Spermiogenesis is a complex process leading to the formation of motile spermatozoa characterized by a highly stable chromatin compaction that transfers the paternal genome into the oocyte. It is commonly held that the...Spermiogenesis is a complex process leading to the formation of motile spermatozoa characterized by a highly stable chromatin compaction that transfers the paternal genome into the oocyte. It is commonly held that these haploid cells are devoid of transcriptional and translational activities and that the transcripts represent remnants of stored mRNAs. Recently, the chromatin organization of mature spermatozoa has been revisited as a double nucleoprotamine-nucleohistone structure possessing less-condensed regions sensitive to nuclease activity, which could be implicated in the expression of genes involved in the early embryo development. The existence of a complex population of mRNAs in human sperm is well-documented, but their role is not yet elucidated. Evidence for a latent transcriptional capacity and/or a potential de novo translation in mature spermatozoa from fertile men are essential for understanding the last steps of sperm maturation, such as capacitation and acrosome reaction. As such, we have documented the relationship between sperm quality and the distribution of sperm RNAs by showing divergent levels of transcripts encoding for proteins involved in either nuclear condensation （protamines 1 and 2） or in capacitation （eNOS and nNOS, c-myc） or in motility and sperm survival （aromatase） between low and high motile sperm issued from the same sample. Therefore, analyzing the profile of mRNAs could be helpful either as a diagnostic tool for evaluating male fertility after spermatogenesis or for prognosis use for fertilization.展开更多
<abstract>Aim: To observe the acute effect of the organophosphorous insecticide malathion on testicular function in mice. Methods: The effects of a single dose of malathion [240 mg/kg (1/12 LD50)] on plasma acet...<abstract>Aim: To observe the acute effect of the organophosphorous insecticide malathion on testicular function in mice. Methods: The effects of a single dose of malathion [240 mg/kg (1/12 LD50)] on plasma acetylcholinesterase (ACE) activity, spermatozoa (epididymal cauda counts and teratozoospermia), testis and plasma testosterone concentration) were evaluated at day 1,8, 16, 35 and 40 after treatment. Results: The sperm count was decreased significantly 24 h after treatment and teratozoospermia was increased at day 35 and 40. The height of the seminiferous epithelium and the diameter of tubular lumen were decreased at day 8. The percentage of tubular blockade was increased between day 8 and 35. A decrease in testosterone plasma level was observed at day 16 after treatment. Conclusion: Malathion damages male reproduction. The depletion of seminiferous tubules and the increase in teratozoospermia may be a genotoxic damage to the renewing spermatogonia, but the possibility of spermatogenic/ spermiogenic disfunction due to a decrease in the plasma testosterone level can not be ruled out.展开更多
Aim: To observe the cytotoxic effect of the organophosphate insecticide malathion in the reproductive tissues of the earthworms, Eisenia foetida. Methods: Worms were nourished in soil treated with malathion at single ...Aim: To observe the cytotoxic effect of the organophosphate insecticide malathion in the reproductive tissues of the earthworms, Eisenia foetida. Methods: Worms were nourished in soil treated with malathion at single sub-lethal doses of 0, 80, 150, 300 and 600 mg-kg^(-1) soil. (LD_(50) = 880 mg kg^(-1) soil) and evaluated on days 1, 5, 15 and 30 after exposure. The body weights were recorded and male reproductive organs evaluated. Results: Malathion-treated animals showed a significant reduction in body weight in a dose-dependent manner. Malathion treatment modified the disposition of spermatozoa in the basal epithelium of the spermatheca. The Br-deoxyuridine test showed a significant rise in cells in phase S on days 5 and 15. Also, a higher percentage of spermatogonia with fragmented DNA were observed by means of the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique in the spermatheca of treated animals. Conclusion: Treatment with malathion decreased the body weight and the spermatic viability in spermatheca, altering the cell proliferation and modifying the DNA structure of spermatogonia.展开更多
AIM： To analyze the polygraphic sleep patterns during cirrhosis progression in a rat model by repeated CCh administration. METHODS： Male Wistar rats received three weekly injections of CCl4 for 11 wk, and were analy...AIM： To analyze the polygraphic sleep patterns during cirrhosis progression in a rat model by repeated CCh administration. METHODS： Male Wistar rats received three weekly injections of CCl4 for 11 wk, and were analyzed before and during the induction of cirrhosis. Rats were im- planted with electrodes to record their sleep patterns. Polygraph recordings were made weekly over 11 wk for 8 h, during the light period. After a basal recording, rats received three weekly injections of CCl4. Histological confirmation of cirrhosis was performed after 11 wk. RESULTS： The results showed a progressive decrease in total wake time that reached statistical significance from the second week of treatment. In addition, there was an increase in total time of slow wave sleep （SWS）Ⅱ and rapid eye movement sleep （REM sleep） in most of the 11 wk. SWS I showed no significant variations. During the final weeks, a significant increase in REM sleep frequency was also observed. Histological analyses of the livers showed unequivocal signs of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION： These data suggest that hepatic failure produced by CCh administration is capable of modifying the sleep pattern even after only a few doses.