Pyrus pyrifolia,commonly known as sand pear,is a key economic fruit tree in temperate regions that possesses highly diverse germplasm resources for pear quality improvement.However,research on the relationship between...Pyrus pyrifolia,commonly known as sand pear,is a key economic fruit tree in temperate regions that possesses highly diverse germplasm resources for pear quality improvement.However,research on the relationship between resistance and fruit quality traits in the breeding of fruit species like pear is limited.Pan-transcriptomes effectively capture genetic information from coding regions and reflect variations in gene expression between individuals.Here,we constructed a pan-transcriptome based on 506 samples from different tissues of sand pear,and explored the intrinsic relationships among phenotypes and the selection for disease resistance during improvement based on expression presence/absence variations(eP AVs).The pan-transcriptome in this study contains 156,744 transcripts,among which the novel transcripts showed significant enrichment in the defense response.Interestingly,disease resistance genes are highly expressed in landraces of pear but have been selected against during the improvement of this perennial tree species.We found that the genetically diverse landraces can be divided into two subgroups and inferred that they have undergone different dispersal processes.Through co-expression network analysis,we confirmed that the formation of stone cells in pears,the synthesis of fruit anthocyanins,and the ability to resist stress are interrelated.They are jointly regulated by several modules,and the expression of regulatory genes has significant correlations with these three processes.Moreover,we identified candidate genes such as HKL1 that may affect sugar content and are missing from the reference genome.This study provides insights into the associations between complex fruit traits,while providing a database resource for pear disease resistance and fruit quality breeding.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)with a poor overall survival rate(about 50%),particularly in cases of metastasis.RNA-based cancer bi...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)with a poor overall survival rate(about 50%),particularly in cases of metastasis.RNA-based cancer biomarkers are a relatively advanced concept,and non-coding RNAs currently have shown promising roles in the detection and treatment of various malignancies.This review underlines the function of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the OSCC and its subsequent clinical implications.LncRNAs,a class of non-coding RNAs,are larger than 200 nucleotides and resemble mRNA in numerous ways.However,unlike mRNA,lncRNA regulates multiple druggable and non-druggable signaling molecules through simultaneous interaction with DNA,RNA,proteins,or microRNAs depending on concentration and localization in cells.Upregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs and downregulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs are evident in OSCC tissues and body fluids such as blood and saliva indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers.Targeted inhibition of candidate oncogenic lncRNAs or overexpression of tumor suppressor lncRNAs showed potential therapeutic roles in in-vivo animal models.The types of lncRNAs that are expressed differentially in OSCC tissue and bodily fluids have been systematically documented with specificity and sensitivity.This review thoroughly discusses the biological functions of such lncRNAs in OSCC cell survival,proliferation,invasion,migration,metastasis,angiogenesis,metabolism,epigenetic modification,tumor immune microenvironment,and drug resistance.Subsequently,we addressed the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of lncRNAs in OSCC pre-clinical and clinical systems,providing details on ongoing research and outlining potential future directions for advancements in this field.In essence,this review could be a valuable resource by offering comprehensive and current insights into lncRNAs in OSCC for researchers in fundamental and clinical domains.展开更多
Background:The combination of senescence triggers with senolytic drugs is considered a promising new approach to cancer therapy.Here,we studied the efficacy of the genotoxic agent etoposide(Eto)and irradiation in indu...Background:The combination of senescence triggers with senolytic drugs is considered a promising new approach to cancer therapy.Here,we studied the efficacy of the genotoxic agent etoposide(Eto)and irradiation in inducing senescence of Panc02 pancreatic cancer cells,and the capability of the Bcl-2 inhibitor navitoclax(ABT-263;Nav)to trigger senolysis.Methods:Panc02 cells were treated with Eto or irradiated with 5–20 Gy before exposure to Nav.Cell survival,proliferation,and senescence were assessed by trypan blue staining,quantification of DNA synthesis,and staining of senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)-positive cells,respectively.Levels of mRNA were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction,and protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting.Panc02 cells were also grown as pancreatic tumors in mice,which were subsequently treated with Eto and Nav.Results:Eto and irradiation had an antiproliferative effect on Panc02 cells that was significantly or tendentially enhanced by Nav.In vivo,Eto and Nav together,but not Eto alone,significantly reduced the proportion of proliferating cells.The expression of the senescence markerγH2AX and tumor infiltration with T-cells were not affected by the treatment.In vitro,almost all Eto-exposed cells and a significant proportion of cells irradiated with 20 Gy were SA-β-Gal-positive.Application of Nav reduced the percentage of SA-β-Gal-positive cells after irradiation but not after pretreatment with Eto.In response to triggers of senescence,cultured Panc02 cells showed increased protein levels ofγH2AX and the autophagy marker LC3B-II,and higher mRNA levels of Cdkn1a,Mdm2,and PAI-1,while the effects of Nav were variable.Conclusions:In vitro and in vivo,the combination of senescence triggers with Nav inhibited tumor cell growth more effectively than the triggers alone.Our data also provide some evidence for senolytic effects of Nav in vitro.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection progresses through various phases,starting with inflammation and ending with hepatocellular carcinoma.There are several invasive and non-invasive methods to diagnose chronic ...BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection progresses through various phases,starting with inflammation and ending with hepatocellular carcinoma.There are several invasive and non-invasive methods to diagnose chronic HCV infection.The invasive methods have their benefits but are linked to morbidity and complications.Thus,it is important to analyze the potential of non-invasive methods as an alternative.Shear wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging tool widely validated in clinical and research studies as a surrogate marker of liver fibrosis.Liver fibrosis determination by invasive liver biopsy and non-invasive SWE agree closely in clinical studies and therefore both are gold standards.AIM To analyzed the diagnostic efficacy of non-invasive indices[serum fibronectin,aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index(APRI),alanine aminotransferase ratio(AAR),and fibrosis-4(FIB-4)]in relation to SWE.We have used an Artificial Intelligence method to predict the severity of liver fibrosis and uncover the complex relationship between non-invasive indices and fibrosis severity.METHODS We have conducted a hospital-based study considering 100 untreated patients detected as HCV positive using a quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay.We performed statistical and probabilistic analyses to determine the relationship between non-invasive indices and the severity of fibrosis.We also used standard diagnostic methods to measure the diagnostic accuracy for all the subjects.RESULTS The results of our study showed that fibronectin is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for predicting fibrosis stages(mild,moderate,and severe).This was based on its sensitivity(100%,92.2%,96.2%),specificity(96%,100%,98.6%),Youden’s index(0.960,0.922,0.948),area under receiver operating characteristic curve(0.999,0.993,0.922),and Likelihood test(LR+>10 and LR-<0.1).Additionally,our Bayesian Network analysis revealed that fibronectin(>200),AAR(>1),APRI(>3),and FIB-4(>4)were all strongly associated with patients who had severe fibrosis,with a 100% probability.CONCLUSION We have found a strong correlation between fibronectin and liver fibrosis progression in HCV patients.Additionally,we observed that the severity of liver fibrosis increases with an increase in the non-invasive indices that we investigated.展开更多
