Al-Halabi is an intriguing ophthalmologist who invented numerous surgicalinstruments for treating various eye diseases. The illustrations of such instrumentsin his invaluable book “Kitab Al-Kafi fi Al-Kuhl” reflect ...Al-Halabi is an intriguing ophthalmologist who invented numerous surgicalinstruments for treating various eye diseases. The illustrations of such instrumentsin his invaluable book “Kitab Al-Kafi fi Al-Kuhl” reflect his willingness toteach. Moreover, he included in his book a magnificent illustration of theanatomical structure of the eye. The book reflects Al-Halabi’s medical practice andteaching and shows several advanced medical techniques and tools. Hisinvaluable comments reflect his deep experimental observations in the field ofophthalmology. The current article provides proof that Al-Halabi is one of ourearly biomedical engineers from more than 800 years ago. Al-Halabi represents aring in the chain of biomedical engineering history. His surgical instrumentsrepresent the biomechanics field. Al-Halabi should be acknowledged among thebiomedical engineering students for his various contributions in the field ofsurgical instruments.展开更多
Needles,as some of the most widely used medical devices,have been effectively applied in human disease prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Thin 1D needle can easily penetrate cells/organs by generating h...Needles,as some of the most widely used medical devices,have been effectively applied in human disease prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Thin 1D needle can easily penetrate cells/organs by generating highly localized stress with their sharp tips to achieve bioliquid sampling,biosensing,drug delivery,surgery,and other such applications.In this review,we provide an overview of multiscale needle fabrication techniques and their biomedical applications.Needles are classified as nanoneedles,microneedles and millineedles based on the needle diameter,and their fabrication techniques are highlighted.Nanoneedles bridge the inside and outside of cells,achieving intracellular electrical recording,biochemical sensing,and drug delivery.Microneedles penetrate the stratum corneum layer to detect biomarkers/bioelectricity in interstitial fluid and deliver drugs through the skin into the human circulatory system.Millineedles,including puncture,syringe,acupuncture and suture needles,are presented.Finally,conclusions and future perspectives for next-generation nano/micro/milli needles are discussed.展开更多
This paper expounds professional characteristics of biomedical engineering in our school, and analyses some problems lying in it, emphatically discusses advantages and the problems combining biomedical engineering wit...This paper expounds professional characteristics of biomedical engineering in our school, and analyses some problems lying in it, emphatically discusses advantages and the problems combining biomedical engineering with the medical courses in order to offer targeted solutions. It summarizes the results and problems so as to provide reference value to a new major.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the advancements achieved by biomedical engineering laboratories in China during 2023.Methods:A total of 729 articles were initially selected from the SCI database and categorized by image,sig...Objective:To investigate the advancements achieved by biomedical engineering laboratories in China during 2023.Methods:A total of 729 articles were initially selected from the SCI database and categorized by image,signal,gene,and mechanics,with categories of quartile 1 or higher.Subsequently,52 representative articles were selected for this review.Results:The Chinese research team made significant strides in biomedical engineering in 2023,primarily in the following areas:traditional imaging technology,fluorescence labeling technology,photoacoustic imaging technology,neural interfaces and modulation,medical machinery,and medical materials.Significance:This review serves as an instructional manual for novices and an updated status report for experienced professionals.Additionally,comparing the achievements of Chinese teams with international teams may help shape future research directions in China.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Diamond nanomaterials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties.Their exceptional mechanical strength,chemical stability,biocompatibility,and h...CONSPECTUS:Diamond nanomaterials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties.Their exceptional mechanical strength,chemical stability,biocompatibility,and high thermal conductivity make them ideal candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications.Various formats,including nanodiamonds,diamond nanofilms,and diamond nanoneedle arrays(DNNAs),have been fabricated and used,exhibiting remarkable stability and low cytotoxicity.In particular,high-aspect-ratio and highdensity DNNAs demonstrate promising potential for live cell manipulation and analysis because of their unique combination of mechanical robustness,chemical stability,and wellforged bio−nanointerfaces.On the other hand,the chemical stability of diamond material makes fabrication and functionalization challenging,which could be improved for their wider adoption.展开更多
The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue a...The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.展开更多
