The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences (KLCWB) was established in August 2012 and is incorporated into the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources. The...The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences (KLCWB) was established in August 2012 and is incorporated into the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources. The KLCWB focus on the frontiers of international coastal wetland biogeology science and technology development, especially the hot topics in biological geology, environmental geology and ecological resources.展开更多
Sediment carbon sequestration plays an essential role in mitigating atmospheric CO2 increases and the subsequently global greenhouse effect. To clarify the late Quaternary strata and carbon burial records in YeUow Riv...Sediment carbon sequestration plays an essential role in mitigating atmospheric CO2 increases and the subsequently global greenhouse effect. To clarify the late Quaternary strata and carbon burial records in YeUow River delta （YRD）, detailed analysis of benthic foraminifera, total carbon （TC）, organic carbon （Corg）, sedimentary characteristics and moisture contents of sediments, was performed on core ZK3, 30.3 m in length and obtained from YRD in 2007. Eight depositional units （designated U1-U8 in ascending order） were identified. A comprehensive analysis method of historical geography and sedimentary geology was used to de- termine the precise depositional ages of the modem Yellow River delta （MYRD）, from which pre-MYRD ages were deduced. The results indicates that the maximum burial rates of TC, inorganic carbon （IC） and Corg occurred in the delta front （U5）, and the mini- mum in the shallow sea （U3）. Remarkable high sedimentation rates in the MYRD are responsible for burial efficiency of carbon, with an average rate of Corg burial reaching 2087±251 g（m2yr）-1, and that of IC reaching 13741±808g（m2yr）-1, which are much higher than those of other regions with high contents of Corg. Therefore, YRD has a significant burial efficiency for carbon sequestration.展开更多
Lignin is one of the most abundant biomasses in nature. It is composed of aromatic moieties and has great potential for use in the production of chemical alternatives to petroleum products. Because of increasing inter...Lignin is one of the most abundant biomasses in nature. It is composed of aromatic moieties and has great potential for use in the production of chemical alternatives to petroleum products. Because of increasing interest in biocatalysis, the potential for industrial application of microbial metabolism of lignin-derived compounds has gained considerable recent attention. Functional screenings of culturable bacteria isolated from sediments and sunken wood collected from the deep sea revealed the existence of a number of previously unidentified bacteria capable of metabolizing lignin-related aromatic compounds. Of the 510 isolates obtained in the present study, 208 completely or partially metabolized these compounds. The 208 isolates were classified into diverse phyla, including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Among the 208 isolates, 61 unique 16S rRNA gene sequences were detected including previously unidentified marine lineage isolates. The metabolites of the isolates were analysed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Most of the representative 61 isolates non-oxidatively decarboxylated the substrates to produce the corresponding aromatic vinyl monomers, which are used as feed stocks for bio-based plastics production. Oxidative metabolism of the lignin-related compounds for assimilation was frequently observed. Our study showed that the deep-sea environment contains an abundance of microorganisms capable of both non-oxidative and oxidative bioconversion of lignin-derived aromatic compounds. The ability for bio-conversion of aromatic compounds found in this study will facilitate the development of future biotechnological applications.展开更多
This study is about the reconstruction of fluvial origins based on the grain size distribution of sediment deposits in the western Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea,China.Thirteen sediment cores were selected to research sediment...This study is about the reconstruction of fluvial origins based on the grain size distribution of sediment deposits in the western Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea,China.Thirteen sediment cores were selected to research sediment characteristics using the Sahu discriminant formula,C-M diagram,and Folk method.The results showed:(1)Bounded by the Guangli River estuary,the north sediment was affected by the water and sand flowing from the Yellow River during different periods.The south sediment came from multi-source rivers under the influence of the Xiaoqing River,Mihe River,and other coastal rivers;(2)the deposited sediments were dated by a clear historical record of the branched channel oscillation combined with the characteristics of the diversion channel,erosion,and regression.The subaqueous delta overlapped during several Yellow River channel runs(1897–1904,1929–1934,1938–1947,1947–1953,1976–1996)and the deposited sediment facies changed(the north tidal flat-abandoned subaqueous delta-lateral delta-delta front);(3)the deposited sediment characteristics can be revealed by studying the branched diversions of the Yellow River and coastal multi-rivers of the past one hundred years.展开更多
In this paper, by studying bathymetric survey and shallow seismic detection data over multiple periods of history, the authors outline the geomorphic features of the Caofeidian Channel. The results of our studies indi...In this paper, by studying bathymetric survey and shallow seismic detection data over multiple periods of history, the authors outline the geomorphic features of the Caofeidian Channel. The results of our studies indicate that the channel at the front end is dominated by erosion. The maximum water depth reaches 42.2 m, which sets the highest record for the water depth in Bohai Bay;the authors preliminarily conclude that the formation of the early channel occurred because the subsidence rate of the deep structure is slightly smaller than the deposition rate of the upper strata, and the Caofeidian Channel has existed for a long time, over 20 ka. The trending of the channel experienced a transition from the NS to the NE and then NW direction;the authors conclude that endogenic and exogenic processes, such as geological structures, the evolution of the ancient Luanhe River Delta, marine hydrodynamics, and human activity, jointly control the development and evolution of the geographic system in the Caofeidian sea area. The slope stabilities under the extreme conditions of a heavy storm and an earthquake are analyzed by performing simulations.展开更多
