The influence of chitosaccharides on the symbiotic interaction between Bradyrhizobium and soybean was examined. The results show that chitosaccharides either positively or negatively affect soybean nodulation or plant...The influence of chitosaccharides on the symbiotic interaction between Bradyrhizobium and soybean was examined. The results show that chitosaccharides either positively or negatively affect soybean nodulation or plant growth depending on their molecular weight, concentration and the application methods. When directly added to the in vitro culture media, chitosan of high molecular weight inhibit Bradyrhizobium viability in a dose dependent manner while chitooligosaccharides reduce slightly the bacteria viability only at concentration equal or higher than 50 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>. Chitooligosaccharides significantly enhance nodule formation and dry mass in soybean roots at doses between 10 and 100 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>. Both types of chitosaccharides, at the highest doses (>500 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>), negatively affect plant height and root size, whereas medium doses (50 to 100 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>) increase slightly leave number. Under field conditions, foliar application of both chitosaccharides enhances growth and nodulation of soybean plants. Nevertheless, using this application method, chitosan remains more effective than chitooligosaccharides.展开更多
Objective: Echinococcosis is a major parasitic zoonosis of public health importance in western China. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Health estimated that 380,000 people had the disease in the region. The Qinghai-Ti...Objective: Echinococcosis is a major parasitic zoonosis of public health importance in western China. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Health estimated that 380,000 people had the disease in the region. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is highly co-endemic with both alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). In the past years, the Chinese government has been increasing the financial support to control the diseases in this region. Therefore, it is very important to identify the significant risk factors of the diseases by reviewing studies done in the region in the past decade to help policymakers design appropriate control strategies. Review: Selection criteria for which literature to review were firstly defined. Medline, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Google Scholar were systematically searched for literature published between January 2000 and July 2011. Significant risk factors found by single factor and/or multiple factors analysis were listed, counted, and summarized. Literature was examined to check the comparability of the data;age and sex specific prevalence with same data structures were merged and used for further analysis. A variety of assumed social, economical, behavioral, and ecological risk factors were studied on the Plateau. Those most at risk were Tibetan herdsmen, the old and female in particular. By analyzing merged comparable data, it was found that females had a significant higher prevalence, and a positive linearity relationship existed between echinococcosis prevalence and increasing age. In terms of behavioral risk factors, playing with dogs was mostly correlated with CE and/or AE prevalence. In terms of hygiene, employing ground water as the drinking water source was significantly correlated with CE and AE prevalence. For definitive hosts, dog related factors were most frequently identified with prevalence of CE or/and AE;fox was a potential risk factor for AE prevalence only. Overgrazing and deforestation were significant for AE prevalence only. Conclusion: Tibetan herdsmen communities were at the highest risk of echinococcosis prevalence and should be the focus of echinococcosis control. Deworming both owned and stray dogs should be a major measure for controlling echinococcosis;treatment of wild definitive hosts should also be considered for AE endemic areas. Health education activities should be in concert with the local people's education backgrounds and languages in order to be able to improve behaviors. Further researches are needed to clarify the importance of wild hosts for AE/CE prevalence, the extent and range of the impacts of ecologic changes (overgrazing and deforestation) on the AE prevalence, and risk factors in Tibet.展开更多
Fish constitute important high protein products to meet the demands of an increasing global population.However,the continued depletion of wild fish stocks is leading to increased strain on the aquaculture sector in te...Fish constitute important high protein products to meet the demands of an increasing global population.However,the continued depletion of wild fish stocks is leading to increased strain on the aquaculture sector in terms of sustaining the supply of fish and seafood to global markets.Despite the fact that aquaculture is more diversified than other agriculture sectors,there are significant pressures on the industry to continue innovating in order to enable sustainability including increased fish production,improved appropriate selection of species,disease mitigation,reduced wastage,preventing environmental pollution and generating more employment globally.This viewpoint article addresses how digital transformation can help support and meet expansion needs of the fisheries/aquaculture industries that includes exploiting and harnessing ICT,IoT,Cloud-edge computing,AI,machine learning,immersive technologies and blockchain.Digital technologies are bringing significant operational benefits for global food chain,improving efficiencies and productivity,reducing waste,contamination and food fraud.The focus on digital technologies has recently evolved to Industry 5.0 where AI and robotics are coupled with the human mind in order to advance human-centric solutions.This viewpoint describes the role of Quadruple helix Hub(academic-industry-government and society)in delivering a convergent holistic approach to meeting the diversity of fishery