Al-Halabi is an intriguing ophthalmologist who invented numerous surgicalinstruments for treating various eye diseases. The illustrations of such instrumentsin his invaluable book “Kitab Al-Kafi fi Al-Kuhl” reflect ...Al-Halabi is an intriguing ophthalmologist who invented numerous surgicalinstruments for treating various eye diseases. The illustrations of such instrumentsin his invaluable book “Kitab Al-Kafi fi Al-Kuhl” reflect his willingness toteach. Moreover, he included in his book a magnificent illustration of theanatomical structure of the eye. The book reflects Al-Halabi’s medical practice andteaching and shows several advanced medical techniques and tools. Hisinvaluable comments reflect his deep experimental observations in the field ofophthalmology. The current article provides proof that Al-Halabi is one of ourearly biomedical engineers from more than 800 years ago. Al-Halabi represents aring in the chain of biomedical engineering history. His surgical instrumentsrepresent the biomechanics field. Al-Halabi should be acknowledged among thebiomedical engineering students for his various contributions in the field ofsurgical instruments.展开更多
Needles,as some of the most widely used medical devices,have been effectively applied in human disease prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Thin 1D needle can easily penetrate cells/organs by generating h...Needles,as some of the most widely used medical devices,have been effectively applied in human disease prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Thin 1D needle can easily penetrate cells/organs by generating highly localized stress with their sharp tips to achieve bioliquid sampling,biosensing,drug delivery,surgery,and other such applications.In this review,we provide an overview of multiscale needle fabrication techniques and their biomedical applications.Needles are classified as nanoneedles,microneedles and millineedles based on the needle diameter,and their fabrication techniques are highlighted.Nanoneedles bridge the inside and outside of cells,achieving intracellular electrical recording,biochemical sensing,and drug delivery.Microneedles penetrate the stratum corneum layer to detect biomarkers/bioelectricity in interstitial fluid and deliver drugs through the skin into the human circulatory system.Millineedles,including puncture,syringe,acupuncture and suture needles,are presented.Finally,conclusions and future perspectives for next-generation nano/micro/milli needles are discussed.展开更多
This paper expounds professional characteristics of biomedical engineering in our school, and analyses some problems lying in it, emphatically discusses advantages and the problems combining biomedical engineering wit...This paper expounds professional characteristics of biomedical engineering in our school, and analyses some problems lying in it, emphatically discusses advantages and the problems combining biomedical engineering with the medical courses in order to offer targeted solutions. It summarizes the results and problems so as to provide reference value to a new major.展开更多
The modern medical field faces two critical challenges:the dramatic increase in data complexity and the explosive growth in data size.Especially in current research,medical diagnostic,and data processing devices relyi...The modern medical field faces two critical challenges:the dramatic increase in data complexity and the explosive growth in data size.Especially in current research,medical diagnostic,and data processing devices relying on traditional computer architecture are increasingly showing limitations when faced with dynamic temporal and spatial processing requirements,as well as high-dimensional data processing tasks.Neuromorphic devices provide a new way for biomedical data processing due to their low energy consumption and high dynamic information processing capabilities.This paper aims to reveal the advantages of neuromorphic devices in biomedical applications.First,this review emphasizes the urgent need of biomedical engineering for diversify clinical diagnostic techniques.Secondly,the feasibility of the application in biomedical engineering is demonstrated by reviewing the historical development of neuromorphic devices from basic modeling to multimodal signal processing.In addition,this paper demonstrates the great potential of neuromorphic chips for application in the fields of biosensing technology,medical image processing and generation,rehabilitation medical engineering,and brain-computer interfaces.Finally,this review provides the pathways for constructing standardized experimental protocols using biocompatible technologies,personalized treatment strategies,and systematic clinical validation.In summary,neuromorphic devices will drive technological innovation in the biomedical field and make significant contributions to life health.展开更多
ABSTRACT Melt electrowriting(MEW)enables the precise deposition of polymeric fibers at micro-/nanoscale,allowing for the fabrication of 3D biomimetic scaffolds.By incorporating stimuli-responsive polymers and/or funct...ABSTRACT Melt electrowriting(MEW)enables the precise deposition of polymeric fibers at micro-/nanoscale,allowing for the fabrication of 3D biomimetic scaffolds.By incorporating stimuli-responsive polymers and/or functional fillers,MEW-based 4D printing creates scaffolds capable of undergoing controlled,reversible shape transformations in response to external stimuli over time.These dynamic 4D scaffolds can be tailored for minimally invasive delivery,remote actuation,and real-time responsiveness to physiological environments,making them highly relevant for biomedical applications.This review systematically elucidates the principles of MEW-based 4D printing,including material considerations,actuation methods,and structure design strategies,along with shape programming and morphing mechanisms.The versatility of MEW for rational fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds is firstly introduced.Subsequently,the critical elements underpinning MEW-based 4D printing process are overviewed,including an analysis of stimuli-responsive materials compatible with MEW,an evaluation of applicable external stimuli,and a discussion on the advancements in design strategies for 4D scaffolds.Recent progress of MEW 4D scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering,biomedical implants,and drug delivery systems are highlighted.Finally,key challenges and perspectives toward material innovation,fabrication optimization,and actuation control are discussed.This review aims to provide valuable insights for design and creation of multifunctional biomimetic dynamic scaffolds by MEW-based 4D printing.展开更多