Cauliflower is an important variety of Brassica oleracea and is planted worldwide.Here,the high-quality genome sequence of cauliflower was reported.The assembled cauliflower genome was 584.60 Mb in size,with a contig ...Cauliflower is an important variety of Brassica oleracea and is planted worldwide.Here,the high-quality genome sequence of cauliflower was reported.The assembled cauliflower genome was 584.60 Mb in size,with a contig N50 of 2.11 Mb,and contained 47,772 genes;56.65%of the genome was composed of repetitive sequences.Among these sequences,long terminal repeats(LTRs)were the most abundant(32.71%of the genome),followed by transposable elements(TEs)(12.62%).Comparative genomic analysis confirmed that after an ancient paleohexaploidy(γ)event,cauliflower underwent two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events shared with Arabidopsis and an additional whole-genome triplication(WGT)event shared with other Brassica species.The present cultivated cauliflower diverged from the ancestral B.oleracea species~3.0 million years ago(Mya).The speciation of cauliflower(~2.0 Mya)was later than that of B.oleracea L.var.capitata(approximately 2.6 Mya)and other Brassica species(over 2.0 Mya).Chromosome no.03 of cauliflower shared the most syntenic blocks with the A,B,and C genomes of Brassica species and its eight other chromosomes,implying that chromosome no.03 might be the most ancient one in the cauliflower genome,which was consistent with the chromosome being inherited from the common ancestor of Brassica species.In addition,2,718 specific genes,228 expanded genes,2 contracted genes,and 1,065 positively selected genes in cauliflower were identified and functionally annotated.These findings provide new insights into the genomic diversity of Brassica species and serve as a valuable reference for molecular breeding of cauliflower.展开更多
The aromatic shrub Lavandula angustifolia produces various volatile terpenoids that serve as resources for essential oils and function in plant-insect communication.To better understand the genetic basis of the terpen...The aromatic shrub Lavandula angustifolia produces various volatile terpenoids that serve as resources for essential oils and function in plant-insect communication.To better understand the genetic basis of the terpenoid diversity in lavender,we present a high-quality reference genome for the Chinese lavender cultivar‘Jingxun 2'using PacBio and Hi-C technologies to anchor the 894.50 Mb genome assembly into 27 pseudochromosomes.In addition to the y triplication event,lavender underwent two rounds of whole-genome duplication(WGD)during the Eocene-Oligocene(29.6 MYA)and Miocene-Pliocene(6.9 MYA)transitions.As a result of tandem duplications and lineage-specific WGDs,gene families related to terpenoid biosynthesis in lavender are substantially expanded compared to those of five other species in Lamiaceae.Many terpenoid biosynthesis transcripts are abundant in glandular trichomes.We further integrated the contents of ecologically functional terpenoids and coexpressed terpenoid biosynthetic genes to construct terpenoid-gene networks.Typical gene clusters,including TPS-TPS,TPS-CYP450,and TPS-BAHD,linked with compounds that primarily function as attractants or repellents,were identified by their similar patterns of change during flower development or in response to methyl jasmonate.Comprehensive analysis of the genetic basis of the production of volatiles in lavender could serve as a foundation for future research into lavender evolution,phytochemistry,and ecology.展开更多
Centipedegrass[Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro)Hack.],a member of the Panicoideae subfamily,is one of the most important warm-season turfgrasses originating from China.This grass has an extremely developed prostrate grow...Centipedegrass[Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro)Hack.],a member of the Panicoideae subfamily,is one of the most important warm-season turfgrasses originating from China.This grass has an extremely developed prostrate growth habit and has been widely used in transitional and warm climatic regions.To better understand the genetic basis of important biological characteristics,such as prostrate growth and seed yield,in warm-season turfgrasses,we present a high-quality reference genome for centipedegrass and use PacBio,BioNano,and Hi-C technologies to anchor the 867.43 Mb genome assembly into nine pseudochromosomes,with a scaffold N50 of 86.05 Mb and 36,572 annotated genes.Centipedegrass was most closely related to sorghum and diverged from their common ancestor~16.8 Mya.We detected a novel chromosome reshuf fling event in centipedegrass,namely,the nest chromosome fusion event in which fusion of chromosomes 8 and 10 of sorghum into chromosome 3 of centipedegrass likely occurred after the divergence of centipedegrass from sorghum.The typical prostrate growth trait in centipedegrass may be linked to the expansion of candidate PROSTRATE GROWTH 1(PROG1)genes on chromosome 2.Two orthologous genes of OsPROGl,EoPROGl,and EoPROG2,were con firmed to increase the stem number and decrease the stem angle in Arabidopsis.Collectively,our assembled reference genome of centipedegrass offers new knowledge and resources to dissect the genome evolution of Panicoideae and accelerate genome-assisted breeding and improvement of plant architecture in turf plants.展开更多
In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and func...In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and functional properties.Significant differences in starch particle morphology,swelling power,solubility,syneresis,crystalline pattern,and pasting viscosity were observed among the starches from these nontraditional sources.Further,all these isolated starches had unique properties because of their characteristic distinct granules when seen under scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The amylose content of the isolated starches shown significant difference(P<0.05),and the values ranged between 11.46%and 37.61%.Results demonstrated that the isolated starches contained between 79.82%to 86.56%starch,indicating that the isolated starches had high purity.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns of starches isolated from sorghum,proso millet,quinoa,purple potato,and gorgon fruit presented A-type diffraction pattern;while lentil seeds,arrowhead,and chickpea starches presented C-type diffraction pattern.Overall,these results will promote the development of products based on starch isolated from non-traditional starches.展开更多