As an S-shaped curve,the logistic curve has both high and low limit,which provides advantages in modelling the influences of environmental factors on biogeological processes.However,although the logistic curve and its...As an S-shaped curve,the logistic curve has both high and low limit,which provides advantages in modelling the influences of environmental factors on biogeological processes.However,although the logistic curve and its transformations have drawn much attention in theoretical modelling,it is often used as a classification method to determine a true or false condition,and is less often applied in simulating the real data set.Starting from the basic theory of the logistic curve,with observed data sets,this paper explored the new application scenarios such as modelling the time series of environmental factors,modelling the influence of environmental factors on biogeological processes and modelling the theoretical curve in ecology area.By comparing the performance of traditional model and the logistic model,the results indicated that logistic modelling worked as well as traditional equations.Under certain conditions,such as modelling the influence of temperature on ecosystem respiration,the logistic model is more realistic than the widely applied Lloyd-Taylor formulation under extreme conditions.These cases confirmed that the logistic curve was capable of simulating nonlinear influences of multiple factors on biogeological processes such as carbon dynamic.展开更多
Dispersal ability and environmental adaptability are profoundly associated with colonization and habitat segregation of deep-sea animals in chemosynthesis-based communities, because deep-sea seeps and vents are patchi...Dispersal ability and environmental adaptability are profoundly associated with colonization and habitat segregation of deep-sea animals in chemosynthesis-based communities, because deep-sea seeps and vents are patchily distributed and ephemeral. Since these environments are seemingly highly different, it is likely that vent and seep populations must be genetically differentiated by adapting to their respective environments. In order to elucidate dispersal ability and environmental adaptability of deep-sea mussels, we determined mitochondrial ND4 sequences of Bathymodiolus platifrons and B. japonicus obtained from seeps in the SagamiBayand vents in the Okinawa Trough. Among more than 20 species of deep-sea mussels, only three species in the Japanese waters including the above species can inhabit both vents and seeps. We examined phylogenetic relationships, genetic divergences (Fst), gene flow (Nm), and genetic population structures to compare the seep and vent populations. Our results showed no genetic differentiation and extensive gene flow between the seep and vent populations, indicating high dispersal ability of the two species, which favors colonization in patchy and ephemeral habitats. Our results also indicate that the environmental type (vent or seep) is not the primary factor responsible for habitat segregation in the two species.展开更多
The Caofeidian Reclamation Project has been the biggest reclamation project in China so far, in which 310 km^2 sea areas were reclaimed along the coast of Hebei Province, and it also bring about many problems and defe...The Caofeidian Reclamation Project has been the biggest reclamation project in China so far, in which 310 km^2 sea areas were reclaimed along the coast of Hebei Province, and it also bring about many problems and defects for large reclaiming area. The study focuses on the influences of the engineering exerted on evolution of the Laolonggou Lagoon with the methods of topographical measurement and surface sediment analysis. The results demonstrate that the topographical changes in the Laolonggou Lagoon had been controlled obviously by the engineering at three stages. Besides, blocking and reopening of the shoal tidal channel also affected the geological environment of the lagoon area. In the aspect of topographical change, the Laolonggou Inlet first experienced deposition after the shoal tidal channel was blocked, followed by short-time eroding for quarrying and cofferdam construction in the east, then depositing slowly after the reclaiming activity ceased, and finally eroding after the shoal tidal channel was reopened. The project, particularly cofferdam construction led to the movement of the Laolonggou Inlet axis from west to east for 50 – 100 m. In the aspect of sediment variation, the reclamation project and hydrodynamic change resulted in the variation in compositions and distribution pattern. The western lagoon area has become land mainly constituted by silt, while the sediments in the eastern area have turned finer in size. After the shoal tidal channel was reopened, the current velocity in the Laolonggou Inlet has been enhanced, making the sediments at the bottom become coarser. The sediments around the Caofeidian foreland went through a process of changing in grain size from fine to coarse and back to fine again, and the sediments are mainly constituted by silt at present.展开更多
1. Objective The problems associated with traditional equipment for sampling shallow drilling sediment cores include high production cost, short sample preservation time, inability to store in a freezer, and poor resi...1. Objective The problems associated with traditional equipment for sampling shallow drilling sediment cores include high production cost, short sample preservation time, inability to store in a freezer, and poor resistance to seawater corrosion (Table 1). We developed a sampler with a new design that overcame these problems. The new design worked well in our study and can efficiently support coastal wetland geological surveys.展开更多