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effects of reduced glutathione on the quality of cryopreserved Boer buck spermatozoa. Methods: The current study was carried out on five Boer bucks from which semen samples were collected by...Objective: To evaluate the effects of reduced glutathione on the quality of cryopreserved Boer buck spermatozoa. Methods: The current study was carried out on five Boer bucks from which semen samples were collected by artificial vagina. After microscopical evaluation at 37 ℃, semen samples that fulfill the ideal requirements for extension were diluted in a tris–based extender including different concentrations of reduced glutathione (2, 5, 7 and 10 mM) and those without glutathione served as a control. Sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, DNA integrity, total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation were assessed post-thawing. Results: The current results revealed that post-thawing motility, viability and acrosomal integrity were significantly improved [(66.67±5.50)%, 168.30±18.59 and (12.75±2.45)%, respectively] when 5 mM glutathione was added to semen extender;especially as compared with the control ((40.00 ±2.88)%, 95.00±8.90 and (25.75±3.46)%, respectively)Similarly, at this concentration (5 mM) sperm DNA damage, tail length and tail moment of cryopreserved semen were significantly (P<0.05) reduced [(2.32±0.27)%, (1.64±0.49) μm and 3.55±0.63, respectively] compared with the control extender ((6.66±0.84)%, (4.09±0.47) μm and 26.47±0.51, respectively)Moreover, addition of 5 mM glutathione to buck semen extender significantly (P<0.05) increased total antioxidant capacity [0.51±0.07) mμ/mL] and decreased lipid peroxidation of cryopreserved spermatozoa [(8.68±2.72) nmol/mL] compared with the control ((0.18±0.02) mμ/mL and (24.92±5.80) nmol/mL, respectively)Conclusions: The addition of 5 mM glutathione to semen diluent improve freezability of Boer buck spermatozoa through DNA protection from deterioration and oxidative stress reduction. Moreover, 10 mM of glutathione exerts cytotoxic effects on Boer buck semen.展开更多
The presence of high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in semen is a major factor involved in the decline of male fertility. In seminal plasma, ROS are mainly produced by activated leucocytes. Spermatozoa were the ...The presence of high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in semen is a major factor involved in the decline of male fertility. In seminal plasma, ROS are mainly produced by activated leucocytes. Spermatozoa were the first cell type reported to show a potential susceptibility to oxidative damage. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of leucocytospermia on basal and FMLP (Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine) induced oxidative status in semen of infertile men. We also analyzed the correlations of the spermatic parameters with amounts of ROS in semen. Our study included 50 semen samples of infertile men. Sperm analysis was performed using WHO standardized method. Seminal leucocytes were quantified using peroxidase technique. The measurement of ROS levels in semen was made by chemiluminescence assay. We measure respectively ROS amounts in neat semen and in washed sperm cells suspension from the same ejaculate. We also applied the test of provocation of leucocytes by FMLP on neat and washed samples to assess the spermatic oxidative status after leucocyte stimulation. Our results showed significant correlations between ROS levels in neat semen and many sperm parameters: motility, sperm concentration, leucocytes concentration and the rate of sperm cytoplasmic droplets. The studied samples were divided into 2 groups: (G1) composed of 36 samples without leucocytospermia and (G2) composed of 14 leucospermic samples. ROS levels were significantly lower in G1 than in G2 (p = 0.002). ROS production was significantly increased after application of FMLP in washed leucospermic samples (p = 0.001). The measurement of ROS in neat semen is a considerable contribution to explore the impairment of semen quality in infertile men. ROS levels in washed semen reflect the oxidative status generated by sperm preparation techniques used in assisted reproductive procedures. Levels of ROS are highly influenced by the presence of leucocytes and associated with decreased seminal parameters.展开更多
Dear Editor,Infertility affects about 48.5 million couples worldwide,and a male disorder is estimated to be a causative or contributing factor in 20%-50%of cases.^1 Notably,increasing data support the view that obese ...Dear Editor,Infertility affects about 48.5 million couples worldwide,and a male disorder is estimated to be a causative or contributing factor in 20%-50%of cases.^1 Notably,increasing data support the view that obese men are at higher risk of fertility disorders.^2 As is known,obesity is defined by an excess of white adipose tissue,currently recognized as being able to secrete many endocrinologically active molecules called adipokines.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species(ROS)production is a by-product of mitochondrial activity and is necessary for the acquisition of the capacitated state,a requirement for functional spermatozoa.However,an increase in oxidative ...Reactive oxygen species(ROS)production is a by-product of mitochondrial activity and is necessary for the acquisition of the capacitated state,a requirement for functional spermatozoa.However,an increase in oxidative stress,due to an abnormal production of ROS,has been shown to be related to loss of sperm function,highlighting the importance of an accurate detection of sperm ROS,given the specific nature of this cell.In this work,we tested a variety of commercially available fluorescent probes to detect ROS and reactive nitrogen species(RNS)in human sperm,to define their specificity.Using both flow cytometry(FC)and fluorescence microscopy(FM),we confirmed that MitoSOX™Red and dihydroethidium(DHE)detect superoxide anion(as determined using antimycin A as a positive control),while DAF-2A detects reactive nitrogen species(namely,nitric oxide).For the first time,we also report that RedoxSensor™Red CC-1,CellROX®Orange Reagent,and MitoPYl seem to be mostly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide,but not superoxide.Furthermore,mean fluorescence intensity(and not percentage of labeled cells)is the main parameter that can be reproducibly monitored using this type of methodology.展开更多
