte...The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in coordinating synapse formation,neuronal proliferation,and migration during this time.展开更多
About the conference The main aim of the conference is to provide a platform for students,researchers,academicians and industry professionals to deliberate on the latest innovations,practical approach,current research...About the conference The main aim of the conference is to provide a platform for students,researchers,academicians and industry professionals to deliberate on the latest innovations,practical approach,current research findings,and their applications in the field of biotechnology,health,agriculture and environmental biotechnology.This National Conference will be a premier forum for presentation of recent advances and innovations in the field of biotechnology,microbiology,biochemistry,neurobiology,pharmacy,food science,sustainable development program,drug discovery,therapeutics and environmental issues with a focus on the real time problems.Invited lectures by eminent scientists will be the part of this program.展开更多
基金Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04021).
文摘Meeting the increasing demand for food and industrial products by the growing global population requires targeted efforts to improve crops,livestock,and microorganisms.Modern biotechnology,particularly genetic modification(GM)and genome-editing(GE)technologies,is crucial for food security and environmental sustainability.China,which is at the forefront of global biotechnological innovation and the rapid advancements in GM and GE technologies,has prioritized this field by implementing strategic programs such as the National High-tech Research&Development Program in 1986,the National Genetically Modified Organism New Variety Breeding Program in 2008,and the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project in 2022.Many biotechnological products have been widely commercialized in China,including biofertilizers,animal feed,animal vaccines,pesticides,and GM crops such as cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),maize(Zea mays),and soybean(Glycine max).In this review,we summarize progress on the research and utilization of GM and GE organisms in China over the past 3 decades and provide perspectives on their further development.This review thus aims to promote worldwide academic exchange and contribute to the further development and commercial success of agricultural biotechnology.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21978245)National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20200197).
文摘Cells employ proteins to perform metabolic functions and maintain active physiological state through charge transfer and energy conversion.These processes are carried out in a narrow space precisely and rapidly,which,no doubt,bring great difficulty for their detection and dissection.Fortunately,in recent years,the development and expansion of single-molecule technique in protein research make monitoring the dynamical changes of protein at single-molecule level a reality,which also provides a powerful tool for the further exploration of new phenomena and new mechanisms of life activities.This paper aims to summarize the working principle and essential achievements of single-molecule technique in protein research in recent five years.We focus on not only dissecting the difference of nanopores,atomic force microscope,scanning tunneling microscope,and optical tweezers technique,but also discussing the great significance of these single-molecule techniques in investigating intramolecular and intermolecular interactions,electron transport,and conformational changes.Finally,the opportunities and challenges of the single-molecule technique in protein research are discussed,which provide a new door for single-molecule protein research.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871549,32001441 and 32272015)the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology,China(cstc2015jcyjBX0143)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(XDJK2020C038)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0100506)the Young Eagles Program of Chongqing Municipal Commission of Education,China(CY220219)。
文摘α-Linolenic acid(ALA,18:3Δ9,12,15)is an essential fatty acid for humans since it is the precursor for the biosynthesis of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LC-PUFA).Modern people generally suffer from deficiency of ALA because most staple food oils are low or lack ALA content.Biotechnological enrichment of ALA in staple oil crops is a promising strategy.Chia(Salvia hispanica)has the highest ALA content in its seed oil among known oil crops.In this study,the FAD2 and FAD3 genes from chia were engineered into a staple oil crop,oilseed rape(Brassica napus),via Agrobaterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of their LP4-2A fusion gene construct driven by the seed-specific promoter P_(NapA).In seeds of T0,T1,and T2 lines,the average ALA contents were 20.86,23.54,and 24.92%,respectively,which were 2.21,2.68,and 3.03 folds of the non-transformed controls(9.42,8.78,and 8.22%),respectively.The highest seed ALA levels of T0,T1,and T2 plants were 38.41,35.98,and 39.19%respectively,which were 4.10-4.77 folds of the respective controls.FA-pathway enzyme genes(BnACCD,BnFATA,BnSAD,BnSCD,BnDGAT1,BnDGAT2,and BnDGAT3)and positive regulatory genes(BnWRI1,BnLEC1,BnL1L,BnLEC2,BnABI3,BnbZIP67,and BnMYB96)were all significantly up-regulated.In contrast,BnTT1,BnTT2,BnTT8,BnTT16,BnTTG1,and BnTTG2,encoding negative oil accumulation regulators but positive secondary metabolism regulators,were all significantly down-regulated.This means the foreign ShFAD2-ShFAD3 fusion gene,directly and indirectly,remodeled both positive and negative loci of the whole FA-related network in transgenic B.napus seeds.