The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The nat...The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.展开更多
Adjuvants enhance and prolong the immune response to therapeutic agents,such as drugs and vaccines.However,conventional adjuvants have limitations in terms of immune specificity and duration.Nanoadjuvants can leverage...Adjuvants enhance and prolong the immune response to therapeutic agents,such as drugs and vaccines.However,conventional adjuvants have limitations in terms of immune specificity and duration.Nanoadjuvants can leverage their nanoscale size to increase the capture efficacy of antigens by antigen-presenting cells and improve immunogen presentation for targeted delivery.Furthermore,noninvasive visualization of bifunctional nanoadjuvants with integrated efficacy and imaging postdelivery can provide insights into in vivo distribution and performance,aiding in the optimization and design of new dosage forms.This review systematically summarizes the structure,assembly,and function of nanoadjuvants alongside contrast agents.It delves into the impact of complex structures formed by nanoadjuvant-contrast agent interactions on antigen presentation,migration,imaging tracking,and visualization of immune cell recruitment.It also discusses how imaging can determine optimal immune intervals,vaccine safety,and toxicity while enabling diagnostic and therapeutic integration.Moreover,this paper discusses potential applications of novel adjuvants and promising imaging technologies that could have implications for future vaccine and drug development endeavors.展开更多
We are thrilled to launch Med-X,a new international and high-quality open-access journal that publishes groundbreaking papers across the areas of biomedical engineering for the purpose of transforming modern medicine....We are thrilled to launch Med-X,a new international and high-quality open-access journal that publishes groundbreaking papers across the areas of biomedical engineering for the purpose of transforming modern medicine.Biomedical engineering applies principles of engineering to develop solutions for various health-related issues.It is the fastest-growing engineering discipline with unlimited potential and opportunities.Our journal aims to provide an interdisciplinary platform for communicating the latest important discoveries and innovations in basic and applied biomedical science and technology.We will accomplish this goal by publishing state-of-the-art research articles,rapid communications,case reports,reviews,perspectives,and commentaries.展开更多
As an important phenomenon to monitor disease development,cell signaling usually takes place at the interface between organisms/cells or between organisms/cells and abiotic materials.Therefore,finding a strategy to bu...As an important phenomenon to monitor disease development,cell signaling usually takes place at the interface between organisms/cells or between organisms/cells and abiotic materials.Therefore,finding a strategy to build the specific biomedical interfaces will help regulate information transmission and produce better therapeutic results to benefit patients.In the past decades,plasmas containing energetic and active species have been employed to construct various interfaces to meet biomedical demands such as bacteria inactivation,tissue regeneration,cancer therapy,and so on.Based on the potent functions of plasma modified surfaces,this mini-review is aimed to summarize the state-of-art plasma-activated interfaces and provide guidance to researchers to select the proper plasma and processing conditions to design and prepare interfaces with the optimal biological and related functions.After a brief introduction,plasma-activated interfaces are described and categorized according to different criteria including direct plasma-cells interfaces and indirect plasma-material-cells interfaces and recent research activities on the application of plasma-activated interfaces are described.The authors hope that this mini-review will spur interdisciplinary research efforts in this important area and expedite associated clinical applications.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the advancements achieved by biomedical engineering laboratories in China during 2023.Methods:A total of 729 articles were initially selected from the SCI database and categorized by image,sig...Objective:To investigate the advancements achieved by biomedical engineering laboratories in China during 2023.Methods:A total of 729 articles were initially selected from the SCI database and categorized by image,signal,gene,and mechanics,with categories of quartile 1 or higher.Subsequently,52 representative articles were selected for this review.Results:The Chinese research team made significant strides in biomedical engineering in 2023,primarily in the following areas:traditional imaging technology,fluorescence labeling technology,photoacoustic imaging technology,neural interfaces and modulation,medical machinery,and medical materials.Significance:This review serves as an instructional manual for novices and an updated status report for experienced professionals.Additionally,comparing the achievements of Chinese teams with international teams may help shape future research directions in China.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Diamond nanomaterials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties.Their exceptional mechanical strength,chemical stability,biocompatibility,and h...CONSPECTUS:Diamond nanomaterials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties.Their exceptional mechanical strength,chemical stability,biocompatibility,and high thermal conductivity make them ideal candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications.Various formats,including nanodiamonds,diamond nanofilms,and diamond nanoneedle arrays(DNNAs),have been fabricated and used,exhibiting remarkable stability and low cytotoxicity.In particular,high-aspect-ratio and highdensity DNNAs demonstrate promising potential for live cell manipulation and analysis because of their unique combination of mechanical robustness,chemical stability,and wellforged bio−nanointerfaces.On the other hand,the chemical stability of diamond material makes fabrication and functionalization challenging,which could be improved for their wider adoption.展开更多