The largest reed field in the world, with an area of 1000 km<sup>2</sup> in 1953, is located in the Liaohe Delta, which lies in the five-point-in-a-line economic strategic zone of northeastern China. Howev...The largest reed field in the world, with an area of 1000 km<sup>2</sup> in 1953, is located in the Liaohe Delta, which lies in the five-point-in-a-line economic strategic zone of northeastern China. However, the area of reeds has declined dramatically in recent years to accommodate oil field infrastructure and societal developments. Although the direct and indirect services provided by such wetlands make valuable contributions to human welfare, wetlands are often given little weight in policy decisions, because ecosystem services are not fully “captured” in commercial markets or adequately quantified in terms comparable with the values of economic services and manufactured capital. In this study the value of 10 of 17 ecosystem services provided by the reed wetlands in the Liaohe Delta was estimated by using market pricing, shadow projects, and benefit transfer methods. The value of the 10 services provided by the 800 km<sup>2</sup> of reed wetland totaled approximately US $2.68 billion. Remarkably, aquaculture and the production of pulp from reeds accounted for only 19% of the total value of the reed wetland services. About 32% of the value of the ecosystem services was attributed to non-consumptive recreation, an easily perceived service that may act as a powerful incentive for sustainable management of this wetland ecosystem. The results of this study should help not only to guide management decisions with respect to this particular wetland but also to serve as an example of the approach to be taken with respect to valuation of similarly endangered wetlands throughout China.展开更多
The Early–mid Cretaceous marks the confluence of three major continental-scale events in eastern Gondwana:(1)the emplacement of a Silicic Large Igneous Province(LIP)near the continental margin;(2)the volcaniclastic f...The Early–mid Cretaceous marks the confluence of three major continental-scale events in eastern Gondwana:(1)the emplacement of a Silicic Large Igneous Province(LIP)near the continental margin;(2)the volcaniclastic fill,transgression and regression of a major epicontinental seaway developed over at least a quarter of the Australian continent;and(3)epeirogenic uplift,exhumation and continental rupturing culminating in the opening of the Tasman Basin c.84 Ma.The Whitsunday Silicic LIP event had widespread impact,producing both substantial extrusive volumes of dominantly silicic pyroclastic material and coeval first-cycle volcanogenic sediment that accumulated within many eastern Australian sedimentary basins,and principally in the Great Australian Basin system(>2 Mkm^(3)combined volume).The final pulse of volcanism and volcanogenic sedimentation at c.105–95 Ma coincided with epicontinental seaway regression,which shows a lack of correspondence with the global sea-level curve,and alternatively records a wider,continental-scale effect of volcanism and rift tectonism.Widespread igneous underplating related to this LIP event is evident from high paleogeothermal gradients and regional hydrothermal fluid flow detectable in the shallow crust and over a broad region.Enhanced CO_(2)fluxing through sedimentary basins also records indirectly,large-scale,LIP-related mafic underplating.展开更多
The observed basic weather variables are the main representative of climate trends and the atmosphere. The unresolved meteorological scale in weather observation such as micro scale, can produce a noticeable bias in a...The observed basic weather variables are the main representative of climate trends and the atmosphere. The unresolved meteorological scale in weather observation such as micro scale, can produce a noticeable bias in amplitude, frequency, phase and climate trend of each observed variable time series. The bias in climate trend due to a small scale eddy can be as high as the amplitude of the eddy which could be greater than 1°C in a temperature trend. Such biased measurements of the state of the atmosphere limit all climate related studies.展开更多
The deep-sea clam Calyptogena okutanii possesses a large gill containing vertically transmitted symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. It produces large amounts of highly viscoelastic mucus from the gill, which is thoug...The deep-sea clam Calyptogena okutanii possesses a large gill containing vertically transmitted symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. It produces large amounts of highly viscoelastic mucus from the gill, which is thought to be a physical and chemical barrier. The mucus collected from the gill was shown to be composed of glycoproteins having the following sugar composition: Man (17.4%), GlcNAc (16.6%), GalNAc (15%), Glc (1.1%), Gal (29.9%), Xyl (3.0%), Fuc (14.4%), and unknown (2.6%), indicating that it contained mucin-like glycoproteins. In a monoclonal antibody library against the gill tissue, we found a monoclonal antibody (mAb), CokG-B3C10, reacting to the mucus. Western blot analysis using the mAb showed that it reacted to several glycoproteins in the mucus from the gill tissue, but not with those of other tissues such as the mantle, foot, and ovary, where mucus production has been reported in bivalves. Further, immunohistochemical analysis showed the CokG-B3C10 mAb reacting to glycoproteins was detected in the inner area of the gill, which was occupied by many bacteriocytes in the row of gill filaments. Strong mAb signals were found on the outer surface of the bacteriocytes facing the interfilamental space, and in the interfilamental spaces between filaments. Weaker signals were also observed in the bacteriocyte cells. These results indicate that the CokG-B3C10 mAbbinding mucus glycoproteins were produced from cells including bacteriocytes and nonbacteriocyte cells in the inner area of the gill filaments.展开更多
Passive-warming, open-top chambers(OTCs) are widely applied for studying the effects of future climate warming on coastal wetlands. In this study, a set of six OTCs were established at a Phragmites wetland located in ...Passive-warming, open-top chambers(OTCs) are widely applied for studying the effects of future climate warming on coastal wetlands. In this study, a set of six OTCs were established at a Phragmites wetland located in the Yellow River Delta of Dongying City, China. With data collected through online transmission and in-situ sensors, the attributes and patterns of realized OTCs warming are demonstrated.The authors also quantified the preliminary influence of experimental chamber warming on plant traits.OTCs produced an elevated average air temperature of 0.8°C(relative to controls) during the growing season(June to October) of 2018, and soil temperatures actually decreased by 0.54°C at a depth of 5 cm and 0.46°C at a depth of 30 cm in the OTCs. Variations in diel patterns of warming depend greatly on the heat sources of incoming radiation in the daytime versus soil heat flux at night. Warming effects were often larger during instantaneous analyses and influenced OTCs air temperatures from-2.5°C to 8.3°C dependent on various meteorological conditions at any given time, ranging from cooling influences from vertical heat exchange and vegetation to radiation-associated warming. Night-time temperature depressions in the OTCs were due to the low turbulence inside OTCs and changes in surface soilatmosphere heat transfer. Plant shoot density, basal diameter, and biomass of Phragmites decreased by23.2%, 6.3%, and 34.0%, respectively, under experimental warming versus controls, and plant height increased by 4.3%, reflecting less carbon allocation to stem structures as plants in the OTCs experienced simultaneous wind buffering. While these passive-warming OTCs created the desired warming effects both to the atmosphere and soils, pest damages on the plant leaves and lodging within the OTCs were extensive and serious, creating the need to consider control options for these chambers and the replicated OTCs studies underway in other Chinese Phragmites marshes(Panjin and Yancheng).