Background:Picropodophllotoxin(PPT),a principal component of Podophyllum hexandrum root,demonstrates various beneficial biological activities in multiple cancer types,including antitumor and antiproliferative properti...Background:Picropodophllotoxin(PPT),a principal component of Podophyllum hexandrum root,demonstrates various beneficial biological activities in multiple cancer types,including antitumor and antiproliferative properties.Despite its known effects,the specific mechanisms by which PPT induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)cells lack full clarification.Aims:This study aimed to evaluate the role of PPT in inducing apoptosis in OSCC cells by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and to investigate the underlying molecular pathways.Methods:Human OSCC cell lines(HN22 and HSC4)were treated with PPT.Cell viability,colony formation,and apoptotic morphological changes were evaluated.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and mitochondrial function were assessed using tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester,MitoSOX,and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assays following PPT treatment.The expression of apoptosis markers,including cleaved Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase(c-PARP)and other target proteins,was measured using western blotting.ROS involvement was further confirmed using the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine(NAC).Results:Treatment with PPT resulted in a substantial reduction in cell viability,a decrease in colony formation capacity,and evident morphological changes in OSCC cells.These effects were dose-and time-dependent,as evidenced by increased expression of c-PARP.PPT-induced apoptosis was mediated by excessive ROS generation,which was almost completely blocked by NAC pretreatment.Conclusions:These findings suggest that PPT may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for treating human oral cancer by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway and inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis.展开更多
In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation ...In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation determine the final outcome of irradiation. Radiotherapy is one of the main modality treatments of neoplastic diseases with intent to cure, or sometimes to palliate only, thus radiation-induced non-targeted effect, commonly referred to as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) may have a share in cancer treatment. RIBE is mediated by molecular signaling from radiation targeted cells to their non-irradiated neighbors, and comprises such phenomena as bystander effect, genomic instability, adaptive response and abscopal effect. Whereas first three phenomena may appear both in vitro and in vivo, an abscopal effect is closely related to partial body irradiation and is a systemic effect mediated by immunologic system which synergizes with radiotherapy. From the clinical point of view abscopal effect is particularly interesting due to both its possible valuable contribution to the treatment of metastases, and the potential harmful effects as induction of genetic instability and carcinogenesis. This review summarized the main results of investigations of non-targeted effects coming from in vitro monolayer cultures, 3-dimentional models of tissues, preclinical studies on rodents and clinically observed beneficial abscopal effects with particular emphasis on participation of immunotherapy in the creation of abscopal effects.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS) are believed to be inevitable and toxic by-products produced during cellular respiration. However,several lines of evidence show that diverse extracellular signals can activate ROS product...Reactive oxygen species(ROS) are believed to be inevitable and toxic by-products produced during cellular respiration. However,several lines of evidence show that diverse extracellular signals can activate ROS production and provide important function for various biological processes.展开更多
Viruses present in water might be harmful for human health and life. Nowadays over 100 pathogenic human virus species occur in water polluted with sewage. Chlorination, which is the most popular disinfection method is...Viruses present in water might be harmful for human health and life. Nowadays over 100 pathogenic human virus species occur in water polluted with sewage. Chlorination, which is the most popular disinfection method is not able to remove easily viruses from treated water. Due to this, it’s necessary to detect viruses in water before treatment in order to determine disinfectant dose and to ensure the sanitary safety level of treated water. The aim of this article is to review viruses detection methods as well as the problems related to implementation of those methods in analysis of water and wastewater samples.展开更多
