The circulating avian influenza viruses in wild birds have a high possibility of spillover into domestic birds or mammals at the wild bird–domestic bird or bird–mammal interface. H8N4 viruses primarily circulate in ...The circulating avian influenza viruses in wild birds have a high possibility of spillover into domestic birds or mammals at the wild bird–domestic bird or bird–mammal interface. H8N4 viruses primarily circulate in migratory wild waterfowl and have rarely been identified in domestic birds. In this study, we summarized the spatial and temporal distribution of global H8 viruses, specified their natural reservoirs, and performed detailed evolutionary analysis onthe dominant H8N4 viruses. Here, we also report a novel H8N4 virus isolated from a Eurasian coot sample froma wetland in eastern China in 2022. Animal infection studies indicated that the wild bird-originated H8N4 virus can replicate and transmit efficiently in ducks but has not adapted to chickens. Additionally, this naturally isolated H8N4 virus can replicate in mice without prior adaptation. These results indicate that H8 viruses exist mainly in the wild duck reservoir and pose a high infection risk to domestic ducks. Therefore, the active surveillance of influenza viruses at the wild and domestic waterfowl interface will contribute to monitoring the circulation of these viruses.展开更多
Dear Editor,In recent decades,vector-transmitted emerging and re-emerging diseases pose public health issues around the world,in which emerging tick-borne viruses(TBVs)have played a major role since they are widely di...Dear Editor,In recent decades,vector-transmitted emerging and re-emerging diseases pose public health issues around the world,in which emerging tick-borne viruses(TBVs)have played a major role since they are widely distributed.TBVs have a wide range of hosts,including humans,livestock and rodents,with some of them able to cause severe diseases in human and domestic animals,such as Jingmen tick virus(JMTV)(Qin et al.,2014),tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)(Xing et al.,2017),and Alongshan virus(ALSV)(Wang et al.,2019).Of the merging TBVs,JMTV is a novel pathogen that was first identified in Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the Jingmen city of Hubei province,China in 2010(Qin et al.,2014).展开更多
Ephemeroviruses(EVs)are arthropod-borne rhabdoviruses and were isolated exclusively from cattle and haematophagous arthropods until two new ephemeroviruses were first identified from domestic pigs most recently.Here w...Ephemeroviruses(EVs)are arthropod-borne rhabdoviruses and were isolated exclusively from cattle and haematophagous arthropods until two new ephemeroviruses were first identified from domestic pigs most recently.Here we report the identification of newer EVs in wild boar by meta-transcriptomic(MTT)sequencing.Further screening by specific RT-nPCR of tissue samples of 459 free-ranging wild boars collected between 2018 and 2023 from 26 provinces across China confirmed five positive wild boars in four provinces.Interestingly,two ticks especially collected from two positive wild boars were also EV positive.Finally,four complete genome sequences of wild boar ephemeroviruses(WbEVs)were obtained with two strains belonging to a new EV species,and the rest two falling into porcine ephemerovirus 2(PoEV2)species identified from domestic pigs.Our study has further extended EV host range and demonstrated natural circulations of divergent EVs in wild boars,in which ticks may play roles.Biological implications of EV infection in wild boars should be interesting topics for future investigations.展开更多
Four species of porcine circoviruses(PCV1–4)have been reported to circulate in Chinese domestic pigs,while the epizootiology of these viruses in free-ranging wild boars in China remains unknown.In this study,tissue a...Four species of porcine circoviruses(PCV1–4)have been reported to circulate in Chinese domestic pigs,while the epizootiology of these viruses in free-ranging wild boars in China remains unknown.In this study,tissue and serum samples collected from diseased or apparently healthy wild boars between 2018 and 2020 in 19 regions of China were tested for the prevalence of PCV1–4 infections.Positive rates of PCV1,PCV2,and PCV3 DNA in the tissue samples of Chinese wild boars were 1.6%(4/247),58.3%(144/247),and 10.9%(27/247)respectively,with none positive for