Common wheat(Triticum aestiuum L.)is one of the most important crops because it provides about 20%of the total calories for humans.T.aestiuum is an excellent modern species for studying concerted evolution of sub-geno...Common wheat(Triticum aestiuum L.)is one of the most important crops because it provides about 20%of the total calories for humans.T.aestiuum is an excellent modern species for studying concerted evolution of sub-genomes in polyploid species,because of its large chromosome size and three well-known genome donors.Establishment of common wheat genome reference sequence and development of high-density SNP chips provide an excellent foundation to answer questions of wheat evolution and breeding at the genomic level.By genotyping more than 600 accessions of common wheat and their diploid and tetraploid ancestors using a Wheat660 K SNP array,we found dramatic genome changes due to tetraploidization and hexaploidization,in contrast to weaker influences of domestication and breeding on them.Further,since common wheat was introduced in China in 1500 BCE,Chinese landraces formed two subgroups(T.aestiuum-L1 and T.aestiuum-L2)with considerably diverse geographic distributions and agronomic traits.T.aestiuum-L2,mainly distributed in central and east China is found to have more but smaller oval grains with early maturity characteristics.We found that variation and selection in intergenic regions of the A and B sub-genomes dominated this differentiation,in which chromosomes 7 A and 3 B took the leading roles due to the existence of putative genes related to defense responses and environmental adaption in the highly differentiated regions.Large haplotype blocks were detected on 3 B(232.6-398.3 Mb)and 7 A(211.7-272.9 Mb)in the landraces,forming two distinct haplotypes,respectively.We discovered that artificial crosses in breeding promoted recombination in the whole genome,however,this recombination and differentiation was highly asymmetric among the three sub-genomes in homoeologous regions.In addition,we found that the wide use of European and northern American cultivars in breeding at early era,led dramatic changes in Chinese wheat genome,whereas,the recent breeding functioned to optimize it.This study will provide the insight for reconsideration of wheat evolution and breeding,and a new strategy for parent selection in breeding.展开更多
Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)is an important perennial fruit tree with a range of interesting horticultural traits.It was domesticated from wild jujube(Ziziphus acidojujuba),but the genomic variation dynamics and gene...Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)is an important perennial fruit tree with a range of interesting horticultural traits.It was domesticated from wild jujube(Ziziphus acidojujuba),but the genomic variation dynamics and genetic changes underlying its horticultural traits during domestication are poorly understood.Here,we report a comprehensive genome variation map based on the resequencing of 350 accessions,including wild,semi-wild and cultivated jujube plants,at a>15×depth.Using the combination of a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and selective sweep analysis,we identified several candidate genes potentially involved in regulating seven domestication traits in jujube.For fruit shape and kernel shape,we integrated the GWAS approach with transcriptome profiling data,expression analysis and the transgenic validation of a candidate gene to identify a causal gene,ZjFS3,which encodes an ethyleneresponsive transcription factor.Similarly,we identified a candidate gene for bearing-shoot length and the number of leaves per bearing shoot and two candidate genes for the seed-setting rate using GWAS.In the selective sweep analysis,we also discovered several putative genes for the presence of prickles on bearing shoots and the postharvest shelf life of fleshy fruits.This study outlines the genetic basis of jujube domestication and evolution and provides a rich genomic resource for mining other horticulturally important genes in jujube.展开更多
Medicago polymorpha is a nutritious and palatable forage and vegetable plant that also fixes nitrogen.Here,we reveal the chromosome-scale genome sequence of M.polymorpha using an integrated approach including Illumina...Medicago polymorpha is a nutritious and palatable forage and vegetable plant that also fixes nitrogen.Here,we reveal the chromosome-scale genome sequence of M.polymorpha using an integrated approach including Illumina,PacBio and Hi-C technologies.We combined PacBio full-length RNA-seq,metabolomic analysis,structural anatomy analysis and related physiological indexes to elucidate the important agronomic traits of M.polymorpha for forage and vegetable usage.The assembled M.polymorpha genome consisted of 457.53Mb with a long scaffold N50 of 57.72Mb,and 92.92%(441.83Mb)of the assembly was assigned to seven pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that expansion and contraction of the photosynthesis and lignin biosynthetic gene families,respectively,led to enhancement of nutritious compounds and reduced lignin biosynthesis in M.polymorpha.In addition,we found that several positively selected nitrogen metabolism-related genes were responsible for crude protein biosynthesis.Notably,the metabolomic results revealed that a large number of flavonoids,vitamins,alkaloids,and terpenoids were enriched in M.polymorpha.These results imply that the decreased lignin content but relatively high nutrient content of M.polymorpha enhance its edibility and nutritional value as a forage and vegetable.Our genomic data provide a genetic basis that will accelerate functional genomic and breeding research on M.polymorpha as well as other Medicago and legume plants.展开更多
Coptis chinensis Franch, a perennial herb, is mainly distributed in southeastern China. The rhizome of C. chinensis hasbeen used as a traditional medicine for more than 2000 years in China and many other Asian countri...Coptis chinensis Franch, a perennial herb, is mainly distributed in southeastern China. The rhizome of C. chinensis hasbeen used as a traditional medicine for more than 2000 years in China and many other Asian countries. Thepharmacological activities of C. chinensis have been validated by research. Here, we present a de novo high-qualitygenome of C. chinensis with a chromosome-level genome of ~958.20 Mb, a contig N50 of 1.58 Mb, and a scaffold N50of 4.53 Mb. We found that the relatively large genome size of C. chinensis was caused by the amplification of longterminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. In addition, a whole-genome duplication event in ancestral Ranunculales wasdiscovered. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC) and (S)-norcoclaurinesynthase (NCS) genes were expanded and that the aspartate aminotransferase gene (ASP5) was positively selected inthe berberine metabolic pathway. Expression level and HPLC analyses showed that the berberine content was highestin the roots of C. chinensis in the third and fourth years. The chromosome-level reference genome of C. chinensisprovides important genomic data for molecular-assisted breeding and active ingredient biosynthesis.展开更多
Pitaya(Hylocereus)is the most economically important fleshy-fruited tree of the Cactaceae family that is grown worldwide,and it has attracted significant attention because of its betalain-abundant fruits.Nonetheless,t...Pitaya(Hylocereus)is the most economically important fleshy-fruited tree of the Cactaceae family that is grown worldwide,and it has attracted significant attention because of its betalain-abundant fruits.Nonetheless,the lack of a pitaya reference genome significantly hinders studies focused on its evolution,as well as the potential for genetic improvement of this crop.Herein,we employed various sequencing approaches,namely,PacBio-SMRT,Illumina HiSeq paired-end,10×Genomics,and Hi-C(high-throughput chromosome conformation capture)to provide a chromosome-level genomic assembly of‘GHB’pitaya(H.undatus,2n=2x=22 chromosomes).The size of the assembled pitaya genome was 1.41 Gb,with a scaffold N50 of~127.15 Mb.In total,27,753 protein-coding genes and 896.31Mb of repetitive sequences in the H.undatus genome were annotated.Pitaya has undergone a WGT(whole-genome triplication),and a recent WGD(whole-genome duplication)occurred after the gamma event,which is common to the other species in Cactaceae.A total of 29,328 intact LTR-RTs(~696.45Mb)were obtained in H.undatus,of which two significantly expanded lineages,Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy,were the main drivers of the expanded genome.A high-density genetic map of F1 hybrid populations of‘GHB’בDahong’pitayas(H.monacanthus)and their parents were constructed,and a total of 20,872 bin markers were identified(56,380 SNPs)for 11 linkage groups.More importantly,through transcriptomic and WGCNA(weighted gene coexpression network analysis),a global view of the gene regulatory network,including structural genes and the transcription factors involved in pitaya fruit betalain biosynthesis,was presented.Our data present a valuable resource for facilitating molecular breeding programs of pitaya and shed novel light on its genomic evolution,as well as the modulation of betalain biosynthesis in edible fruits.