industry needs by connecting and placing fisheries centrally in a defined ecosystem of stakeholders.This includes specialist training,testing technologies,providing access to finance and fostering disruption through aquaculture accelerator initiatives such as that provided by Hatch Blue.Connecting digital Innovation Hubs trans-regionally,nationally and internationally will also help mitigate against significant risks for the fisheries and aquaculture industry including climate change,global pandemics and conflicts that can jeopardize fish and seafood production and supply chains.There is also a commensurate need to avail of digital technologies in order to increase awareness of key industry issues across the value chain,such as through social marketing.Thus,addressing key challenges by way of the global digital transformation of fishery and aquaculture industry will meet several sustainable development goals of the United Nations catered around the application of disruptive technology.展开更多
Sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases(Cdks)controls mammalian cell cycle.Here we demonstrate that the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2(Cdk2)activity coincides with the loss of mitochondrial membra...Sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases(Cdks)controls mammalian cell cycle.Here we demonstrate that the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2(Cdk2)activity coincides with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis.Ectopic expression of the dominant negative Cdk2(Cdk2-dn)and a specific Cdk2 inhibitor,p21WAF1/CIP1,effectively suppresses the loss of MMP,the release of cytochrome c,and subsequent activation of caspase-3 in paclitaxel-treated cells.Whereas forced activation of Cdk2 by overexpression of cyclin A dramatically promotes these events.We further show that Cdk2 activation status does not interfere with a procedure that lies downstream of cytochrome c release induced by Bax protein.These findings suggest that Cdk2 kinase can regulate apoptosis at earlier stages than mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome c release.展开更多
文摘The influence of chitosaccharides on the symbiotic interaction between Bradyrhizobium and soybean was examined. The results show that chitosaccharides either positively or negatively affect soybean nodulation or plant growth depending on their molecular weight, concentration and the application methods. When directly added to the in vitro culture media, chitosan of high molecular weight inhibit Bradyrhizobium viability in a dose dependent manner while chitooligosaccharides reduce slightly the bacteria viability only at concentration equal or higher than 50 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>. Chitooligosaccharides significantly enhance nodule formation and dry mass in soybean roots at doses between 10 and 100 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>. Both types of chitosaccharides, at the highest doses (>500 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>), negatively affect plant height and root size, whereas medium doses (50 to 100 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>) increase slightly leave number. Under field conditions, foliar application of both chitosaccharides enhances growth and nodulation of soybean plants. Nevertheless, using this application method, chitosan remains more effective than chitooligosaccharides.
文摘Objective: Echinococcosis is a major parasitic zoonosis of public health importance in western China. In 2004, the Chinese Ministry of Health estimated that 380,000 people had the disease in the region. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is highly co-endemic with both alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE). In the past years, the Chinese government has been increasing the financial support to control the diseases in this region. Therefore, it is very important to identify the significant risk factors of the diseases by reviewing studies done in the region in the past decade to help policymakers design appropriate control strategies. Review: Selection criteria for which literature to review were firstly defined. Medline, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Google Scholar were systematically searched for literature published between January 2000 and July 2011. Significant risk factors found by single factor and/or multiple factors analysis were listed, counted, and summarized. Literature was examined to check the comparability of the data;age and sex specific prevalence with same data structures were merged and used for further analysis. A variety of assumed social, economical, behavioral, and ecological risk factors were studied on the Plateau. Those most at risk were Tibetan herdsmen, the old and female in particular. By analyzing merged comparable data, it was found that females had a significant higher prevalence, and a positive linearity relationship existed between echinococcosis prevalence and increasing age. In terms of behavioral risk factors, playing with dogs was mostly correlated with CE and/or AE prevalence. In terms of hygiene, employing ground water as the drinking water source was significantly correlated with CE and AE prevalence. For definitive hosts, dog related factors were most frequently identified with prevalence of CE or/and AE;fox was a potential risk factor for AE prevalence only. Overgrazing and deforestation were significant for AE prevalence only. Conclusion: Tibetan herdsmen communities were at the highest risk of echinococcosis prevalence and should be the focus of echinococcosis control. Deworming both owned and stray dogs should be a major measure for controlling echinococcosis;treatment of wild definitive hosts should also be considered for AE endemic areas. Health education activities should be in concert with the local people's education backgrounds and languages in order to be able to improve behaviors. Further researches are needed to clarify the importance of wild hosts for AE/CE prevalence, the extent and range of the impacts of ecologic changes (overgrazing and deforestation) on the AE prevalence, and risk factors in Tibet.