Gulf War Illness(GWI)is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that manifests largely as gastrointestinal symptoms.Among these gastrointestinal symptoms,motility disorders are highly prevalent,presenting as chronic...Gulf War Illness(GWI)is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that manifests largely as gastrointestinal symptoms.Among these gastrointestinal symptoms,motility disorders are highly prevalent,presenting as chronic constipation,stomach pain,indigestion,diarrhea,and other conditions that severely impact the quality of life of GWI veterans.However,despite a high prevalence of gastrointestinal impairments among these veterans,most research attention has focused on neurological disturbances.This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of current in vivo research advancements elucidating the underlying mechanisms contributing to gastrointestinal disorders in GWI.Generally,these in vivo and in vitro models propose that neuroinflammation alters gut motility and drives the gastrointestinal symptoms reported in GWI.Additionally,this perspective highlights the potential and challenges of in vitro bioengineering models,which could be a crucial contributor to understanding and treating the pathology of gastrointestinal related-GWI.展开更多
This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We syste...This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We systematically evaluate key deep learning architectures including convolutional neural networks(CNNs),recurrent neural networks(RNNs),transformer-based models,and hybrid systems across critical tasks such as arrhythmia classification,seizure detection,and anomaly segmentation.The study dissects preprocessing techniques(e.g.,wavelet denoising,spectral normalization)and feature extraction strategies(time-frequency analysis,attention mechanisms),demonstrating their impact on model accuracy,noise robustness,and computational efficiency.Experimental results underscore the superiority of deep learning over traditional methods,particularly in automated feature extraction,real-time processing,cross-modal generalization,and achieving up to a 15%increase in classification accuracy and enhanced noise resilience across electrocardiogram(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),and electromyogram(EMG)signals.Performance is rigorously benchmarked using precision,recall,F1-scores,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC),and computational complexitymetrics,providing a unified framework for comparing model efficacy.Thesurvey addresses persistent challenges:synthetic data generationmitigates limited training samples,interpretability tools(e.g.,Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM),Shapley values)resolve model opacity,and federated learning ensures privacy-compliant deployments.Distinguished from prior reviews,this work offers a structured taxonomy of deep learning architectures,integrates emerging paradigms like transformers and domain-specific attention mechanisms,and evaluates preprocessing pipelines for spectral-temporal trade-offs.It advances the field by bridging technical advancements with clinical needs,such as scalability in real-world settings(e.g.,wearable devices)and regulatory alignment with theHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)and General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR).By synthesizing technical rigor,ethical considerations,and actionable guidelines for model selection,this survey establishes a holistic reference for developing robust,interpretable biomedical artificial intelligence(AI)systems,accelerating their translation into personalized and equitable healthcare solutions.展开更多
The field of bone tissue engineering has experienced an increase in prevalence due to the inherent challenge of the natural regeneration of significant bone deformities.This investigation focused on the preparation of...The field of bone tissue engineering has experienced an increase in prevalence due to the inherent challenge of the natural regeneration of significant bone deformities.This investigation focused on the preparation of Three-Dimensional(3D)-printed Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds with varying proportions of Nanohydroxyapatite(NHA)and Nanoclay(NC),and their physiochemical and biological properties were assessed.The mechanical properties of PCL are satisfactory;however,its hydrophobic nature and long-term degradation hinder its use in scaffold fabrication.NHA and NC have been employed to improve the hydrophilic characteristics,mechanical strength,adhesive properties,biocompatibility,biodegradability,and osteoconductive behavior of PCL.The morphology results demonstrated 3D-printed structures with interconnected rectangular macropores and proper nanoparticle distribution.The sample containing 70 wt%NC showed the highest porosity(65.98±2.54%),leading to an increased degradation rate.The compressive strength ranged from 10.65±1.90 to 84.93±9.93 MPa,which is directly proportional to the compressive strength of cancellous bone(2–12 MPa).The wettability,water uptake,and biodegradability of PCL scaffolds considerably improved as the amount of NC increased.The results of the cellular assays exhibited increased proliferation,viability,and adhesion of MG-63 cells due to the addition of NHA and NC to the scaffolds.Finally,according to the in vitro results,it can be concluded that 3D-printed samples with higher amounts of NC can be regarded as a suitable scaffold for expediting the regeneration process of bone defects.展开更多
The advent of targeted T-cell therapy,with chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy as the most prominent example,has yielded significant clinical efficacy for both relapsed and refractory hematological malignanci...The advent of targeted T-cell therapy,with chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy as the most prominent example,has yielded significant clinical efficacy for both relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies.However,this form of T-cell immunotherapy is often accompanied by severe systemic toxicities,suboptimal response rates,and host immune rejection in clinical sethings,which detracts from its therapeutic utility.展开更多
