This paper is the result of an investigation of the flora and traditionalknowledge in the conception of Javaé indigenous people from the Txuirivillage located on Bananal Island, Brazil. The objective is to invest...This paper is the result of an investigation of the flora and traditionalknowledge in the conception of Javaé indigenous people from the Txuirivillage located on Bananal Island, Brazil. The objective is to investigatethe plants used by these indigenous people, their diverse uses and tounderstand how traditional knowledge is passed on to new generations.This is a qualitative, descriptive and interdisciplinary survey, whose datacollection strategies included the application of semi-structured questionnairesand collection of plants for cataloguing according to AngiospermPhylogeny Group or APG III (2009). We identified 26 plant species, usedfor various purposes such as medicinal use, food, construction, craft andcultural, which were deposited in the Herbarium of the Federal Universityof Tocantins. Roots, stem and leaf are the plant parts most used bythe community. The plants mentioned were most frequently found on thebanks of the Javaés River and in the backyard of the residences. Significanttraditional knowledge of these people about the plants are transmittedto new generations, through visual, orality and experimentation. Ethnobotanicalstudies strengthen research in ecopsychology while allowingresearch into the interactions between human populations and plants.展开更多
The massive COVID-19 vaccination campaign is the first time that mRNA vaccines have been used on a global scale.The mRNA vaccines correspond exactly to the definition of gene therapy of the American and European regul...The massive COVID-19 vaccination campaign is the first time that mRNA vaccines have been used on a global scale.The mRNA vaccines correspond exactly to the definition of gene therapy of the American and European regulatory agencies.The regulations require excretion studies of these drugs and their products(the translated proteins).These studies have not been done for mRNA vaccines(nor for adenovirus vaccines).There are numerous reports of symptoms and pathologies identical to the adverse effects of mRNA vaccines in unvaccinated persons in contact with freshly vaccinated persons.It is therefore important to review the state of knowledge on the possible excretion of vaccine nanoparticles as well as mRNA and its product,the spike protein.Vaccine mRNA-carrying lipid nanoparticles spread after injection throughout the body according to available animal studies and vaccine mRNA(naked or in nanoparticles or in natural exosomes)is found in the bloodstream as well as vaccine spike in free form or encapsulated in exosomes(shown in human studies).Lipid nanoparticles(or their natural equivalent,exosomes or extracellular vesicles(EVs))have been shown to be able to be excreted through body fluids(sweat,sputum,breast milk)and to pass the transplacental barrier.These EVs are also able to penetrate by inhalation and through the skin(healthy or injured)as well as orally through breast milk(and why not during sexual intercourse through semen,as this has not been studied).It is urgent to enforce the legislation on gene therapy that applies to mRNA vaccines and to carry out studies on this subject while the generalization of mRNA vaccines is being considered.展开更多
In North America, disturbed riparian zones have had a deleterious effect on the life cycles of anadromous fish, especially the commercially and culturally important salmon and steelhead. The result has been a signific...In North America, disturbed riparian zones have had a deleterious effect on the life cycles of anadromous fish, especially the commercially and culturally important salmon and steelhead. The result has been a significant reduction in the numbers and average size of these fish. Tributaries of the John Day River are important spawning waters for western populations of these fish, and the National Forest Service and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation are cooperating to restore floodplains and riparian zones in a number of these headwater tributaries. Herein we have conducted a pre-restoration study of macroinvertebrates and basic water quality parameters in one of these important spawning locations in central Oregon, Bull Run Creek. Results of the turbidity, pH, dissolved Oxygen, and temperature determinations indicate that overall water quality is good, and benthic macroinvertebrate sampling yielded a number of sensitive organisms, including members of Chloroperlidae, Peltoperlidae, Ryachophilidae, Odontoceridae, and Brachycentridae. At all sites, chironomid larvae (non-biting midge) dominated the assemblages. The EPT Index suggests that Bull Run Creek ranges from fair to excellent in terms of its ability to support sensitive species. Sorensen’s Similarity Coefficient indicates varying degrees of shared diversity between the sites, and Shannon’s entropy calculations suggest moderate to low species diversity at all sites, including the reference site on nearby Boundary Creek. Overall, this study indicates that Bull Run Creek is in fair condition and that it should benefit significantly from the restoration efforts.展开更多
Children are less susceptible to COVID-19 than adults:they often have asymptomatic and very rarely severe forms.This protection is valid for all variants of the virus.The aim here is to compare the immune response of ...Children are less susceptible to COVID-19 than adults:they often have asymptomatic and very rarely severe forms.This protection is valid for all variants of the virus.The aim here is to compare the immune response of children with that of adults,asymptomatic adults or those with mild disease with those who develop severe Covid.Several protective factors for children have been mentioned but some of them do not seem to be involved.Indeed,there is no clear difference in the quantity of virus receptors(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2))present according to age that could explain a lesser entry of the virus into the cells of the nose,oropharynx and lungs of children.In fact,children and adults generally have similar viral loads and respiratory tract excretions.Most adults,like children,have antibodies(and T cells)that cross-react with human coronavirus(HCoVs)and respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),but this humoral reactivity does not correlate with disease severity in adults;the difference appears to be more qualitative(IgM and anti-S in children and IgG and IgA and anti-N in adults)than quantitative,and mildly affected adults have some of the characteristics