Organic agriculture is gaining momentum in the Philippines as consumers become more health- and environment-conscious. This study investigated soil fertility based on soil chemistry and biological properties of organi...Organic agriculture is gaining momentum in the Philippines as consumers become more health- and environment-conscious. This study investigated soil fertility based on soil chemistry and biological properties of organic vegetable farms in Sariaya, Quezon Province and Los Baños, Laguna Province, with the aim of developing organic agriculture in the Philippines. We utilized the SOFIX (Soil Fertility Index) technology, which is designed to evaluate soil fertility by focusing on the activity and diversity of microbial communities in the soil. This technology provides a scientific assessment of soil health, aiming to contribute to sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation. Soil fertility parameters from four different farms cultivating outdoor organic vegetables were below the recommended values for organic production. Essential macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and total carbon content, which is indicative of soil organic matter, were insufficient. Bacterial biomass for soil organic matter decomposition, and nitrogen and phosphorus circulation was inadequate. These results indicated that organic plots lack the fertility needed for optimal organic crop growth. The poor fertility of these organic plots could be attributed to their recent shift from conventional cultivation, which used synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers, to organic cultivation approximately seven years ago. This shift may harm soil microorganisms, leading to decreased fertility, nutrient availability and hindering the ability to sustain organic production. Overall, the findings of this case study emphasize the significant soil fertility challenges on organic vegetable farms. Therefore, farmers and agricultural practitioners must adopt appropriate soil management practices to improve soil fertility, microbial populations, nutrient availability, and overall soil health for successful organic production.展开更多
Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts,primarily by infiltrating lymphocytes,and has limited therapeutic options.A growing ...Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts,primarily by infiltrating lymphocytes,and has limited therapeutic options.A growing body of evidence suggests that nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)can suppress autoreactive lymphocytes and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels in various autoimmune diseases.In a recent study,Yang et al investigated the therapeutic effects of ImmTOR in a mouse model of PBC.ImmTOR treatment reduced the expression and number of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and B cells isolated from the liver and spleen,improved liver inflammation and enzyme levels,and was associated with a concomitant decrease in anti-mitochondrial antibody levels.In this editorial,we highlight the significance of these findings,focusing on the potential mechanisms by which ImmTOR suppresses hepatic autoreactive T cells and reduces anti-mitochondrial antibody levels,ultimately improving liver pa-thology,through pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and autophagy restoration.We also offer a perspective on future research di-rections for PBC in both animal models and in vitro studies.展开更多
The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistan...The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.展开更多
Insects are suitable model organisms for functional morphology research,especially in the context of exaptation,when the same morphological trait represents an advantage in disparate niches.Phylogenetically distant gr...Insects are suitable model organisms for functional morphology research,especially in the context of exaptation,when the same morphological trait represents an advantage in disparate niches.Phylogenetically distant groups of pygmy grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae)have various pronotal projections defining their general appearance and body shape.However,body shape has never been related to niche occupation in these insects,thus the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between pronotum shape and macrohabitat adaptation in Scelimeninae,a group of Asian and Papuan tetrigids encompassing amphibious and corticolous(bark-dwelling)representatives.With the use of geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods,two morphological and functional groups were distinguished,with the body shape exhibiting a significant phylogenetic signal.The first group consists of elongated amphibious taxa(Scelimenini tribe)with highly uniform pronotum morphology,likely due to a strong selection for streamlined body shape.Stouter corticolous taxa(Discotettigini tribe)exhibit more conspicuous body shape variability,possibly increasing camouflage efficiency in tree bark habitats.Ecological divergence associated with macrohabitat adaptation may thus have been the primary driver of speciation in this insect group,but the evolutionary constraints leading to this divergence are still to be identified.展开更多
Objective:The effectiveness of chemotherapy is affected by tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms;however,there are certain limitations.Electroacupuncture can regulate the tumor immune response and restore...Objective:The effectiveness of chemotherapy is affected by tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms;however,there are certain limitations.Electroacupuncture can regulate the tumor immune response and restore bone marrow hematopoietic function,which is affected by chemotherapy.This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of electroacupuncture combined with cisplatin in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer mice.Methods:To establish a mouse model of non-small-cell lung cancer,gene sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis,flow cytometry,and liquid-phase chips was used to observe the expression of immune cells and related factors in the mouse tumor microenvironment.Flow cytometry was used to observe subpopulations of mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells.PAC1 receptor agonists were used to observe mouse tumor immunity and bone marrow hematopoiesis-related indicators.Results:The combination of electroacupuncture with high-and low-dose chemotherapy had a better tumor-suppressive effect.Electroacupuncture can affect the gene expression profile of immune cells,especially the expression levels of Ccr1,Cxcr5,Zbp1,and CamkIIα,and increases the levels of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin(IL)-2 protein,upregulating the levels of cytokines Ccl4,Ccl3,and IL-6 in the tumor tissue.Additionally,electroacupuncture enhanced the infiltration of CD8+T cells,dendritic cells,and M1-type macrophages at the tumor site,and reduced the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells.Furthermore,electroacupuncture remodels the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment after chemotherapy by increasing the number of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell subsets,leukocytes,and subpopulations in the peripheral blood.PAC1 receptor agonists have similar effects to those of electroacupuncture on hematopoietic protection and tumor immunity after chemotherapy.Conclusions:Electroacupuncture may improve chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression,reshape the tumor microenvironment immune response affected by chemotherapy,and change the tumor immune microenvironment to an anti-tumor mode by regulating tumor local immune-related cytokines.The PAC1 receptor may be a drug target for the treatment of myelosuppression and immunosuppression in patients with tumors.展开更多