Plant cell wall(CW)-like soft materials,referred to as artificial CWs,are composites of assembled polymers containing micro-/nanoparticles or fibers/fibrils that are designed to mimic the composition,structure,and mec...Plant cell wall(CW)-like soft materials,referred to as artificial CWs,are composites of assembled polymers containing micro-/nanoparticles or fibers/fibrils that are designed to mimic the composition,structure,and mechanics of plant CWs.CW-like materials have recently emerged to test hypotheses pertaining to the intricate structure–property relationships of native plant CWs or to fabricate functional materials.Here,research on plant CWs and CW-like materials is reviewed by distilling key studies on biomimetic composites primarily composed of plant polysaccharides,including cellulose,pectin,and hemicellulose,as well as organic polymers like lignin.Micro-and nanofabrication of plant CW-like composites,characterization techniques,and in silico studies are reviewed,with a brief overview of current and potential applications.Micro-/nanofabrication approaches include bacterial growth and impregnation,layer-by-layer assembly,film casting,3-dimensional templating microcapsules,and particle coating.Various characterization techniques are necessary for the comprehensive mechanical,chemical,morphological,and structural analyses of plant CWs and CW-like materials.CW-like materials demonstrate versatility in real-life applications,including biomass conversion,pulp and paper,food science,construction,catalysis,and reaction engineering.This review seeks to facilitate the rational design and thorough characterization of plant CW-mimetic materials,with the goal of advancing the development of innovative soft materials and elucidating the complex structure–property relationships inherent in native CWs.展开更多
Tumor blockade therapy inhibits tumor progression by cutting off essential supplies of nutrients,oxygen,and biomolecules from the surrounding microenvironments.Inspired by natural processes,tumor biomineralization has...Tumor blockade therapy inhibits tumor progression by cutting off essential supplies of nutrients,oxygen,and biomolecules from the surrounding microenvironments.Inspired by natural processes,tumor biomineralization has evolved due to its biocompatibility,self-reinforcing capability,and penetrationindependent mechanism.However,the selective induction of tumor biomineralization using synthetic tools presents a significant challenge.Herein,a metabolic glycoengineering-assistant tumor biomineralization strategy was developed.Specifically,the azido group(N_(3))was introduced onto the cytomembrane by incubating tumor cells with glycose analog Ac4ManNAz.In addition,a bisphosphonate-containing polymer,dibenzocyclooctyne-poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate(DBCO-PEG-ALN,DBPA)was synthesized,which attached to the tumor cell surface via"click chemistry"reaction between DBCO and N_(3).Subsequently,the bisphosphonate group on the cell surface chelated with positively charged ions in the microenvironments,triggering a consecutive process of biomineralization.This physical barrier significantly reduced tumor cell viability and mobility in a calcium ion concentration-dependent manner,suggesting its potential as an effective anti-tumor strategy for in vivo applications.展开更多
We are thrilled to launch Med-X,a new international and high-quality open-access journal that publishes groundbreaking papers across the areas of biomedical engineering for the purpose of transforming modern medicine....We are thrilled to launch Med-X,a new international and high-quality open-access journal that publishes groundbreaking papers across the areas of biomedical engineering for the purpose of transforming modern medicine.Biomedical engineering applies principles of engineering to develop solutions for various health-related issues.It is the fastest-growing engineering discipline with unlimited potential and opportunities.Our journal aims to provide an interdisciplinary platform for communicating the latest important discoveries and innovations in basic and applied biomedical science and technology.We will accomplish this goal by publishing state-of-the-art research articles,rapid communications,case reports,reviews,perspectives,and commentaries.展开更多
The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer...The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer therapy,and bioimaging.Nature has evolved efficient light-harvesting systems and energy conversion mechanisms,which serve as a benchmark for researchers.However,reproducing such complexity and harnessing it for biomedical applications is a daunting task.It requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological processes and the ability to replicate them synthetically.By utilizing light energy,these photocatalysts can trigger specific chemical reactions,leading to targeted drug release,enhanced tissue regeneration,and precise imaging of biological structures.In this context,addressing the stability,long-term performance,scalability,and costeffectiveness of these materials is crucial for their widespread implementation in biomedical applications.While challenges such as complexity and stability persist,their advantages such as targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine make them a fascinating area of research.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of existing research,highlighting the advancements,current challenges,advantages,limitations,and future prospects of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts in biomedicine.展开更多
As an important phenomenon to monitor disease development,cell signaling usually takes place at the interface between organisms/cells or between organisms/cells and abiotic materials.Therefore,finding a strategy to bu...As an important phenomenon to monitor disease development,cell signaling usually takes place at the interface between organisms/cells or between organisms/cells and abiotic materials.Therefore,finding a strategy to build the specific biomedical interfaces will help regulate information transmission and produce better therapeutic results to benefit patients.In the past decades,plasmas containing energetic and active species have been employed to construct various interfaces to meet biomedical demands such as bacteria inactivation,tissue regeneration,cancer therapy,and so on.Based on the potent functions of plasma modified surfaces,this mini-review is aimed to summarize the state-of-art plasma-activated interfaces and provide guidance to researchers to select the proper plasma and processing conditions to design and prepare interfaces with the optimal biological and related functions.After a brief introduction,plasma-activated interfaces are described and categorized according to different criteria including direct plasma-cells interfaces and indirect plasma-material-cells interfaces and recent research activities on the application of plasma-activated interfaces are described.The authors hope that this mini-review will spur interdisciplinary research efforts in this important area and expedite associated clinical applications.展开更多