PCV4.Sequence analysis of viral genome showed that the four PCV1 strains distributed in Hunan and Inner Mongolia shared 97.5%–99.6%sequence identity with global distributed reference strains.Comparison of the ORF2 gene sequences showed that 80 PCV2 strains widely distributed in 18 regions shared 79.5%–100%sequence identity with reference strains from domestic pigs and wild boars,and were grouped into PCV2a(7),PCV2b(31)and PCV2d(42).For PCV3,17 sequenced strains shared 97.2%–100%nucleotide identity at the genomic level and could be divided into PCV3a(3),PCV3b(2)and PCV3c(12)based on the phylogeny of ORF2 gene sequences.Serological data revealed antibody positive rates against PCV1 and PCV2 of 11.4%(19/167)and 53.9%(90/167)respectively.The data obtained in this study improved our understanding about the epidemiological situations of PCVs infection in free-ranging wild boars in China and will be valuable for the prevention and control of diseases caused by PCVs infection.展开更多
Dear Editor,Canine distemper virus(CDV)is the causal agent of a highly contagious viral infectious disease that affects domestic and wild carnivores globally.It is an enveloped,non-segmented negative sense RNA virus t...Dear Editor,Canine distemper virus(CDV)is the causal agent of a highly contagious viral infectious disease that affects domestic and wild carnivores globally.It is an enveloped,non-segmented negative sense RNA virus that belongs to the Morbillivirus genus in Paramyxoviridae family,which contains viruses of epidemiological relevance to humans and animals.Based on the variability of the hemagglutinin gene(H),CDV strains have been at least 21 major genetic lineages:America-1 to America-5,Canada-1 and-2,Asia-1 to Asia-6,Europe wild-life,Arctic,Africa-1/South Africa,Africa-2,South America-1 to South America-3 and Rockborn-like(Giacinti et al.,2022).Mutations in the binding sites of the H protein,which interact with viral entry receptors such as signaling lymphocytic activation molecule(SLAM)and nectin-4,are associated with the emergence of the disease in new host species(Beineke et al.,2015).展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1800200)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2021MC087)the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, China (SKLVBF202201)。
文摘The circulating avian influenza viruses in wild birds have a high possibility of spillover into domestic birds or mammals at the wild bird–domestic bird or bird–mammal interface. H8N4 viruses primarily circulate in migratory wild waterfowl and have rarely been identified in domestic birds. In this study, we summarized the spatial and temporal distribution of global H8 viruses, specified their natural reservoirs, and performed detailed evolutionary analysis onthe dominant H8N4 viruses. Here, we also report a novel H8N4 virus isolated from a Eurasian coot sample froma wetland in eastern China in 2022. Animal infection studies indicated that the wild bird-originated H8N4 virus can replicate and transmit efficiently in ducks but has not adapted to chickens. Additionally, this naturally isolated H8N4 virus can replicate in mice without prior adaptation. These results indicate that H8 viruses exist mainly in the wild duck reservoir and pose a high infection risk to domestic ducks. Therefore, the active surveillance of influenza viruses at the wild and domestic waterfowl interface will contribute to monitoring the circulation of these viruses.
基金supported by Wildlife Borne Infectious Diseases Monitoring Project of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China(2020076060)the National Key Research and Development Program of China to Changchun Tu(32130104).
文摘Dear Editor,In recent decades,vector-transmitted emerging and re-emerging diseases pose public health issues around the world,in which emerging tick-borne viruses(TBVs)have played a major role since they are widely distributed.TBVs have a wide range of hosts,including humans,livestock and rodents,with some of them able to cause severe diseases in human and domestic animals,such as Jingmen tick virus(JMTV)(Qin et al.,2014),tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)(Xing et al.,2017),and Alongshan virus(ALSV)(Wang et al.,2019).Of the merging TBVs,JMTV is a novel pathogen that was first identified in Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the Jingmen city of Hubei province,China in 2010(Qin et al.,2014).
