Existing therapies for the treatment of chronic heart failure still have some limitations and there is a pressing need for the development of new therapeutic modalities. The amniotic membrane has been used for the tre...Existing therapies for the treatment of chronic heart failure still have some limitations and there is a pressing need for the development of new therapeutic modalities. The amniotic membrane has been used for the treatment of various diseases, such as conjunctive defects;however, the mechanisms behind its repair functions are still unclear. Regenerative medicine is seeking newer alternatives and among them, biomaterials have emerged in recent years for developing and manipulating molecules, cells, tissues or organs grown in laboratories in order to replace human body parts. Many such materials have been used for this purpose, either synthetically or biologically, in order to provide new medical devices. This review provides a wider view of the regeneration potential of the use of amniotic membrane as a potential biomaterial to facilitate the implementation of new research in surgical procedures. Amniotic membrane appears to be an alternative source of stem cells as well as an excellent biomaterial for cell-based therapeutic applications in engineering heart tissue.展开更多
Bioreactors are central equipment used in the majority of bioprocesses.Different models of bioreactors have been devel-oped for different processes,which can be applied either for submerged or for solid-state fermenta...Bioreactors are central equipment used in the majority of bioprocesses.Different models of bioreactors have been devel-oped for different processes,which can be applied either for submerged or for solid-state fermentation.Scale-up involves the development of bioprocess in bench,pilot,and industrial scales.Optimal conditions are first screened and determined in the bench scale and so that the process can be transferred to a larger scale.This transferring requires the proper reproduc-tion of conditions and performance,being a major challenge since important aspects,such as aeration and agitation,are critical for cells development.In this case,scale-up strategies are employed to maintain bioprocesses’performance.These strategies are based on geometric similarity aspects of bioreactors,agitation,and aeration conditions,which must follow the requirements of each bioprocess and the used microorganisms.Operational conditions significantly impact cell growth and,consequently,the biosynthesis of different biomolecules,which must then be reproduced at higher scales.For this purpose,one or more operating factors can be maintained constant during scale-up with the possibility to predict,for example,the power consumption of large-scale bioreactors or aeration conditions in an aerobic culture.This review presents the most employed bioreactors’scale-up strategies.In addition,the scale-up of other bioreactors models,such as pneumatic and solid-state fermentation bioreactor and even photobioreactors,will also be described with some examples.展开更多
Hydrolysis at changing hydraulic retention time,recirculation,bedding straw content in the feed,bioaugmentation and the impact of those changes on gradient formation in the liquid phase in plug-flow reactors(PFRs)was ...Hydrolysis at changing hydraulic retention time,recirculation,bedding straw content in the feed,bioaugmentation and the impact of those changes on gradient formation in the liquid phase in plug-flow reactors(PFRs)was examined.The pH-value,conductivity and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)were monitored at three spots along the PFRs to study potential correlations to process performance during a total process time of 123 weeks.The on-line monitoring showed good correlations to acidogenesis:namely,the pH and ORP to the acidification,to butyric(and lactic)acid concentration and to the acid yield.The ORP(measured at the inlet)showed the most stable correlation to acidogenesis under dynamic operation,while the conductivity(at the outlet)correlated to the acid concentration in dependence on the feedstock.Multiple measurement spots as used in this study allow to gain more information about acidogenic fermentation than a single spot,simplifying process control and automation attempts with recalcitrant feedstock.展开更多
Fungal endophytes,as an untapped resource of glycoside hydrolase biocatalysts,need to be further developed.Mogroside V,the primary active compound in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit,can be converted into other various bioa...Fungal endophytes,as an untapped resource of glycoside hydrolase biocatalysts,need to be further developed.Mogroside V,the primary active compound in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit,can be converted into other various bioactive mogrosides by selective hydrolysis of glucose residues at C3 and C24 positions.In present study,20 fungal strains were randomly selected from our endophytic fungal strain library to assess their capability for mogroside V transformation.The results revealed that relatively high rate(30%)endophytic fungal strains exhibited transformative potential.Further analysis indicated that endophytic fungi could produce abundant mogrosides,and the pathways for biotransforming mogroside V showed diverse.Among the given fungal endophytes,Aspergillus sp.S125 almost completely converted mogroside V into the end-products mogroside II A and aglycone within just 2 days of fermentation;Muyocopron sp.A5 produced rich intermediate products,including siamenoside I,and the end-product mogroside II E.Subsequently,we optimized the fermentation conditions for Aspergillus sp.S125 and Muyocopron sp.A5 to evaluate the feasibility of large-scale mogroside V conversion.After optimization,Aspergillus sp.S125 converted 10 g/L of mogroside V into 4.5 g/L of mogroside II A and 3.6 g/L of aglycone after 3 days of fermentation,whereas Muyocopron sp.A5 selectively produced 4.88 g/L of siamenoside I from 7.5 g/L of mogroside V after 36 h of fermentation.This study not only identifies highly effective biocatalytic candidates for mogrosides transformation,but also strongly suggests the potential of plant endophytic fungi as valuable resources for the biocatalysis of natural compounds.展开更多