基金The author would like to thank Interreg Atlantic Area Neptunus(Project EAPA_576/2018)MSCA RISE(ICHTHYS Project Number 872217)+1 种基金Regional University Network European University(RUN-EU Project)Bord Iascaigh Mhara(Project 2019 BIM-KGS-008)for funding support.
文摘Fish constitute important high protein products to meet the demands of an increasing global population.However,the continued depletion of wild fish stocks is leading to increased strain on the aquaculture sector in terms of sustaining the supply of fish and seafood to global markets.Despite the fact that aquaculture is more diversified than other agriculture sectors,there are significant pressures on the industry to continue innovating in order to enable sustainability including increased fish production,improved appropriate selection of species,disease mitigation,reduced wastage,preventing environmental pollution and generating more employment globally.This viewpoint article addresses how digital transformation can help support and meet expansion needs of the fisheries/aquaculture industries that includes exploiting and harnessing ICT,IoT,Cloud-edge computing,AI,machine learning,immersive technologies and blockchain.Digital technologies are bringing significant operational benefits for global food chain,improving efficiencies and productivity,reducing waste,contamination and food fraud.The focus on digital technologies has recently evolved to Industry 5.0 where AI and robotics are coupled with the human mind in order to advance human-centric solutions.This viewpoint describes the role of Quadruple helix Hub(academic-industry-government and society)in delivering a convergent holistic approach to meeting the diversity of fishery industry needs by connecting and placing fisheries centrally in a defined ecosystem of stakeholders.This includes specialist training,testing technologies,providing access to finance and fostering disruption through aquaculture accelerator initiatives such as that provided by Hatch Blue.Connecting digital Innovation Hubs trans-regionally,nationally and internationally will also help mitigate against significant risks for the fisheries and aquaculture industry including climate change,global pandemics and conflicts that can jeopardize fish and seafood production and supply chains.There is also a commensurate need to avail of digital technologies in order to increase awareness of key industry issues across the value chain,such as through social marketing.Thus,addressing key challenges by way of the global digital transformation of fishery and aquaculture industry will meet several sustainable development goals of the United Nations catered around the application of disruptive technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.90813003 and 31070670)by a grant from the National Research Laboratory Fund(M10104000129-02J0000-05910)from the Ministry of Science and Technology,Korea,to S.K.Lee.
文摘Sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases(Cdks)controls mammalian cell cycle.Here we demonstrate that the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2(Cdk2)activity coincides with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis.Ectopic expression of the dominant negative Cdk2(Cdk2-dn)and a specific Cdk2 inhibitor,p21WAF1/CIP1,effectively suppresses the loss of MMP,the release of cytochrome c,and subsequent activation of caspase-3 in paclitaxel-treated cells.Whereas forced activation of Cdk2 by overexpression of cyclin A dramatically promotes these events.We further show that Cdk2 activation status does not interfere with a procedure that lies downstream of cytochrome c release induced by Bax protein.These findings suggest that Cdk2 kinase can regulate apoptosis at earlier stages than mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome c release.