利用神舟8号飞船的SIMBOX发射机会,对真实微重力影响裸藻光合作用活性进行了研究.我们发现,微重力降低了光合活性(Fv/Fm),提高了细胞内叶绿素a和胡萝卜素含量.快速叶绿素荧光动力学研究显示微重力降低了叶绿素荧光强度,但快速叶绿素荧...利用神舟8号飞船的SIMBOX发射机会,对真实微重力影响裸藻光合作用活性进行了研究.我们发现,微重力降低了光合活性(Fv/Fm),提高了细胞内叶绿素a和胡萝卜素含量.快速叶绿素荧光动力学研究显示微重力降低了叶绿素荧光强度,但快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线的形状(O-J-I-P)没有改变.在微重力处理下裸藻的最大光化学效率(φPo)、用于电子传递的量子产额(φEo)和光合作用性能指数(PIABS and PICS)都明显降低,但单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)和单位反应中心耗散的能量(DIo/RC)都明显升高.77K低温荧光光谱实现微重力改变了能量在PSⅠ和PSⅡ之间的分配并出现了红移现象.这些结果表明真实微重力降低光合作用的活性有可能通过两个途径,即抑制裸藻抑制光合电子传递中PSⅡ的受体端和改变PSⅠ的结构从而引起流向PSⅠ的能量传递减少.展开更多
microRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous triggers of the RNA interference pathway. Studies have shown that thousands of human protein-coding genes are regulated by miRNAs, indica...microRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous triggers of the RNA interference pathway. Studies have shown that thousands of human protein-coding genes are regulated by miRNAs, indicating that miRNAs are master regulators of many important biological processes, such as cancer development, miRNAs frequently have deregulated expression in many types of human cancers, and play critical roles in tumorigenesis, which functions either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are highly related with cancer progression, including initiating, growth, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, miRNAs are shown to be responsible for the cancer-related inflam- mation, anti-cancer drug resistance, and regulation of cancer stem ceils. Therefore, miRNAs have generated great interest as a novel strategy in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here we review the versatile roles of miRNAs in cancers and their potential applications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment as biomarkers.展开更多
The growing worldwide burden of insulin resistance(IR) emphasizes the importance of early identification for improved management.Obesity,particularly visceral obesity,has been a key contributing factor in the developm...The growing worldwide burden of insulin resistance(IR) emphasizes the importance of early identification for improved management.Obesity,particularly visceral obesity,has been a key contributing factor in the development of IR.The obesity-associated chronic inflammatory state contributes to the development of obesity-related comorbidities,including IR.Adipocytokines,which are released by adipose tissue,have been investigated as possible indicators of IR.Visfatin was one of the adipocytokines that attracted attention due to its insulinmimetic activity.It is released from a variety of sources,including visceral fat and macrophages,and it influences glucose metabolism and increases inflammation.The relationship between visfatin and IR in obesity is debatable.As a result,the purpose of this review was to better understand the role of visfatin in glucose homeostasis and to review the literature on the association between visfatin levels and IR,cardiovascular diseases,and renal diseases in obesity.展开更多
Objective:To assess antioxidant activities of different parts of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta）,and to search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.Methods:Samples of leaves,stems, flowers and roots from E....Objective:To assess antioxidant activities of different parts of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta）,and to search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.Methods:Samples of leaves,stems, flowers and roots from E.hirta were tested for total phenolic content,and flavonoids content and in vitro antioxidant activity by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） assay and reducing power was measured using cyanoferrate method.Results:The leaves extract exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of（72.96±0.78）%followed by the flowers,roots and stems whose scavenging activities were（52.45±0.66）%,（48.59±0.97）%,and（44.42±0.94）%,respectively.The standard butylated hydroxytoluene（BHT） was（75.13±0.75）%.The IC<sub>50</sub>,for leaves,flowers,roots,stems and BHT were 0.803,0.972,0.989,1.358 and 0.794 mg/mL,respectively.The reducing power of the leaves extract was comparable with that of ascorbic acid and found to be dose dependent. Leaves extract had the highest total phenolic content[（206.17±1.95） mg GAE/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（117.08±3.10） mg GAE/g,（83.15±1.19） mg GAE/g,and （65.70±1.72） mg GAE/g,respectively.On the other hand,total flavonoids content also from leave had the highest value[（37.970±0.003） mg CEQ/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（35.200±0.002） mg CEQ/g,（24.350±0.006） mg CEQ/g,and（24.120±0.004） mg CEQ/ g,respectively.HPTLC bioautography analysis of phenolic and antioxidant substance revealed phenolic compounds.Phytochemical screening of E.hirta leaf extract revealed the presence of reducing sugars,terpenoids,alkaloids,steroids,tannins,flavanoids and phenolic compounds. Conclusions:These results suggeste that E.hirta have strong antioxidant potential.Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active antioxidant agents,which can be used to treat various oxidative stress-related diseases.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms ...Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms of the disease rather than the cause. Increasing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD etiology have focused on deposition of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we highlight the potential of experimental model systems based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to provide novel insights into the cellular pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration in AD. Whilst Down syndrome and familial AD iPSC models faithfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulation of Aβ and tau, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, sporadic AD is much more difficult to model in this way due to its complex etiology. Nevertheless, iPSC-based modelling of AD has provided invaluable insights into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, and has a huge potential for use as a platform for drug discovery.展开更多