Recently,the metal ion cross-linked hydrogels have gained enormous interest because of its excellent properties like self-healing,fast recovery,biocompatibility and high mechanical properties combined with multi-stimu...Recently,the metal ion cross-linked hydrogels have gained enormous interest because of its excellent properties like self-healing,fast recovery,biocompatibility and high mechanical properties combined with multi-stimuli responsiveness.In this review article,we have summarized the recent trends in the development of metal ion cross-linked hydrogels for tissue engineering and biomedical applications.A number of metal ions and their contribution in the synthesis of various cross-linked hydrogels are discussed with respect to their crosslinking mechanisms,compositions,physio-chemical and biological properties.A special emphasis has been given to ferric(Fe^(3+))ion cross-linked hydrogels and their different combinations owing to their numerous researches reported in the recent past with exceptional properties.The application of these metal ion based hydrogels in biomedical applications including tissue engineering,sensing,wound healing,drug delivery and as tissue adhesive and tissue sealants are reviewed with specific examples.Importantly,the application of these metal ion cross-linked hydrogels as inks in 3 D printing is explained in a separate section.Finally,the possible toxic effects of the different metal ions and their effects have been scrutinized.Future directions and comprehensive applications of the hydrogels are highlighted.展开更多
Inspired by the skin structure,an asymmetric wettability tri-layer nanofiber membrane(TNM)consisting of hydrophilic inner layer loaded with lidocaine hydrochloride(LID),hydrophobic middle layer with ciprofloxacin(CIP)...Inspired by the skin structure,an asymmetric wettability tri-layer nanofiber membrane(TNM)consisting of hydrophilic inner layer loaded with lidocaine hydrochloride(LID),hydrophobic middle layer with ciprofloxacin(CIP)and hydrophobic outer layer has been created.The hydrophobic outer layer endows the TNM with waterproof function and anti-adhesion from contaminants.The hydrophobic middle layer with CIP preserves long-term inhibition of bacteria growth and the hydrophilic inner layer with LID possesses optimal waterabsorbing capacity and air permeability.The TNM dramatically elevates the water contact angles from 10°(inner layer)to 120(outer layer),indicating an asymmetric wettability,which could directionally transport wound exudate within the materials and meanwhile maintain a comfortable and moist environment to promote wound healing.Furthermore,the sequential release of LID and CIP could relieve pain rapidly and achieve antibacterial effect in the long run,respectively.In addition,the TNM shows superior biocompatibility towards L929 cells.The in vivo results show the TNM could prevent infection,accelerate epithelial regeneration and significantly accelerate wound healing.This study indicates the developed TNM with asymmetrical wettability and synergetic drug release shows great potential as a wound dressing in clinical application.展开更多
Bioelectronics have gained substantial research attention owing to their potential applications in health monitoring and diagnose,and greatly promoted the development of biomedicine.Recently,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio...Bioelectronics have gained substantial research attention owing to their potential applications in health monitoring and diagnose,and greatly promoted the development of biomedicine.Recently,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)hydrogels have arose as a promising candi-date for the next-generation bioelectronic interface due to its high-conductivity,versatility,flexibility and biocompatibility.In this review,we highlight the recent advances of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels,including the gelation methods and modification strategies,and summarize their wide applications in different type of sensors and tissue engineering in detail.We expect that this work will provide valuable information regarding the functionalizations and applications of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels.展开更多
Tissue engineering is nowadays an emerging approach that aims to replace or regenerate diseased or damaged organs with engineered constructs. Considering the key role of growth factors (GFs) in the tissue regeneration...Tissue engineering is nowadays an emerging approach that aims to replace or regenerate diseased or damaged organs with engineered constructs. Considering the key role of growth factors (GFs) in the tissue regeneration process, these biomolecules are considered an important part of the tissue engineering process, so the presence of growth factors in engineered scaffolds can accelerate tissue regeneration by influencing the behavior of cells. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as an autologous source of a variety of growth factors, is considered a therapeutic agent for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Regarding its ability to promote the healing process and tissue regeneration, PRP therapy has attracted great attention in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Incorporating PRP and its derivatives into engineered scaffolds not only bioactivates the scaffold, but the scaffold matrix also acts as a sustained and localized growth factor release system. In addition, the presence of a scaffold can promote the bioactivity of GFs by providing an environment that facilitates their interaction, leading to enhanced effects compared to their free form. This review presents a brief overview of PRP's role in bone and cartilage tissue regeneration with the main focus on scaffold-mediated PRP delivery. In addition, the classification of platelet-rich products, current extraction techniques, terminology, and scaffold bioactivation methods are presented to provide a better understanding of the basics and the key aspects that may affect the effectiveness of therapy in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.展开更多