Increased expression levels of the RNA splicing regulator Transformer2fl （abbreviated Tra2fl） have been reported in several types of cancer. Recent work has revealed an intimate cross-regulation between Tra2fl and t...Increased expression levels of the RNA splicing regulator Transformer2fl （abbreviated Tra2fl） have been reported in several types of cancer. Recent work has revealed an intimate cross-regulation between Tra2fl and the highly similar Tra2a protein in human breast cancer cells, though these two proteins are encoded by separate genes created by a gene duplication that occurred over 500 million years ago. This cross-regulation involves splicing control of a special class of exons, called poison exons. Down-regulation of Tra2fl reduces splicing inclu- sion of a poison exon in the mRNA encoding Tra2a, thereby up-regulating Tra2a protein expression. This buffers any splicing changes that might be caused by individual depletion of Tra2fl alone. Discovery of this cross-regulation pathway, and its by-pass by joint deple- tion of both human Tra2 proteins, revealed Tra2 proteins are essential for breast cancer cell viability, and led to the identification of important targets for splicing control. These exons include a critical exon within the checkpoint kinase 1 （CHK1） gene that plays a crucial function in the protection of cancer cells from replication stress. Breast cancer cells depleted for Tra2 proteins have reduced CHK1 protein levels and accumulate DNA damage. These data suggest Tra2 proteins and/or their splicing targets as possible cancer drug targets.展开更多
Population growth and income increase have promoted a greater consumption of animal-based food.To increase the yield of livestock animals,antibiotic growth promoters(AGPs)have been provided at sub-therapeutic doses in...Population growth and income increase have promoted a greater consumption of animal-based food.To increase the yield of livestock animals,antibiotic growth promoters(AGPs)have been provided at sub-therapeutic doses in water and feed for production animals.Unfortunately,the misuse of antibiotics has been associated with antimicrobial resistance(AMR),resulting in their ban as animal growth promoters in different countries.In recent years,phytocompounds have emerged as an alternative to substitute the use of antibiotics on livestock.In this context,capsaicinoids and capsinoids from Capsicum chilli peppers have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo,exhibiting interesting biological activities,such as analgesic,antimicrobial,antioxidant,hypotensive,anticancer,antidiabetic,and slimming effects.Capsinoids and capsaicinoids of chilli pepper have been mostly studied as alternatives to the treatment of obesity;thus,there are several gaps regarding how these phytocompounds enhance weight gain when used as feed additives in animal nutrition and there is no summary of the plethora of research that has been carried out using Capsicum,in extract or powder,in the diet of different species of farm animals that includes the biological effects,suggested doses,and possible mixtures with other phytocompounds or medicinal plants.Therefore,this review addresses updates on the mechanisms of action of AGPs and capsaicinoids from chilli pepper to improve animal health and promote growth and productivity.Additionally,the biological effects on farm animals after the addition of Capsicum in the diet are summarized,as well as the effective doses to promote growth in chickens,pigs,and ruminants.Finally,future trends and challenges about the use of AGPs and chilli pepper compounds in livestock nutrition are highlighted.展开更多
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Toxicology(KIT)Research Program[No.2710008763(KK-2401-01)]the Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)through the Core Technology Development Project for Environmental Diseases Prevention and Management[No.2480000072(RS-2021-KE001705)]。
文摘Background:Picropodophllotoxin(PPT),a principal component of Podophyllum hexandrum root,demonstrates various beneficial biological activities in multiple cancer types,including antitumor and antiproliferative properties.Despite its known effects,the specific mechanisms by which PPT induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)cells lack full clarification.Aims:This study aimed to evaluate the role of PPT in inducing apoptosis in OSCC cells by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and to investigate the underlying molecular pathways.Methods:Human OSCC cell lines(HN22 and HSC4)were treated with PPT.Cell viability,colony formation,and apoptotic morphological changes were evaluated.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and mitochondrial function were assessed using tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester,MitoSOX,and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)assays following PPT treatment.The expression of apoptosis markers,including cleaved Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase(c-PARP)and other target proteins,was measured using western blotting.ROS involvement was further confirmed using the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine(NAC).Results:Treatment with PPT resulted in a substantial reduction in cell viability,a decrease in colony formation capacity,and evident morphological changes in OSCC cells.These effects were dose-and time-dependent,as evidenced by increased expression of c-PARP.PPT-induced apoptosis was mediated by excessive ROS generation,which was almost completely blocked by NAC pretreatment.Conclusions:These findings suggest that PPT may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for treating human oral cancer by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway and inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis.