AIM:To study the mechanism of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)resistance in colon cancer cells and to develop strategies for overcoming such resistance by combination treatment.METHODS:We established and characterized a 5-FU resi...AIM:To study the mechanism of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)resistance in colon cancer cells and to develop strategies for overcoming such resistance by combination treatment.METHODS:We established and characterized a 5-FU resistance(5-FU-R)cell line derived from continuous exposure(25μmol/L)to 5-FU for 20 wk in 5-FU sensitive HCT-116 cells.The proliferation and expression of different representative apoptosis and anti-apoptosis markers in 5-FU sensitive and 5-FU resistance cells were measured by the MTT assay and by Western blotting,respectively,after treatment with Resveratrol(Res)and/or 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea(BCNU).Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was measured by 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis,respectively.The extent of DNA damage was measured by the Comet assay.We measured the visible changes in the DNA damage/repair cascade by Western blotting.RESULTS:The widely used chemotherapeutic agents BCNU and Res decreased the growth of 5-FU sensitive HCT-116 cells in a dose dependent manner.Combined application of BCNU and Res caused more apoptosis in5-FU sensitive cells in comparison to individual treatment.In addition,the combined application of BCNU and Res caused a significant decrease of major DNA base excision repair components in 5-FU sensitive cells.We established a 5-FU resistance cell line(5-FU-R)from 5-FU-sensitive HCT-116(mismatch repair deficient)cells that was not resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents(e.g.,BCNU,Res)except 5-FU.The 5-FU resistance of 5-FU-R cells was assessed by exposure to increasing concentrations of 5-FU followed by the MTT assay.There was no significant cell death noted in5-FU-R cells in comparison to 5-FU sensitive cells after5-FU treatment.This resistant cell line overexpressed anti-apoptotic[e.g.,AKT,nuclear factorκB,FLICE-like inhibitory protein),DNA repair(e.g.,DNA polymerase beta(POL-β),DNA polymerase eta(POLH),protein Flap endonuclease 1(FEN1),DNA damage-binding protein 2(DDB2)]and 5-FU-resistance proteins(thymidylate synthase)but under expressed pro-apoptotic proteins(e.g.,DAB2,CK1)in comparison to the parental cells.Increased genotoxicity and apoptosis were observed in resistant cells after combined application of BCNU and Res in comparison to untreated or parental cells.BCNU increased the sensitivity to Res of 5-FU resistant cells compared with parental cells.Fifty percent cell death were noted in parental cells when 18μmol/L of Res was associated with fixed concentration(20μmol/L)of BCNU,but a much lower concentration of Res(8μmol/L)was needed to achieve the same effect in 5-FU resistant cells.Interestingly,increased levels of adenomatous polyposis coli and decreased levels POL-β,POLH,FEN1 and DDB2 were noted after the same combined treatment in resistant cells.CONCLUSION:BCNU combined with Res exerts a synergistic effect that may prove useful for the treatment of colon cancer and to overcome drug resistance.展开更多
Asthenozoospermia （AS） is a common cause of human male infertility. In one study, more than 80% of the samples from infertile men had reduced sperm motility. Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from the testis...Asthenozoospermia （AS） is a common cause of human male infertility. In one study, more than 80% of the samples from infertile men had reduced sperm motility. Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from the testis, epididymis and several male accessory glands, including the prostate, seminal vesicles and Cowper＇s gland. Studies have shown that seminal plasma contains proteins that are important for sperm motility. To further explore the pathophysiological character of AS, we separated the seminal plasma proteins from AS patients and healthy donors using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in-gel digestion, and then subjected the proteins to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis. A total of 741 proteins were identified in the seminal plasma, with a false discovery rate of 3.3%. Using spectral counting, we found that 45 proteins were threefold upregulated and 56 proteins were threefold downregulated in the AS group when compared with the control. Most of these proteins originated from the epididymis and prostate. This study identified a rich source of biomarker candidates for male infertility and indicates that functional abnormalities of the epididymis and prostate can contribute to AS. We identified D J-1--a protein that has been shown elsewhere to be involved in the control of oxidative stress （OS）-as a downregulated protein in AS seminal plasma. The levels of D J-1 in AS seminal plasma were about half of those in the control samples. In addition, the levels of reactive oxygen species were 3.3-fold higher in the AS samples than in the controls. Taken together, these data suggest that downregulation of DJ-1 is involved in OS in semen, and therefore affects the quality of the semen.展开更多
Objective:To determine the major changes in the microstructure of Candida albicans(C. albicans) after treatment with Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta) L.leaf extract.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy was used to study t...Objective:To determine the major changes in the microstructure of Candida albicans(C. albicans) after treatment with Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta) L.leaf extract.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructural changes caused by E.hirta extract on C. albicans cells al various exposure time.Results:It was found that the main abnormalities were the alterations in morphology,lysis and complete collapse of the yeast cells after 36 h of exposure to the extract.Whereas the control cultures showed a typical morphology of Candida with a uniform central density,typically structured nucleus,and a cytoplasm with several elements of endomembrane system and enveloped by a regular,intact cell wall.Conclusions:The significant antifungal activity shown by this methanol extract of E.hirta L.suggests its potential against infections caused by C.albicans.The extract may be developed as an anticandidal agent.展开更多