Escherichia coli MLB(MG1655ΔpflBΔldhA),which can hardly grow on glucose with little succinate accumulation under anaerobic conditions.Two-stage fermentation is a fermentation in which the first stage is used for cel...Escherichia coli MLB(MG1655ΔpflBΔldhA),which can hardly grow on glucose with little succinate accumulation under anaerobic conditions.Two-stage fermentation is a fermentation in which the first stage is used for cell growth and the second stage is used for product production.The ability of glucose consumption and succinate production of MLB under anaerobic conditions can be improved significantly by using acetate as the solo carbon source under aerobic condition during the two-stage fermentation.Then,the adaptive laboratory evolution(ALE)of growing on acetate was applied here.We assumed that the activities of succinate production related enzymes might be further improved in this study.E.coli MLB46-05 evolved from MLB and it had an improved growth phenotype on acetate.Interestingly,in MLB46-05,the yield and tolerance of succinic acid in the anaerobic condition of two-stage fermentation were improved significantly.According to transcriptome analysis,upregulation of the glyoxylate cycle and the activity of stress regulatory factors are the possible reasons for the elevated yield.And the increased tolerance to acetate made it more tolerant to high concentrations of glucose and succinate.Finally,strain MLB46-05 produced 111 g/L of succinic acid with a product yield of 0.74 g/g glucose.展开更多
在基于核磁共振(NMR)的代谢组学数据分析中,尺度缩放是关键的预处理步骤之一,其主要目的是通过调整数据的方差结构,改善后续的多变量统计分析的结果。从信息熵的角度出发,利用KullbackLeibler(K-L)散度来度量不同实验分组的生物样品的1 ...在基于核磁共振(NMR)的代谢组学数据分析中,尺度缩放是关键的预处理步骤之一,其主要目的是通过调整数据的方差结构,改善后续的多变量统计分析的结果。从信息熵的角度出发,利用KullbackLeibler(K-L)散度来度量不同实验分组的生物样品的1 H NMR波谱数据的差异程度,并结合单位方差缩放法,提出一种基于K-L散度的尺度缩放方法。该方法先利用单位方差法将数据各变量的标准差调整到同一水平上,再利用K-L散度对各变量进行有监督地加权,增强重要变量、减弱无关变量。由于K-L散度是在概率分布的意义上度量数据间的差异程度,且对于高斯和非高斯分布的数据均适用,因此能更准确地度量不同实验分组样品的1 H NMR波谱数据的差异性,从而更有效地地对谱数据的重要变量进行识别和加权。人群尿液1 H NMR波谱数据的分析结果表明,基于K-L散度的尺度缩放方法能有效抑制噪声变量,同时很好地区分特征变量和非特征变量;提高主成分回归(PCR)模型的判别能力;改善偏最小二乘回归判别分析(PLS-DA)模型的解释能力、预测能力以及对特征代谢物的辨识能力。展开更多
Methylprednisolone is a commonly used drug for the treatment of spinal cord injury, but high doses of methylprednisolone can increase the incidence of infectious diseases. Methotrexate has anti-inflammatory activity a...Methylprednisolone is a commonly used drug for the treatment of spinal cord injury, but high doses of methylprednisolone can increase the incidence of infectious diseases. Methotrexate has anti-inflammatory activity and immunosuppressive effects, and can reduce in- flammation after spinal cord injury. To analyze gene expression changes and the molecular mechanism of methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone in the treatment of spinal cord injury, a rat model of spinal cord contusion was prepared using the PinPointTM preci- sion cortical impactor technique. Rats were injected with methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg 30 minutes after injury, and then subcutaneously injected with 0.3 mg/kg methotrexate 1 day after injury, once a day, for 2 weeks. TreadScan gait analysis found that at 4 and 8 weeks after injury, methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone significantly improved hind limb swing time, stride time, minimum longitudinal deviation, instant speed, footprint area and regularity index. Solexa high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze differential gene ex- pression. Compared with methylprednisolone alone, differential expression of 316 genes was detected in injured spinal cord treated with methotrexate and methylprednisolone. The 275 up-regulated genes were mainly related to nerve recovery, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions, while 41 down-regulated genes were mainly related to proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic functions. These results indicate that methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone exhibited better effects on inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cytokines and enhancing antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects and thereby produced stronger neuroprotective effects than methotrexate alone. The 316 differentially expressed genes play an important role in the above processes.展开更多
Particles occur in almost all processes in chemical and life sciences. The particle size and shape influence the process performance and product quality, and in turn they are influenced by the flow behavior of the par...Particles occur in almost all processes in chemical and life sciences. The particle size and shape influence the process performance and product quality, and in turn they are influenced by the flow behavior of the particles during production. Monitoring and controlling such characteristics in multiphase systems to obtain sufficient qualities will greatly facilitate the achievement of reproducible and defined distributions. So far, obtaining this information inline has been challenging, because existing instruments lack measurement precision, being unable to process overlapping signals from different particle phases in highly concentrated multiphase systems. However, recent advances in photo-optics made it possible to monitor such features(particle size distribution(PSD), aspect ratio and particle concentration) with advanced image analysis(IA) in real-time. New analysis workflows as well as single feature extractions from the images using multiple image analysis algorithms allowed the precise real-time measurements of size, shape and concentration of particle collectives even separated from each other in three phase systems. The performances, advantages and drawbacks with other non-photo-optical methods for assessing the particle size distribution are compared and discussed.展开更多
With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driv...With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driven by the deeper understanding of structure/function relationships.In monoclonal antibodies,many functions are regulated by N-glycans present in the constant region of the heavy chains and their mechanisms of action are not completely known.The importance of their function focuses analytical research efforts on the development of robust,accurate and fast methods to support drug development and quality control.Released N-glycan analysis is considered as the gold standard for glycosylation characterisation;however,it is not the only method for quantitative analysis of glycoform heterogeneity.In this study,ten different analytical workflows for N-glycan analysis were compared using four monoclonal antibodies.While observing good comparability between the quantitative results generated,it was possible to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and to summarise all the observations to guide the choice of the most appropriate analytical workflow according to application and the desired depth of data generated.展开更多