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes(T2D)mellitus is a common complex disease that currently affects more than 400 million people worldwide and has become a global health problem.High-throughput sequencing technologies such as whole-genom...Type 2 diabetes(T2D)mellitus is a common complex disease that currently affects more than 400 million people worldwide and has become a global health problem.High-throughput sequencing technologies such as whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing approaches have provided numerous new insights into the molecular bases of T2D.Recent advances in the application of sequencing technologies to T2D research include,but are not limited to:(1)Fine mapping of causal rare and common genetic variants;(2)Identification of confident genelevel associations;(3)Identification of novel candidate genes by specific scoring approaches;(4)Interrogation of disease-relevant genes and pathways by transcriptional profiling and epigenome mapping techniques;and(5)Investigation of microbial community alterations in patients with T2D.In this work we review these advances in application of next-generation sequencing methods for elucidation of T2D pathogenesis,as well as progress and challenges in implementation of this new knowledge about T2D genetics in diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of the disease.展开更多
Importance of urease activity on pathogenic differences among Brucella species was evaluated. In cell-free extracts, the B. suis urease showed 12 times greater specific activity than the B. melitensis urease. When Fis...Importance of urease activity on pathogenic differences among Brucella species was evaluated. In cell-free extracts, the B. suis urease showed 12 times greater specific activity than the B. melitensis urease. When Fisher-344 rats were inoculated intraperitoneally (IP), at 1 week post-inoculation (PI), B. melitensis wild type 16 M was recovered from spleens and livers in greater numbers than B. suis wild type 1330. At 8 weeks PI, spleens were clear of B. melitensis, whereas B. suis remained. The wild type and the urease deficient strains of B. suis did not differ from each other in terms of recovery from spleen or liver. Our observations suggest that B. melitensis induces greater acute infectivity in Fisher-344 rats, whereas B. suis causes chronic infectivity;and urease activity has no influence on Brucella infection using an IP route.展开更多
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide.It is a cancer that originates from the mammary ducts and involves mutations in multiple genes.Recently,the treatment of breast ca...Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide.It is a cancer that originates from the mammary ducts and involves mutations in multiple genes.Recently,the treatment of breast cancer has become increasingly challenging owing to the increase in tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness,which gives rise to therapeutic resistance.Epidemiological,populationbased,and hospital-based case-control studies have demonstrated an association between high intake of certain Allium vegetables and a reduced risk in the development of breast cancer.Diallyl disulfide(DADS)and diallyl trisulfide(DATS)are the main allyl sulfur compounds present in garlic,and are known to exhibit anticancer activity as they interfere with breast cancer cell proliferation,tumor metastasis,and angiogenesis.The present review highlights multidrug resistance mechanisms and their signaling pathways in breast cancer.This review discusses the potential anticancer activities of DADS and DATS,with emphasis on drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Understanding the anticancer activities of DADS and DATS provides insights into their potential in targeting drug resistance mechanisms of TNBC,especially in clinical studies.展开更多
Flatheads are valuable commercial fish species endemic to the Indo-West Pacific.Due to their economic value and unique biological traits,such as metamorphosis and camouflage,they serve as ideal marine organisms for st...Flatheads are valuable commercial fish species endemic to the Indo-West Pacific.Due to their economic value and unique biological traits,such as metamorphosis and camouflage,they serve as ideal marine organisms for studies on demersal adaptation and evolution.The brown-spotted flathead(Platycephalus sp.1)is the most widely distributed in the northwestern Pacific.Despite the lack of a valid scientific name,it has been long recognized and exploited in the marine fisheries of China,Japan,and Korea.In the current study。展开更多
Opium poppy(Papaver somniferum)is a source of morphine,codeine,and semisynthetic derivatives,including oxycodone and naltrexone.Here,we report the de novo assembly and genomic analysis of P.somniferum traditional land...Opium poppy(Papaver somniferum)is a source of morphine,codeine,and semisynthetic derivatives,including oxycodone and naltrexone.Here,we report the de novo assembly and genomic analysis of P.somniferum traditional landrace‘Chinese Herbal Medicine’.Variations between the 2.62 Gb CHM genome and that of the previously sequenced high noscapine 1(HN1)variety were also explored.Among 79,668 protein-coding genes,we functionally annotated 88.9%,compared to 68.8%reported in the HN1 genome.Gene family and 4DTv comparative analyses with three other Papaveraceae species revealed that opium poppy underwent two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events.The first of these,in ancestral Ranunculales,expanded gene families related to characteristic secondary metabolite production and disease resistance.The more recent species-specific WGD mediated by transposable elements resulted in massive genome expansion.Genes carrying structural variations and large-effect variants associated with agronomically different phenotypes between CHM and HN1 that were identified through our transcriptomic comparison of multiple organs and developmental stages can enable the development of new varieties.These genomic and transcriptomic analyses will provide a valuable resource that informs future basic and agricultural studies of the opium poppy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(32230097)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200503)+2 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-28)the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2023]412)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Young Scholar,China(BK20221010)。
文摘Pyrus pyrifolia,commonly known as sand pear,is a key economic fruit tree in temperate regions that possesses highly diverse germplasm resources for pear quality improvement.However,research on the relationship between resistance and fruit quality traits in the breeding of fruit species like pear is limited.Pan-transcriptomes effectively capture genetic information from coding regions and reflect variations in gene expression between individuals.Here,we constructed a pan-transcriptome based on 506 samples from different tissues of sand pear,and explored the intrinsic relationships among phenotypes and the selection for disease resistance during improvement based on expression presence/absence variations(eP AVs).The pan-transcriptome in this study contains 156,744 transcripts,among which the novel transcripts showed significant enrichment in the defense response.Interestingly,disease resistance genes are highly expressed in landraces of pear but have been selected against during the improvement of this perennial tree species.We found that the genetically diverse landraces can be divided into two subgroups and inferred that they have undergone different dispersal processes.Through co-expression network analysis,we confirmed that the formation of stone cells in pears,the synthesis of fruit anthocyanins,and the ability to resist stress are interrelated.They are jointly regulated by several modules,and the expression of regulatory genes has significant correlations with these three processes.Moreover,we identified candidate genes such as HKL1 that may affect sugar content and are missing from the reference genome.This study provides insights into the associations between complex fruit traits,while providing a database resource for pear disease resistance and fruit quality breeding.