展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Cryptic diversity(CD),the presence of highly divergent phylogenetic lineages within closed morphological species,has been documented for many taxa.Great arachnid orders such as Araneae or Scorpiones are we...DEAR EDITOR,Cryptic diversity(CD),the presence of highly divergent phylogenetic lineages within closed morphological species,has been documented for many taxa.Great arachnid orders such as Araneae or Scorpiones are well studied and many cases of CD have been described therein;to date,however,related research on smaller arachnid orders,such as whip spiders(Amblypygi),remains lacking.展开更多
1.Objective To measure marine primary productivity as precisely as possible and solve the issues existed in current devices, a new design based on the classical oxygen light-dark bottle methodology (Staehr PA et al., ...1.Objective To measure marine primary productivity as precisely as possible and solve the issues existed in current devices, a new design based on the classical oxygen light-dark bottle methodology (Staehr PA et al., 2010) and integrated with new compact models of ‘simulated’ in situ (SIS) incubations was developed in this study, and it worked well in efficiently supporting our geological survey.展开更多
Surface sediment samples in the near shore area of the north Shandong Peninsula are collected for grain size and element analyses. The results indicate that the surface sediments in the study area are primarily compos...Surface sediment samples in the near shore area of the north Shandong Peninsula are collected for grain size and element analyses. The results indicate that the surface sediments in the study area are primarily composed of the silt-sized components similar to the Huanghe River. The total concentration of aluminum varies from 5.57% to7.37%（average（6.33 ± 0.40）%）, and its spatial distribution is mainly controlled by the grain size. Correlations between the ratio of aluminum to titanium concentration and aluminum concentration, titanium concentration and the mean grain size indicate that aluminum in the near shore surface sediments is affected majorly by the terrigenous source, and partially by the anthropogenic source. The ratios of aluminum to titanium concentrations are larger than the background value of loess matter at some stations due to the existence of excess aluminum associated with human activities. Thus, the sources of aluminum should be identified firstly when aluminum is used as an index of terrigenous matter even in the near shore area dominated by terrigenous deposits.展开更多
Objective Located at the interface of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, mangroves are particularly sensitive to environmental changes. They provide a sedimentary sink for organic carbon, whereby core samples could p...Objective Located at the interface of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, mangroves are particularly sensitive to environmental changes. They provide a sedimentary sink for organic carbon, whereby core samples could provide detailed records of mangrove evolution. Human induced, rapid environmental changes in recent years require a better understanding of the mangrove ecosystems evolution in the past, by reconstructing the past mangrove dynamics using triterpenols recorded in sediments. The aim of our work is to improve the application of triterpenols as biomarkers for mangrove development in long term in China.展开更多
Traditional studies of plant elemental composition focus mainly on interspecific variation of element concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios.Little attention has been paid to intraspecific elementome variation...Traditional studies of plant elemental composition focus mainly on interspecific variation of element concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios.Little attention has been paid to intraspecific elementome variation and its underlying mechanisms,particularly the role of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution.In eastern China,we collected rhizomes of 12 genotypes representing two lineages of a widespread clonal grass Phragmites australis.These genotypes were cultivated in two common gardens located in Panjin and Fanggan,China,where salt treatments were applied.We measured the contents of ten elements in both leaf and root tissues.Genetic distances among genotypes were quantified using SSR,and epigenetic distances among all treated samples were assessed using MS-AFLP.Principal component analysis showed that root element contents contributed to the first two principal components,whereas leaf element contents contributed to the third and fourth,indicating a decoupling of the elementome between plant organs.Environmental variation,genetic variation,and epigenetic variation were each associated with different principal components.Genetic variation explained a larger proportion of epigenetic variation than environmental factors.Moreover,intraspecific elementome variation of P.australis was more responsive to environmental variation than to genetic or epigenetic variation.These findings provide insights into the ecological mechanisms that drive intraspecific elementome variation of clonal grasses.展开更多
The deep ocean piezosphere accounts for a significant part of the global ocean,hosts active and diverse microbial communities which probably play a more important role than hitherto recognized in the global ocean carb...The deep ocean piezosphere accounts for a significant part of the global ocean,hosts active and diverse microbial communities which probably play a more important role than hitherto recognized in the global ocean carbon cycle.The conventional biological pump concept and the recently proposed microbial carbon pump mechanism provide a foundation for our understanding of the role of microorganisms in cycling of carbon in the ocean.However,there are significant gaps in our knowledge and a lack of mechanistic understanding of the processes of microbially-mediated production,transformation,degradation,and export of marine dissolved and particulate organic matter(DOM and POM)in the deep ocean and the ecological consequence.Here we propose the POM-DOM piezophilic microorganism continuum(PDPMC)conceptual model,to address these important biogeochemical processes in the deep ocean.We propose that piezophilic microorganisms(bacteria and archaea)play a pivotal role in deep ocean carbon cycle where microbial production of exoenzymes,enzymatic breakdown of DOM and transformation of POM fuels the rapid cycling of marine organic matter,and serve as the primary driver for carbon cycle in the deep ocean.展开更多