文摘Several bacterial strains of Actinomycetes belonging to Streptomyces and Arthrobacter genera for the first time were used to study the biotechnology of synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles.The experimental conditions of gold and silver nanoparticles production by the cells of studied strains in aqueous chloroauric acid(HAuCIq)and in silver nitrate(AgNO3)solutions,respectively,were determined.Concentration and time-dependences of nanoparticle formation were investigated.The complex of optical and analytical methods was used for testing the gold and silver nanoparticles in the bacterial biomass.The TEM(Transmission Electron Microscopy)and XRD(X-ray Diffraction)data in all cases demonstrated the presence of crystals with fcc(face centered cubic)structure.The results obtained show that the Actinomycetes are capable of producing gold and silver nanoparticles of spherical shape extracellularly when exposed to suitable compounds.The particle size distribution shows that the sizes of nanoparticles are in the range of 5 nm to 80 nm.The biomass obtained may be used for industrial as well as medical and pharmaceutical purposes.
文摘The risks and damages related to the use of products, technologies and services of sanitary interest can be due to defects or manufacturing failures. Certain products already contain a certain degree of risk, which requires strict quality control in their production, distribution and use, as well as in the disposal of their waste in the environment. With continuous development in science and technology, medical devices must undergo intradermal irritation and testing for sensitization, cytotoxicity, and acute systemic toxicity. In health care, biotechnology aims to provide technology-based products or processes related to energy, food, and health, which are capable of stimulating new businesses, expanding exports, integrating the value chain and stimulating new demands for innovative products and processes, taking into account health policies. The present article was prepared by a bibliographical survey of the electronic databases PubMed, Lilacs, and Bireme. Cell culture testing can be successfully employed, as it is reproducible, rapid, sensitive, and financially accessible for performing in vitro toxicity testing. Thus, it has been possible to optimize the development phase of new products by decreasing animal use or even replacing them in certain tests. Some in vitro assays validated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in the area of health products have already replaced animal testing.
文摘Development of crop varieties which are resistant against many economically important diseases is a major challenge for plant biotechnologists worldwide. Although much progress in this area has been achieved through classical genetic approaches, this goal can be achieved in a more selective and robust manner with the success of genetic engineering techniques. In this regard, RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful modality for battling some of the most notoriously challenging diseases caused by viruses, fungi and bacteria. RNAi is a mechanism for RNA-guided regulation of gene expression in which double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) inhibits the expression of genes with complementary nucleotide sequences. The application of tissue-specific or inducible gene silencing in combination with the use of appropriate promoters to silence several genes simultaneously will result in protection of crops against destructive pathogens. RNAi application has resulted in successful control of many economically important diseases in plants.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0905700)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211535)+2 种基金Jiangsu agricultral science and technology innovation fund(CX233055)the Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture(XTD2213)Jiangsu Province“333”project(2022).