基金the Ramalingaswami Re-Entry Fellowship,Department of Biotechnology,Govt.of India to S.Sur(BT/RLF/Re-Entry/47/2021).
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)with a poor overall survival rate(about 50%),particularly in cases of metastasis.RNA-based cancer biomarkers are a relatively advanced concept,and non-coding RNAs currently have shown promising roles in the detection and treatment of various malignancies.This review underlines the function of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the OSCC and its subsequent clinical implications.LncRNAs,a class of non-coding RNAs,are larger than 200 nucleotides and resemble mRNA in numerous ways.However,unlike mRNA,lncRNA regulates multiple druggable and non-druggable signaling molecules through simultaneous interaction with DNA,RNA,proteins,or microRNAs depending on concentration and localization in cells.Upregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs and downregulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs are evident in OSCC tissues and body fluids such as blood and saliva indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers.Targeted inhibition of candidate oncogenic lncRNAs or overexpression of tumor suppressor lncRNAs showed potential therapeutic roles in in-vivo animal models.The types of lncRNAs that are expressed differentially in OSCC tissue and bodily fluids have been systematically documented with specificity and sensitivity.This review thoroughly discusses the biological functions of such lncRNAs in OSCC cell survival,proliferation,invasion,migration,metastasis,angiogenesis,metabolism,epigenetic modification,tumor immune microenvironment,and drug resistance.Subsequently,we addressed the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of lncRNAs in OSCC pre-clinical and clinical systems,providing details on ongoing research and outlining potential future directions for advancements in this field.In essence,this review could be a valuable resource by offering comprehensive and current insights into lncRNAs in OSCC for researchers in fundamental and clinical domains.
基金supported by a grant from the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung(01ZX1903A).
文摘Background:The combination of senescence triggers with senolytic drugs is considered a promising new approach to cancer therapy.Here,we studied the efficacy of the genotoxic agent etoposide(Eto)and irradiation in inducing senescence of Panc02 pancreatic cancer cells,and the capability of the Bcl-2 inhibitor navitoclax(ABT-263;Nav)to trigger senolysis.Methods:Panc02 cells were treated with Eto or irradiated with 5–20 Gy before exposure to Nav.Cell survival,proliferation,and senescence were assessed by trypan blue staining,quantification of DNA synthesis,and staining of senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)-positive cells,respectively.Levels of mRNA were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction,and protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting.Panc02 cells were also grown as pancreatic tumors in mice,which were subsequently treated with Eto and Nav.Results:Eto and irradiation had an antiproliferative effect on Panc02 cells that was significantly or tendentially enhanced by Nav.In vivo,Eto and Nav together,but not Eto alone,significantly reduced the proportion of proliferating cells.The expression of the senescence markerγH2AX and tumor infiltration with T-cells were not affected by the treatment.In vitro,almost all Eto-exposed cells and a significant proportion of cells irradiated with 20 Gy were SA-β-Gal-positive.Application of Nav reduced the percentage of SA-β-Gal-positive cells after irradiation but not after pretreatment with Eto.In response to triggers of senescence,cultured Panc02 cells showed increased protein levels ofγH2AX and the autophagy marker LC3B-II,and higher mRNA levels of Cdkn1a,Mdm2,and PAI-1,while the effects of Nav were variable.Conclusions:In vitro and in vivo,the combination of senescence triggers with Nav inhibited tumor cell growth more effectively than the triggers alone.Our data also provide some evidence for senolytic effects of Nav in vitro.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection progresses through various phases,starting with inflammation and ending with hepatocellular carcinoma.There are several invasive and non-invasive methods to diagnose chronic HCV infection.The invasive methods have their benefits but are linked to morbidity and complications.Thus,it is important to analyze the potential of non-invasive methods as an alternative.Shear wave elastography(SWE)is a non-invasive imaging tool widely validated in clinical and research studies as a surrogate marker of liver fibrosis.Liver fibrosis determination by invasive liver biopsy and non-invasive SWE agree closely in clinical studies and therefore both are gold standards.AIM To analyzed the diagnostic efficacy of non-invasive indices[serum fibronectin,aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index(APRI),alanine aminotransferase ratio(AAR),and fibrosis-4(FIB-4)]in relation to SWE.We have used an Artificial Intelligence method to predict the severity of liver fibrosis and uncover the complex relationship between non-invasive indices and fibrosis severity.METHODS We have conducted a hospital-based study considering 100 untreated patients detected as HCV positive using a quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay.We performed statistical and probabilistic analyses to determine the relationship between non-invasive indices and the severity of fibrosis.We also used standard diagnostic methods to measure the diagnostic accuracy for all the subjects.RESULTS The results of our study showed that fibronectin is a highly accurate diagnostic tool for predicting fibrosis stages(mild,moderate,and severe).This was based on its sensitivity(100%,92.2%,96.2%),specificity(96%,100%,98.6%),Youden’s index(0.960,0.922,0.948),area under receiver operating characteristic curve(0.999,0.993,0.922),and Likelihood test(LR+>10 and LR-<0.1).Additionally,our Bayesian Network analysis revealed that fibronectin(>200),AAR(>1),APRI(>3),and FIB-4(>4)were all strongly associated with patients who had severe fibrosis,with a 100% probability.CONCLUSION We have found a strong correlation between fibronectin and liver fibrosis progression in HCV patients.Additionally,we observed that the severity of liver fibrosis increases with an increase in the non-invasive indices that we investigated.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101805)the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China(CARS-23-A-07)+1 种基金the Vegetable Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,Tianjin(ITTVRS2017004)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872115).