Ferrite/carbon composited materials,especially the bio-derived composited materials possessing both environmental friendliness and outstanding microwave absorption performance,attract numerous attentions for solving t...Ferrite/carbon composited materials,especially the bio-derived composited materials possessing both environmental friendliness and outstanding microwave absorption performance,attract numerous attentions for solving the"electromagnetic problem"in the Gigahertz frequency range.In this work,we demonstrate a bio-derived ferrite/carbon material by compositing functional carbonized cotton fibers(CCFs)and Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles with optimized microwave-absorption properties.By adjusting the carbonization conditions systematically,the Fe_(3)O_(4)loading contents and the microwave absorption properties can be varied simultaneously-and,indeed,optimized and tuned.The CCFs-Fe_(3)O_(4)composites exhibited a minimum reflection-loss capacity RL(d B)of-56.8 d B at 10.9 GHz with a thickness of 1.67 mm,and its effective absorption bandwidth(RL(d B)<-20 d B)was found to broaden to 7.1 GHz.Electromagnetic characterizations,coupled with microstructure analyses,revealed that the enhancement in microwave absorption was triggered by the different microstructures of CCFs-Fe_(3)O_(4)composites-attributable to the different carbonization processes.These different conditions result in different amounts of Fe_(3)O_(4)attachment sites and lead to the enhancement of dielectric polarization at localized microstructures.The present work of bio-derived ferrite/carbon materials has important implications in understanding structure-performance relationships in dielectric-magnetic materials,and,meanwhile,could well be extended to a microwave-absorber design approach.展开更多
Nanopolystyrene was used as a solid support for the covalent immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B(Cal B) using the photoreactive reagent 1‐fluoro‐2‐nitro‐4‐azido benzene(FNAB) as a cou‐pling reagent. Th...Nanopolystyrene was used as a solid support for the covalent immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B(Cal B) using the photoreactive reagent 1‐fluoro‐2‐nitro‐4‐azido benzene(FNAB) as a cou‐pling reagent. The obtained derivative was then used as a biocatalyst in a microwave assisted ester‐ification experiment. Factors such as contact time, pH, and enzyme concentration were investigated during immobilization. The hydrolytic activity, thermal, and operational stability of immobi‐lized‐Cal B were determined. The maximum immobilized yield(218 μg/mg support) obtained at pH 6.8 exhibited optimum hydrolytic activity(4.42 × 103 mU p‐nitrophenol/min). The thermal stability of Cal B improved significantly when it was immobilized at pH 10, however, the immobilized yield was very low(93.6 μg/mg support). The immobilized‐Cal B prepared at pH 6.8 and pH 10 retained 50% of its initial activity after incubation periods of 14 and 16 h, respectively, at 60 °C. The opera‐tional stability was investigated for the microwave assisted esterification of oleic acid with metha‐nol. Immobilized‐Cal B retained 50% of its initial activity after 15 batch cycles in the micro‐wave‐assisted esterification. The esterification time was notably reduced under microwave irradia‐tion. The combined use of a biocatalyst and microwave heating is thus an alternative total green synthesis process.展开更多
As the roles of glycans in health and disease continue to be unraveled,it is becoming apparent that glycans’immense complexity cannot be ignored.To fully delineate glycan structures,we developed an integrative approa...As the roles of glycans in health and disease continue to be unraveled,it is becoming apparent that glycans’immense complexity cannot be ignored.To fully delineate glycan structures,we developed an integrative approach combining a set of cost-effective,widespread,and easy-to-handle analytical methods.The key feature of our workflow is the exploitation of a removable fluorescent label—exemplified by 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate(Fmoc)—to bridge the gap between diverse glycoanalytical methods,especially multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection(xCGELIF)and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOFMS).Through the detailed structural analysis of selected,dauntingly complex N-glycans from chicken ovalbumin,horse serum,and bovine transferrin,we illustrate the capabilities of the presented strategy.Moreover,this approach“visualizes”N-glycans that have been difficult to identify thus far—such as the sulfated glycans on human immunoglobulin A—including minute changes in glycan structures,potentially providing useful new targets for biomarker discovery.展开更多
Ensuring the removal of host cell proteins(HCPs) during downstream processing of recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies(m Abs) remains a challenge.Since residual HCPs might affect product stability or safe...Ensuring the removal of host cell proteins(HCPs) during downstream processing of recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies(m Abs) remains a challenge.Since residual HCPs might affect product stability or safety,constant monitoring is required to demonstrate their removal to be below the regulatory accepted level of 100 ng/mg.The current standard analytical approach for this procedure is based on ELISA;however,this approach only measures the overall HCP content.Therefore,the use of orthogonal methods,such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),has been established,as it facilitates the quantitation of total HCPs as well as the identification and quantitation of the individual HCPs present.In the present study,a workflow for HCP detection and quantitation using an automated magnetic bead-based sample preparation,in combination with a data-independent acquisition(DIA) LC-MS analysis,was established.Employing the same instrumental setup commonly used for peptide mapping analysis of m Abs allows for its quick and easy implementation into pre-existing workflows,avoiding the need for dedicated instrumentation or personnel.Thereby,quantitation of HCPs over a broad dynamic range was enabled to allow monitoring of problematic HCPs or to track changes upon altered bioprocessing conditions.展开更多
Microbial electrosynthesis(MES) can potentially provide a mean for storing renewable energy surpluses as chemical energy. However, the fluctuating nature of these energy sources may represent a threat to MES, as the m...Microbial electrosynthesis(MES) can potentially provide a mean for storing renewable energy surpluses as chemical energy. However, the fluctuating nature of these energy sources may represent a threat to MES, as the microbial communities that develop on the biocathode rely on the continuous existence of a polarized electrode. This work assesses how MES performance, product generation and microbial community evolution are affected by a long-period(6 weeks) power off(open circuit). Acetogenic and H2-producing bacteria activity recovered after reconnection. However, few days later syntrophic acetate oxidation bacteria and H2-consuming methanogens became dominant, producing CH4 as the main product, via electromethanogenesis and the syntrophic interaction between eubacterial and archaeal communities which consume both the acetic acid and the hydrogen present in the cathode environment. Thus,the system proved to be resilient to a long-term power interruption in terms of electroactivity. At the same time, these results demonstrated that the system could be extensively affected in both end product generation and microbial communities.展开更多