Eutrophication or the process of nutrient enrichment of stagnant waters due to excessive use of fertilizer is becoming a critical issue worldwide. Lake Gregory, an artificial lake situated in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka w...Eutrophication or the process of nutrient enrichment of stagnant waters due to excessive use of fertilizer is becoming a critical issue worldwide. Lake Gregory, an artificial lake situated in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka was once a very attractive landscape feature and recreational area attracting a large number of visitors. Rapid urbanization in surrounding areas and the consequent intensification of agricultural and industrial activities led to eutrophication and siltation in the lake. Present study was conducted to detect cyanobacterial diversity and their ability to produce hepatotoxic microcystins using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques. Twenty five water samples (surface and bottom) were collected from the lake and total nitrogen and total carbon were estimated. Cyanobacterial cultures were grown in appropriate media and microscopic observations were used to determine the morphological diversity of cyanobacteria isolated from different sites. Genomic DNA was isolated and purified from cyanobacteria using Boom's method. DNA samples were analyzed by PCR with oligonucleotide primers for 16S rRNA gene and mcyA gene of the operon that encodes a microcystin synthetase. The 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the presences of cyanobacteria belong to Synechococcus sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Calothrix sp., Leptolyngbya sp., Limnothrix sp., order Oscillatoriales and order Chroococcales. The sequences obtained from this study were deposited in the database under the accession numbers (GenBank: GU368104-GU368116). PCR amplification of mcyA primers indicated the potential for toxin formation of isolated M. aeruginosa from Lake Gregory. This preliminary study shows that the Lake Gregory is under the potential risk of cyanobacterial toxicity. Clearly more work is needed to extend this finding and clarify if other cyanobacterial isolates have genetic potential to produce microcystin since this lake is utilized for recreational activities.展开更多
Humic acid is not a fertilizer as it does not directly provide nutrients to plants, but is a compliment to fertilizer. Nicotinamide (Vitamin pp) is a stress-associated compound that can induce and regulate secondary m...Humic acid is not a fertilizer as it does not directly provide nutrients to plants, but is a compliment to fertilizer. Nicotinamide (Vitamin pp) is a stress-associated compound that can induce and regulate secondary metabolic accumulation and/or the manifestation of defense metabolism in plants. A field experiment was conducted at the experimental station of National Research center at El-Nubaria region, Egypt, to study the role of foliar application of humic acid (as soil conditioner 13 cm/l) and/or priming grains in nicotinamide (vitamin pp 5 mg/l) in saving irrigation water, decreasing fertilizer dose of NPK and at the same time increasing durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars’ (Beni Sweif-1 and Beni Sweif-3) productivity grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil exposed to drought for three weeks continuously. The results showed that plant treated with humic acid or nicotinamide increased significantly all morphological criteria (plant height, leaves number, fresh and dry weights of shoots), metabolism (photosynthetic pigment, total soluble sugar, total carbohydrates, total amino acids and proline), mineral contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and yield (grain, straw and biology) of both cultivars amended with either recommended or half recommended doses of NPK. Foliar application of humic acid to plant priming in Vitamin pp induced significant increases in all studied parameters (morphology, chemical and yield) of plants amended with recommended or half recommended doses of NPK as compared with control plants. The maximum yields of grain, straw and biology of both cultivars were obtained in response to triple treatment (humic acid + nicotinamide + recommended dose of NPK) or (humic acid + nicotinamide + half recommended dose of NPK) respectively.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of leaf litter of Leucaena leucocephala on two forest crops Sada koroi （Albizia procera）, Ipil ipil （L. leucocephala） and three agricultural crops Falen （Vigna ung...An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of leaf litter of Leucaena leucocephala on two forest crops Sada koroi （Albizia procera）, Ipil ipil （L. leucocephala） and three agricultural crops Falen （Vigna unguiculata）, Chickpea （Citer arietinum） and Arhor （Cajanus cajan） in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Bangladesh, in a Randomized Block Design. Results suggested that leaf litters ofL. leucocephala induced inhibitory effects on germination and growth of bioassay. It was also found that the effect depended on concentration of extract and litterfall, type of receptor species. Higher concentration of the materials had the higher effect and vice versa. Growth response of receptor crops varied with the variation of leaf litter application. The study revealed that application of low-dose leaf litter specially litter of 10 g·m^-2 had stimulating effect on shoot growth of C. arietinum, Vunguiculata and A. procera. While in all other cases significant inhibitory effect was observed and it was significantly increased with the increase of leaf litter application. However, the trend of inhibition was uneven with treatments. Root growth was found to be more affected than shoot growth.展开更多
Objective: Heavy ion beam, which has emerged as a new mutagen in the mutation breeding of crops and ornamental plants, is expected to result in the induction of novel mutations. This study investigates the morphologic...Objective: Heavy ion beam, which has emerged as a new mutagen in the mutation breeding of crops and ornamental plants, is expected to result in the induction of novel mutations. This study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of Oryza sativa toward different doses of carbon ion beam irradiation. Methods: In this study, the dry seeds of O. sativa were irradiated at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 Gy, followed by in-vitro germination under controlled conditions. Morphological and biochemical studies were conducted to investigate the morphological and physiological responses of O. sativa towards ion beam irradiation. Results: The study demonstrated that low doses(10 Gy) of ion beam have a stimulating effect on the height, root length, and fresh weight of the plantlets but not on the number of leaves. Meanwhile, doses higher than 10 Gy caused reductions in all the morphological parameters studied as compared to the control samples. The highest total soluble protein content [(2.11±0.47) mg/g FW] was observed in plantlets irradiated at 20 Gy. All irradiated plantlets were found to have 0.85% to 58.32% higher specific activity of peroxidase as compared to the control samples. The present study also revealed that low doses of ion beam(10 and 20 Gy) had negligible effect on the total chlorophyll content of O. sativa plantlets while 40 Gy had a stimulating effect on the chlorophyll content. Plantlets irradiated between 40 to 120 Gy were shown to be 0.38% to 9.98% higher in total soluble nitrogen content which, however, was not significantly different from the control samples. Conclusions: Carbon ion beam irradiation administered at low to moderate doses of 10 to 40 Gy may induce O. sativa mutants with superior characteristics.展开更多