Objective:To enhance effectiveness of reproduction management in Arabian mares,factorsinfluencing the time of foaling were investigated in this study.Methods:Data were collectedat the National Haras of Tiaret in Alger...Objective:To enhance effectiveness of reproduction management in Arabian mares,factorsinfluencing the time of foaling were investigated in this study.Methods:Data were collectedat the National Haras of Tiaret in Algeria from 2003 to 2010.The foaling time of 255 Arabian purebred mares,aged from 3 to 20 years were used for this study.Results:A total of 78.07%of foalinghappens between 7 pm and 6 am.Conclusions:The influence of the month of foaling and the sexof the foal,on the time of foaling was statically significant.展开更多
Male fertility has been correlated to sperm counts,motility and morphology. Wyrobek et al (1983),evaluating changes in sperm morphology caused bychemicals (including some pesticides) found that analysisof teratozoospe...Male fertility has been correlated to sperm counts,motility and morphology. Wyrobek et al (1983),evaluating changes in sperm morphology caused bychemicals (including some pesticides) found that analysisof teratozoospermia is a useful tool to asses testiculartoxicants. In view of their wide agricultural use and scarcereproductive information available regarding organo-展开更多
Background: Considerable evidence points towards a significant role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of sperm dysfunction. OS as a result of an inappropriate balance between oxidants and antioxidants in th...Background: Considerable evidence points towards a significant role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of sperm dysfunction. OS as a result of an inappropriate balance between oxidants and antioxidants in the semen can cause DNA damage and lipid peroxidation leading to failure of conception, miscarriage or potentially even childhood cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a male antioxidant therapy can improve semen parameters and the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: A total of forty eight infertile couples were considered. Male participants were administrated Fertimax2 antioxidant treatment for at least two months prior to their partner’s IVF-ICSI cycle. Sperm parameters (volume, concentration, progressive motility) and the IVF-ICSI outcomes were compared before and after the antioxidant treatment. The primary outcome measures were oocyte fertilization, cleavage and good embryo quality rates;the secondary outcomes were biochemical pregnancies, clinical pregnancies and implantation rates. Results: The principal finding that emerged from this study was that antioxidant therapy resulted in significant improvements in fertilization (p = 00.2), cleavage (p = 0.004) and good-embryo quality (p = 0.002) rates accompanied by a marked increase in clinical pregnancy (18.7% versus 2.5%) and implantation (11.8% versus 1.02%) rates. No significant changes in routine sperm parameters were observed. Conclusion: The Fertimax2 antioxidant therapy appears to influence favorably chances of conception in couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment (ART).展开更多
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) is a common chronic disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain in certain anatomic locations. Even though Fibromyalgia’s prevalence and common symptoms in pregnant women are k...Fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) is a common chronic disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain in certain anatomic locations. Even though Fibromyalgia’s prevalence and common symptoms in pregnant women are known, many issues related to the consequences of mother’s fibromyalgia on pregnancy outcome have not been enough explored. The aim of this study is to highlight the relationship between fibromyalgia of women who gave birth and pregnancy outcome parameters like child delivery ways and newborn health. A first preliminary epidemiology study was thus carried out in the Bingerville general hospital. Our results showed that fibromyalgia was prevalent in women who gave birth as among 271 women who gave birth, 48.03% have fibromyalgia. A high frequency of women with fibromyalgia delivered by caesarian section (79.7%). Apgar score indicated that newborns of the study have a good vitality as the score is higher than or equal to 7 for the majority of newborns. A large number of newborns were apparently in good health (160/184) compared to unhealthy newborns (24/184). We saw that a large frequency of unhealthy newborns were born from women with fibromyalgia (14/24;58.3%) while a low proportion of apparently in good health newborns were born from women with fibromyalgia. Healthy newborns have not been observed. All together, these data highlight the prevalence of fibromyalgia in women who gave birth and a relationship between fibromyalgia of mother, delivery modality and newborn health. However, in the situation of newborns’ health, the link was not direct.展开更多
Fibromyalgia is a chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain and polyalgic syndrome, evolving for more than three months. Research on its consequences on fertility is therefore relevant to explore. The aim of this study...Fibromyalgia is a chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain and polyalgic syndrome, evolving for more than three months. Research on its consequences on fertility is therefore relevant to explore. The aim of this study is to highlight the relationship between fibromyalgia and some women’s diseases that induced infertility. The results showed that fibromyalgia is more common in 92.9% of patients wishing to procreate and 64.8% of patients with gynecological disorders. 70.7% of patients with menstrual disorder have fibromyalgia and 76.5% of fibromyalgia patients have myomas. Among ovarian pathologies, 76.5% of women with ovarian dystrophy have fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is also very prevalent in women with miscarriage (55.9%) and stillbirth history (90.1%). For all studied situations, a highly significant difference was observed (p < 0.000). All these data suggest that fibromyalgia is related to different situations that can induce infertility in women.展开更多