文摘Al-Halabi is an intriguing ophthalmologist who invented numerous surgicalinstruments for treating various eye diseases. The illustrations of such instrumentsin his invaluable book “Kitab Al-Kafi fi Al-Kuhl” reflect his willingness toteach. Moreover, he included in his book a magnificent illustration of theanatomical structure of the eye. The book reflects Al-Halabi’s medical practice andteaching and shows several advanced medical techniques and tools. Hisinvaluable comments reflect his deep experimental observations in the field ofophthalmology. The current article provides proof that Al-Halabi is one of ourearly biomedical engineers from more than 800 years ago. Al-Halabi represents aring in the chain of biomedical engineering history. His surgical instrumentsrepresent the biomechanics field. Al-Halabi should be acknowledged among thebiomedical engineering students for his various contributions in the field ofsurgical instruments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175446,51975133,51975597)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2021A1515011740,2019A1515011011)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(Grant No.JCYJ20170818163426597).
文摘Needles,as some of the most widely used medical devices,have been effectively applied in human disease prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Thin 1D needle can easily penetrate cells/organs by generating highly localized stress with their sharp tips to achieve bioliquid sampling,biosensing,drug delivery,surgery,and other such applications.In this review,we provide an overview of multiscale needle fabrication techniques and their biomedical applications.Needles are classified as nanoneedles,microneedles and millineedles based on the needle diameter,and their fabrication techniques are highlighted.Nanoneedles bridge the inside and outside of cells,achieving intracellular electrical recording,biochemical sensing,and drug delivery.Microneedles penetrate the stratum corneum layer to detect biomarkers/bioelectricity in interstitial fluid and deliver drugs through the skin into the human circulatory system.Millineedles,including puncture,syringe,acupuncture and suture needles,are presented.Finally,conclusions and future perspectives for next-generation nano/micro/milli needles are discussed.
文摘This paper expounds professional characteristics of biomedical engineering in our school, and analyses some problems lying in it, emphatically discusses advantages and the problems combining biomedical engineering with the medical courses in order to offer targeted solutions. It summarizes the results and problems so as to provide reference value to a new major.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,Z220015.
文摘Objective:To investigate the advancements achieved by biomedical engineering laboratories in China during 2023.Methods:A total of 729 articles were initially selected from the SCI database and categorized by image,signal,gene,and mechanics,with categories of quartile 1 or higher.Subsequently,52 representative articles were selected for this review.Results:The Chinese research team made significant strides in biomedical engineering in 2023,primarily in the following areas:traditional imaging technology,fluorescence labeling technology,photoacoustic imaging technology,neural interfaces and modulation,medical machinery,and medical materials.Significance:This review serves as an instructional manual for novices and an updated status report for experienced professionals.Additionally,comparing the achievements of Chinese teams with international teams may help shape future research directions in China.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(52172241,52173242,32201176,U20A20194)Hong Kong Research Grants Council(11215920,11218522,11218523,11308321,11308120)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019B1515120005)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(JCYJ20200109115424940)Science and Technology Foundation of Suzhou(ZXL2023203).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Diamond nanomaterials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties.Their exceptional mechanical strength,chemical stability,biocompatibility,and high thermal conductivity make them ideal candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications.Various formats,including nanodiamonds,diamond nanofilms,and diamond nanoneedle arrays(DNNAs),have been fabricated and used,exhibiting remarkable stability and low cytotoxicity.In particular,high-aspect-ratio and highdensity DNNAs demonstrate promising potential for live cell manipulation and analysis because of their unique combination of mechanical robustness,chemical stability,and wellforged bio−nanointerfaces.On the other hand,the chemical stability of diamond material makes fabrication and functionalization challenging,which could be improved for their wider adoption.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81874059 and 82102105)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22H160017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702825).
文摘The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.