基金supported by Wildlife Borne Infectious Diseases Monitoring Project of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China to Zhongzhong Tu(2020076060)the National Key Research and Development Program of China to Changchun Tu(32130104).
文摘Ephemeroviruses(EVs)are arthropod-borne rhabdoviruses and were isolated exclusively from cattle and haematophagous arthropods until two new ephemeroviruses were first identified from domestic pigs most recently.Here we report the identification of newer EVs in wild boar by meta-transcriptomic(MTT)sequencing.Further screening by specific RT-nPCR of tissue samples of 459 free-ranging wild boars collected between 2018 and 2023 from 26 provinces across China confirmed five positive wild boars in four provinces.Interestingly,two ticks especially collected from two positive wild boars were also EV positive.Finally,four complete genome sequences of wild boar ephemeroviruses(WbEVs)were obtained with two strains belonging to a new EV species,and the rest two falling into porcine ephemerovirus 2(PoEV2)species identified from domestic pigs.Our study has further extended EV host range and demonstrated natural circulations of divergent EVs in wild boars,in which ticks may play roles.Biological implications of EV infection in wild boars should be interesting topics for future investigations.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Z Tu(31902307)National Key Research and Development Program of China to C Tu(2017YFD0500104)Wildlife Borne Infectious Diseases Monitoring Project of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China.
文摘Four species of porcine circoviruses(PCV1–4)have been reported to circulate in Chinese domestic pigs,while the epizootiology of these viruses in free-ranging wild boars in China remains unknown.In this study,tissue and serum samples collected from diseased or apparently healthy wild boars between 2018 and 2020 in 19 regions of China were tested for the prevalence of PCV1–4 infections.Positive rates of PCV1,PCV2,and PCV3 DNA in the tissue samples of Chinese wild boars were 1.6%(4/247),58.3%(144/247),and 10.9%(27/247)respectively,with none positive for PCV4.Sequence analysis of viral genome showed that the four PCV1 strains distributed in Hunan and Inner Mongolia shared 97.5%–99.6%sequence identity with global distributed reference strains.Comparison of the ORF2 gene sequences showed that 80 PCV2 strains widely distributed in 18 regions shared 79.5%–100%sequence identity with reference strains from domestic pigs and wild boars,and were grouped into PCV2a(7),PCV2b(31)and PCV2d(42).For PCV3,17 sequenced strains shared 97.2%–100%nucleotide identity at the genomic level and could be divided into PCV3a(3),PCV3b(2)and PCV3c(12)based on the phylogeny of ORF2 gene sequences.Serological data revealed antibody positive rates against PCV1 and PCV2 of 11.4%(19/167)and 53.9%(90/167)respectively.The data obtained in this study improved our understanding about the epidemiological situations of PCVs infection in free-ranging wild boars in China and will be valuable for the prevention and control of diseases caused by PCVs infection.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Zhongzhong Tu(31902307)the National Key Research and Development Program of China to Changchun Tu and Na Feng(2017YFD0500104 and 2023YFF1305400)the Wildlife Borne Infectious Diseases Monitoring Project of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China.
文摘Dear Editor,Canine distemper virus(CDV)is the causal agent of a highly contagious viral infectious disease that affects domestic and wild carnivores globally.It is an enveloped,non-segmented negative sense RNA virus that belongs to the Morbillivirus genus in Paramyxoviridae family,which contains viruses of epidemiological relevance to humans and animals.Based on the variability of the hemagglutinin gene(H),CDV strains have been at least 21 major genetic lineages:America-1 to America-5,Canada-1 and-2,Asia-1 to Asia-6,Europe wild-life,Arctic,Africa-1/South Africa,Africa-2,South America-1 to South America-3 and Rockborn-like(Giacinti et al.,2022).Mutations in the binding sites of the H protein,which interact with viral entry receptors such as signaling lymphocytic activation molecule(SLAM)and nectin-4,are associated with the emergence of the disease in new host species(Beineke et al.,2015).