文摘Cauliflower is an important variety of Brassica oleracea and is planted worldwide.Here,the high-quality genome sequence of cauliflower was reported.The assembled cauliflower genome was 584.60 Mb in size,with a contig N50 of 2.11 Mb,and contained 47,772 genes;56.65%of the genome was composed of repetitive sequences.Among these sequences,long terminal repeats(LTRs)were the most abundant(32.71%of the genome),followed by transposable elements(TEs)(12.62%).Comparative genomic analysis confirmed that after an ancient paleohexaploidy(γ)event,cauliflower underwent two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events shared with Arabidopsis and an additional whole-genome triplication(WGT)event shared with other Brassica species.The present cultivated cauliflower diverged from the ancestral B.oleracea species~3.0 million years ago(Mya).The speciation of cauliflower(~2.0 Mya)was later than that of B.oleracea L.var.capitata(approximately 2.6 Mya)and other Brassica species(over 2.0 Mya).Chromosome no.03 of cauliflower shared the most syntenic blocks with the A,B,and C genomes of Brassica species and its eight other chromosomes,implying that chromosome no.03 might be the most ancient one in the cauliflower genome,which was consistent with the chromosome being inherited from the common ancestor of Brassica species.In addition,2,718 specific genes,228 expanded genes,2 contracted genes,and 1,065 positively selected genes in cauliflower were identified and functionally annotated.These findings provide new insights into the genomic diversity of Brassica species and serve as a valuable reference for molecular breeding of cauliflower.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA23080603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31701956)。
文摘The aromatic shrub Lavandula angustifolia produces various volatile terpenoids that serve as resources for essential oils and function in plant-insect communication.To better understand the genetic basis of the terpenoid diversity in lavender,we present a high-quality reference genome for the Chinese lavender cultivar‘Jingxun 2'using PacBio and Hi-C technologies to anchor the 894.50 Mb genome assembly into 27 pseudochromosomes.In addition to the y triplication event,lavender underwent two rounds of whole-genome duplication(WGD)during the Eocene-Oligocene(29.6 MYA)and Miocene-Pliocene(6.9 MYA)transitions.As a result of tandem duplications and lineage-specific WGDs,gene families related to terpenoid biosynthesis in lavender are substantially expanded compared to those of five other species in Lamiaceae.Many terpenoid biosynthesis transcripts are abundant in glandular trichomes.We further integrated the contents of ecologically functional terpenoids and coexpressed terpenoid biosynthetic genes to construct terpenoid-gene networks.Typical gene clusters,including TPS-TPS,TPS-CYP450,and TPS-BAHD,linked with compounds that primarily function as attractants or repellents,were identified by their similar patterns of change during flower development or in response to methyl jasmonate.Comprehensive analysis of the genetic basis of the production of volatiles in lavender could serve as a foundation for future research into lavender evolution,phytochemistry,and ecology.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.31902060,31771870,31902046,32072608]the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China[Grant No.BK20180315,BK20200288]+1 种基金the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Tech no logy Inno vatio n Fund[Grant No.CX(20)3141]the Open Fund of Jia ngsu Provin cial Key Lab oratory for the Resea rch and Utilizati on of Pla nt Resource,China[Grant No.JSPKLB201840,JSPKLB201817,JSPKLB201927].
文摘Centipedegrass[Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro)Hack.],a member of the Panicoideae subfamily,is one of the most important warm-season turfgrasses originating from China.This grass has an extremely developed prostrate growth habit and has been widely used in transitional and warm climatic regions.To better understand the genetic basis of important biological characteristics,such as prostrate growth and seed yield,in warm-season turfgrasses,we present a high-quality reference genome for centipedegrass and use PacBio,BioNano,and Hi-C technologies to anchor the 867.43 Mb genome assembly into nine pseudochromosomes,with a scaffold N50 of 86.05 Mb and 36,572 annotated genes.Centipedegrass was most closely related to sorghum and diverged from their common ancestor~16.8 Mya.We detected a novel chromosome reshuf fling event in centipedegrass,namely,the nest chromosome fusion event in which fusion of chromosomes 8 and 10 of sorghum into chromosome 3 of centipedegrass likely occurred after the divergence of centipedegrass from sorghum.The typical prostrate growth trait in centipedegrass may be linked to the expansion of candidate PROSTRATE GROWTH 1(PROG1)genes on chromosome 2.Two orthologous genes of OsPROGl,EoPROGl,and EoPROG2,were con firmed to increase the stem number and decrease the stem angle in Arabidopsis.Collectively,our assembled reference genome of centipedegrass offers new knowledge and resources to dissect the genome evolution of Panicoideae and accelerate genome-assisted breeding and improvement of plant architecture in turf plants.