of the cross-reactivities of children.At the cellular level,the difference between children and adults lies more in the naivety of the T cells involved.The amount of salivary and mucosal IgA is negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with the absence of Covid infection:these IgAs are different and more effective than serum IgA.Severe COVID-19 is characterized by hyperinflammation following invasion of the lower respiratory tract when the virus has not been cleared from the upper respiratory tract by innate immunity.Age is associated with an alteration of the immune system,often with a chronic hyperinflammatory state:deficient innate immunity combined with age-related dysregulation of adaptive immunity could cause severe COVID-19.The innate cellular response in the upper and lower airways is more effective in asymptomatic children and adults:the interferon response is earlier and involves immune rather than epithelial cells,the latter being associated with hyperinflammation.This early response is critical given the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to suppress interferon 1(IFN-1)responses.Regulatory Treg cells(which prevent the inflammatory response from spiraling out of control)are prevalent in the respiratory tissues of children.The response of myeloid cells(neutrophils and macrophages/monocytes),which are also responsible for hyperinflammation,is also qualitatively different in mildly affected children and adults compared to severe Covid:there is enrichment of classical monocytes and dysfunctional neutrophils in severe cases.It would be useful to explore why the response of children to SARS-CoV-2 is the opposite of that to influenza virus(which causes classical monocyte influx and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines).Oral dysbiosis is associated with severe COVID-19 and the diversity of the oropharyngeal microbiota is inversely correlated with age.Mycoplasma co-infections amplify viral replication and are associated with severe Covid;children may have more protective anti-mycoplasma IgG because they are more frequently exposed to community infections.The role of hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19 justifies the use of immunomodulatory drugs:hydroxychloroquine,ivermectin,anti-histamines,corticosteroids.Probiotics have been used to restore the gut microbiota that interacts with the lung microbiota.Reduction of the permeability of the intestinal barrier has been proposed.Treatment of immune aging with a prostaglandin inhibitor works well in aged mice by restoring dendritic cell migration.Stimulation of innate immunity by a pathogen recognition motif receptor agonist works in mice.展开更多
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria that affects periodontal support tissues.1 If left untreated,it results in loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone resorptio...Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria that affects periodontal support tissues.1 If left untreated,it results in loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone resorption.Approximately one-half of adults in the United States older than 30 years have periodontal disease.2 Though the disease is initiated by bacterial infection,it activates host defense systems that eventually lead to the degradation of the periodontium.During periodontitis,the disease progress involves further production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines,proteolytic enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and their inhibitors.展开更多
基金Supported by grant No. 32 -52932.97 from the Swiss National Science Foundation Bern+3 种基金Switzerland and by a grant from United Banks of Switzerland Zurich Switzerland.
文摘This paper is the result of an investigation of the flora and traditionalknowledge in the conception of Javaé indigenous people from the Txuirivillage located on Bananal Island, Brazil. The objective is to investigatethe plants used by these indigenous people, their diverse uses and tounderstand how traditional knowledge is passed on to new generations.This is a qualitative, descriptive and interdisciplinary survey, whose datacollection strategies included the application of semi-structured questionnairesand collection of plants for cataloguing according to AngiospermPhylogeny Group or APG III (2009). We identified 26 plant species, usedfor various purposes such as medicinal use, food, construction, craft andcultural, which were deposited in the Herbarium of the Federal Universityof Tocantins. Roots, stem and leaf are the plant parts most used bythe community. The plants mentioned were most frequently found on thebanks of the Javaés River and in the backyard of the residences. Significanttraditional knowledge of these people about the plants are transmittedto new generations, through visual, orality and experimentation. Ethnobotanicalstudies strengthen research in ecopsychology while allowingresearch into the interactions between human populations and plants.
文摘The massive COVID-19 vaccination campaign is the first time that mRNA vaccines have been used on a global scale.The mRNA vaccines correspond exactly to the definition of gene therapy of the American and European regulatory agencies.The regulations require excretion studies of these drugs and their products(the translated proteins).These studies have not been done for mRNA vaccines(nor for adenovirus vaccines).There are numerous reports of symptoms and pathologies identical to the adverse effects of mRNA vaccines in unvaccinated persons in contact with freshly vaccinated persons.It is therefore important to review the state of knowledge on the possible excretion of vaccine nanoparticles as well as mRNA and its product,the spike protein.Vaccine mRNA-carrying lipid nanoparticles spread after injection throughout the body according to available animal studies and vaccine mRNA(naked or in nanoparticles or in natural exosomes)is found in the bloodstream as well as vaccine spike in free form or encapsulated in exosomes(shown in human studies).Lipid nanoparticles(or their natural equivalent,exosomes or extracellular vesicles(EVs))have been shown to be able to be excreted through body fluids(sweat,sputum,breast milk)and to pass the transplacental barrier.These EVs are also able to penetrate by inhalation and through the skin(healthy or injured)as well as orally through breast milk(and why not during sexual intercourse through semen,as this has not been studied).It is urgent to enforce the legislation on gene therapy that applies to mRNA vaccines and to carry out studies on this subject while the generalization of mRNA vaccines is being considered.