文摘Organic agriculture is gaining momentum in the Philippines as consumers become more health- and environment-conscious. This study investigated soil fertility based on soil chemistry and biological properties of organic vegetable farms in Sariaya, Quezon Province and Los Baños, Laguna Province, with the aim of developing organic agriculture in the Philippines. We utilized the SOFIX (Soil Fertility Index) technology, which is designed to evaluate soil fertility by focusing on the activity and diversity of microbial communities in the soil. This technology provides a scientific assessment of soil health, aiming to contribute to sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation. Soil fertility parameters from four different farms cultivating outdoor organic vegetables were below the recommended values for organic production. Essential macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and total carbon content, which is indicative of soil organic matter, were insufficient. Bacterial biomass for soil organic matter decomposition, and nitrogen and phosphorus circulation was inadequate. These results indicated that organic plots lack the fertility needed for optimal organic crop growth. The poor fertility of these organic plots could be attributed to their recent shift from conventional cultivation, which used synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers, to organic cultivation approximately seven years ago. This shift may harm soil microorganisms, leading to decreased fertility, nutrient availability and hindering the ability to sustain organic production. Overall, the findings of this case study emphasize the significant soil fertility challenges on organic vegetable farms. Therefore, farmers and agricultural practitioners must adopt appropriate soil management practices to improve soil fertility, microbial populations, nutrient availability, and overall soil health for successful organic production.
文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts,primarily by infiltrating lymphocytes,and has limited therapeutic options.A growing body of evidence suggests that nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)can suppress autoreactive lymphocytes and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels in various autoimmune diseases.In a recent study,Yang et al investigated the therapeutic effects of ImmTOR in a mouse model of PBC.ImmTOR treatment reduced the expression and number of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and B cells isolated from the liver and spleen,improved liver inflammation and enzyme levels,and was associated with a concomitant decrease in anti-mitochondrial antibody levels.In this editorial,we highlight the significance of these findings,focusing on the potential mechanisms by which ImmTOR suppresses hepatic autoreactive T cells and reduces anti-mitochondrial antibody levels,ultimately improving liver pa-thology,through pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and autophagy restoration.We also offer a perspective on future research di-rections for PBC in both animal models and in vitro studies.
文摘The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.
基金in part kindly supported by the Croatian Science Foundation(DinDRY project,UIP-2020-02-5385,grant to A.B.).
文摘Insects are suitable model organisms for functional morphology research,especially in the context of exaptation,when the same morphological trait represents an advantage in disparate niches.Phylogenetically distant groups of pygmy grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Tetrigidae)have various pronotal projections defining their general appearance and body shape.However,body shape has never been related to niche occupation in these insects,thus the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between pronotum shape and macrohabitat adaptation in Scelimeninae,a group of Asian and Papuan tetrigids encompassing amphibious and corticolous(bark-dwelling)representatives.With the use of geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods,two morphological and functional groups were distinguished,with the body shape exhibiting a significant phylogenetic signal.The first group consists of elongated amphibious taxa(Scelimenini tribe)with highly uniform pronotum morphology,likely due to a strong selection for streamlined body shape.Stouter corticolous taxa(Discotettigini tribe)exhibit more conspicuous body shape variability,possibly increasing camouflage efficiency in tree bark habitats.Ecological divergence associated with macrohabitat adaptation may thus have been the primary driver of speciation in this insect group,but the evolutionary constraints leading to this divergence are still to be identified.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3500404)the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(81704146,82205310)+1 种基金the Research Program Project of Tianjin Education Commission(2021KJ120)the National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410063009)。
文摘Objective:The effectiveness of chemotherapy is affected by tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms;however,there are certain limitations.Electroacupuncture can regulate the tumor immune response and restore bone marrow hematopoietic function,which is affected by chemotherapy.This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of electroacupuncture combined with cisplatin in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer mice.Methods:To establish a mouse model of non-small-cell lung cancer,gene sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis,flow cytometry,and liquid-phase chips was used to observe the expression of immune cells and related factors in the mouse tumor microenvironment.Flow cytometry was used to observe subpopulations of mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells.PAC1 receptor agonists were used to observe mouse tumor immunity and bone marrow hematopoiesis-related indicators.Results:The combination of electroacupuncture with high-and low-dose chemotherapy had a better tumor-suppressive effect.Electroacupuncture can affect the gene expression profile of immune cells,especially the expression levels of Ccr1,Cxcr5,Zbp1,and CamkIIα,and increases the levels of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin(IL)-2 protein,upregulating the levels of cytokines Ccl4,Ccl3,and IL-6 in the tumor tissue.Additionally,electroacupuncture enhanced the infiltration of CD8+T cells,dendritic cells,and M1-type macrophages at the tumor site,and reduced the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells.Furthermore,electroacupuncture remodels the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment after chemotherapy by increasing the number of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell subsets,leukocytes,and subpopulations in the peripheral blood.PAC1 receptor agonists have similar effects to those of electroacupuncture on hematopoietic protection and tumor immunity after chemotherapy.Conclusions:Electroacupuncture may improve chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression,reshape the tumor microenvironment immune response affected by chemotherapy,and change the tumor immune microenvironment to an anti-tumor mode by regulating tumor local immune-related cytokines.The PAC1 receptor may be a drug target for the treatment of myelosuppression and immunosuppression in patients with tumors.