基金supported by the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program Award through the Gulf War Illness Research Program (SAR, W81XWH-21±1-0477)funding from the Aviles-Johnson Doctoral Diversity Fellowship Awardthe National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Awards (CAC)
文摘Gulf War Illness(GWI)is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that manifests largely as gastrointestinal symptoms.Among these gastrointestinal symptoms,motility disorders are highly prevalent,presenting as chronic constipation,stomach pain,indigestion,diarrhea,and other conditions that severely impact the quality of life of GWI veterans.However,despite a high prevalence of gastrointestinal impairments among these veterans,most research attention has focused on neurological disturbances.This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of current in vivo research advancements elucidating the underlying mechanisms contributing to gastrointestinal disorders in GWI.Generally,these in vivo and in vitro models propose that neuroinflammation alters gut motility and drives the gastrointestinal symptoms reported in GWI.Additionally,this perspective highlights the potential and challenges of in vitro bioengineering models,which could be a crucial contributor to understanding and treating the pathology of gastrointestinal related-GWI.
基金The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)funded this review study.
文摘This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We systematically evaluate key deep learning architectures including convolutional neural networks(CNNs),recurrent neural networks(RNNs),transformer-based models,and hybrid systems across critical tasks such as arrhythmia classification,seizure detection,and anomaly segmentation.The study dissects preprocessing techniques(e.g.,wavelet denoising,spectral normalization)and feature extraction strategies(time-frequency analysis,attention mechanisms),demonstrating their impact on model accuracy,noise robustness,and computational efficiency.Experimental results underscore the superiority of deep learning over traditional methods,particularly in automated feature extraction,real-time processing,cross-modal generalization,and achieving up to a 15%increase in classification accuracy and enhanced noise resilience across electrocardiogram(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),and electromyogram(EMG)signals.Performance is rigorously benchmarked using precision,recall,F1-scores,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC),and computational complexitymetrics,providing a unified framework for comparing model efficacy.Thesurvey addresses persistent challenges:synthetic data generationmitigates limited training samples,interpretability tools(e.g.,Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM),Shapley values)resolve model opacity,and federated learning ensures privacy-compliant deployments.Distinguished from prior reviews,this work offers a structured taxonomy of deep learning architectures,integrates emerging paradigms like transformers and domain-specific attention mechanisms,and evaluates preprocessing pipelines for spectral-temporal trade-offs.It advances the field by bridging technical advancements with clinical needs,such as scalability in real-world settings(e.g.,wearable devices)and regulatory alignment with theHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)and General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR).By synthesizing technical rigor,ethical considerations,and actionable guidelines for model selection,this survey establishes a holistic reference for developing robust,interpretable biomedical artificial intelligence(AI)systems,accelerating their translation into personalized and equitable healthcare solutions.
文摘The field of bone tissue engineering has experienced an increase in prevalence due to the inherent challenge of the natural regeneration of significant bone deformities.This investigation focused on the preparation of Three-Dimensional(3D)-printed Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds with varying proportions of Nanohydroxyapatite(NHA)and Nanoclay(NC),and their physiochemical and biological properties were assessed.The mechanical properties of PCL are satisfactory;however,its hydrophobic nature and long-term degradation hinder its use in scaffold fabrication.NHA and NC have been employed to improve the hydrophilic characteristics,mechanical strength,adhesive properties,biocompatibility,biodegradability,and osteoconductive behavior of PCL.The morphology results demonstrated 3D-printed structures with interconnected rectangular macropores and proper nanoparticle distribution.The sample containing 70 wt%NC showed the highest porosity(65.98±2.54%),leading to an increased degradation rate.The compressive strength ranged from 10.65±1.90 to 84.93±9.93 MPa,which is directly proportional to the compressive strength of cancellous bone(2–12 MPa).The wettability,water uptake,and biodegradability of PCL scaffolds considerably improved as the amount of NC increased.The results of the cellular assays exhibited increased proliferation,viability,and adhesion of MG-63 cells due to the addition of NHA and NC to the scaffolds.Finally,according to the in vitro results,it can be concluded that 3D-printed samples with higher amounts of NC can be regarded as a suitable scaffold for expediting the regeneration process of bone defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173150)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program City-University Joint Funding Project(2023A03J0001)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20233297)。
文摘The advent of targeted T-cell therapy,with chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy as the most prominent example,has yielded significant clinical efficacy for both relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies.However,this form of T-cell immunotherapy is often accompanied by severe systemic toxicities,suboptimal response rates,and host immune rejection in clinical sethings,which detracts from its therapeutic utility.