基金jointly supported by two research grants(R202016 and R202017)from Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College,China。
文摘In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and functional properties.Significant differences in starch particle morphology,swelling power,solubility,syneresis,crystalline pattern,and pasting viscosity were observed among the starches from these nontraditional sources.Further,all these isolated starches had unique properties because of their characteristic distinct granules when seen under scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The amylose content of the isolated starches shown significant difference(P<0.05),and the values ranged between 11.46%and 37.61%.Results demonstrated that the isolated starches contained between 79.82%to 86.56%starch,indicating that the isolated starches had high purity.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns of starches isolated from sorghum,proso millet,quinoa,purple potato,and gorgon fruit presented A-type diffraction pattern;while lentil seeds,arrowhead,and chickpea starches presented C-type diffraction pattern.Overall,these results will promote the development of products based on starch isolated from non-traditional starches.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100302)the CAAS Program(Y2017PT39)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production。
文摘Common wheat(Triticum aestiuum L.)is one of the most important crops because it provides about 20%of the total calories for humans.T.aestiuum is an excellent modern species for studying concerted evolution of sub-genomes in polyploid species,because of its large chromosome size and three well-known genome donors.Establishment of common wheat genome reference sequence and development of high-density SNP chips provide an excellent foundation to answer questions of wheat evolution and breeding at the genomic level.By genotyping more than 600 accessions of common wheat and their diploid and tetraploid ancestors using a Wheat660 K SNP array,we found dramatic genome changes due to tetraploidization and hexaploidization,in contrast to weaker influences of domestication and breeding on them.Further,since common wheat was introduced in China in 1500 BCE,Chinese landraces formed two subgroups(T.aestiuum-L1 and T.aestiuum-L2)with considerably diverse geographic distributions and agronomic traits.T.aestiuum-L2,mainly distributed in central and east China is found to have more but smaller oval grains with early maturity characteristics.We found that variation and selection in intergenic regions of the A and B sub-genomes dominated this differentiation,in which chromosomes 7 A and 3 B took the leading roles due to the existence of putative genes related to defense responses and environmental adaption in the highly differentiated regions.Large haplotype blocks were detected on 3 B(232.6-398.3 Mb)and 7 A(211.7-272.9 Mb)in the landraces,forming two distinct haplotypes,respectively.We discovered that artificial crosses in breeding promoted recombination in the whole genome,however,this recombination and differentiation was highly asymmetric among the three sub-genomes in homoeologous regions.In addition,we found that the wide use of European and northern American cultivars in breeding at early era,led dramatic changes in Chinese wheat genome,whereas,the recent breeding functioned to optimize it.This study will provide the insight for reconsideration of wheat evolution and breeding,and a new strategy for parent selection in breeding.
基金supported by the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(192102110058 and 202102110046)the Key Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(17A180030).
文摘Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)is an important perennial fruit tree with a range of interesting horticultural traits.It was domesticated from wild jujube(Ziziphus acidojujuba),but the genomic variation dynamics and genetic changes underlying its horticultural traits during domestication are poorly understood.Here,we report a comprehensive genome variation map based on the resequencing of 350 accessions,including wild,semi-wild and cultivated jujube plants,at a>15×depth.Using the combination of a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and selective sweep analysis,we identified several candidate genes potentially involved in regulating seven domestication traits in jujube.For fruit shape and kernel shape,we integrated the GWAS approach with transcriptome profiling data,expression analysis and the transgenic validation of a candidate gene to identify a causal gene,ZjFS3,which encodes an ethyleneresponsive transcription factor.Similarly,we identified a candidate gene for bearing-shoot length and the number of leaves per bearing shoot and two candidate genes for the seed-setting rate using GWAS.In the selective sweep analysis,we also discovered several putative genes for the presence of prickles on bearing shoots and the postharvest shelf life of fleshy fruits.This study outlines the genetic basis of jujube domestication and evolution and provides a rich genomic resource for mining other horticulturally important genes in jujube.
基金the Graduate Student Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX20_2992).
文摘Medicago polymorpha is a nutritious and palatable forage and vegetable plant that also fixes nitrogen.Here,we reveal the chromosome-scale genome sequence of M.polymorpha using an integrated approach including Illumina,PacBio and Hi-C technologies.We combined PacBio full-length RNA-seq,metabolomic analysis,structural anatomy analysis and related physiological indexes to elucidate the important agronomic traits of M.polymorpha for forage and vegetable usage.The assembled M.polymorpha genome consisted of 457.53Mb with a long scaffold N50 of 57.72Mb,and 92.92%(441.83Mb)of the assembly was assigned to seven pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that expansion and contraction of the photosynthesis and lignin biosynthetic gene families,respectively,led to enhancement of nutritious compounds and reduced lignin biosynthesis in M.polymorpha.In addition,we found that several positively selected nitrogen metabolism-related genes were responsible for crude protein biosynthesis.Notably,the metabolomic results revealed that a large number of flavonoids,vitamins,alkaloids,and terpenoids were enriched in M.polymorpha.These results imply that the decreased lignin content but relatively high nutrient content of M.polymorpha enhance its edibility and nutritional value as a forage and vegetable.Our genomic data provide a genetic basis that will accelerate functional genomic and breeding research on M.polymorpha as well as other Medicago and legume plants.
基金the Basic Research Projects of Chongqing Province(No.cstc2017jxjl-jbky-120013)China National Science and Technology Project of the 12th 5-Year Plan(2011BAI13B02-1)Chongqing Platform and Base Construction Project(cstc2014ptjd10001).
文摘Coptis chinensis Franch, a perennial herb, is mainly distributed in southeastern China. The rhizome of C. chinensis hasbeen used as a traditional medicine for more than 2000 years in China and many other Asian countries. Thepharmacological activities of C. chinensis have been validated by research. Here, we present a de novo high-qualitygenome of C. chinensis with a chromosome-level genome of ~958.20 Mb, a contig N50 of 1.58 Mb, and a scaffold N50of 4.53 Mb. We found that the relatively large genome size of C. chinensis was caused by the amplification of longterminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. In addition, a whole-genome duplication event in ancestral Ranunculales wasdiscovered. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC) and (S)-norcoclaurinesynthase (NCS) genes were expanded and that the aspartate aminotransferase gene (ASP5) was positively selected inthe berberine metabolic pathway. Expression level and HPLC analyses showed that the berberine content was highestin the roots of C. chinensis in the third and fourth years. The chromosome-level reference genome of C. chinensisprovides important genomic data for molecular-assisted breeding and active ingredient biosynthesis.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31972367 and 31960578)Key Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(grant no.201904020015)+2 种基金Science and Technology Program of Zhanjiang(grant no.2019A01003)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(grant nos.202002020060,201704020003 and 2014Y2-00164)Key Realm R&D Program of Guangdong Province(grant no.2018B020202011).