Aim of Study: Gonadal hormones exert a profound influence on the development, structure and function of the sexual organs. The testosterone is one of the androgens that plays an essential role in the development of se...Aim of Study: Gonadal hormones exert a profound influence on the development, structure and function of the sexual organs. The testosterone is one of the androgens that plays an essential role in the development of sexual organs in male mammals. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the testosterone levels and developmental pattern of the penile spines and seminiferous tubules during early postnatal life of Wistar rats. Methods and Materials: At 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days after birth, penile and testicular tissues of male rats were dissected out and fixed for histological study and plasma testosterone levels were determined using high resolution chromatography. Results: An increase in the number of penile follicles, primarily in the distal region of the penis, was observed from postnatal days 14 to 42, followed by a gradual decrease. Penile spines were absent from birth until the first growth peak, which was observed at 42 postnatal days. Both testicular weight and the area of seminiferous tubules showed gradual increases before achieving their highest values at 42 postnatal days. Similarly, a gradual increase in testosterone levels was detected from day 28, with a peak at 42 postnatal days. Conclusions: These data show a temporal association between the development of the penile spines and testicular tissue with gradual increases in testosterone levels. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the behavioral, hormonal and morphological changes underlying sexual maturation in male rats.展开更多
Aim: To explore the effect of exposure to commercial Parathion~ (Pc) on the reproductive parameters (sperm and cocoon production and genotoxicity on male germ cells), the survival, the body weight and the gross anatom...Aim: To explore the effect of exposure to commercial Parathion~ (Pc) on the reproductive parameters (sperm and cocoon production and genotoxicity on male germ cells), the survival, the body weight and the gross anatomical changes in Eiseniafoetida. Methods: Three doses of Pc(1478, 739 and 444 mg/kg of soil) and three time intervals of exposure (5, 15 and 30 days) were used. Results: All treated animals were affected. An acute genotoxic effect, revealed by DNA fragmentation (comet assay), was seen by 5 days. Alterations in reproductive parameters were conspicuous in regard to the number of sperm, cocoons and worms born, and the histological observation of the gonads and seminal receptacles. In addition, the body weight and survival rate were decreased. Neuromuscular function was also affected. Conclusion: Earthworms are suitable bioindicators of chemical contamination of the soil, their advantage being their easy and economical handling展开更多
Aim: To investigate the toxic effect of a single injection of the organophosphorous agropesticide, parathion, on sper-matogenesis in immature male mice. Methods: Seven-day old mice received a single injection of parat...Aim: To investigate the toxic effect of a single injection of the organophosphorous agropesticide, parathion, on sper-matogenesis in immature male mice. Methods: Seven-day old mice received a single injection of parathion intraperi-toneally at a dose of 1/3 LD_50. The epididymal sperm count, sperm morphology and chromatin thermal stability wereanalyzed 28 and 50 days after injection. Results: Sperm counts were decreased and teratozoospermia and thermal de-naturation of DNA increased after parathion injection. Sperm parameters were changed to a greater extent in younger an-imals, denoting a higher lability of spermatogenic process at its beginning. The damages could recover a long time afterparathion administration. Conclusion: Organophosphorous agropesticides are testicular toxicants, eliciting reversiblecytotoxic and cytogenetic alterations in germ cells.展开更多
Dear Editor, In its latest edition, the World Health Organization （WHO） provides guidelines regarding the standardization of techniques for the measurement of sperm concentrationI and recommends use of a 100 μm-de...Dear Editor, In its latest edition, the World Health Organization （WHO） provides guidelines regarding the standardization of techniques for the measurement of sperm concentrationI and recommends use of a 100 μm-deep hemocytometer. However, these instructions are not always followed correctly.2 Furthermore, although hemocytometers provide more accurate and consistent results, they present several drawbacks： the chamber must be properly assembled prior to its use so as to ensure that the counts are correct and it needs to be cleaned thoroughly to remove all traces of sperm, which risks breaking the glass coverslip.展开更多
The role of oxidative stress in female reproduction is becoming increasingly important, as recent evidence suggests that it has been implicated in the pathology of infertility of both known and idiopathic origin. Alth...The role of oxidative stress in female reproduction is becoming increasingly important, as recent evidence suggests that it has been implicated in the pathology of infertility of both known and idiopathic origin. Although its efficacy has yet to be well established, supplementation with antioxidants is a new tool being developed in the therapeutic armamentarium for female-factor infertility. We present a case of a spontaneous viable pregnancy in a 37-year-old patient with a history of two consequent In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) failures, occurring after a 5-month antioxidant treatment. This report suggests that oral antioxidants supplementation in female patients may provide an alternative or adjunct to conventional fertility therapies and improve their chances of becoming pregnant.展开更多