文摘GABA(Gamma-aminobutyric acid),a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system,has gained significant attention in recent years due to its extensive benefits for human health.The review focused on recent advances in the biosynthesis and production of GABA.To begin with,the investigation evaluates GABA-producing strains and metabolic pathways,focusing on microbial sources such as Lactic Acid Bacteria,Escherichia coli,and Corynebac-terium glutamicum.The metabolic pathways of GABA are elaborated upon,including the GABA shunt and critical enzymes involved in its synthesis.Next,strategies to enhance microbial GABA production are discussed,including optimization of fermentation factors,different fermentation methods such as co-culture strategy and two-step fermentation,and modification of the GABA metabolic pathway.The review also explores methods for determining glutamate(Glu)and GABA levels,emphasizing the importance of accurate quantification.Furthermore,a comprehensive market analysis and prospects are provided,highlighting current trends,potential applications,and challenges in the GABA industry.Overall,this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industrialists working on GABA advancements,focusing on its efficient synthesis processes and various applications,and providing novel ideas and approaches to improve GABA yield and quality.
文摘Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare complication that develops after partial orcomplete turbinectomy. The main feature of ENS is paradoxical nasal obstructionfeeling despite objectively wide nasal airway. ENS pathogenesis is multifactorialand includes changes in laminar physiological airflow, disruption of mucosafunctions and deficient neural sensation. This leads to the development of ENSsymptomatology such as dyspnea, nasal dryness, nasal burning, nasalobstruction, feeling of suffocation and even comorbid psychiatric disorders thatsignificantly impairs life quality. Specific effective treatment of ENS does not existup to date. In this review we outline existing biomaterial for surgical reconstitutionof nasal anatomy and discuss the perspective of stem cell-based technologiesin ENS management. The main focus is directed to justification ofrationality application of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from differenttissues origin and neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs) based on their intrinsicbiological properties. MSCs transplantation may stimulate mucosa tissueregeneration via trophic factors secretion, direct transdifferentiation into epithelialcells and pronounced immunosuppressive effect. From the other hand, NCSCsbased on their high neuroprotective properties may reconstitute nerve structureand functioning leading to normal sensation in ENS patients. We postulate thatapplication of cell-based and tissue-engineered products can help to significantlyimprove ENS symptomatology only as complex approach aimed at reconstitutionof nasal anatomy, recovery the nasal mucosa functionality and neural tissuesensation.
文摘Most legumes and oil bean seeds used in condiment manufacture in Africa are inedible by nature. They contain antinutritional elements such indigestible oligosaccharides and phytate. Fermentation affects desired alterations by lowering anti-nutritional components and enhancing digestibility. Okpeye is a traditional West African seasoning prepared from Prosopis africana seed solid substrate fermentation. Many homes consider it as a family business because the preparation follows a passed-down habit from previous generations as an inexpensive source of plant protein. However, natural nature of the fermentation process raises concerns about the consistency, quality, and safety of the finished product. Because the seasoning is created on a small scale with less sophisticated equipment and manufacturing procedures, there are concerns about microbial safety. Thus, fermentation process and the range of microbial composition involved in Prosopis africana okpeye production were evaluated in this review. Potential spoilage agents, as well as biochemical and nutritional changes occurring during production of okpeye are gaining interest among researcher. This review highlights information that can help in developing starter cultures in a controlled fermentation process that ensures quality, longer shelf life, and microbiological safety.
文摘The original online version of this article (Kitadokoro, K., Matsui, S., Osokoshi, R., Nakata, K. and Kamitani, S. (2018) Expression, Purification and Crystallization of Thermostable Mutant of Cutinase Est1 from Thermobifida alba. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 9, 215-223. https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2018.95015) unfortunately contains some mistakes. The author wishes to correct the errors.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0909500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170080 and 32370026)TW would like to acknowledge funding by the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF20CC0035580).
文摘The field of advanced biotechnology,particularly genome editing,has witnessed transformative advancements in recent years^([1])with significant implications for the production of natural products^([2])and the enhancement of industrial biotechnology processes^([3]).To showcase these important works and inspire peers,we organized this special issue on Advances in Genome Editing Tools and Applications for Natural Products and Industrial Biotechnology.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130078)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31991210)Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(PC2023A01003).