基金supported by grants from The Chinese Natural Science Foundation(30970688)State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(2016FBZ07)the Chinese Manned Spaceflight Project~~
文摘利用神舟8号飞船的SIMBOX发射机会,对真实微重力影响裸藻光合作用活性进行了研究.我们发现,微重力降低了光合活性(Fv/Fm),提高了细胞内叶绿素a和胡萝卜素含量.快速叶绿素荧光动力学研究显示微重力降低了叶绿素荧光强度,但快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线的形状(O-J-I-P)没有改变.在微重力处理下裸藻的最大光化学效率(φPo)、用于电子传递的量子产额(φEo)和光合作用性能指数(PIABS and PICS)都明显降低,但单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)和单位反应中心耗散的能量(DIo/RC)都明显升高.77K低温荧光光谱实现微重力改变了能量在PSⅠ和PSⅡ之间的分配并出现了红移现象.这些结果表明真实微重力降低光合作用的活性有可能通过两个途径,即抑制裸藻抑制光合电子传递中PSⅡ的受体端和改变PSⅠ的结构从而引起流向PSⅠ的能量传递减少.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants (No. 30872889, 81072215, 81001210, 81172580)Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (No. 20098-8-2)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Open Funding (SKLODOF2010-05)the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities of China (2011)
文摘microRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous triggers of the RNA interference pathway. Studies have shown that thousands of human protein-coding genes are regulated by miRNAs, indicating that miRNAs are master regulators of many important biological processes, such as cancer development, miRNAs frequently have deregulated expression in many types of human cancers, and play critical roles in tumorigenesis, which functions either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are highly related with cancer progression, including initiating, growth, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, miRNAs are shown to be responsible for the cancer-related inflam- mation, anti-cancer drug resistance, and regulation of cancer stem ceils. Therefore, miRNAs have generated great interest as a novel strategy in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here we review the versatile roles of miRNAs in cancers and their potential applications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment as biomarkers.
文摘The growing worldwide burden of insulin resistance(IR) emphasizes the importance of early identification for improved management.Obesity,particularly visceral obesity,has been a key contributing factor in the development of IR.The obesity-associated chronic inflammatory state contributes to the development of obesity-related comorbidities,including IR.Adipocytokines,which are released by adipose tissue,have been investigated as possible indicators of IR.Visfatin was one of the adipocytokines that attracted attention due to its insulinmimetic activity.It is released from a variety of sources,including visceral fat and macrophages,and it influences glucose metabolism and increases inflammation.The relationship between visfatin and IR in obesity is debatable.As a result,the purpose of this review was to better understand the role of visfatin in glucose homeostasis and to review the literature on the association between visfatin levels and IR,cardiovascular diseases,and renal diseases in obesity.
基金Islamic Development Bank for the financial support with a master degree scholarship
文摘Objective:To assess antioxidant activities of different parts of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta）,and to search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.Methods:Samples of leaves,stems, flowers and roots from E.hirta were tested for total phenolic content,and flavonoids content and in vitro antioxidant activity by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） assay and reducing power was measured using cyanoferrate method.Results:The leaves extract exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of（72.96±0.78）%followed by the flowers,roots and stems whose scavenging activities were（52.45±0.66）%,（48.59±0.97）%,and（44.42±0.94）%,respectively.The standard butylated hydroxytoluene（BHT） was（75.13±0.75）%.The IC<sub>50</sub>,for leaves,flowers,roots,stems and BHT were 0.803,0.972,0.989,1.358 and 0.794 mg/mL,respectively.The reducing power of the leaves extract was comparable with that of ascorbic acid and found to be dose dependent. Leaves extract had the highest total phenolic content[（206.17±1.95） mg GAE/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（117.08±3.10） mg GAE/g,（83.15±1.19） mg GAE/g,and （65.70±1.72） mg GAE/g,respectively.On the other hand,total flavonoids content also from leave had the highest value[（37.970±0.003） mg CEQ/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（35.200±0.002） mg CEQ/g,（24.350±0.006） mg CEQ/g,and（24.120±0.004） mg CEQ/ g,respectively.HPTLC bioautography analysis of phenolic and antioxidant substance revealed phenolic compounds.Phytochemical screening of E.hirta leaf extract revealed the presence of reducing sugars,terpenoids,alkaloids,steroids,tannins,flavanoids and phenolic compounds. Conclusions:These results suggeste that E.hirta have strong antioxidant potential.Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active antioxidant agents,which can be used to treat various oxidative stress-related diseases.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. To date, only five pharmacological agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in AD, all of which target the symptoms of the disease rather than the cause. Increasing our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AD will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD etiology have focused on deposition of amyloid beta and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review we highlight the potential of experimental model systems based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to provide novel insights into the cellular pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration in AD. Whilst Down syndrome and familial AD iPSC models faithfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulation of Aβ and tau, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, sporadic AD is much more difficult to model in this way due to its complex etiology. Nevertheless, iPSC-based modelling of AD has provided invaluable insights into the underlying pathophysiology of the disease, and has a huge potential for use as a platform for drug discovery.