文摘In the past 20 years, the classic paradigm in radiobiology recognizing DNA as the main target for the action of radiation has changed. The new paradigm assumes that both targeted and non-targeted effects of radiation determine the final outcome of irradiation. Radiotherapy is one of the main modality treatments of neoplastic diseases with intent to cure, or sometimes to palliate only, thus radiation-induced non-targeted effect, commonly referred to as the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) may have a share in cancer treatment. RIBE is mediated by molecular signaling from radiation targeted cells to their non-irradiated neighbors, and comprises such phenomena as bystander effect, genomic instability, adaptive response and abscopal effect. Whereas first three phenomena may appear both in vitro and in vivo, an abscopal effect is closely related to partial body irradiation and is a systemic effect mediated by immunologic system which synergizes with radiotherapy. From the clinical point of view abscopal effect is particularly interesting due to both its possible valuable contribution to the treatment of metastases, and the potential harmful effects as induction of genetic instability and carcinogenesis. This review summarized the main results of investigations of non-targeted effects coming from in vitro monolayer cultures, 3-dimentional models of tissues, preclinical studies on rodents and clinically observed beneficial abscopal effects with particular emphasis on participation of immunotherapy in the creation of abscopal effects.
基金supported by grants from the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (10063396)the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea (2018M3A9B8021980)
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS) are believed to be inevitable and toxic by-products produced during cellular respiration. However,several lines of evidence show that diverse extracellular signals can activate ROS production and provide important function for various biological processes.
基金supported by grant BKM/514/RAU-1/2013 t.26 from Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice,Poland.
文摘Viruses present in water might be harmful for human health and life. Nowadays over 100 pathogenic human virus species occur in water polluted with sewage. Chlorination, which is the most popular disinfection method is not able to remove easily viruses from treated water. Due to this, it’s necessary to detect viruses in water before treatment in order to determine disinfectant dose and to ensure the sanitary safety level of treated water. The aim of this article is to review viruses detection methods as well as the problems related to implementation of those methods in analysis of water and wastewater samples.
文摘Increased expression levels of the RNA splicing regulator Transformer2fl （abbreviated Tra2fl） have been reported in several types of cancer. Recent work has revealed an intimate cross-regulation between Tra2fl and the highly similar Tra2a protein in human breast cancer cells, though these two proteins are encoded by separate genes created by a gene duplication that occurred over 500 million years ago. This cross-regulation involves splicing control of a special class of exons, called poison exons. Down-regulation of Tra2fl reduces splicing inclu- sion of a poison exon in the mRNA encoding Tra2a, thereby up-regulating Tra2a protein expression. This buffers any splicing changes that might be caused by individual depletion of Tra2fl alone. Discovery of this cross-regulation pathway, and its by-pass by joint deple- tion of both human Tra2 proteins, revealed Tra2 proteins are essential for breast cancer cell viability, and led to the identification of important targets for splicing control. These exons include a critical exon within the checkpoint kinase 1 （CHK1） gene that plays a crucial function in the protection of cancer cells from replication stress. Breast cancer cells depleted for Tra2 proteins have reduced CHK1 protein levels and accumulate DNA damage. These data suggest Tra2 proteins and/or their splicing targets as possible cancer drug targets.
基金supported by CONAHCyT grant G-1176.V G-C acknowledges CONAHCyT for her doctoral grant(CVU 791543).
文摘Population growth and income increase have promoted a greater consumption of animal-based food.To increase the yield of livestock animals,antibiotic growth promoters(AGPs)have been provided at sub-therapeutic doses in water and feed for production animals.Unfortunately,the misuse of antibiotics has been associated with antimicrobial resistance(AMR),resulting in their ban as animal growth promoters in different countries.In recent years,phytocompounds have emerged as an alternative to substitute the use of antibiotics on livestock.In this context,capsaicinoids and capsinoids from Capsicum chilli peppers have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo,exhibiting interesting biological activities,such as analgesic,antimicrobial,antioxidant,hypotensive,anticancer,antidiabetic,and slimming effects.Capsinoids and capsaicinoids of chilli pepper have been mostly studied as alternatives to the treatment of obesity;thus,there are several gaps regarding how these phytocompounds enhance weight gain when used as feed additives in animal nutrition and there is no summary of the plethora of research that has been carried out using Capsicum,in extract or powder,in the diet of different species of farm animals that includes the biological effects,suggested doses,and possible mixtures with other phytocompounds or medicinal plants.Therefore,this review addresses updates on the mechanisms of action of AGPs and capsaicinoids from chilli pepper to improve animal health and promote growth and productivity.Additionally,the biological effects on farm animals after the addition of Capsicum in the diet are summarized,as well as the effective doses to promote growth in chickens,pigs,and ruminants.Finally,future trends and challenges about the use of AGPs and chilli pepper compounds in livestock nutrition are highlighted.