This review offers an overview of the latest developments in metal-covalent organic framework(MCOF)and covalent metal-organic framework(CMOF)materials,whose construction entails a combination of reversible coordinatio...This review offers an overview of the latest developments in metal-covalent organic framework(MCOF)and covalent metal-organic framework(CMOF)materials,whose construction entails a combination of reversible coordination and covalent bonding adapted from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),respectively.With an emphasis on the MCOF and CMOF structures,this review surveys their building blocks and topologies.Specifically,the frameworks are classified based on the dimensions of their components(building blocks),namely,discrete building blocks and one-dimensional infinite building blocks.For the first category,the materials are further divided into collections of two-and three-dimensional networks based on their topologies.For the second category,the recently emerging MCOFs with woven structures are covered.Finally,the state-of-the-art in MCOF and CMOF chemistry has been laid out for promising avenues in future developments.展开更多
Steam cracking is the dominant technology for producing light olefins,which are believed to be the foundation of the chemical industry.Predictive models of the cracking process can boost production efficiency and prof...Steam cracking is the dominant technology for producing light olefins,which are believed to be the foundation of the chemical industry.Predictive models of the cracking process can boost production efficiency and profit margin.Rapid advancements in machine learning research have recently enabled data-driven solutions to usher in a new era of process modeling.Meanwhile,its practical application to steam cracking is still hindered by the trade-off between prediction accuracy and computational speed.This research presents a framework for data-driven intelligent modeling of the steam cracking process.Industrial data preparation and feature engineering techniques provide computational-ready datasets for the framework,and feedstock similarities are exploited using k-means clustering.We propose LArge-Residuals-Deletion Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline(LARD-MARS),a modeling approach that explicitly generates output formulas and eliminates potentially outlying instances.The framework is validated further by the presentation of clustering results,the explanation of variable importance,and the testing and comparison of model performance.展开更多
Microbial fuel cells （MFCs） rely on microbial conversion of organic substrates to electricity. The optimal perfor- mance depends on the establishment of a microbial community rich in electrogenic bacteria. Usually t...Microbial fuel cells （MFCs） rely on microbial conversion of organic substrates to electricity. The optimal perfor- mance depends on the establishment of a microbial community rich in electrogenic bacteria. Usually this micro- bial community is established from inoculation of the MFC anode chamber with naturally occurring mixed inocula. In this study, the electrochemical performance of MFCs and microbial community evolution were eval- uated for three inocula including domestic wastewater （DW）, lake sediment （LS） and biogas sludge （BS） with varying substrate loading （Lsub） and external resistance （Rext） on the MFC. The electrogenic bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens was identified in all inocula and its abundance during MFC operation was positively linked to the MFC performance. The IS inoculated MFCs showed highest abundance （18% ± 1%） of G. sulfurreducens, maximum current density [Imax = （690 ± 30） mA.m 2] and coulombic efficiency （CE = 29% ±1%） with acetate as the substrate./max and CE increased to （1780 ± 30） mA.m-2 and 58%± 1%, respectively, after decreasing the Rext from 1000 Ωto 200 Ω, which also correlated to a higher abundance ofG. sulfurreducens （21% ±0.7%） on the MFC anodic biofilm. The data obtained contribute to understanding the microbial community response to Lsub and Roy, for of timizing electricity eneration in MFCs.展开更多
Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries across many geographical locales and have traditionally been considered healthy foods, partly because of the live microbes contained in them. The concept of ȁ...Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries across many geographical locales and have traditionally been considered healthy foods, partly because of the live microbes contained in them. The concept of “probiotics” further requires that the microbes be defined and their health effects be demonstrated through human intervention studies or other suitable investigations before marketing with corresponding health messages. Here, we review recommendations for fermented foods and probiotics in several countries outside the EU, focusing on food-based dietary guidelines. We emphasize recommendations on yoghurt and probiotics made by expert bodies. We found that dietary guidelines commonly advocate the consumption of yoghurt or similar products, but specific comments on probiotics are rare. Further, we reviewed guidelines from clinical associations. In general, they acknowledge the beneficial effects of probiotics, but often suggest the need for further research. This is true despite good quality evidence supporting the role of probiotics for certain health effects, such as prevention of eczema in infants, management of side effects from antibiotics and alleviation of functional bowel symptoms. Additional research to support future dietary recommendations should focus on determining effect size, identifying responders and non-responders, clarifying strain-specificity of effects and confirming mechanisms.展开更多
文摘Existing therapies for the treatment of chronic heart failure still have some limitations and there is a pressing need for the development of new therapeutic modalities. The amniotic membrane has been used for the treatment of various diseases, such as conjunctive defects;however, the mechanisms behind its repair functions are still unclear. Regenerative medicine is seeking newer alternatives and among them, biomaterials have emerged in recent years for developing and manipulating molecules, cells, tissues or organs grown in laboratories in order to replace human body parts. Many such materials have been used for this purpose, either synthetically or biologically, in order to provide new medical devices. This review provides a wider view of the regeneration potential of the use of amniotic membrane as a potential biomaterial to facilitate the implementation of new research in surgical procedures. Amniotic membrane appears to be an alternative source of stem cells as well as an excellent biomaterial for cell-based therapeutic applications in engineering heart tissue.
