Microbial electrosynthesis(MES) can potentially provide a mean for storing renewable energy surpluses as chemical energy. However, the fluctuating nature of these energy sources may represent a threat to MES, as the m...Microbial electrosynthesis(MES) can potentially provide a mean for storing renewable energy surpluses as chemical energy. However, the fluctuating nature of these energy sources may represent a threat to MES, as the microbial communities that develop on the biocathode rely on the continuous existence of a polarized electrode. This work assesses how MES performance, product generation and microbial community evolution are affected by a long-period(6 weeks) power off(open circuit). Acetogenic and H2-producing bacteria activity recovered after reconnection. However, few days later syntrophic acetate oxidation bacteria and H2-consuming methanogens became dominant, producing CH4 as the main product, via electromethanogenesis and the syntrophic interaction between eubacterial and archaeal communities which consume both the acetic acid and the hydrogen present in the cathode environment. Thus,the system proved to be resilient to a long-term power interruption in terms of electroactivity. At the same time, these results demonstrated that the system could be extensively affected in both end product generation and microbial communities.展开更多
The rapid pace of innovation in the life sciences raises new questions about the safety and security of emerging technologies and processes.Therefore,it is important to investigate what is taught about safety and how ...The rapid pace of innovation in the life sciences raises new questions about the safety and security of emerging technologies and processes.Therefore,it is important to investigate what is taught about safety and how it is taught during the early stages of scientific training in higher education.In this study,we conducted a gap analysis based on an inventory of learning content covering different dimensions and elements of safety,including understanding and reasoning related to the Safe-by-Design concept.Each topic was evaluated using two three-level scales:one describing how frequently it appeared in the curriculum and another reflecting the depth of learning,from cognitive knowledge to skill and attitude development.Using Wageningen University as a case study,we conducted a series of qualitative interviews with programme directors and lecturers from various life science divisions.Our results show that the technical aspects of safety received the most attention,particularly when teaching about the development phase of innovations.At the same time,skills related to anticipating and managing risks and other responsibility-related elements needed to be strengthened in the curricula.Notably,the frequency with which a safety element is taught was always higher than the extent to which the corresponding skills were developed.This highlights the need to equip students with the skills needed to improve their own judgment of safety in their future careers.展开更多
Cronobacter spp.(formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) are special foodborne pathogens. Cronobacter infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in all age groups, especially neonates and infants, w...Cronobacter spp.(formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) are special foodborne pathogens. Cronobacter infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in all age groups, especially neonates and infants, with a high fatality of up to 80%, although the infection is rare. Outbreaks of Cronobacter infection are epidemiologically proven to be associated with contaminated powdered infant formula(PIF). Cronobacter spp.can resist dry environments and survive for a long period in food with low water activity. Therefore, Cronobacter spp.have become serious pathogens of neonates and infants, as well as in the dairy industry. In this review, we present the taxonomy, pathogenesis, resistance, detection and control of Cronobacter spp.展开更多
基金the Spanish“Ministerio de Educación,Cultura y Deporte”for the predoctoral FPU Grant(FPU14/01573)the‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’for the support of project ref:CTQ2015-68925-R(MINECO/FEDER,EU)。
文摘Microbial electrosynthesis(MES) can potentially provide a mean for storing renewable energy surpluses as chemical energy. However, the fluctuating nature of these energy sources may represent a threat to MES, as the microbial communities that develop on the biocathode rely on the continuous existence of a polarized electrode. This work assesses how MES performance, product generation and microbial community evolution are affected by a long-period(6 weeks) power off(open circuit). Acetogenic and H2-producing bacteria activity recovered after reconnection. However, few days later syntrophic acetate oxidation bacteria and H2-consuming methanogens became dominant, producing CH4 as the main product, via electromethanogenesis and the syntrophic interaction between eubacterial and archaeal communities which consume both the acetic acid and the hydrogen present in the cathode environment. Thus,the system proved to be resilient to a long-term power interruption in terms of electroactivity. At the same time, these results demonstrated that the system could be extensively affected in both end product generation and microbial communities.
文摘The rapid pace of innovation in the life sciences raises new questions about the safety and security of emerging technologies and processes.Therefore,it is important to investigate what is taught about safety and how it is taught during the early stages of scientific training in higher education.In this study,we conducted a gap analysis based on an inventory of learning content covering different dimensions and elements of safety,including understanding and reasoning related to the Safe-by-Design concept.Each topic was evaluated using two three-level scales:one describing how frequently it appeared in the curriculum and another reflecting the depth of learning,from cognitive knowledge to skill and attitude development.Using Wageningen University as a case study,we conducted a series of qualitative interviews with programme directors and lecturers from various life science divisions.Our results show that the technical aspects of safety received the most attention,particularly when teaching about the development phase of innovations.At the same time,skills related to anticipating and managing risks and other responsibility-related elements needed to be strengthened in the curricula.Notably,the frequency with which a safety element is taught was always higher than the extent to which the corresponding skills were developed.This highlights the need to equip students with the skills needed to improve their own judgment of safety in their future careers.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M611478)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Cronobacter spp.(formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) are special foodborne pathogens. Cronobacter infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis and meningitis in all age groups, especially neonates and infants, with a high fatality of up to 80%, although the infection is rare. Outbreaks of Cronobacter infection are epidemiologically proven to be associated with contaminated powdered infant formula(PIF). Cronobacter spp.can resist dry environments and survive for a long period in food with low water activity. Therefore, Cronobacter spp.have become serious pathogens of neonates and infants, as well as in the dairy industry. In this review, we present the taxonomy, pathogenesis, resistance, detection and control of Cronobacter spp.