文摘The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences (KLCWB) was established in August 2012 and is incorporated into the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Natural Resources. The KLCWB focus on the frontiers of international coastal wetland biogeology science and technology development, especially the hot topics in biological geology, environmental geology and ecological resources.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41406082, ZR2014DQ010, 40872167 and 41240022)Governmental Public Research Funds of China (Grant Nos. 201111023, 1212010611402 and GZH201200503)
文摘Sediment carbon sequestration plays an essential role in mitigating atmospheric CO2 increases and the subsequently global greenhouse effect. To clarify the late Quaternary strata and carbon burial records in YeUow River delta （YRD）, detailed analysis of benthic foraminifera, total carbon （TC）, organic carbon （Corg）, sedimentary characteristics and moisture contents of sediments, was performed on core ZK3, 30.3 m in length and obtained from YRD in 2007. Eight depositional units （designated U1-U8 in ascending order） were identified. A comprehensive analysis method of historical geography and sedimentary geology was used to de- termine the precise depositional ages of the modem Yellow River delta （MYRD）, from which pre-MYRD ages were deduced. The results indicates that the maximum burial rates of TC, inorganic carbon （IC） and Corg occurred in the delta front （U5）, and the mini- mum in the shallow sea （U3）. Remarkable high sedimentation rates in the MYRD are responsible for burial efficiency of carbon, with an average rate of Corg burial reaching 2087±251 g（m2yr）-1, and that of IC reaching 13741±808g（m2yr）-1, which are much higher than those of other regions with high contents of Corg. Therefore, YRD has a significant burial efficiency for carbon sequestration.
文摘Lignin is one of the most abundant biomasses in nature. It is composed of aromatic moieties and has great potential for use in the production of chemical alternatives to petroleum products. Because of increasing interest in biocatalysis, the potential for industrial application of microbial metabolism of lignin-derived compounds has gained considerable recent attention. Functional screenings of culturable bacteria isolated from sediments and sunken wood collected from the deep sea revealed the existence of a number of previously unidentified bacteria capable of metabolizing lignin-related aromatic compounds. Of the 510 isolates obtained in the present study, 208 completely or partially metabolized these compounds. The 208 isolates were classified into diverse phyla, including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Among the 208 isolates, 61 unique 16S rRNA gene sequences were detected including previously unidentified marine lineage isolates. The metabolites of the isolates were analysed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Most of the representative 61 isolates non-oxidatively decarboxylated the substrates to produce the corresponding aromatic vinyl monomers, which are used as feed stocks for bio-based plastics production. Oxidative metabolism of the lignin-related compounds for assimilation was frequently observed. Our study showed that the deep-sea environment contains an abundance of microorganisms capable of both non-oxidative and oxidative bioconversion of lignin-derived aromatic compounds. The ability for bio-conversion of aromatic compounds found in this study will facilitate the development of future biotechnological applications.
基金funding by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977173)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2016YFC0402801)the China Geological Survey Project(DD20189503).
文摘This study is about the reconstruction of fluvial origins based on the grain size distribution of sediment deposits in the western Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea,China.Thirteen sediment cores were selected to research sediment characteristics using the Sahu discriminant formula,C-M diagram,and Folk method.The results showed:(1)Bounded by the Guangli River estuary,the north sediment was affected by the water and sand flowing from the Yellow River during different periods.The south sediment came from multi-source rivers under the influence of the Xiaoqing River,Mihe River,and other coastal rivers;(2)the deposited sediments were dated by a clear historical record of the branched channel oscillation combined with the characteristics of the diversion channel,erosion,and regression.The subaqueous delta overlapped during several Yellow River channel runs(1897–1904,1929–1934,1938–1947,1947–1953,1976–1996)and the deposited sediment facies changed(the north tidal flat-abandoned subaqueous delta-lateral delta-delta front);(3)the deposited sediment characteristics can be revealed by studying the branched diversions of the Yellow River and coastal multi-rivers of the past one hundred years.
基金funded by China National Project (DD20191003, DD20160147, DD20189503)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41506119, 41276060).
文摘In this paper, by studying bathymetric survey and shallow seismic detection data over multiple periods of history, the authors outline the geomorphic features of the Caofeidian Channel. The results of our studies indicate that the channel at the front end is dominated by erosion. The maximum water depth reaches 42.2 m, which sets the highest record for the water depth in Bohai Bay;the authors preliminarily conclude that the formation of the early channel occurred because the subsidence rate of the deep structure is slightly smaller than the deposition rate of the upper strata, and the Caofeidian Channel has existed for a long time, over 20 ka. The trending of the channel experienced a transition from the NS to the NE and then NW direction;the authors conclude that endogenic and exogenic processes, such as geological structures, the evolution of the ancient Luanhe River Delta, marine hydrodynamics, and human activity, jointly control the development and evolution of the geographic system in the Caofeidian sea area. The slope stabilities under the extreme conditions of a heavy storm and an earthquake are analyzed by performing simulations.