基金Funding Projects funding and research scholarship are provided by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq).
文摘Bioreactors are central equipment used in the majority of bioprocesses.Different models of bioreactors have been devel-oped for different processes,which can be applied either for submerged or for solid-state fermentation.Scale-up involves the development of bioprocess in bench,pilot,and industrial scales.Optimal conditions are first screened and determined in the bench scale and so that the process can be transferred to a larger scale.This transferring requires the proper reproduc-tion of conditions and performance,being a major challenge since important aspects,such as aeration and agitation,are critical for cells development.In this case,scale-up strategies are employed to maintain bioprocesses’performance.These strategies are based on geometric similarity aspects of bioreactors,agitation,and aeration conditions,which must follow the requirements of each bioprocess and the used microorganisms.Operational conditions significantly impact cell growth and,consequently,the biosynthesis of different biomolecules,which must then be reproduced at higher scales.For this purpose,one or more operating factors can be maintained constant during scale-up with the possibility to predict,for example,the power consumption of large-scale bioreactors or aeration conditions in an aerobic culture.This review presents the most employed bioreactors’scale-up strategies.In addition,the scale-up of other bioreactors models,such as pneumatic and solid-state fermentation bioreactor and even photobioreactors,will also be described with some examples.
基金financially supported by the Fachagentur für Nachhaltige Rohstoffe e.V.(FNR),grant number 22039818.
文摘Hydrolysis at changing hydraulic retention time,recirculation,bedding straw content in the feed,bioaugmentation and the impact of those changes on gradient formation in the liquid phase in plug-flow reactors(PFRs)was examined.The pH-value,conductivity and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)were monitored at three spots along the PFRs to study potential correlations to process performance during a total process time of 123 weeks.The on-line monitoring showed good correlations to acidogenesis:namely,the pH and ORP to the acidification,to butyric(and lactic)acid concentration and to the acid yield.The ORP(measured at the inlet)showed the most stable correlation to acidogenesis under dynamic operation,while the conductivity(at the outlet)correlated to the acid concentration in dependence on the feedstock.Multiple measurement spots as used in this study allow to gain more information about acidogenic fermentation than a single spot,simplifying process control and automation attempts with recalcitrant feedstock.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2101303)by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(20212BAB215006,20224BAB215023,20232BAB205008)by the Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Committee(GJJ2201346,GJJ2201319).
文摘Fungal endophytes,as an untapped resource of glycoside hydrolase biocatalysts,need to be further developed.Mogroside V,the primary active compound in Siraitia grosvenorii fruit,can be converted into other various bioactive mogrosides by selective hydrolysis of glucose residues at C3 and C24 positions.In present study,20 fungal strains were randomly selected from our endophytic fungal strain library to assess their capability for mogroside V transformation.The results revealed that relatively high rate(30%)endophytic fungal strains exhibited transformative potential.Further analysis indicated that endophytic fungi could produce abundant mogrosides,and the pathways for biotransforming mogroside V showed diverse.Among the given fungal endophytes,Aspergillus sp.S125 almost completely converted mogroside V into the end-products mogroside II A and aglycone within just 2 days of fermentation;Muyocopron sp.A5 produced rich intermediate products,including siamenoside I,and the end-product mogroside II E.Subsequently,we optimized the fermentation conditions for Aspergillus sp.S125 and Muyocopron sp.A5 to evaluate the feasibility of large-scale mogroside V conversion.After optimization,Aspergillus sp.S125 converted 10 g/L of mogroside V into 4.5 g/L of mogroside II A and 3.6 g/L of aglycone after 3 days of fermentation,whereas Muyocopron sp.A5 selectively produced 4.88 g/L of siamenoside I from 7.5 g/L of mogroside V after 36 h of fermentation.This study not only identifies highly effective biocatalytic candidates for mogrosides transformation,but also strongly suggests the potential of plant endophytic fungi as valuable resources for the biocatalysis of natural compounds.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2101300)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21DZ1209100)Partially supported by Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering.