Purpose: Insufficient epidemiological data on the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities may hamper investments in research and interventions for better prevention and treatment of these major threats to the populati...Purpose: Insufficient epidemiological data on the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities may hamper investments in research and interventions for better prevention and treatment of these major threats to the population in numerous countries. The aim of this literature review is to contribute to the popularization of cytogenetics. Methodology: This literature review is a text which contains, analyzes and organizes several referenced articles in French and English which have been selected from electronic databases. It provides a documentation of various activities and progress that have an interest in the field of cytogenetics. Results: In the context of cytogenetics, it is necessary to establish partnerships to strengthen infrastructures and produce quality results. The setting up of cytogenetic services and incentives for participatory research give space to the community in the production of knowledge and innovation, alongside researchers. It’s important to create biobanks, where samples of substances from the human body are collected for use in research into the causes and mechanisms of many diseases and their treatments. To carry out clinical trials aims at assessing the effectiveness of a therapeutic strategy, as is currently the case with the use of cytogenetic tests (karyotype, FISH, etc.) as tool of therapeutic decision and prognostic in cancer biology. The monitoring of the ethic of cytogenetic research projects allows protecting rights, security and welfare of subjects. To solve issues of data management and analysis such as the obstacle to the acquisition of tools and the insufficiency in the training of researchers. Furthermore, dissemination of research results will lead to better understanding of research results, greater public engagement in science and greater social respect for research. Conclusion: Cytogenetics can benefit from these actions such as the development of its research infrastructures and training programs for its workforce as well as the development of its clinical care. All this would have an impact on the population’s state of health.展开更多
文摘Spermiogenesis is a complex process leading to the formation of motile spermatozoa characterized by a highly stable chromatin compaction that transfers the paternal genome into the oocyte. It is commonly held that these haploid cells are devoid of transcriptional and translational activities and that the transcripts represent remnants of stored mRNAs. Recently, the chromatin organization of mature spermatozoa has been revisited as a double nucleoprotamine-nucleohistone structure possessing less-condensed regions sensitive to nuclease activity, which could be implicated in the expression of genes involved in the early embryo development. The existence of a complex population of mRNAs in human sperm is well-documented, but their role is not yet elucidated. Evidence for a latent transcriptional capacity and/or a potential de novo translation in mature spermatozoa from fertile men are essential for understanding the last steps of sperm maturation, such as capacitation and acrosome reaction. As such, we have documented the relationship between sperm quality and the distribution of sperm RNAs by showing divergent levels of transcripts encoding for proteins involved in either nuclear condensation （protamines 1 and 2） or in capacitation （eNOS and nNOS, c-myc） or in motility and sperm survival （aromatase） between low and high motile sperm issued from the same sample. Therefore, analyzing the profile of mRNAs could be helpful either as a diagnostic tool for evaluating male fertility after spermatogenesis or for prognosis use for fertilization.
文摘<abstract>Aim: To observe the acute effect of the organophosphorous insecticide malathion on testicular function in mice. Methods: The effects of a single dose of malathion [240 mg/kg (1/12 LD50)] on plasma acetylcholinesterase (ACE) activity, spermatozoa (epididymal cauda counts and teratozoospermia), testis and plasma testosterone concentration) were evaluated at day 1,8, 16, 35 and 40 after treatment. Results: The sperm count was decreased significantly 24 h after treatment and teratozoospermia was increased at day 35 and 40. The height of the seminiferous epithelium and the diameter of tubular lumen were decreased at day 8. The percentage of tubular blockade was increased between day 8 and 35. A decrease in testosterone plasma level was observed at day 16 after treatment. Conclusion: Malathion damages male reproduction. The depletion of seminiferous tubules and the increase in teratozoospermia may be a genotoxic damage to the renewing spermatogonia, but the possibility of spermatogenic/ spermiogenic disfunction due to a decrease in the plasma testosterone level can not be ruled out.
文摘Aim: To observe the cytotoxic effect of the organophosphate insecticide malathion in the reproductive tissues of the earthworms, Eisenia foetida. Methods: Worms were nourished in soil treated with malathion at single sub-lethal doses of 0, 80, 150, 300 and 600 mg-kg^(-1) soil. (LD_(50) = 880 mg kg^(-1) soil) and evaluated on days 1, 5, 15 and 30 after exposure. The body weights were recorded and male reproductive organs evaluated. Results: Malathion-treated animals showed a significant reduction in body weight in a dose-dependent manner. Malathion treatment modified the disposition of spermatozoa in the basal epithelium of the spermatheca. The Br-deoxyuridine test showed a significant rise in cells in phase S on days 5 and 15. Also, a higher percentage of spermatogonia with fragmented DNA were observed by means of the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique in the spermatheca of treated animals. Conclusion: Treatment with malathion decreased the body weight and the spermatic viability in spermatheca, altering the cell proliferation and modifying the DNA structure of spermatogonia.