Recently,the metal ion cross-linked hydrogels have gained enormous interest because of its excellent properties like self-healing,fast recovery,biocompatibility and high mechanical properties combined with multi-stimu...Recently,the metal ion cross-linked hydrogels have gained enormous interest because of its excellent properties like self-healing,fast recovery,biocompatibility and high mechanical properties combined with multi-stimuli responsiveness.In this review article,we have summarized the recent trends in the development of metal ion cross-linked hydrogels for tissue engineering and biomedical applications.A number of metal ions and their contribution in the synthesis of various cross-linked hydrogels are discussed with respect to their crosslinking mechanisms,compositions,physio-chemical and biological properties.A special emphasis has been given to ferric(Fe^(3+))ion cross-linked hydrogels and their different combinations owing to their numerous researches reported in the recent past with exceptional properties.The application of these metal ion based hydrogels in biomedical applications including tissue engineering,sensing,wound healing,drug delivery and as tissue adhesive and tissue sealants are reviewed with specific examples.Importantly,the application of these metal ion cross-linked hydrogels as inks in 3 D printing is explained in a separate section.Finally,the possible toxic effects of the different metal ions and their effects have been scrutinized.Future directions and comprehensive applications of the hydrogels are highlighted.展开更多
The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue a...The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.展开更多
Gulf War Illness(GWI)is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that manifests largely as gastrointestinal symptoms.Among these gastrointestinal symptoms,motility disorders are highly prevalent,presenting as chronic...Gulf War Illness(GWI)is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that manifests largely as gastrointestinal symptoms.Among these gastrointestinal symptoms,motility disorders are highly prevalent,presenting as chronic constipation,stomach pain,indigestion,diarrhea,and other conditions that severely impact the quality of life of GWI veterans.However,despite a high prevalence of gastrointestinal impairments among these veterans,most research attention has focused on neurological disturbances.This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of current in vivo research advancements elucidating the underlying mechanisms contributing to gastrointestinal disorders in GWI.Generally,these in vivo and in vitro models propose that neuroinflammation alters gut motility and drives the gastrointestinal symptoms reported in GWI.Additionally,this perspective highlights the potential and challenges of in vitro bioengineering models,which could be a crucial contributor to understanding and treating the pathology of gastrointestinal related-GWI.展开更多
This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We syste...This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We systematically evaluate key deep learning architectures including convolutional neural networks(CNNs),recurrent neural networks(RNNs),transformer-based models,and hybrid systems across critical tasks such as arrhythmia classification,seizure detection,and anomaly segmentation.The study dissects preprocessing techniques(e.g.,wavelet denoising,spectral normalization)and feature extraction strategies(time-frequency analysis,attention mechanisms),demonstrating their impact on model accuracy,noise robustness,and computational efficiency.Experimental results underscore the superiority of deep learning over traditional methods,particularly in automated feature extraction,real-time processing,cross-modal generalization,and achieving up to a 15%increase in classification accuracy and enhanced noise resilience across electrocardiogram(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),and electromyogram(EMG)signals.Performance is rigorously benchmarked using precision,recall,F1-scores,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC),and computational complexitymetrics,providing a unified framework for comparing model efficacy.Thesurvey addresses persistent challenges:synthetic data generationmitigates limited training samples,interpretability tools(e.g.,Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM),Shapley values)resolve model opacity,and federated learning ensures privacy-compliant deployments.Distinguished from prior reviews,this work offers a structured taxonomy of deep learning architectures,integrates emerging paradigms like transformers and domain-specific attention mechanisms,and evaluates preprocessing pipelines for spectral-temporal trade-offs.It advances the field by bridging technical advancements with clinical needs,such as scalability in real-world settings(e.g.,wearable devices)and regulatory alignment with theHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)and General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR).By synthesizing technical rigor,ethical considerations,and actionable guidelines for model selection,this survey establishes a holistic reference for developing robust,interpretable biomedical artificial intelligence(AI)systems,accelerating their translation into personalized and equitable healthcare solutions.展开更多