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum)production is vital for global food security,providing energy and protein to mil-lions of people worldwide.Recent advancements in wheat research have led to significant increases in pro-duction,fueled by technological and scientific innovation.Here,we summarize the major advancements in wheat research,particularly the integration of biotechnologies and a deeper understanding of wheat biology.The shift from multi-omics to pan-omics approaches in wheat research has greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex genome,genomic variations,and regulatory networks to decode com-plex traits.We also outline key scientific questions,potential research directions,and technological stra-tegies for improving wheat over the next decade.Since global wheat production is expected to increase by 60%in 2050,continued innovation and collaboration are crucial.Integrating biotechnologies and a deeper understanding of wheat biology will be essential for addressing future challenges in wheat production,ensuring sustainable practices and improved productivity.
基金supports of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100703)the Guangdong Province Key Areas Research and Development Programs(2022B1111070006,China)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515012225,China)the project of Guangdong Provincial Academy of Sciences(2022GDASZH-2022010101,China)for the financial support.
文摘The disturbance of the human microbiota influences the occurrence and progression of many diseases.Live therapeutic bacteria,with their genetic manipulability,anaerobic tendencies,and immunomodulatory properties,are emerging as promising therapeutic agents.However,their clinical applications face challenges in maintaining activity and achieving precise spatiotemporal release,particularly in the harsh gastrointestinal environment.This review highlights the innovative bacterial functionalized encapsulation strategies developed through advances in physicochemical and biological techniques.We comprehensively review how bacterial encapsulation strategies can be used to provide physical barriers and enhanced adhesion properties to live microorganisms,while introducing superior material properties to live bacteria.In addition,this review outlines how bacterial surface coating can facilitate targeted delivery and precise spatiotemporal release of live bacteria.Furthermore,it elucidates their potential applications for treating different diseases,along with critical perspectives on challenges in clinical translation.This review comprehensively analyzes the connection between functionalized bacterial encapsulation and innovative biomedical applications,providing a theoretical reference for the development of next-generation bacterial therapies.
文摘White biotechnology uses enzymes and microorganisms to produce value-added chemicals from renewable sources.White biotechnology provides valuable components for the food,pharmaceutical,agricultural sectors as well as other industries.Metabolic diversity in fungi,yeast,and bacteria can be exploited to produce food additives and other industrial products.This is an interesting topic for those interested in screening and metabolic testing of microorganisms,industrial biotechnology,fermentation technology,and the biological products research community.The use of microbial-derived compounds has a long history in the food industry,and compounds such as flavorings,essential amino acids,poly-unsaturated fatty acids,organic acids,gelling,etc.can be obtained from microbial sources.Also,the role of microbes in human health and well-being cannot be ignored.Microbes produce primary metabolites such as vitamins,nucleotides,and amino acids,as well as secondary metabolites.These secondary metabolites are used to make many drugs.In agriculture,microbes are also used to make fertilizers and biological pesticides.This paper reviews the types of bio-products obtained through biotechnology and the barriers and challenges of white biotechnology.