基金This study was jointly funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFE0109600)China Geological Survey projects(1212010611402,DD20189503).
文摘As an S-shaped curve,the logistic curve has both high and low limit,which provides advantages in modelling the influences of environmental factors on biogeological processes.However,although the logistic curve and its transformations have drawn much attention in theoretical modelling,it is often used as a classification method to determine a true or false condition,and is less often applied in simulating the real data set.Starting from the basic theory of the logistic curve,with observed data sets,this paper explored the new application scenarios such as modelling the time series of environmental factors,modelling the influence of environmental factors on biogeological processes and modelling the theoretical curve in ecology area.By comparing the performance of traditional model and the logistic model,the results indicated that logistic modelling worked as well as traditional equations.Under certain conditions,such as modelling the influence of temperature on ecosystem respiration,the logistic model is more realistic than the widely applied Lloyd-Taylor formulation under extreme conditions.These cases confirmed that the logistic curve was capable of simulating nonlinear influences of multiple factors on biogeological processes such as carbon dynamic.
文摘Dispersal ability and environmental adaptability are profoundly associated with colonization and habitat segregation of deep-sea animals in chemosynthesis-based communities, because deep-sea seeps and vents are patchily distributed and ephemeral. Since these environments are seemingly highly different, it is likely that vent and seep populations must be genetically differentiated by adapting to their respective environments. In order to elucidate dispersal ability and environmental adaptability of deep-sea mussels, we determined mitochondrial ND4 sequences of Bathymodiolus platifrons and B. japonicus obtained from seeps in the SagamiBayand vents in the Okinawa Trough. Among more than 20 species of deep-sea mussels, only three species in the Japanese waters including the above species can inhabit both vents and seeps. We examined phylogenetic relationships, genetic divergences (Fst), gene flow (Nm), and genetic population structures to compare the seep and vent populations. Our results showed no genetic differentiation and extensive gene flow between the seep and vent populations, indicating high dispersal ability of the two species, which favors colonization in patchy and ephemeral habitats. Our results also indicate that the environmental type (vent or seep) is not the primary factor responsible for habitat segregation in the two species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40876033)the China Geological Survey Project (No. DD20160144)。
文摘The Caofeidian Reclamation Project has been the biggest reclamation project in China so far, in which 310 km^2 sea areas were reclaimed along the coast of Hebei Province, and it also bring about many problems and defects for large reclaiming area. The study focuses on the influences of the engineering exerted on evolution of the Laolonggou Lagoon with the methods of topographical measurement and surface sediment analysis. The results demonstrate that the topographical changes in the Laolonggou Lagoon had been controlled obviously by the engineering at three stages. Besides, blocking and reopening of the shoal tidal channel also affected the geological environment of the lagoon area. In the aspect of topographical change, the Laolonggou Inlet first experienced deposition after the shoal tidal channel was blocked, followed by short-time eroding for quarrying and cofferdam construction in the east, then depositing slowly after the reclaiming activity ceased, and finally eroding after the shoal tidal channel was reopened. The project, particularly cofferdam construction led to the movement of the Laolonggou Inlet axis from west to east for 50 – 100 m. In the aspect of sediment variation, the reclamation project and hydrodynamic change resulted in the variation in compositions and distribution pattern. The western lagoon area has become land mainly constituted by silt, while the sediments in the eastern area have turned finer in size. After the shoal tidal channel was reopened, the current velocity in the Laolonggou Inlet has been enhanced, making the sediments at the bottom become coarser. The sediments around the Caofeidian foreland went through a process of changing in grain size from fine to coarse and back to fine again, and the sediments are mainly constituted by silt at present.
基金This equipment has obtained the national invention patent and the patent number is ZL 201520003115.0 (Fig. 3). This study was jointly funded by the Natural Science Foundations of China (41406082,41240022,41706057)National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFE0109600)Governmental Public Research Funds of China (201111023,DD20189503 and GZH201200503).
文摘1. Objective The problems associated with traditional equipment for sampling shallow drilling sediment cores include high production cost, short sample preservation time, inability to store in a freezer, and poor resistance to seawater corrosion (Table 1). We developed a sampler with a new design that overcame these problems. The new design worked well in our study and can efficiently support coastal wetland geological surveys.
文摘The largest reed field in the world, with an area of 1000 km<sup>2</sup> in 1953, is located in the Liaohe Delta, which lies in the five-point-in-a-line economic strategic zone of northeastern China. However, the area of reeds has declined dramatically in recent years to accommodate oil field infrastructure and societal developments. Although the direct and indirect services provided by such wetlands make valuable contributions to human welfare, wetlands are often given little weight in policy decisions, because ecosystem services are not fully “captured” in commercial markets or adequately quantified in terms comparable with the values of economic services and manufactured capital. In this study the value of 10 of 17 ecosystem services provided by the reed wetlands in the Liaohe Delta was estimated by using market pricing, shadow projects, and benefit transfer methods. The value of the 10 services provided by the 800 km<sup>2</sup> of reed wetland totaled approximately US $2.68 billion. Remarkably, aquaculture and the production of pulp from reeds accounted for only 19% of the total value of the reed wetland services. About 32% of the value of the ecosystem services was attributed to non-consumptive recreation, an easily perceived service that may act as a powerful incentive for sustainable management of this wetland ecosystem. The results of this study should help not only to guide management decisions with respect to this particular wetland but also to serve as an example of the approach to be taken with respect to valuation of similarly endangered wetlands throughout China.