Zinc(Zn)and its alloys are considered promising biodegradable metallic materials for biomedical implants.However,the correlation between the dynamic degradation evolution of Zn and its biocompatibility remains unclear...Zinc(Zn)and its alloys are considered promising biodegradable metallic materials for biomedical implants.However,the correlation between the dynamic degradation evolution of Zn and its biocompatibility remains unclear.This study evaluates the long-term degradation/corrosion behavior of pure Zn under dynamic immersion in Hank’s solution containing bovine serum albumin(BSA),and investigates the impact of its dynamic degradation evolution on cytocompatibilities of the representative human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Degradation behavior results demonstrate that the dynamic fluidic medium led to speeding-up of the corrosion rate of Zn and exacerbation of the localized corrosion,with this phenomenon being more pronounced under influence of BSA.Correspondingly,the cells’viability increased with prolonged immersion time under both static and dynamic conditions,alleviating a certain level of cytotoxicity initiated at an earlier stage.Nonetheless,as compared to the static cases the dynamic fluidic environments induced a poorer cell viability,although the BSA helped to offset this impact.Our findings provide not only new insights into better-understanding Zn-based biodegradable metals but also clarify the critical concern in their clinical translations,offering therefore important guidance for development of new biodegradable metallic medical implants.展开更多
The field of bone tissue engineering has experienced an increase in prevalence due to the inherent challenge of the natural regeneration of significant bone deformities.This investigation focused on the preparation of...The field of bone tissue engineering has experienced an increase in prevalence due to the inherent challenge of the natural regeneration of significant bone deformities.This investigation focused on the preparation of Three-Dimensional(3D)-printed Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds with varying proportions of Nanohydroxyapatite(NHA)and Nanoclay(NC),and their physiochemical and biological properties were assessed.The mechanical properties of PCL are satisfactory;however,its hydrophobic nature and long-term degradation hinder its use in scaffold fabrication.NHA and NC have been employed to improve the hydrophilic characteristics,mechanical strength,adhesive properties,biocompatibility,biodegradability,and osteoconductive behavior of PCL.The morphology results demonstrated 3D-printed structures with interconnected rectangular macropores and proper nanoparticle distribution.The sample containing 70 wt%NC showed the highest porosity(65.98±2.54%),leading to an increased degradation rate.The compressive strength ranged from 10.65±1.90 to 84.93±9.93 MPa,which is directly proportional to the compressive strength of cancellous bone(2–12 MPa).The wettability,water uptake,and biodegradability of PCL scaffolds considerably improved as the amount of NC increased.The results of the cellular assays exhibited increased proliferation,viability,and adhesion of MG-63 cells due to the addition of NHA and NC to the scaffolds.Finally,according to the in vitro results,it can be concluded that 3D-printed samples with higher amounts of NC can be regarded as a suitable scaffold for expediting the regeneration process of bone defects.展开更多
The advent of targeted T-cell therapy,with chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy as the most prominent example,has yielded significant clinical efficacy for both relapsed and refractory hematological malignanci...The advent of targeted T-cell therapy,with chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy as the most prominent example,has yielded significant clinical efficacy for both relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies.However,this form of T-cell immunotherapy is often accompanied by severe systemic toxicities,suboptimal response rates,and host immune rejection in clinical sethings,which detracts from its therapeutic utility.展开更多
Inspired by bacterial motility mechanisms,Magnetic Helical Miniature Robots(MHMRs)exhibit promising applications in biomedical fields due to their efficient locomotion and compatibility with biological tissues.In this...Inspired by bacterial motility mechanisms,Magnetic Helical Miniature Robots(MHMRs)exhibit promising applications in biomedical fields due to their efficient locomotion and compatibility with biological tissues.In this review,we systematically survey the basics of MHMRs,from propulsion mechanism,magnetization and control methods to biomedical applications,aiming to provide readers with an easily understandable overview and fundamental knowledge on implementing MHMRs.The MHMRs are actuated by rotating magnetic fields,achieving steering and rotation through magnetic torque,and converting rotation into forward motion through the helical structure.Magnetization methods for MHMRs are reviewed into three types:attaching magnets,magnetic coatings,and magnetic powder doping.Additionally,this review discusses the control methods for MHMRs,covering imaging techniques,path tracking control—including classical control algorithms and increasingly popular learning-based methods,and swarm control.Subsequently,a comprehensive survey is conducted on the biomedical applications of MHMRs in the treatment of vascular diseases,drug delivery,cell delivery,and their integration with catheters.We finally provide a perspective about future challenges in MHMR research,including enhancing functional design capabilities,developing swarm-assisted independent control mechanisms,refining in vivo imaging techniques,and ensuring robust biocompatibility for safe medical use.展开更多
文摘Al-Halabi is an intriguing ophthalmologist who invented numerous surgicalinstruments for treating various eye diseases. The illustrations of such instrumentsin his invaluable book “Kitab Al-Kafi fi Al-Kuhl” reflect his willingness toteach. Moreover, he included in his book a magnificent illustration of theanatomical structure of the eye. The book reflects Al-Halabi’s medical practice andteaching and shows several advanced medical techniques and tools. Hisinvaluable comments reflect his deep experimental observations in the field ofophthalmology. The current article provides proof that Al-Halabi is one of ourearly biomedical engineers from more than 800 years ago. Al-Halabi represents aring in the chain of biomedical engineering history. His surgical instrumentsrepresent the biomechanics field. Al-Halabi should be acknowledged among thebiomedical engineering students for his various contributions in the field ofsurgical instruments.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175446,51975133,51975597)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2021A1515011740,2019A1515011011)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(Grant No.JCYJ20170818163426597).