文摘Biotechnology became a paradigm-shifting science among all subfields of biology.The benefits of biotechnology have reached many practical fields,whether human health,animal,and/or agricultural.However,wherever there is a biotechnology practice,there is an associated biohazard with it,and its negative impact may reach all living entities including humans.Therefore,the cooperation of the leading institutions in this field has culminated in creating the concepts and applications of biosafety and biosecurity.The countries of the Middle East are considered biotechnology-practicing and have shown a clear acceptance to this field.But unfortunately,the Middle East region is one that is facing the most multichallenges,which would constitute real and noticeable concern at the local and international levels.Such challenges represented by wars and armed conflicts,deteriorating economic conditions,the large number of refugees,and the spread of many epidemics.Thus,limiting the region’s ability to deal with the surrounding biological hazards and struggling the way to the one health concept.Therefore,this article aims to shed light on the activities of the Middle East countries in the field of biotechnology and to address potential biological threats,whether natural such as the spread of viruses,or intentional such as biological attacks and bioterrorism.The article also shows the capacity of the countries of the region in the field of biosafety and biosecurity based on available information.Accordingly,some countries are lacking the required level of preparedness to face potential biological threats.Multi-institutional and international cooperation between the concerned countries will significantly enhance the capacity of the region in biosafety and biosecurity to meet the level of biological risk.Search methodology:wide range of related keywords(based on the section)combined with the name of the region,or one country individually have been searched using available search engines and databases such as google scholar and PubMed.After scanning the content of the found results,irrelevant articles have been excluded.Figures 2,3,4,6,and 7 were created by biorender.com.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos. 82173806 and U1803281Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Science,Nos. 2021-I2M-1-030 and 2022-I2M-2-002Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No. 2022-JKCS-08 (all to RL)。
文摘Long noncoding RNA and microRNA are regulatory noncoding RNAs that are implicated in Alzheimer's disease, but the role of long noncoding RNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA has not been fully elucidated. The long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific 5(GAS5) is a member of the 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine gene family that may be involved in neurological disorders, but its role in Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the function of GAS5 and construct a GAS5-associated competitive endogenous RNA network comprising potential targets. RNA sequencing results showed that GAS5 was upregulated in five familial Alzheimer's disease(5×FAD) mice, APPswe/PSEN1dE9(APP/PS1) mice, Alzheimer's disease-related APPswe cells, and serum from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Functional experiments with targeted overexpression and silencing demonstrated that GAS5 played a role in cognitive dysfunction and multiple Alzheimer's disease-associated pathologies, including tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-beta accumulation, and neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistic studies indicated that GAS5 acted as an endogenous sponge by competing for microRNA-23b-3p(miR-23b-3p) binding to regulate its targets glycogen synthase kinase 3beta(GSK-3β) and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN) expression in an Argonaute 2-induced RNA silencing complex(RISC)-dependent manner. GAS5 inhibited miR-23b-3p-mediated GSK-3β and PTEN cascades with a feedforward PTEN/protein kinase B(Akt)/GSK-3β linkage. Furthermore, recovery of GAS5/miR-23b-3p/GSK-3β/PTEN pathways relieved Alzheimer's disease-like symptoms in vivo, indicated by the amelioration of spatial cognition, neuronal degeneration, amyloid-beta load, and tau phosphorylation. Together, these findings suggest that GAS5 promotes Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. This study establishes the functional convergence of the GAS5/miR-23b-3p/GSK-3β/PTEN pathway on multiple pathologies, suggesting a candidate therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease.
文摘Amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau,the two hallmark proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease(AD),exhibit distinct toxic effects but also interact synergistically within the disease pathology.The prevailing theory in AD pathology-the amyloid cascade hypothesis-highlights the pivotal role of increased processing of the amyloid precursor protein(APP).Initially cleaved by the majorβ-secretase(β-amyloid cleaving enzyme-1,BACE1)in the brain,then undergoes further cleavage by theγ-secretase complex,resulting in the production of Aβ_(40-42)and a set of intracellular C-terminal peptides known as Aβand APP intracellular domain(β-AICDs)and soluble amyloid precursor proteinβ(sAPPβ)(Orobets and Karamyshev,2023).
基金supported by the Center for Cognition and Sociality,Institute for Basic Science(IBS)(IBS-R001-D2)(to WK).
文摘The early developmental period is a critical window during which brain cells mature and contribute to both brain development and later life functions.Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),recognized as a major neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in coordinating synapse formation,neuronal proliferation,and migration during this time.
文摘About the conference The main aim of the conference is to provide a platform for students,researchers,academicians and industry professionals to deliberate on the latest innovations,practical approach,current research findings,and their applications in the field of biotechnology,health,agriculture and environmental biotechnology.This National Conference will be a premier forum for presentation of recent advances and innovations in the field of biotechnology,microbiology,biochemistry,neurobiology,pharmacy,food science,sustainable development program,drug discovery,therapeutics and environmental issues with a focus on the real time problems.Invited lectures by eminent scientists will be the part of this program.