基金Supported by Grant 50633 from CONACyT to Jiménez-Anguiano A
文摘AIM： To analyze the polygraphic sleep patterns during cirrhosis progression in a rat model by repeated CCh administration. METHODS： Male Wistar rats received three weekly injections of CCl4 for 11 wk, and were analyzed before and during the induction of cirrhosis. Rats were im- planted with electrodes to record their sleep patterns. Polygraph recordings were made weekly over 11 wk for 8 h, during the light period. After a basal recording, rats received three weekly injections of CCl4. Histological confirmation of cirrhosis was performed after 11 wk. RESULTS： The results showed a progressive decrease in total wake time that reached statistical significance from the second week of treatment. In addition, there was an increase in total time of slow wave sleep （SWS）Ⅱ and rapid eye movement sleep （REM sleep） in most of the 11 wk. SWS I showed no significant variations. During the final weeks, a significant increase in REM sleep frequency was also observed. Histological analyses of the livers showed unequivocal signs of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION： These data suggest that hepatic failure produced by CCh administration is capable of modifying the sleep pattern even after only a few doses.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effects of reduced glutathione on the quality of cryopreserved Boer buck spermatozoa. Methods: The current study was carried out on five Boer bucks from which semen samples were collected by artificial vagina. After microscopical evaluation at 37 ℃, semen samples that fulfill the ideal requirements for extension were diluted in a tris–based extender including different concentrations of reduced glutathione (2, 5, 7 and 10 mM) and those without glutathione served as a control. Sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, DNA integrity, total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation were assessed post-thawing. Results: The current results revealed that post-thawing motility, viability and acrosomal integrity were significantly improved [(66.67±5.50)%, 168.30±18.59 and (12.75±2.45)%, respectively] when 5 mM glutathione was added to semen extender;especially as compared with the control ((40.00 ±2.88)%, 95.00±8.90 and (25.75±3.46)%, respectively)Similarly, at this concentration (5 mM) sperm DNA damage, tail length and tail moment of cryopreserved semen were significantly (P<0.05) reduced [(2.32±0.27)%, (1.64±0.49) μm and 3.55±0.63, respectively] compared with the control extender ((6.66±0.84)%, (4.09±0.47) μm and 26.47±0.51, respectively)Moreover, addition of 5 mM glutathione to buck semen extender significantly (P<0.05) increased total antioxidant capacity [0.51±0.07) mμ/mL] and decreased lipid peroxidation of cryopreserved spermatozoa [(8.68±2.72) nmol/mL] compared with the control ((0.18±0.02) mμ/mL and (24.92±5.80) nmol/mL, respectively)Conclusions: The addition of 5 mM glutathione to semen diluent improve freezability of Boer buck spermatozoa through DNA protection from deterioration and oxidative stress reduction. Moreover, 10 mM of glutathione exerts cytotoxic effects on Boer buck semen.
文摘The presence of high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in semen is a major factor involved in the decline of male fertility. In seminal plasma, ROS are mainly produced by activated leucocytes. Spermatozoa were the first cell type reported to show a potential susceptibility to oxidative damage. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of leucocytospermia on basal and FMLP (Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine) induced oxidative status in semen of infertile men. We also analyzed the correlations of the spermatic parameters with amounts of ROS in semen. Our study included 50 semen samples of infertile men. Sperm analysis was performed using WHO standardized method. Seminal leucocytes were quantified using peroxidase technique. The measurement of ROS levels in semen was made by chemiluminescence assay. We measure respectively ROS amounts in neat semen and in washed sperm cells suspension from the same ejaculate. We also applied the test of provocation of leucocytes by FMLP on neat and washed samples to assess the spermatic oxidative status after leucocyte stimulation. Our results showed significant correlations between ROS levels in neat semen and many sperm parameters: motility, sperm concentration, leucocytes concentration and the rate of sperm cytoplasmic droplets. The studied samples were divided into 2 groups: (G1) composed of 36 samples without leucocytospermia and (G2) composed of 14 leucospermic samples. ROS levels were significantly lower in G1 than in G2 (p = 0.002). ROS production was significantly increased after application of FMLP in washed leucospermic samples (p = 0.001). The measurement of ROS in neat semen is a considerable contribution to explore the impairment of semen quality in infertile men. ROS levels in washed semen reflect the oxidative status generated by sperm preparation techniques used in assisted reproductive procedures. Levels of ROS are highly influenced by the presence of leucocytes and associated with decreased seminal parameters.
文摘Dear Editor,Infertility affects about 48.5 million couples worldwide,and a male disorder is estimated to be a causative or contributing factor in 20%-50%of cases.^1 Notably,increasing data support the view that obese men are at higher risk of fertility disorders.^2 As is known,obesity is defined by an excess of white adipose tissue,currently recognized as being able to secrete many endocrinologically active molecules called adipokines.
基金the Portuguese funding agency for science and technology(PD/BD/128237/2016-PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine)CNC is funded by FEDER,through Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade-COMPETE 2020 and National funds via FCT under the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440+1 种基金the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF),through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme:project CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020,the COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisationthe Portuguese national funds via FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology LP:project POCI-01-0145-FEDER 007440 and UID/NEU/04539/2019.