文摘Needles,as some of the most widely used medical devices,have been effectively applied in human disease prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Thin 1D needle can easily penetrate cells/organs by generating highly localized stress with their sharp tips to achieve bioliquid sampling,biosensing,drug delivery,surgery,and other such applications.In this review,we provide an overview of multiscale needle fabrication techniques and their biomedical applications.Needles are classified as nanoneedles,microneedles and millineedles based on the needle diameter,and their fabrication techniques are highlighted.Nanoneedles bridge the inside and outside of cells,achieving intracellular electrical recording,biochemical sensing,and drug delivery.Microneedles penetrate the stratum corneum layer to detect biomarkers/bioelectricity in interstitial fluid and deliver drugs through the skin into the human circulatory system.Millineedles,including puncture,syringe,acupuncture and suture needles,are presented.Finally,conclusions and future perspectives for next-generation nano/micro/milli needles are discussed.
文摘This paper expounds professional characteristics of biomedical engineering in our school, and analyses some problems lying in it, emphatically discusses advantages and the problems combining biomedical engineering with the medical courses in order to offer targeted solutions. It summarizes the results and problems so as to provide reference value to a new major.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.12425209)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11827803,12172034,62004056,62104058,62271269).
文摘The modern medical field faces two critical challenges:the dramatic increase in data complexity and the explosive growth in data size.Especially in current research,medical diagnostic,and data processing devices relying on traditional computer architecture are increasingly showing limitations when faced with dynamic temporal and spatial processing requirements,as well as high-dimensional data processing tasks.Neuromorphic devices provide a new way for biomedical data processing due to their low energy consumption and high dynamic information processing capabilities.This paper aims to reveal the advantages of neuromorphic devices in biomedical applications.First,this review emphasizes the urgent need of biomedical engineering for diversify clinical diagnostic techniques.Secondly,the feasibility of the application in biomedical engineering is demonstrated by reviewing the historical development of neuromorphic devices from basic modeling to multimodal signal processing.In addition,this paper demonstrates the great potential of neuromorphic chips for application in the fields of biosensing technology,medical image processing and generation,rehabilitation medical engineering,and brain-computer interfaces.Finally,this review provides the pathways for constructing standardized experimental protocols using biocompatible technologies,personalized treatment strategies,and systematic clinical validation.In summary,neuromorphic devices will drive technological innovation in the biomedical field and make significant contributions to life health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302422,12572342)Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement ENSIGN(101086226),NanoRam(101120146)and L4DNANO(101086227).
文摘ABSTRACT Melt electrowriting(MEW)enables the precise deposition of polymeric fibers at micro-/nanoscale,allowing for the fabrication of 3D biomimetic scaffolds.By incorporating stimuli-responsive polymers and/or functional fillers,MEW-based 4D printing creates scaffolds capable of undergoing controlled,reversible shape transformations in response to external stimuli over time.These dynamic 4D scaffolds can be tailored for minimally invasive delivery,remote actuation,and real-time responsiveness to physiological environments,making them highly relevant for biomedical applications.This review systematically elucidates the principles of MEW-based 4D printing,including material considerations,actuation methods,and structure design strategies,along with shape programming and morphing mechanisms.The versatility of MEW for rational fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds is firstly introduced.Subsequently,the critical elements underpinning MEW-based 4D printing process are overviewed,including an analysis of stimuli-responsive materials compatible with MEW,an evaluation of applicable external stimuli,and a discussion on the advancements in design strategies for 4D scaffolds.Recent progress of MEW 4D scaffolds for applications in tissue engineering,biomedical implants,and drug delivery systems are highlighted.Finally,key challenges and perspectives toward material innovation,fabrication optimization,and actuation control are discussed.This review aims to provide valuable insights for design and creation of multifunctional biomimetic dynamic scaffolds by MEW-based 4D printing.