文摘Escherichia coli MLB(MG1655ΔpflBΔldhA),which can hardly grow on glucose with little succinate accumulation under anaerobic conditions.Two-stage fermentation is a fermentation in which the first stage is used for cell growth and the second stage is used for product production.The ability of glucose consumption and succinate production of MLB under anaerobic conditions can be improved significantly by using acetate as the solo carbon source under aerobic condition during the two-stage fermentation.Then,the adaptive laboratory evolution(ALE)of growing on acetate was applied here.We assumed that the activities of succinate production related enzymes might be further improved in this study.E.coli MLB46-05 evolved from MLB and it had an improved growth phenotype on acetate.Interestingly,in MLB46-05,the yield and tolerance of succinic acid in the anaerobic condition of two-stage fermentation were improved significantly.According to transcriptome analysis,upregulation of the glyoxylate cycle and the activity of stress regulatory factors are the possible reasons for the elevated yield.And the increased tolerance to acetate made it more tolerant to high concentrations of glucose and succinate.Finally,strain MLB46-05 produced 111 g/L of succinic acid with a product yield of 0.74 g/g glucose.
文摘在基于核磁共振(NMR)的代谢组学数据分析中,尺度缩放是关键的预处理步骤之一,其主要目的是通过调整数据的方差结构,改善后续的多变量统计分析的结果。从信息熵的角度出发,利用KullbackLeibler(K-L)散度来度量不同实验分组的生物样品的1 H NMR波谱数据的差异程度,并结合单位方差缩放法,提出一种基于K-L散度的尺度缩放方法。该方法先利用单位方差法将数据各变量的标准差调整到同一水平上,再利用K-L散度对各变量进行有监督地加权,增强重要变量、减弱无关变量。由于K-L散度是在概率分布的意义上度量数据间的差异程度,且对于高斯和非高斯分布的数据均适用,因此能更准确地度量不同实验分组样品的1 H NMR波谱数据的差异性,从而更有效地地对谱数据的重要变量进行识别和加权。人群尿液1 H NMR波谱数据的分析结果表明,基于K-L散度的尺度缩放方法能有效抑制噪声变量,同时很好地区分特征变量和非特征变量;提高主成分回归(PCR)模型的判别能力;改善偏最小二乘回归判别分析(PLS-DA)模型的解释能力、预测能力以及对特征代谢物的辨识能力。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30960448the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.20142BAB205023the Ph.D.Start-up Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University in China,No.3000990122
文摘Methylprednisolone is a commonly used drug for the treatment of spinal cord injury, but high doses of methylprednisolone can increase the incidence of infectious diseases. Methotrexate has anti-inflammatory activity and immunosuppressive effects, and can reduce in- flammation after spinal cord injury. To analyze gene expression changes and the molecular mechanism of methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone in the treatment of spinal cord injury, a rat model of spinal cord contusion was prepared using the PinPointTM preci- sion cortical impactor technique. Rats were injected with methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg 30 minutes after injury, and then subcutaneously injected with 0.3 mg/kg methotrexate 1 day after injury, once a day, for 2 weeks. TreadScan gait analysis found that at 4 and 8 weeks after injury, methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone significantly improved hind limb swing time, stride time, minimum longitudinal deviation, instant speed, footprint area and regularity index. Solexa high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze differential gene ex- pression. Compared with methylprednisolone alone, differential expression of 316 genes was detected in injured spinal cord treated with methotrexate and methylprednisolone. The 275 up-regulated genes were mainly related to nerve recovery, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions, while 41 down-regulated genes were mainly related to proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic functions. These results indicate that methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone exhibited better effects on inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cytokines and enhancing antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects and thereby produced stronger neuroprotective effects than methotrexate alone. The 316 differentially expressed genes play an important role in the above processes.
基金financially supported by the grants for the project "Smart Process Inspection" (funding code ZF4184501CR5) from the "Zentrales Innovationsprogramm Mittelstand" (ZIM)
文摘Particles occur in almost all processes in chemical and life sciences. The particle size and shape influence the process performance and product quality, and in turn they are influenced by the flow behavior of the particles during production. Monitoring and controlling such characteristics in multiphase systems to obtain sufficient qualities will greatly facilitate the achievement of reproducible and defined distributions. So far, obtaining this information inline has been challenging, because existing instruments lack measurement precision, being unable to process overlapping signals from different particle phases in highly concentrated multiphase systems. However, recent advances in photo-optics made it possible to monitor such features(particle size distribution(PSD), aspect ratio and particle concentration) with advanced image analysis(IA) in real-time. New analysis workflows as well as single feature extractions from the images using multiple image analysis algorithms allowed the precise real-time measurements of size, shape and concentration of particle collectives even separated from each other in three phase systems. The performances, advantages and drawbacks with other non-photo-optical methods for assessing the particle size distribution are compared and discussed.
文摘With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driven by the deeper understanding of structure/function relationships.In monoclonal antibodies,many functions are regulated by N-glycans present in the constant region of the heavy chains and their mechanisms of action are not completely known.The importance of their function focuses analytical research efforts on the development of robust,accurate and fast methods to support drug development and quality control.Released N-glycan analysis is considered as the gold standard for glycosylation characterisation;however,it is not the only method for quantitative analysis of glycoform heterogeneity.In this study,ten different analytical workflows for N-glycan analysis were compared using four monoclonal antibodies.While observing good comparability between the quantitative results generated,it was possible to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and to summarise all the observations to guide the choice of the most appropriate analytical workflow according to application and the desired depth of data generated.