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)production is a by-product of mitochondrial activity and is necessary for the acquisition of the capacitated state,a requirement for functional spermatozoa.However,an increase in oxidative stress,due to an abnormal production of ROS,has been shown to be related to loss of sperm function,highlighting the importance of an accurate detection of sperm ROS,given the specific nature of this cell.In this work,we tested a variety of commercially available fluorescent probes to detect ROS and reactive nitrogen species(RNS)in human sperm,to define their specificity.Using both flow cytometry(FC)and fluorescence microscopy(FM),we confirmed that MitoSOX™Red and dihydroethidium(DHE)detect superoxide anion(as determined using antimycin A as a positive control),while DAF-2A detects reactive nitrogen species(namely,nitric oxide).For the first time,we also report that RedoxSensor™Red CC-1,CellROX®Orange Reagent,and MitoPYl seem to be mostly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide,but not superoxide.Furthermore,mean fluorescence intensity(and not percentage of labeled cells)is the main parameter that can be reproducibly monitored using this type of methodology.
基金Supported by project CNEPRU,Institute of Veterinary Sciences,University Ibn-Khaldoun(TIARET)Algeria(Grant No.F001 2010/0016)
文摘Objective:To enhance effectiveness of reproduction management in Arabian mares,factorsinfluencing the time of foaling were investigated in this study.Methods:Data were collectedat the National Haras of Tiaret in Algeria from 2003 to 2010.The foaling time of 255 Arabian purebred mares,aged from 3 to 20 years were used for this study.Results:A total of 78.07%of foalinghappens between 7 pm and 6 am.Conclusions:The influence of the month of foaling and the sexof the foal,on the time of foaling was statically significant.
文摘Male fertility has been correlated to sperm counts,motility and morphology. Wyrobek et al (1983),evaluating changes in sperm morphology caused bychemicals (including some pesticides) found that analysisof teratozoospermia is a useful tool to asses testiculartoxicants. In view of their wide agricultural use and scarcereproductive information available regarding organo-
文摘Background: Considerable evidence points towards a significant role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of sperm dysfunction. OS as a result of an inappropriate balance between oxidants and antioxidants in the semen can cause DNA damage and lipid peroxidation leading to failure of conception, miscarriage or potentially even childhood cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a male antioxidant therapy can improve semen parameters and the results of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: A total of forty eight infertile couples were considered. Male participants were administrated Fertimax2 antioxidant treatment for at least two months prior to their partner’s IVF-ICSI cycle. Sperm parameters (volume, concentration, progressive motility) and the IVF-ICSI outcomes were compared before and after the antioxidant treatment. The primary outcome measures were oocyte fertilization, cleavage and good embryo quality rates;the secondary outcomes were biochemical pregnancies, clinical pregnancies and implantation rates. Results: The principal finding that emerged from this study was that antioxidant therapy resulted in significant improvements in fertilization (p = 00.2), cleavage (p = 0.004) and good-embryo quality (p = 0.002) rates accompanied by a marked increase in clinical pregnancy (18.7% versus 2.5%) and implantation (11.8% versus 1.02%) rates. No significant changes in routine sperm parameters were observed. Conclusion: The Fertimax2 antioxidant therapy appears to influence favorably chances of conception in couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment (ART).
文摘Fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) is a common chronic disease characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain in certain anatomic locations. Even though Fibromyalgia’s prevalence and common symptoms in pregnant women are known, many issues related to the consequences of mother’s fibromyalgia on pregnancy outcome have not been enough explored. The aim of this study is to highlight the relationship between fibromyalgia of women who gave birth and pregnancy outcome parameters like child delivery ways and newborn health. A first preliminary epidemiology study was thus carried out in the Bingerville general hospital. Our results showed that fibromyalgia was prevalent in women who gave birth as among 271 women who gave birth, 48.03% have fibromyalgia. A high frequency of women with fibromyalgia delivered by caesarian section (79.7%). Apgar score indicated that newborns of the study have a good vitality as the score is higher than or equal to 7 for the majority of newborns. A large number of newborns were apparently in good health (160/184) compared to unhealthy newborns (24/184). We saw that a large frequency of unhealthy newborns were born from women with fibromyalgia (14/24;58.3%) while a low proportion of apparently in good health newborns were born from women with fibromyalgia. Healthy newborns have not been observed. All together, these data highlight the prevalence of fibromyalgia in women who gave birth and a relationship between fibromyalgia of mother, delivery modality and newborn health. However, in the situation of newborns’ health, the link was not direct.
文摘Fibromyalgia is a chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain and polyalgic syndrome, evolving for more than three months. Research on its consequences on fertility is therefore relevant to explore. The aim of this study is to highlight the relationship between fibromyalgia and some women’s diseases that induced infertility. The results showed that fibromyalgia is more common in 92.9% of patients wishing to procreate and 64.8% of patients with gynecological disorders. 70.7% of patients with menstrual disorder have fibromyalgia and 76.5% of fibromyalgia patients have myomas. Among ovarian pathologies, 76.5% of women with ovarian dystrophy have fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is also very prevalent in women with miscarriage (55.9%) and stillbirth history (90.1%). For all studied situations, a highly significant difference was observed (p < 0.000). All these data suggest that fibromyalgia is related to different situations that can induce infertility in women.