文摘The Early–mid Cretaceous marks the confluence of three major continental-scale events in eastern Gondwana:(1)the emplacement of a Silicic Large Igneous Province(LIP)near the continental margin;(2)the volcaniclastic fill,transgression and regression of a major epicontinental seaway developed over at least a quarter of the Australian continent;and(3)epeirogenic uplift,exhumation and continental rupturing culminating in the opening of the Tasman Basin c.84 Ma.The Whitsunday Silicic LIP event had widespread impact,producing both substantial extrusive volumes of dominantly silicic pyroclastic material and coeval first-cycle volcanogenic sediment that accumulated within many eastern Australian sedimentary basins,and principally in the Great Australian Basin system(>2 Mkm^(3)combined volume).The final pulse of volcanism and volcanogenic sedimentation at c.105–95 Ma coincided with epicontinental seaway regression,which shows a lack of correspondence with the global sea-level curve,and alternatively records a wider,continental-scale effect of volcanism and rift tectonism.Widespread igneous underplating related to this LIP event is evident from high paleogeothermal gradients and regional hydrothermal fluid flow detectable in the shallow crust and over a broad region.Enhanced CO_(2)fluxing through sedimentary basins also records indirectly,large-scale,LIP-related mafic underplating.
文摘The observed basic weather variables are the main representative of climate trends and the atmosphere. The unresolved meteorological scale in weather observation such as micro scale, can produce a noticeable bias in amplitude, frequency, phase and climate trend of each observed variable time series. The bias in climate trend due to a small scale eddy can be as high as the amplitude of the eddy which could be greater than 1°C in a temperature trend. Such biased measurements of the state of the atmosphere limit all climate related studies.
文摘The deep-sea clam Calyptogena okutanii possesses a large gill containing vertically transmitted symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. It produces large amounts of highly viscoelastic mucus from the gill, which is thought to be a physical and chemical barrier. The mucus collected from the gill was shown to be composed of glycoproteins having the following sugar composition: Man (17.4%), GlcNAc (16.6%), GalNAc (15%), Glc (1.1%), Gal (29.9%), Xyl (3.0%), Fuc (14.4%), and unknown (2.6%), indicating that it contained mucin-like glycoproteins. In a monoclonal antibody library against the gill tissue, we found a monoclonal antibody (mAb), CokG-B3C10, reacting to the mucus. Western blot analysis using the mAb showed that it reacted to several glycoproteins in the mucus from the gill tissue, but not with those of other tissues such as the mantle, foot, and ovary, where mucus production has been reported in bivalves. Further, immunohistochemical analysis showed the CokG-B3C10 mAb reacting to glycoproteins was detected in the inner area of the gill, which was occupied by many bacteriocytes in the row of gill filaments. Strong mAb signals were found on the outer surface of the bacteriocytes facing the interfilamental space, and in the interfilamental spaces between filaments. Weaker signals were also observed in the bacteriocyte cells. These results indicate that the CokG-B3C10 mAbbinding mucus glycoproteins were produced from cells including bacteriocytes and nonbacteriocyte cells in the inner area of the gill filaments.
基金jointly funded by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)(2022QNLM 040003-3)the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFE0109600)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20558, 41240022, 41876057, 40872167, 41602143)China Geological Survey (1212010611402, GZH201200503, and DD20160144)by in-kind support from the Land Carbon ProgramLand Change Science R&D Program of the United States Geological Survey。
文摘Passive-warming, open-top chambers(OTCs) are widely applied for studying the effects of future climate warming on coastal wetlands. In this study, a set of six OTCs were established at a Phragmites wetland located in the Yellow River Delta of Dongying City, China. With data collected through online transmission and in-situ sensors, the attributes and patterns of realized OTCs warming are demonstrated.The authors also quantified the preliminary influence of experimental chamber warming on plant traits.OTCs produced an elevated average air temperature of 0.8°C(relative to controls) during the growing season(June to October) of 2018, and soil temperatures actually decreased by 0.54°C at a depth of 5 cm and 0.46°C at a depth of 30 cm in the OTCs. Variations in diel patterns of warming depend greatly on the heat sources of incoming radiation in the daytime versus soil heat flux at night. Warming effects were often larger during instantaneous analyses and influenced OTCs air temperatures from-2.5°C to 8.3°C dependent on various meteorological conditions at any given time, ranging from cooling influences from vertical heat exchange and vegetation to radiation-associated warming. Night-time temperature depressions in the OTCs were due to the low turbulence inside OTCs and changes in surface soilatmosphere heat transfer. Plant shoot density, basal diameter, and biomass of Phragmites decreased by23.2%, 6.3%, and 34.0%, respectively, under experimental warming versus controls, and plant height increased by 4.3%, reflecting less carbon allocation to stem structures as plants in the OTCs experienced simultaneous wind buffering. While these passive-warming OTCs created the desired warming effects both to the atmosphere and soils, pest damages on the plant leaves and lodging within the OTCs were extensive and serious, creating the need to consider control options for these chambers and the replicated OTCs studies underway in other Chinese Phragmites marshes(Panjin and Yancheng).
