In traumatized patients, the primary cause of mortality is uncontrollable continuous bleeding and unexpected intraoperative bleeding which is likely to increase the risk of complications and surgical failure. High exp...In traumatized patients, the primary cause of mortality is uncontrollable continuous bleeding and unexpected intraoperative bleeding which is likely to increase the risk of complications and surgical failure. High expansion sponges are effective clinical practice for the treatment of wound bleeding (irregular/deep/narrow) that are caused by capillaries, veins and even arterioles as they possess a high liquid absorption ratio so can absorb blood platelets easily in comparison with traditional haemostasis treatments, which involve compression, ligation, or electrical coagulation etc. When in contact with blood, haemostatic sponges can cause platelet adhesion, aggregation, and thrombosis, preventing blood from flowing out from wounds, triggering the release of coagulation factors, causing the blood to form a stable polymerized fibre protein, forming blood clots, and achieving the goal of wound bleeding control. Haemostatic sponges are found in a variety of shapes and sizes. The aim of this review is to facilitate an overview of recent research around haemostatic sponge materials, products, and technology. This paper reviews the synthesis, properties, and characteristics of haemostatic sponges, together with the haemostasis mechanisms of haemostatic sponges (composite materials), such as chitosan, cellulose, gelatin, starch, graphene oxide, hyaluronic acid, alginate, polyethylene glycol, silk fibroin, synthetic polymers silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles. Also, this paper reviews commercial sponges and their properties. In addition to this, we discuss various in-vitro/in-vivo approaches for the evaluation of the effect of sponges on haemostasis .展开更多
Inertial microfluidics uses the intrinsic fluid inertia in confined channels to manipulate the particles and cells in a simple,high-throughput,and precise manner.Inertial focusing in a straight channel results in seve...Inertial microfluidics uses the intrinsic fluid inertia in confined channels to manipulate the particles and cells in a simple,high-throughput,and precise manner.Inertial focusing in a straight channel results in several equilibrium positions within the cross sections.Introducing channel curvature and adjusting the cross-sectional aspect ratio and shape can modify inertial focusing positions and can reduce the number of equilibrium positions.In this work,we introduce an innovative way to adjust the inertial focusing and reduce equilibrium positions by embedding asymmetrical obstacle microstructures.We demonstrated that asymmetrical concave obstacles could break the symmetry of original inertial focusing positions,resulting in unilateral focusing.In addition,we characterized the influence of obstacle size and 3 asymmetrical obstacle patterns on unilateral inertial focusing.Finally,we applied differential unilateral focusing on the separation of 10-and 15-μm particles and isolation of brain cancer cells(U87MG)from white blood cells(WBCs),respectively.The results indicated an excellent cancer cell recovery of 96.4%and WBC rejection ratio of 98.81%.After single processing,the purity of the cancer cells was dramatically enhanced from 1.01%to 90.13%,with an 89.24-fold enrichment.We believe that embedding asymmetric concave microobstacles is a new strategy to achieve unilateral inertial focusing and separation in curved channels.展开更多
基金supported by Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(HTT:APP1037310,APP1182347,APP2002827).
文摘In traumatized patients, the primary cause of mortality is uncontrollable continuous bleeding and unexpected intraoperative bleeding which is likely to increase the risk of complications and surgical failure. High expansion sponges are effective clinical practice for the treatment of wound bleeding (irregular/deep/narrow) that are caused by capillaries, veins and even arterioles as they possess a high liquid absorption ratio so can absorb blood platelets easily in comparison with traditional haemostasis treatments, which involve compression, ligation, or electrical coagulation etc. When in contact with blood, haemostatic sponges can cause platelet adhesion, aggregation, and thrombosis, preventing blood from flowing out from wounds, triggering the release of coagulation factors, causing the blood to form a stable polymerized fibre protein, forming blood clots, and achieving the goal of wound bleeding control. Haemostatic sponges are found in a variety of shapes and sizes. The aim of this review is to facilitate an overview of recent research around haemostatic sponge materials, products, and technology. This paper reviews the synthesis, properties, and characteristics of haemostatic sponges, together with the haemostasis mechanisms of haemostatic sponges (composite materials), such as chitosan, cellulose, gelatin, starch, graphene oxide, hyaluronic acid, alginate, polyethylene glycol, silk fibroin, synthetic polymers silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles. Also, this paper reviews commercial sponges and their properties. In addition to this, we discuss various in-vitro/in-vivo approaches for the evaluation of the effect of sponges on haemostasis .
基金support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project(grant no.DP180100055)ARC DECRA fellowship(grant no.DE210100692)performed at the Queensland Node-Griffith of the Australian National Fabrication Facility,a company established under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy to provide nano-and microfabrication facilities for Australian researchers.
文摘Inertial microfluidics uses the intrinsic fluid inertia in confined channels to manipulate the particles and cells in a simple,high-throughput,and precise manner.Inertial focusing in a straight channel results in several equilibrium positions within the cross sections.Introducing channel curvature and adjusting the cross-sectional aspect ratio and shape can modify inertial focusing positions and can reduce the number of equilibrium positions.In this work,we introduce an innovative way to adjust the inertial focusing and reduce equilibrium positions by embedding asymmetrical obstacle microstructures.We demonstrated that asymmetrical concave obstacles could break the symmetry of original inertial focusing positions,resulting in unilateral focusing.In addition,we characterized the influence of obstacle size and 3 asymmetrical obstacle patterns on unilateral inertial focusing.Finally,we applied differential unilateral focusing on the separation of 10-and 15-μm particles and isolation of brain cancer cells(U87MG)from white blood cells(WBCs),respectively.The results indicated an excellent cancer cell recovery of 96.4%and WBC rejection ratio of 98.81%.After single processing,the purity of the cancer cells was dramatically enhanced from 1.01%to 90.13%,with an 89.24-fold enrichment.We believe that embedding asymmetric concave microobstacles is a new strategy to achieve unilateral inertial focusing and separation in curved channels.