文摘Aim of Study: Gonadal hormones exert a profound influence on the development, structure and function of the sexual organs. The testosterone is one of the androgens that plays an essential role in the development of sexual organs in male mammals. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the testosterone levels and developmental pattern of the penile spines and seminiferous tubules during early postnatal life of Wistar rats. Methods and Materials: At 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days after birth, penile and testicular tissues of male rats were dissected out and fixed for histological study and plasma testosterone levels were determined using high resolution chromatography. Results: An increase in the number of penile follicles, primarily in the distal region of the penis, was observed from postnatal days 14 to 42, followed by a gradual decrease. Penile spines were absent from birth until the first growth peak, which was observed at 42 postnatal days. Both testicular weight and the area of seminiferous tubules showed gradual increases before achieving their highest values at 42 postnatal days. Similarly, a gradual increase in testosterone levels was detected from day 28, with a peak at 42 postnatal days. Conclusions: These data show a temporal association between the development of the penile spines and testicular tissue with gradual increases in testosterone levels. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the behavioral, hormonal and morphological changes underlying sexual maturation in male rats.
文摘Aim: To explore the effect of exposure to commercial Parathion~ (Pc) on the reproductive parameters (sperm and cocoon production and genotoxicity on male germ cells), the survival, the body weight and the gross anatomical changes in Eiseniafoetida. Methods: Three doses of Pc(1478, 739 and 444 mg/kg of soil) and three time intervals of exposure (5, 15 and 30 days) were used. Results: All treated animals were affected. An acute genotoxic effect, revealed by DNA fragmentation (comet assay), was seen by 5 days. Alterations in reproductive parameters were conspicuous in regard to the number of sperm, cocoons and worms born, and the histological observation of the gonads and seminal receptacles. In addition, the body weight and survival rate were decreased. Neuromuscular function was also affected. Conclusion: Earthworms are suitable bioindicators of chemical contamination of the soil, their advantage being their easy and economical handling
文摘Aim: To investigate the toxic effect of a single injection of the organophosphorous agropesticide, parathion, on sper-matogenesis in immature male mice. Methods: Seven-day old mice received a single injection of parathion intraperi-toneally at a dose of 1/3 LD_50. The epididymal sperm count, sperm morphology and chromatin thermal stability wereanalyzed 28 and 50 days after injection. Results: Sperm counts were decreased and teratozoospermia and thermal de-naturation of DNA increased after parathion injection. Sperm parameters were changed to a greater extent in younger an-imals, denoting a higher lability of spermatogenic process at its beginning. The damages could recover a long time afterparathion administration. Conclusion: Organophosphorous agropesticides are testicular toxicants, eliciting reversiblecytotoxic and cytogenetic alterations in germ cells.
文摘Dear Editor, In its latest edition, the World Health Organization （WHO） provides guidelines regarding the standardization of techniques for the measurement of sperm concentrationI and recommends use of a 100 μm-deep hemocytometer. However, these instructions are not always followed correctly.2 Furthermore, although hemocytometers provide more accurate and consistent results, they present several drawbacks： the chamber must be properly assembled prior to its use so as to ensure that the counts are correct and it needs to be cleaned thoroughly to remove all traces of sperm, which risks breaking the glass coverslip.
文摘The role of oxidative stress in female reproduction is becoming increasingly important, as recent evidence suggests that it has been implicated in the pathology of infertility of both known and idiopathic origin. Although its efficacy has yet to be well established, supplementation with antioxidants is a new tool being developed in the therapeutic armamentarium for female-factor infertility. We present a case of a spontaneous viable pregnancy in a 37-year-old patient with a history of two consequent In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) failures, occurring after a 5-month antioxidant treatment. This report suggests that oral antioxidants supplementation in female patients may provide an alternative or adjunct to conventional fertility therapies and improve their chances of becoming pregnant.
文摘Purpose: Insufficient epidemiological data on the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities may hamper investments in research and interventions for better prevention and treatment of these major threats to the population in numerous countries. The aim of this literature review is to contribute to the popularization of cytogenetics. Methodology: This literature review is a text which contains, analyzes and organizes several referenced articles in French and English which have been selected from electronic databases. It provides a documentation of various activities and progress that have an interest in the field of cytogenetics. Results: In the context of cytogenetics, it is necessary to establish partnerships to strengthen infrastructures and produce quality results. The setting up of cytogenetic services and incentives for participatory research give space to the community in the production of knowledge and innovation, alongside researchers. It’s important to create biobanks, where samples of substances from the human body are collected for use in research into the causes and mechanisms of many diseases and their treatments. To carry out clinical trials aims at assessing the effectiveness of a therapeutic strategy, as is currently the case with the use of cytogenetic tests (karyotype, FISH, etc.) as tool of therapeutic decision and prognostic in cancer biology. The monitoring of the ethic of cytogenetic research projects allows protecting rights, security and welfare of subjects. To solve issues of data management and analysis such as the obstacle to the acquisition of tools and the insufficiency in the training of researchers. Furthermore, dissemination of research results will lead to better understanding of research results, greater public engagement in science and greater social respect for research. Conclusion: Cytogenetics can benefit from these actions such as the development of its research infrastructures and training programs for its workforce as well as the development of its clinical care. All this would have an impact on the population’s state of health.
