The observed basic weather variables are the main representative of climate trends and the atmosphere. The unresolved meteorological scale in weather observation such as micro scale, can produce a noticeable bias in a...The observed basic weather variables are the main representative of climate trends and the atmosphere. The unresolved meteorological scale in weather observation such as micro scale, can produce a noticeable bias in amplitude, frequency, phase and climate trend of each observed variable time series. The bias in climate trend due to a small scale eddy can be as high as the amplitude of the eddy which could be greater than 1°C in a temperature trend. Such biased measurements of the state of the atmosphere limit all climate related studies.展开更多
Assessment of soil health requires complexevaluation of properties and functions responsible for abroad range of ecosystem services. Numerous soil qualityindices (SQI) have been suggested for the evaluation ofspecific...Assessment of soil health requires complexevaluation of properties and functions responsible for abroad range of ecosystem services. Numerous soil qualityindices (SQI) have been suggested for the evaluation ofspecific groups of soil functions, but comparison of variousSQI is impossible because they are based on a combinationof specific soil properties. To avoid this problem, wesuggest an SQI-area approach based on the comparison ofthe areas on a radar diagram of a combination of chemical,biological and physical properties. The new approach isindependent of the SQI principle and allows rapid andsimple comparison of parameter groups and soils. Anotherapproach analyzing the resistance and sensitivity ofproperties to degradation is suggested for a detailedevaluation of soil health. The resistance and sensitivityof soil properties are determined through comparison withthe decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC) as a universalparameter responsible for many functions. The SQI-areaand resistance/sensitivity approaches were tested based on quences after the ab and on ment of agricultural soils. Both the SQI-area and the resistance/sensitivity approaches areuseful for basic and applied research, and for decisionmakersto evaluate land-use practices and measure thedegree of soil degradation.展开更多
文摘The observed basic weather variables are the main representative of climate trends and the atmosphere. The unresolved meteorological scale in weather observation such as micro scale, can produce a noticeable bias in amplitude, frequency, phase and climate trend of each observed variable time series. The bias in climate trend due to a small scale eddy can be as high as the amplitude of the eddy which could be greater than 1°C in a temperature trend. Such biased measurements of the state of the atmosphere limit all climate related studies.
基金We are most grateful for the state assignment AAAA-A18-118013190177-9the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(18-04-00773 and 19-29-05260).
文摘Assessment of soil health requires complexevaluation of properties and functions responsible for abroad range of ecosystem services. Numerous soil qualityindices (SQI) have been suggested for the evaluation ofspecific groups of soil functions, but comparison of variousSQI is impossible because they are based on a combinationof specific soil properties. To avoid this problem, wesuggest an SQI-area approach based on the comparison ofthe areas on a radar diagram of a combination of chemical,biological and physical properties. The new approach isindependent of the SQI principle and allows rapid andsimple comparison of parameter groups and soils. Anotherapproach analyzing the resistance and sensitivity ofproperties to degradation is suggested for a detailedevaluation of soil health. The resistance and sensitivityof soil properties are determined through comparison withthe decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC) as a universalparameter responsible for many functions. The SQI-areaand resistance/sensitivity approaches were tested based on quences after the ab and on ment of agricultural soils. Both the SQI-area and the resistance/sensitivity approaches areuseful for basic and applied research, and for decisionmakersto evaluate land-use practices and measure thedegree of soil degradation.