基金supported by the School of Engineering and Digital Sciences of Nazarbayev University,Astana,Kazakhstan(to CE)。
文摘The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project of China(Nos.2022YFC2304205,2022YFC2304202)Key scientific research project of universities in Guangdong Province(No.2023KCXTD026)the Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory(No.GZNL2023A03002).
文摘Adjuvants enhance and prolong the immune response to therapeutic agents,such as drugs and vaccines.However,conventional adjuvants have limitations in terms of immune specificity and duration.Nanoadjuvants can leverage their nanoscale size to increase the capture efficacy of antigens by antigen-presenting cells and improve immunogen presentation for targeted delivery.Furthermore,noninvasive visualization of bifunctional nanoadjuvants with integrated efficacy and imaging postdelivery can provide insights into in vivo distribution and performance,aiding in the optimization and design of new dosage forms.This review systematically summarizes the structure,assembly,and function of nanoadjuvants alongside contrast agents.It delves into the impact of complex structures formed by nanoadjuvant-contrast agent interactions on antigen presentation,migration,imaging tracking,and visualization of immune cell recruitment.It also discusses how imaging can determine optimal immune intervals,vaccine safety,and toxicity while enabling diagnostic and therapeutic integration.Moreover,this paper discusses potential applications of novel adjuvants and promising imaging technologies that could have implications for future vaccine and drug development endeavors.
文摘We are thrilled to launch Med-X,a new international and high-quality open-access journal that publishes groundbreaking papers across the areas of biomedical engineering for the purpose of transforming modern medicine.Biomedical engineering applies principles of engineering to develop solutions for various health-related issues.It is the fastest-growing engineering discipline with unlimited potential and opportunities.Our journal aims to provide an interdisciplinary platform for communicating the latest important discoveries and innovations in basic and applied biomedical science and technology.We will accomplish this goal by publishing state-of-the-art research articles,rapid communications,case reports,reviews,perspectives,and commentaries.
基金This work was supported by City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant(SRG)No.7005264,Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding Scheme(TCFS)No.GHP/085/18SZ(CityU 9440230)Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Funds(GRF)No.CityU 11205617.
文摘As an important phenomenon to monitor disease development,cell signaling usually takes place at the interface between organisms/cells or between organisms/cells and abiotic materials.Therefore,finding a strategy to build the specific biomedical interfaces will help regulate information transmission and produce better therapeutic results to benefit patients.In the past decades,plasmas containing energetic and active species have been employed to construct various interfaces to meet biomedical demands such as bacteria inactivation,tissue regeneration,cancer therapy,and so on.Based on the potent functions of plasma modified surfaces,this mini-review is aimed to summarize the state-of-art plasma-activated interfaces and provide guidance to researchers to select the proper plasma and processing conditions to design and prepare interfaces with the optimal biological and related functions.After a brief introduction,plasma-activated interfaces are described and categorized according to different criteria including direct plasma-cells interfaces and indirect plasma-material-cells interfaces and recent research activities on the application of plasma-activated interfaces are described.The authors hope that this mini-review will spur interdisciplinary research efforts in this important area and expedite associated clinical applications.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,Z220015.
文摘Objective:To investigate the advancements achieved by biomedical engineering laboratories in China during 2023.Methods:A total of 729 articles were initially selected from the SCI database and categorized by image,signal,gene,and mechanics,with categories of quartile 1 or higher.Subsequently,52 representative articles were selected for this review.Results:The Chinese research team made significant strides in biomedical engineering in 2023,primarily in the following areas:traditional imaging technology,fluorescence labeling technology,photoacoustic imaging technology,neural interfaces and modulation,medical machinery,and medical materials.Significance:This review serves as an instructional manual for novices and an updated status report for experienced professionals.Additionally,comparing the achievements of Chinese teams with international teams may help shape future research directions in China.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(52172241,52173242,32201176,U20A20194)Hong Kong Research Grants Council(11215920,11218522,11218523,11308321,11308120)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019B1515120005)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(JCYJ20200109115424940)Science and Technology Foundation of Suzhou(ZXL2023203).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Diamond nanomaterials have attracted significant interest in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties.Their exceptional mechanical strength,chemical stability,biocompatibility,and high thermal conductivity make them ideal candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications.Various formats,including nanodiamonds,diamond nanofilms,and diamond nanoneedle arrays(DNNAs),have been fabricated and used,exhibiting remarkable stability and low cytotoxicity.In particular,high-aspect-ratio and highdensity DNNAs demonstrate promising potential for live cell manipulation and analysis because of their unique combination of mechanical robustness,chemical stability,and wellforged bio−nanointerfaces.On the other hand,the chemical stability of diamond material makes fabrication and functionalization challenging,which could be improved for their wider adoption.