基金Supported by Indian Council of Medical Research and Department of Biotechnology,Government of India
文摘AIM:To study the mechanism of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)resistance in colon cancer cells and to develop strategies for overcoming such resistance by combination treatment.METHODS:We established and characterized a 5-FU resistance(5-FU-R)cell line derived from continuous exposure(25μmol/L)to 5-FU for 20 wk in 5-FU sensitive HCT-116 cells.The proliferation and expression of different representative apoptosis and anti-apoptosis markers in 5-FU sensitive and 5-FU resistance cells were measured by the MTT assay and by Western blotting,respectively,after treatment with Resveratrol(Res)and/or 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea(BCNU).Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was measured by 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis,respectively.The extent of DNA damage was measured by the Comet assay.We measured the visible changes in the DNA damage/repair cascade by Western blotting.RESULTS:The widely used chemotherapeutic agents BCNU and Res decreased the growth of 5-FU sensitive HCT-116 cells in a dose dependent manner.Combined application of BCNU and Res caused more apoptosis in5-FU sensitive cells in comparison to individual treatment.In addition,the combined application of BCNU and Res caused a significant decrease of major DNA base excision repair components in 5-FU sensitive cells.We established a 5-FU resistance cell line(5-FU-R)from 5-FU-sensitive HCT-116(mismatch repair deficient)cells that was not resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents(e.g.,BCNU,Res)except 5-FU.The 5-FU resistance of 5-FU-R cells was assessed by exposure to increasing concentrations of 5-FU followed by the MTT assay.There was no significant cell death noted in5-FU-R cells in comparison to 5-FU sensitive cells after5-FU treatment.This resistant cell line overexpressed anti-apoptotic[e.g.,AKT,nuclear factorκB,FLICE-like inhibitory protein),DNA repair(e.g.,DNA polymerase beta(POL-β),DNA polymerase eta(POLH),protein Flap endonuclease 1(FEN1),DNA damage-binding protein 2(DDB2)]and 5-FU-resistance proteins(thymidylate synthase)but under expressed pro-apoptotic proteins(e.g.,DAB2,CK1)in comparison to the parental cells.Increased genotoxicity and apoptosis were observed in resistant cells after combined application of BCNU and Res in comparison to untreated or parental cells.BCNU increased the sensitivity to Res of 5-FU resistant cells compared with parental cells.Fifty percent cell death were noted in parental cells when 18μmol/L of Res was associated with fixed concentration(20μmol/L)of BCNU,but a much lower concentration of Res(8μmol/L)was needed to achieve the same effect in 5-FU resistant cells.Interestingly,increased levels of adenomatous polyposis coli and decreased levels POL-β,POLH,FEN1 and DDB2 were noted after the same combined treatment in resistant cells.CONCLUSION:BCNU combined with Res exerts a synergistic effect that may prove useful for the treatment of colon cancer and to overcome drug resistance.
文摘Asthenozoospermia （AS） is a common cause of human male infertility. In one study, more than 80% of the samples from infertile men had reduced sperm motility. Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from the testis, epididymis and several male accessory glands, including the prostate, seminal vesicles and Cowper＇s gland. Studies have shown that seminal plasma contains proteins that are important for sperm motility. To further explore the pathophysiological character of AS, we separated the seminal plasma proteins from AS patients and healthy donors using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in-gel digestion, and then subjected the proteins to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis. A total of 741 proteins were identified in the seminal plasma, with a false discovery rate of 3.3%. Using spectral counting, we found that 45 proteins were threefold upregulated and 56 proteins were threefold downregulated in the AS group when compared with the control. Most of these proteins originated from the epididymis and prostate. This study identified a rich source of biomarker candidates for male infertility and indicates that functional abnormalities of the epididymis and prostate can contribute to AS. We identified D J-1--a protein that has been shown elsewhere to be involved in the control of oxidative stress （OS）-as a downregulated protein in AS seminal plasma. The levels of D J-1 in AS seminal plasma were about half of those in the control samples. In addition, the levels of reactive oxygen species were 3.3-fold higher in the AS samples than in the controls. Taken together, these data suggest that downregulation of DJ-1 is involved in OS in semen, and therefore affects the quality of the semen.
文摘Objective:To determine the major changes in the microstructure of Candida albicans(C. albicans) after treatment with Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta) L.leaf extract.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructural changes caused by E.hirta extract on C. albicans cells al various exposure time.Results:It was found that the main abnormalities were the alterations in morphology,lysis and complete collapse of the yeast cells after 36 h of exposure to the extract.Whereas the control cultures showed a typical morphology of Candida with a uniform central density,typically structured nucleus,and a cytoplasm with several elements of endomembrane system and enveloped by a regular,intact cell wall.Conclusions:The significant antifungal activity shown by this methanol extract of E.hirta L.suggests its potential against infections caused by C.albicans.The extract may be developed as an anticandidal agent.