基金support from the SFI-NSFC bilateral funding scheme(grant number SFI/17/NSFC/5229)。
文摘Ferrite/carbon composited materials,especially the bio-derived composited materials possessing both environmental friendliness and outstanding microwave absorption performance,attract numerous attentions for solving the"electromagnetic problem"in the Gigahertz frequency range.In this work,we demonstrate a bio-derived ferrite/carbon material by compositing functional carbonized cotton fibers(CCFs)and Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles with optimized microwave-absorption properties.By adjusting the carbonization conditions systematically,the Fe_(3)O_(4)loading contents and the microwave absorption properties can be varied simultaneously-and,indeed,optimized and tuned.The CCFs-Fe_(3)O_(4)composites exhibited a minimum reflection-loss capacity RL(d B)of-56.8 d B at 10.9 GHz with a thickness of 1.67 mm,and its effective absorption bandwidth(RL(d B)<-20 d B)was found to broaden to 7.1 GHz.Electromagnetic characterizations,coupled with microstructure analyses,revealed that the enhancement in microwave absorption was triggered by the different microstructures of CCFs-Fe_(3)O_(4)composites-attributable to the different carbonization processes.These different conditions result in different amounts of Fe_(3)O_(4)attachment sites and lead to the enhancement of dielectric polarization at localized microstructures.The present work of bio-derived ferrite/carbon materials has important implications in understanding structure-performance relationships in dielectric-magnetic materials,and,meanwhile,could well be extended to a microwave-absorber design approach.
基金support by the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia, Ministry ofAgricultural (MOA) and University Teknology Malayisa
文摘Nanopolystyrene was used as a solid support for the covalent immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B(Cal B) using the photoreactive reagent 1‐fluoro‐2‐nitro‐4‐azido benzene(FNAB) as a cou‐pling reagent. The obtained derivative was then used as a biocatalyst in a microwave assisted ester‐ification experiment. Factors such as contact time, pH, and enzyme concentration were investigated during immobilization. The hydrolytic activity, thermal, and operational stability of immobi‐lized‐Cal B were determined. The maximum immobilized yield(218 μg/mg support) obtained at pH 6.8 exhibited optimum hydrolytic activity(4.42 × 103 mU p‐nitrophenol/min). The thermal stability of Cal B improved significantly when it was immobilized at pH 10, however, the immobilized yield was very low(93.6 μg/mg support). The immobilized‐Cal B prepared at pH 6.8 and pH 10 retained 50% of its initial activity after incubation periods of 14 and 16 h, respectively, at 60 °C. The opera‐tional stability was investigated for the microwave assisted esterification of oleic acid with metha‐nol. Immobilized‐Cal B retained 50% of its initial activity after 15 batch cycles in the micro‐wave‐assisted esterification. The esterification time was notably reduced under microwave irradia‐tion. The combined use of a biocatalyst and microwave heating is thus an alternative total green synthesis process.
基金support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)under the project“Die Golgi Glykan Fabrik 2.0”(031A557C for Samanta Cajic and Erdmann Rapp)the European Commission(EC)under the project“HighGlycan”(278535 for RenéHennig and Erdmann Rapp)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under the project“The concert of dolicholbased glycosylation:from molecules to disease models”(FOR2509 for Valerian Grote and Erdmann Rapp).
文摘As the roles of glycans in health and disease continue to be unraveled,it is becoming apparent that glycans’immense complexity cannot be ignored.To fully delineate glycan structures,we developed an integrative approach combining a set of cost-effective,widespread,and easy-to-handle analytical methods.The key feature of our workflow is the exploitation of a removable fluorescent label—exemplified by 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate(Fmoc)—to bridge the gap between diverse glycoanalytical methods,especially multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection(xCGELIF)and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOFMS).Through the detailed structural analysis of selected,dauntingly complex N-glycans from chicken ovalbumin,horse serum,and bovine transferrin,we illustrate the capabilities of the presented strategy.Moreover,this approach“visualizes”N-glycans that have been difficult to identify thus far—such as the sulfated glycans on human immunoglobulin A—including minute changes in glycan structures,potentially providing useful new targets for biomarker discovery.
基金funding from Thermo Fisher Scientific as part of a funded collaborative agreement with NIBR。
文摘Ensuring the removal of host cell proteins(HCPs) during downstream processing of recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies(m Abs) remains a challenge.Since residual HCPs might affect product stability or safety,constant monitoring is required to demonstrate their removal to be below the regulatory accepted level of 100 ng/mg.The current standard analytical approach for this procedure is based on ELISA;however,this approach only measures the overall HCP content.Therefore,the use of orthogonal methods,such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS),has been established,as it facilitates the quantitation of total HCPs as well as the identification and quantitation of the individual HCPs present.In the present study,a workflow for HCP detection and quantitation using an automated magnetic bead-based sample preparation,in combination with a data-independent acquisition(DIA) LC-MS analysis,was established.Employing the same instrumental setup commonly used for peptide mapping analysis of m Abs allows for its quick and easy implementation into pre-existing workflows,avoiding the need for dedicated instrumentation or personnel.Thereby,quantitation of HCPs over a broad dynamic range was enabled to allow monitoring of problematic HCPs or to track changes upon altered bioprocessing conditions.