基金supported by the Research Program funded by the SeoulTech(Seoul National University of Science and Technology)。
文摘Recently,the metal ion cross-linked hydrogels have gained enormous interest because of its excellent properties like self-healing,fast recovery,biocompatibility and high mechanical properties combined with multi-stimuli responsiveness.In this review article,we have summarized the recent trends in the development of metal ion cross-linked hydrogels for tissue engineering and biomedical applications.A number of metal ions and their contribution in the synthesis of various cross-linked hydrogels are discussed with respect to their crosslinking mechanisms,compositions,physio-chemical and biological properties.A special emphasis has been given to ferric(Fe^(3+))ion cross-linked hydrogels and their different combinations owing to their numerous researches reported in the recent past with exceptional properties.The application of these metal ion based hydrogels in biomedical applications including tissue engineering,sensing,wound healing,drug delivery and as tissue adhesive and tissue sealants are reviewed with specific examples.Importantly,the application of these metal ion cross-linked hydrogels as inks in 3 D printing is explained in a separate section.Finally,the possible toxic effects of the different metal ions and their effects have been scrutinized.Future directions and comprehensive applications of the hydrogels are highlighted.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81874059 and 82102105)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22H160017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702825).
文摘The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.
基金supported by the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program Award through the Gulf War Illness Research Program (SAR, W81XWH-21±1-0477)funding from the Aviles-Johnson Doctoral Diversity Fellowship Awardthe National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Awards (CAC)
文摘Gulf War Illness(GWI)is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that manifests largely as gastrointestinal symptoms.Among these gastrointestinal symptoms,motility disorders are highly prevalent,presenting as chronic constipation,stomach pain,indigestion,diarrhea,and other conditions that severely impact the quality of life of GWI veterans.However,despite a high prevalence of gastrointestinal impairments among these veterans,most research attention has focused on neurological disturbances.This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of current in vivo research advancements elucidating the underlying mechanisms contributing to gastrointestinal disorders in GWI.Generally,these in vivo and in vitro models propose that neuroinflammation alters gut motility and drives the gastrointestinal symptoms reported in GWI.Additionally,this perspective highlights the potential and challenges of in vitro bioengineering models,which could be a crucial contributor to understanding and treating the pathology of gastrointestinal related-GWI.
基金The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)funded this review study.
文摘This reviewpresents a comprehensive technical analysis of deep learning(DL)methodologies in biomedical signal processing,focusing on architectural innovations,experimental validation,and evaluation frameworks.We systematically evaluate key deep learning architectures including convolutional neural networks(CNNs),recurrent neural networks(RNNs),transformer-based models,and hybrid systems across critical tasks such as arrhythmia classification,seizure detection,and anomaly segmentation.The study dissects preprocessing techniques(e.g.,wavelet denoising,spectral normalization)and feature extraction strategies(time-frequency analysis,attention mechanisms),demonstrating their impact on model accuracy,noise robustness,and computational efficiency.Experimental results underscore the superiority of deep learning over traditional methods,particularly in automated feature extraction,real-time processing,cross-modal generalization,and achieving up to a 15%increase in classification accuracy and enhanced noise resilience across electrocardiogram(ECG),electroencephalogram(EEG),and electromyogram(EMG)signals.Performance is rigorously benchmarked using precision,recall,F1-scores,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC-ROC),and computational complexitymetrics,providing a unified framework for comparing model efficacy.Thesurvey addresses persistent challenges:synthetic data generationmitigates limited training samples,interpretability tools(e.g.,Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM),Shapley values)resolve model opacity,and federated learning ensures privacy-compliant deployments.Distinguished from prior reviews,this work offers a structured taxonomy of deep learning architectures,integrates emerging paradigms like transformers and domain-specific attention mechanisms,and evaluates preprocessing pipelines for spectral-temporal trade-offs.It advances the field by bridging technical advancements with clinical needs,such as scalability in real-world settings(e.g.,wearable devices)and regulatory alignment with theHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)and General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR).By synthesizing technical rigor,ethical considerations,and actionable guidelines for model selection,this survey establishes a holistic reference for developing robust,interpretable biomedical artificial intelligence(AI)systems,accelerating their translation into personalized and equitable healthcare solutions.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024YFHZ0310)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752092)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(No.A2402040)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20240813180905008).