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Cryptic diversity(CD),the presence of highly divergent phylogenetic lineages within closed morphological species,has been documented for many taxa.Great arachnid orders such as Araneae or Scorpiones are well studied and many cases of CD have been described therein;to date,however,related research on smaller arachnid orders,such as whip spiders(Amblypygi),remains lacking.
基金jointly funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41306175)Science and Technology Development Project in Shinan District (2013-15-007-JY)+1 种基金Funding of Scientific and Technological Activities for Scholars from Abroad,and International Science&Technology Cooperation Projects of China (Grant No. 2016YFE0109600)China Geological Survey (Grant Nos. DD20189503 and DD20160144).
文摘1.Objective To measure marine primary productivity as precisely as possible and solve the issues existed in current devices, a new design based on the classical oxygen light-dark bottle methodology (Staehr PA et al., 2010) and integrated with new compact models of ‘simulated’ in situ (SIS) incubations was developed in this study, and it worked well in efficiently supporting our geological survey.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41406078,41330964,41306175 and 41206073the Science and Technology Development Fund Project in Shinan District of Qingdao,Shandong Province,China under contract No.2013-14-007-JYthe China Geological Survey Bureau,the Ministry of Land and Natural Resources of China under contract No.GZH201200505
文摘Surface sediment samples in the near shore area of the north Shandong Peninsula are collected for grain size and element analyses. The results indicate that the surface sediments in the study area are primarily composed of the silt-sized components similar to the Huanghe River. The total concentration of aluminum varies from 5.57% to7.37%（average（6.33 ± 0.40）%）, and its spatial distribution is mainly controlled by the grain size. Correlations between the ratio of aluminum to titanium concentration and aluminum concentration, titanium concentration and the mean grain size indicate that aluminum in the near shore surface sediments is affected majorly by the terrigenous source, and partially by the anthropogenic source. The ratios of aluminum to titanium concentrations are larger than the background value of loess matter at some stations due to the existence of excess aluminum associated with human activities. Thus, the sources of aluminum should be identified firstly when aluminum is used as an index of terrigenous matter even in the near shore area dominated by terrigenous deposits.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.41306064 and 41376075)
文摘Objective Located at the interface of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, mangroves are particularly sensitive to environmental changes. They provide a sedimentary sink for organic carbon, whereby core samples could provide detailed records of mangrove evolution. Human induced, rapid environmental changes in recent years require a better understanding of the mangrove ecosystems evolution in the past, by reconstructing the past mangrove dynamics using triterpenols recorded in sediments. The aim of our work is to improve the application of triterpenols as biomarkers for mangrove development in long term in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32470388,32271588,U22A20558,32301317,and 32100304).
文摘Traditional studies of plant elemental composition focus mainly on interspecific variation of element concentrations and their stoichiometric ratios.Little attention has been paid to intraspecific elementome variation and its underlying mechanisms,particularly the role of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution.In eastern China,we collected rhizomes of 12 genotypes representing two lineages of a widespread clonal grass Phragmites australis.These genotypes were cultivated in two common gardens located in Panjin and Fanggan,China,where salt treatments were applied.We measured the contents of ten elements in both leaf and root tissues.Genetic distances among genotypes were quantified using SSR,and epigenetic distances among all treated samples were assessed using MS-AFLP.Principal component analysis showed that root element contents contributed to the first two principal components,whereas leaf element contents contributed to the third and fourth,indicating a decoupling of the elementome between plant organs.Environmental variation,genetic variation,and epigenetic variation were each associated with different principal components.Genetic variation explained a larger proportion of epigenetic variation than environmental factors.Moreover,intraspecific elementome variation of P.australis was more responsive to environmental variation than to genetic or epigenetic variation.These findings provide insights into the ecological mechanisms that drive intraspecific elementome variation of clonal grasses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91328208,41240039,41373071)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.201200-72110026)
文摘The deep ocean piezosphere accounts for a significant part of the global ocean,hosts active and diverse microbial communities which probably play a more important role than hitherto recognized in the global ocean carbon cycle.The conventional biological pump concept and the recently proposed microbial carbon pump mechanism provide a foundation for our understanding of the role of microorganisms in cycling of carbon in the ocean.However,there are significant gaps in our knowledge and a lack of mechanistic understanding of the processes of microbially-mediated production,transformation,degradation,and export of marine dissolved and particulate organic matter(DOM and POM)in the deep ocean and the ecological consequence.Here we propose the POM-DOM piezophilic microorganism continuum(PDPMC)conceptual model,to address these important biogeochemical processes in the deep ocean.We propose that piezophilic microorganisms(bacteria and archaea)play a pivotal role in deep ocean carbon cycle where microbial production of exoenzymes,enzymatic breakdown of DOM and transformation of POM fuels the rapid cycling of marine organic matter,and serve as the primary driver for carbon cycle in the deep ocean.