基金supported as part of The Center for LignoCellulose Structure and Formation,an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences under Award#DE-SC0001090support from the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at Penn State University through the Patricia and Stephen Benkovic Research Initiativesupported by the Center for Engineering Mechano Biology(CEMB),an NSF Science and Technology Center,under grant agreement CMMI:15-48571。
文摘Plant cell wall(CW)-like soft materials,referred to as artificial CWs,are composites of assembled polymers containing micro-/nanoparticles or fibers/fibrils that are designed to mimic the composition,structure,and mechanics of plant CWs.CW-like materials have recently emerged to test hypotheses pertaining to the intricate structure–property relationships of native plant CWs or to fabricate functional materials.Here,research on plant CWs and CW-like materials is reviewed by distilling key studies on biomimetic composites primarily composed of plant polysaccharides,including cellulose,pectin,and hemicellulose,as well as organic polymers like lignin.Micro-and nanofabrication of plant CW-like composites,characterization techniques,and in silico studies are reviewed,with a brief overview of current and potential applications.Micro-/nanofabrication approaches include bacterial growth and impregnation,layer-by-layer assembly,film casting,3-dimensional templating microcapsules,and particle coating.Various characterization techniques are necessary for the comprehensive mechanical,chemical,morphological,and structural analyses of plant CWs and CW-like materials.CW-like materials demonstrate versatility in real-life applications,including biomass conversion,pulp and paper,food science,construction,catalysis,and reaction engineering.This review seeks to facilitate the rational design and thorough characterization of plant CW-mimetic materials,with the goal of advancing the development of innovative soft materials and elucidating the complex structure–property relationships inherent in native CWs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20591 and 52273158)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(Nos.20240101002JJ and 20210504001GH).
文摘Tumor blockade therapy inhibits tumor progression by cutting off essential supplies of nutrients,oxygen,and biomolecules from the surrounding microenvironments.Inspired by natural processes,tumor biomineralization has evolved due to its biocompatibility,self-reinforcing capability,and penetrationindependent mechanism.However,the selective induction of tumor biomineralization using synthetic tools presents a significant challenge.Herein,a metabolic glycoengineering-assistant tumor biomineralization strategy was developed.Specifically,the azido group(N_(3))was introduced onto the cytomembrane by incubating tumor cells with glycose analog Ac4ManNAz.In addition,a bisphosphonate-containing polymer,dibenzocyclooctyne-poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate(DBCO-PEG-ALN,DBPA)was synthesized,which attached to the tumor cell surface via"click chemistry"reaction between DBCO and N_(3).Subsequently,the bisphosphonate group on the cell surface chelated with positively charged ions in the microenvironments,triggering a consecutive process of biomineralization.This physical barrier significantly reduced tumor cell viability and mobility in a calcium ion concentration-dependent manner,suggesting its potential as an effective anti-tumor strategy for in vivo applications.
文摘We are thrilled to launch Med-X,a new international and high-quality open-access journal that publishes groundbreaking papers across the areas of biomedical engineering for the purpose of transforming modern medicine.Biomedical engineering applies principles of engineering to develop solutions for various health-related issues.It is the fastest-growing engineering discipline with unlimited potential and opportunities.Our journal aims to provide an interdisciplinary platform for communicating the latest important discoveries and innovations in basic and applied biomedical science and technology.We will accomplish this goal by publishing state-of-the-art research articles,rapid communications,case reports,reviews,perspectives,and commentaries.
文摘The field of photocatalysis has witnessed a significant advancement in the development of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts for various biomedical applications,including drug delivery,tissue engineering,cancer therapy,and bioimaging.Nature has evolved efficient light-harvesting systems and energy conversion mechanisms,which serve as a benchmark for researchers.However,reproducing such complexity and harnessing it for biomedical applications is a daunting task.It requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological processes and the ability to replicate them synthetically.By utilizing light energy,these photocatalysts can trigger specific chemical reactions,leading to targeted drug release,enhanced tissue regeneration,and precise imaging of biological structures.In this context,addressing the stability,long-term performance,scalability,and costeffectiveness of these materials is crucial for their widespread implementation in biomedical applications.While challenges such as complexity and stability persist,their advantages such as targeted drug delivery and personalized medicine make them a fascinating area of research.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of existing research,highlighting the advancements,current challenges,advantages,limitations,and future prospects of bioinspired and biomimetic photocatalysts in biomedicine.
基金This work was supported by City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant(SRG)No.7005264,Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding Scheme(TCFS)No.GHP/085/18SZ(CityU 9440230)Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Funds(GRF)No.CityU 11205617.
文摘As an important phenomenon to monitor disease development,cell signaling usually takes place at the interface between organisms/cells or between organisms/cells and abiotic materials.Therefore,finding a strategy to build the specific biomedical interfaces will help regulate information transmission and produce better therapeutic results to benefit patients.In the past decades,plasmas containing energetic and active species have been employed to construct various interfaces to meet biomedical demands such as bacteria inactivation,tissue regeneration,cancer therapy,and so on.Based on the potent functions of plasma modified surfaces,this mini-review is aimed to summarize the state-of-art plasma-activated interfaces and provide guidance to researchers to select the proper plasma and processing conditions to design and prepare interfaces with the optimal biological and related functions.After a brief introduction,plasma-activated interfaces are described and categorized according to different criteria including direct plasma-cells interfaces and indirect plasma-material-cells interfaces and recent research activities on the application of plasma-activated interfaces are described.The authors hope that this mini-review will spur interdisciplinary research efforts in this important area and expedite associated clinical applications.