文摘Zinc(Zn)and its alloys are considered promising biodegradable metallic materials for biomedical implants.However,the correlation between the dynamic degradation evolution of Zn and its biocompatibility remains unclear.This study evaluates the long-term degradation/corrosion behavior of pure Zn under dynamic immersion in Hank’s solution containing bovine serum albumin(BSA),and investigates the impact of its dynamic degradation evolution on cytocompatibilities of the representative human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Degradation behavior results demonstrate that the dynamic fluidic medium led to speeding-up of the corrosion rate of Zn and exacerbation of the localized corrosion,with this phenomenon being more pronounced under influence of BSA.Correspondingly,the cells’viability increased with prolonged immersion time under both static and dynamic conditions,alleviating a certain level of cytotoxicity initiated at an earlier stage.Nonetheless,as compared to the static cases the dynamic fluidic environments induced a poorer cell viability,although the BSA helped to offset this impact.Our findings provide not only new insights into better-understanding Zn-based biodegradable metals but also clarify the critical concern in their clinical translations,offering therefore important guidance for development of new biodegradable metallic medical implants.
文摘The field of bone tissue engineering has experienced an increase in prevalence due to the inherent challenge of the natural regeneration of significant bone deformities.This investigation focused on the preparation of Three-Dimensional(3D)-printed Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds with varying proportions of Nanohydroxyapatite(NHA)and Nanoclay(NC),and their physiochemical and biological properties were assessed.The mechanical properties of PCL are satisfactory;however,its hydrophobic nature and long-term degradation hinder its use in scaffold fabrication.NHA and NC have been employed to improve the hydrophilic characteristics,mechanical strength,adhesive properties,biocompatibility,biodegradability,and osteoconductive behavior of PCL.The morphology results demonstrated 3D-printed structures with interconnected rectangular macropores and proper nanoparticle distribution.The sample containing 70 wt%NC showed the highest porosity(65.98±2.54%),leading to an increased degradation rate.The compressive strength ranged from 10.65±1.90 to 84.93±9.93 MPa,which is directly proportional to the compressive strength of cancellous bone(2–12 MPa).The wettability,water uptake,and biodegradability of PCL scaffolds considerably improved as the amount of NC increased.The results of the cellular assays exhibited increased proliferation,viability,and adhesion of MG-63 cells due to the addition of NHA and NC to the scaffolds.Finally,according to the in vitro results,it can be concluded that 3D-printed samples with higher amounts of NC can be regarded as a suitable scaffold for expediting the regeneration process of bone defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173150)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program City-University Joint Funding Project(2023A03J0001)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20233297)。
文摘The advent of targeted T-cell therapy,with chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy as the most prominent example,has yielded significant clinical efficacy for both relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies.However,this form of T-cell immunotherapy is often accompanied by severe systemic toxicities,suboptimal response rates,and host immune rejection in clinical sethings,which detracts from its therapeutic utility.
基金the financial support from the Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing(RIAM)of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(project Nos.1-CD9F and 1-CDK3)the Research Grants Council(RGC)of Hong Kong(project Nos.25200424 and 15206223)+2 种基金the GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(project No.2023A1515110709)the Startup fund(project No.1-BE9L)of the Hong Kong Polytechnic Universitysupported by grant from the Research Committee of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University under student account code RN5Y.
文摘Inspired by bacterial motility mechanisms,Magnetic Helical Miniature Robots(MHMRs)exhibit promising applications in biomedical fields due to their efficient locomotion and compatibility with biological tissues.In this review,we systematically survey the basics of MHMRs,from propulsion mechanism,magnetization and control methods to biomedical applications,aiming to provide readers with an easily understandable overview and fundamental knowledge on implementing MHMRs.The MHMRs are actuated by rotating magnetic fields,achieving steering and rotation through magnetic torque,and converting rotation into forward motion through the helical structure.Magnetization methods for MHMRs are reviewed into three types:attaching magnets,magnetic coatings,and magnetic powder doping.Additionally,this review discusses the control methods for MHMRs,covering imaging techniques,path tracking control—including classical control algorithms and increasingly popular learning-based methods,and swarm control.Subsequently,a comprehensive survey is conducted on the biomedical applications of MHMRs in the treatment of vascular diseases,drug delivery,cell delivery,and their integration with catheters.We finally provide a perspective about future challenges in MHMR research,including enhancing functional design capabilities,developing swarm-assisted independent control mechanisms,refining in vivo imaging techniques,and ensuring robust biocompatibility for safe medical use.