文摘In North America, disturbed riparian zones have had a deleterious effect on the life cycles of anadromous fish, especially the commercially and culturally important salmon and steelhead. The result has been a significant reduction in the numbers and average size of these fish. Tributaries of the John Day River are important spawning waters for western populations of these fish, and the National Forest Service and the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation are cooperating to restore floodplains and riparian zones in a number of these headwater tributaries. Herein we have conducted a pre-restoration study of macroinvertebrates and basic water quality parameters in one of these important spawning locations in central Oregon, Bull Run Creek. Results of the turbidity, pH, dissolved Oxygen, and temperature determinations indicate that overall water quality is good, and benthic macroinvertebrate sampling yielded a number of sensitive organisms, including members of Chloroperlidae, Peltoperlidae, Ryachophilidae, Odontoceridae, and Brachycentridae. At all sites, chironomid larvae (non-biting midge) dominated the assemblages. The EPT Index suggests that Bull Run Creek ranges from fair to excellent in terms of its ability to support sensitive species. Sorensen’s Similarity Coefficient indicates varying degrees of shared diversity between the sites, and Shannon’s entropy calculations suggest moderate to low species diversity at all sites, including the reference site on nearby Boundary Creek. Overall, this study indicates that Bull Run Creek is in fair condition and that it should benefit significantly from the restoration efforts.
文摘Children are less susceptible to COVID-19 than adults:they often have asymptomatic and very rarely severe forms.This protection is valid for all variants of the virus.The aim here is to compare the immune response of children with that of adults,asymptomatic adults or those with mild disease with those who develop severe Covid.Several protective factors for children have been mentioned but some of them do not seem to be involved.Indeed,there is no clear difference in the quantity of virus receptors(angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2))present according to age that could explain a lesser entry of the virus into the cells of the nose,oropharynx and lungs of children.In fact,children and adults generally have similar viral loads and respiratory tract excretions.Most adults,like children,have antibodies(and T cells)that cross-react with human coronavirus(HCoVs)and respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),but this humoral reactivity does not correlate with disease severity in adults;the difference appears to be more qualitative(IgM and anti-S in children and IgG and IgA and anti-N in adults)than quantitative,and mildly affected adults have some of the characteristics of the cross-reactivities of children.At the cellular level,the difference between children and adults lies more in the naivety of the T cells involved.The amount of salivary and mucosal IgA is negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with the absence of Covid infection:these IgAs are different and more effective than serum IgA.Severe COVID-19 is characterized by hyperinflammation following invasion of the lower respiratory tract when the virus has not been cleared from the upper respiratory tract by innate immunity.Age is associated with an alteration of the immune system,often with a chronic hyperinflammatory state:deficient innate immunity combined with age-related dysregulation of adaptive immunity could cause severe COVID-19.The innate cellular response in the upper and lower airways is more effective in asymptomatic children and adults:the interferon response is earlier and involves immune rather than epithelial cells,the latter being associated with hyperinflammation.This early response is critical given the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to suppress interferon 1(IFN-1)responses.Regulatory Treg cells(which prevent the inflammatory response from spiraling out of control)are prevalent in the respiratory tissues of children.The response of myeloid cells(neutrophils and macrophages/monocytes),which are also responsible for hyperinflammation,is also qualitatively different in mildly affected children and adults compared to severe Covid:there is enrichment of classical monocytes and dysfunctional neutrophils in severe cases.It would be useful to explore why the response of children to SARS-CoV-2 is the opposite of that to influenza virus(which causes classical monocyte influx and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines).Oral dysbiosis is associated with severe COVID-19 and the diversity of the oropharyngeal microbiota is inversely correlated with age.Mycoplasma co-infections amplify viral replication and are associated with severe Covid;children may have more protective anti-mycoplasma IgG because they are more frequently exposed to community infections.The role of hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19 justifies the use of immunomodulatory drugs:hydroxychloroquine,ivermectin,anti-histamines,corticosteroids.Probiotics have been used to restore the gut microbiota that interacts with the lung microbiota.Reduction of the permeability of the intestinal barrier has been proposed.Treatment of immune aging with a prostaglandin inhibitor works well in aged mice by restoring dendritic cell migration.Stimulation of innate immunity by a pathogen recognition motif receptor agonist works in mice.
基金the National Institutes of Health grants,RO1DE019802the Pilot Grant of the School of Dentistry,UTHSCSA,131314.
文摘Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria that affects periodontal support tissues.1 If left untreated,it results in loss of periodontal attachment and alveolar bone resorption.Approximately one-half of adults in the United States older than 30 years have periodontal disease.2 Though the disease is initiated by bacterial infection,it activates host defense systems that eventually lead to the degradation of the periodontium.During periodontitis,the disease progress involves further production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines,proteolytic enzymes like matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and their inhibitors.