基金supported by the Research Program funded by the SeoulTech(Seoul National University of Science and Technology)。
文摘Recently,the metal ion cross-linked hydrogels have gained enormous interest because of its excellent properties like self-healing,fast recovery,biocompatibility and high mechanical properties combined with multi-stimuli responsiveness.In this review article,we have summarized the recent trends in the development of metal ion cross-linked hydrogels for tissue engineering and biomedical applications.A number of metal ions and their contribution in the synthesis of various cross-linked hydrogels are discussed with respect to their crosslinking mechanisms,compositions,physio-chemical and biological properties.A special emphasis has been given to ferric(Fe^(3+))ion cross-linked hydrogels and their different combinations owing to their numerous researches reported in the recent past with exceptional properties.The application of these metal ion based hydrogels in biomedical applications including tissue engineering,sensing,wound healing,drug delivery and as tissue adhesive and tissue sealants are reviewed with specific examples.Importantly,the application of these metal ion cross-linked hydrogels as inks in 3 D printing is explained in a separate section.Finally,the possible toxic effects of the different metal ions and their effects have been scrutinized.Future directions and comprehensive applications of the hydrogels are highlighted.
文摘Inspired by the skin structure,an asymmetric wettability tri-layer nanofiber membrane(TNM)consisting of hydrophilic inner layer loaded with lidocaine hydrochloride(LID),hydrophobic middle layer with ciprofloxacin(CIP)and hydrophobic outer layer has been created.The hydrophobic outer layer endows the TNM with waterproof function and anti-adhesion from contaminants.The hydrophobic middle layer with CIP preserves long-term inhibition of bacteria growth and the hydrophilic inner layer with LID possesses optimal waterabsorbing capacity and air permeability.The TNM dramatically elevates the water contact angles from 10°(inner layer)to 120(outer layer),indicating an asymmetric wettability,which could directionally transport wound exudate within the materials and meanwhile maintain a comfortable and moist environment to promote wound healing.Furthermore,the sequential release of LID and CIP could relieve pain rapidly and achieve antibacterial effect in the long run,respectively.In addition,the TNM shows superior biocompatibility towards L929 cells.The in vivo results show the TNM could prevent infection,accelerate epithelial regeneration and significantly accelerate wound healing.This study indicates the developed TNM with asymmetrical wettability and synergetic drug release shows great potential as a wound dressing in clinical application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82272120)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Nos. LQ20F010011, LY18H180006)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province, China (No. 2022C03002)supported by MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University (No. 2022MSF**)the open research fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials.
文摘Bioelectronics have gained substantial research attention owing to their potential applications in health monitoring and diagnose,and greatly promoted the development of biomedicine.Recently,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)hydrogels have arose as a promising candi-date for the next-generation bioelectronic interface due to its high-conductivity,versatility,flexibility and biocompatibility.In this review,we highlight the recent advances of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels,including the gelation methods and modification strategies,and summarize their wide applications in different type of sensors and tissue engineering in detail.We expect that this work will provide valuable information regarding the functionalizations and applications of PEDOT:PSS hydrogels.
基金support from Iran’s National Elites Foundation(INEF).
文摘Tissue engineering is nowadays an emerging approach that aims to replace or regenerate diseased or damaged organs with engineered constructs. Considering the key role of growth factors (GFs) in the tissue regeneration process, these biomolecules are considered an important part of the tissue engineering process, so the presence of growth factors in engineered scaffolds can accelerate tissue regeneration by influencing the behavior of cells. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as an autologous source of a variety of growth factors, is considered a therapeutic agent for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Regarding its ability to promote the healing process and tissue regeneration, PRP therapy has attracted great attention in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Incorporating PRP and its derivatives into engineered scaffolds not only bioactivates the scaffold, but the scaffold matrix also acts as a sustained and localized growth factor release system. In addition, the presence of a scaffold can promote the bioactivity of GFs by providing an environment that facilitates their interaction, leading to enhanced effects compared to their free form. This review presents a brief overview of PRP's role in bone and cartilage tissue regeneration with the main focus on scaffold-mediated PRP delivery. In addition, the classification of platelet-rich products, current extraction techniques, terminology, and scaffold bioactivation methods are presented to provide a better understanding of the basics and the key aspects that may affect the effectiveness of therapy in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