基金the Spanish“Ministerio de Educación,Cultura y Deporte”for the predoctoral FPU Grant(FPU14/01573)the‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’for the support of project ref:CTQ2015-68925-R(MINECO/FEDER,EU)。
文摘Microbial electrosynthesis(MES) can potentially provide a mean for storing renewable energy surpluses as chemical energy. However, the fluctuating nature of these energy sources may represent a threat to MES, as the microbial communities that develop on the biocathode rely on the continuous existence of a polarized electrode. This work assesses how MES performance, product generation and microbial community evolution are affected by a long-period(6 weeks) power off(open circuit). Acetogenic and H2-producing bacteria activity recovered after reconnection. However, few days later syntrophic acetate oxidation bacteria and H2-consuming methanogens became dominant, producing CH4 as the main product, via electromethanogenesis and the syntrophic interaction between eubacterial and archaeal communities which consume both the acetic acid and the hydrogen present in the cathode environment. Thus,the system proved to be resilient to a long-term power interruption in terms of electroactivity. At the same time, these results demonstrated that the system could be extensively affected in both end product generation and microbial communities.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176135)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(No.YJ201976)。
文摘This review offers an overview of the latest developments in metal-covalent organic framework(MCOF)and covalent metal-organic framework(CMOF)materials,whose construction entails a combination of reversible coordination and covalent bonding adapted from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),respectively.With an emphasis on the MCOF and CMOF structures,this review surveys their building blocks and topologies.Specifically,the frameworks are classified based on the dimensions of their components(building blocks),namely,discrete building blocks and one-dimensional infinite building blocks.For the first category,the materials are further divided into collections of two-and three-dimensional networks based on their topologies.For the second category,the recently emerging MCOFs with woven structures are covered.Finally,the state-of-the-art in MCOF and CMOF chemistry has been laid out for promising avenues in future developments.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021 YFB 4000500,2021 YFB 4000501,and 2021 YFB 4000502)。
文摘Steam cracking is the dominant technology for producing light olefins,which are believed to be the foundation of the chemical industry.Predictive models of the cracking process can boost production efficiency and profit margin.Rapid advancements in machine learning research have recently enabled data-driven solutions to usher in a new era of process modeling.Meanwhile,its practical application to steam cracking is still hindered by the trade-off between prediction accuracy and computational speed.This research presents a framework for data-driven intelligent modeling of the steam cracking process.Industrial data preparation and feature engineering techniques provide computational-ready datasets for the framework,and feedstock similarities are exploited using k-means clustering.We propose LArge-Residuals-Deletion Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline(LARD-MARS),a modeling approach that explicitly generates output formulas and eliminates potentially outlying instances.The framework is validated further by the presentation of clustering results,the explanation of variable importance,and the testing and comparison of model performance.
基金grateful to Danida Fellowship Centre for supporting the research project (Biobased electricity in developing countries,DFC No.11-091 Ris?)The financial support from China Scholarship Council (CSC No.2011635051) for Guotao Sun is gratefully acknowledged.Annette E.Jensen,DTU is thanked for technical support
文摘Microbial fuel cells （MFCs） rely on microbial conversion of organic substrates to electricity. The optimal perfor- mance depends on the establishment of a microbial community rich in electrogenic bacteria. Usually this micro- bial community is established from inoculation of the MFC anode chamber with naturally occurring mixed inocula. In this study, the electrochemical performance of MFCs and microbial community evolution were eval- uated for three inocula including domestic wastewater （DW）, lake sediment （LS） and biogas sludge （BS） with varying substrate loading （Lsub） and external resistance （Rext） on the MFC. The electrogenic bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens was identified in all inocula and its abundance during MFC operation was positively linked to the MFC performance. The IS inoculated MFCs showed highest abundance （18% ± 1%） of G. sulfurreducens, maximum current density [Imax = （690 ± 30） mA.m 2] and coulombic efficiency （CE = 29% ±1%） with acetate as the substrate./max and CE increased to （1780 ± 30） mA.m-2 and 58%± 1%, respectively, after decreasing the Rext from 1000 Ωto 200 Ω, which also correlated to a higher abundance ofG. sulfurreducens （21% ±0.7%） on the MFC anodic biofilm. The data obtained contribute to understanding the microbial community response to Lsub and Roy, for of timizing electricity eneration in MFCs.
文摘Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries across many geographical locales and have traditionally been considered healthy foods, partly because of the live microbes contained in them. The concept of “probiotics” further requires that the microbes be defined and their health effects be demonstrated through human intervention studies or other suitable investigations before marketing with corresponding health messages. Here, we review recommendations for fermented foods and probiotics in several countries outside the EU, focusing on food-based dietary guidelines. We emphasize recommendations on yoghurt and probiotics made by expert bodies. We found that dietary guidelines commonly advocate the consumption of yoghurt or similar products, but specific comments on probiotics are rare. Further, we reviewed guidelines from clinical associations. In general, they acknowledge the beneficial effects of probiotics, but often suggest the need for further research. This is true despite good quality evidence supporting the role of probiotics for certain health effects, such as prevention of eczema in infants, management of side effects from antibiotics and alleviation of functional bowel symptoms. Additional research to support future dietary recommendations should focus on determining effect size, identifying responders and non-responders, clarifying strain-specificity of effects and confirming mechanisms.