文摘Pitaya(Hylocereus)is the most economically important fleshy-fruited tree of the Cactaceae family that is grown worldwide,and it has attracted significant attention because of its betalain-abundant fruits.Nonetheless,the lack of a pitaya reference genome significantly hinders studies focused on its evolution,as well as the potential for genetic improvement of this crop.Herein,we employed various sequencing approaches,namely,PacBio-SMRT,Illumina HiSeq paired-end,10×Genomics,and Hi-C(high-throughput chromosome conformation capture)to provide a chromosome-level genomic assembly of‘GHB’pitaya(H.undatus,2n=2x=22 chromosomes).The size of the assembled pitaya genome was 1.41 Gb,with a scaffold N50 of~127.15 Mb.In total,27,753 protein-coding genes and 896.31Mb of repetitive sequences in the H.undatus genome were annotated.Pitaya has undergone a WGT(whole-genome triplication),and a recent WGD(whole-genome duplication)occurred after the gamma event,which is common to the other species in Cactaceae.A total of 29,328 intact LTR-RTs(~696.45Mb)were obtained in H.undatus,of which two significantly expanded lineages,Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy,were the main drivers of the expanded genome.A high-density genetic map of F1 hybrid populations of‘GHB’בDahong’pitayas(H.monacanthus)and their parents were constructed,and a total of 20,872 bin markers were identified(56,380 SNPs)for 11 linkage groups.More importantly,through transcriptomic and WGCNA(weighted gene coexpression network analysis),a global view of the gene regulatory network,including structural genes and the transcription factors involved in pitaya fruit betalain biosynthesis,was presented.Our data present a valuable resource for facilitating molecular breeding programs of pitaya and shed novel light on its genomic evolution,as well as the modulation of betalain biosynthesis in edible fruits.
基金Supported by D.O.Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics,Gynaecology and Reproductology,project 558-2019-0012(АААА-А19-119021290033-1)of FSBSI
文摘Type 2 diabetes(T2D)mellitus is a common complex disease that currently affects more than 400 million people worldwide and has become a global health problem.High-throughput sequencing technologies such as whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing approaches have provided numerous new insights into the molecular bases of T2D.Recent advances in the application of sequencing technologies to T2D research include,but are not limited to:(1)Fine mapping of causal rare and common genetic variants;(2)Identification of confident genelevel associations;(3)Identification of novel candidate genes by specific scoring approaches;(4)Interrogation of disease-relevant genes and pathways by transcriptional profiling and epigenome mapping techniques;and(5)Investigation of microbial community alterations in patients with T2D.In this work we review these advances in application of next-generation sequencing methods for elucidation of T2D pathogenesis,as well as progress and challenges in implementation of this new knowledge about T2D genetics in diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of the disease.
文摘Importance of urease activity on pathogenic differences among Brucella species was evaluated. In cell-free extracts, the B. suis urease showed 12 times greater specific activity than the B. melitensis urease. When Fisher-344 rats were inoculated intraperitoneally (IP), at 1 week post-inoculation (PI), B. melitensis wild type 16 M was recovered from spleens and livers in greater numbers than B. suis wild type 1330. At 8 weeks PI, spleens were clear of B. melitensis, whereas B. suis remained. The wild type and the urease deficient strains of B. suis did not differ from each other in terms of recovery from spleen or liver. Our observations suggest that B. melitensis induces greater acute infectivity in Fisher-344 rats, whereas B. suis causes chronic infectivity;and urease activity has no influence on Brucella infection using an IP route.
基金supported by UGC-DAE-CSR,Kolkata(Grant No.:KC/CRS/19/RB-04/1047).
文摘Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide.It is a cancer that originates from the mammary ducts and involves mutations in multiple genes.Recently,the treatment of breast cancer has become increasingly challenging owing to the increase in tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness,which gives rise to therapeutic resistance.Epidemiological,populationbased,and hospital-based case-control studies have demonstrated an association between high intake of certain Allium vegetables and a reduced risk in the development of breast cancer.Diallyl disulfide(DADS)and diallyl trisulfide(DATS)are the main allyl sulfur compounds present in garlic,and are known to exhibit anticancer activity as they interfere with breast cancer cell proliferation,tumor metastasis,and angiogenesis.The present review highlights multidrug resistance mechanisms and their signaling pathways in breast cancer.This review discusses the potential anticancer activities of DADS and DATS,with emphasis on drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Understanding the anticancer activities of DADS and DATS provides insights into their potential in targeting drug resistance mechanisms of TNBC,especially in clinical studies.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities and Research Institutes(2019JZ00001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41776171)。
文摘Flatheads are valuable commercial fish species endemic to the Indo-West Pacific.Due to their economic value and unique biological traits,such as metamorphosis and camouflage,they serve as ideal marine organisms for studies on demersal adaptation and evolution.The brown-spotted flathead(Platycephalus sp.1)is the most widely distributed in the northwestern Pacific.Despite the lack of a valid scientific name,it has been long recognized and exploited in the marine fisheries of China,Japan,and Korea.In the current study。
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Grant 81671876)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(Grant 2016JB024)。
文摘Opium poppy(Papaver somniferum)is a source of morphine,codeine,and semisynthetic derivatives,including oxycodone and naltrexone.Here,we report the de novo assembly and genomic analysis of P.somniferum traditional landrace‘Chinese Herbal Medicine’.Variations between the 2.62 Gb CHM genome and that of the previously sequenced high noscapine 1(HN1)variety were also explored.Among 79,668 protein-coding genes,we functionally annotated 88.9%,compared to 68.8%reported in the HN1 genome.Gene family and 4DTv comparative analyses with three other Papaveraceae species revealed that opium poppy underwent two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events.The first of these,in ancestral Ranunculales,expanded gene families related to characteristic secondary metabolite production and disease resistance.The more recent species-specific WGD mediated by transposable elements resulted in massive genome expansion.Genes carrying structural variations and large-effect variants associated with agronomically different phenotypes between CHM and HN1 that were identified through our transcriptomic comparison of multiple organs and developmental stages can enable the development of new varieties.These genomic and transcriptomic analyses will provide a valuable resource that informs future basic and agricultural studies of the opium poppy.