文摘Eutrophication or the process of nutrient enrichment of stagnant waters due to excessive use of fertilizer is becoming a critical issue worldwide. Lake Gregory, an artificial lake situated in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka was once a very attractive landscape feature and recreational area attracting a large number of visitors. Rapid urbanization in surrounding areas and the consequent intensification of agricultural and industrial activities led to eutrophication and siltation in the lake. Present study was conducted to detect cyanobacterial diversity and their ability to produce hepatotoxic microcystins using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques. Twenty five water samples (surface and bottom) were collected from the lake and total nitrogen and total carbon were estimated. Cyanobacterial cultures were grown in appropriate media and microscopic observations were used to determine the morphological diversity of cyanobacteria isolated from different sites. Genomic DNA was isolated and purified from cyanobacteria using Boom's method. DNA samples were analyzed by PCR with oligonucleotide primers for 16S rRNA gene and mcyA gene of the operon that encodes a microcystin synthetase. The 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the presences of cyanobacteria belong to Synechococcus sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Calothrix sp., Leptolyngbya sp., Limnothrix sp., order Oscillatoriales and order Chroococcales. The sequences obtained from this study were deposited in the database under the accession numbers (GenBank: GU368104-GU368116). PCR amplification of mcyA primers indicated the potential for toxin formation of isolated M. aeruginosa from Lake Gregory. This preliminary study shows that the Lake Gregory is under the potential risk of cyanobacterial toxicity. Clearly more work is needed to extend this finding and clarify if other cyanobacterial isolates have genetic potential to produce microcystin since this lake is utilized for recreational activities.
文摘Humic acid is not a fertilizer as it does not directly provide nutrients to plants, but is a compliment to fertilizer. Nicotinamide (Vitamin pp) is a stress-associated compound that can induce and regulate secondary metabolic accumulation and/or the manifestation of defense metabolism in plants. A field experiment was conducted at the experimental station of National Research center at El-Nubaria region, Egypt, to study the role of foliar application of humic acid (as soil conditioner 13 cm/l) and/or priming grains in nicotinamide (vitamin pp 5 mg/l) in saving irrigation water, decreasing fertilizer dose of NPK and at the same time increasing durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars’ (Beni Sweif-1 and Beni Sweif-3) productivity grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil exposed to drought for three weeks continuously. The results showed that plant treated with humic acid or nicotinamide increased significantly all morphological criteria (plant height, leaves number, fresh and dry weights of shoots), metabolism (photosynthetic pigment, total soluble sugar, total carbohydrates, total amino acids and proline), mineral contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and yield (grain, straw and biology) of both cultivars amended with either recommended or half recommended doses of NPK. Foliar application of humic acid to plant priming in Vitamin pp induced significant increases in all studied parameters (morphology, chemical and yield) of plants amended with recommended or half recommended doses of NPK as compared with control plants. The maximum yields of grain, straw and biology of both cultivars were obtained in response to triple treatment (humic acid + nicotinamide + recommended dose of NPK) or (humic acid + nicotinamide + half recommended dose of NPK) respectively.
文摘An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of leaf litter of Leucaena leucocephala on two forest crops Sada koroi （Albizia procera）, Ipil ipil （L. leucocephala） and three agricultural crops Falen （Vigna unguiculata）, Chickpea （Citer arietinum） and Arhor （Cajanus cajan） in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Bangladesh, in a Randomized Block Design. Results suggested that leaf litters ofL. leucocephala induced inhibitory effects on germination and growth of bioassay. It was also found that the effect depended on concentration of extract and litterfall, type of receptor species. Higher concentration of the materials had the higher effect and vice versa. Growth response of receptor crops varied with the variation of leaf litter application. The study revealed that application of low-dose leaf litter specially litter of 10 g·m^-2 had stimulating effect on shoot growth of C. arietinum, Vunguiculata and A. procera. While in all other cases significant inhibitory effect was observed and it was significantly increased with the increase of leaf litter application. However, the trend of inhibition was uneven with treatments. Root growth was found to be more affected than shoot growth.
基金supported by the Nuclear Safety Research Association(NSRA),Japan
文摘Objective: Heavy ion beam, which has emerged as a new mutagen in the mutation breeding of crops and ornamental plants, is expected to result in the induction of novel mutations. This study investigates the morphological and biochemical responses of Oryza sativa toward different doses of carbon ion beam irradiation. Methods: In this study, the dry seeds of O. sativa were irradiated at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 Gy, followed by in-vitro germination under controlled conditions. Morphological and biochemical studies were conducted to investigate the morphological and physiological responses of O. sativa towards ion beam irradiation. Results: The study demonstrated that low doses(10 Gy) of ion beam have a stimulating effect on the height, root length, and fresh weight of the plantlets but not on the number of leaves. Meanwhile, doses higher than 10 Gy caused reductions in all the morphological parameters studied as compared to the control samples. The highest total soluble protein content [(2.11±0.47) mg/g FW] was observed in plantlets irradiated at 20 Gy. All irradiated plantlets were found to have 0.85% to 58.32% higher specific activity of peroxidase as compared to the control samples. The present study also revealed that low doses of ion beam(10 and 20 Gy) had negligible effect on the total chlorophyll content of O. sativa plantlets while 40 Gy had a stimulating effect on the chlorophyll content. Plantlets irradiated between 40 to 120 Gy were shown to be 0.38% to 9.98% higher in total soluble nitrogen content which, however, was not significantly different from the control samples. Conclusions: Carbon ion beam irradiation administered at low to moderate doses of 10 to 40 Gy may induce O. sativa mutants with superior characteristics.
