Reducing the use of animal models in drug development and safety assessment has long been supported by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA).The report by Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ind...Reducing the use of animal models in drug development and safety assessment has long been supported by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA).The report by Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals indicates that in 2020,experiments involved the use of over 100 million animals,with the United States leading the list by utilizing 20 million animals.Beyond ethical considerations associated with animal testing and the costs in terms of time and money,animal models are not always effective in predicting human reactions to drug exposure.While animal testing has been the traditional method for assessing the safety and efficacy of drugs.展开更多
Ultrasound-guided biopsy procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis,which is the current gold standard,involves quasi-random sampling of prostate tissue without any functional guidance.In this study,we discuss the possib...Ultrasound-guided biopsy procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis,which is the current gold standard,involves quasi-random sampling of prostate tissue without any functional guidance.In this study,we discuss the possibility to augment the detection of prostate cancer using a dual-modality optical approach,which can be coupled with the current needle biopsy setup.Two techniques are light reflectance spectroscopy(LRS)that uses a broadband light source and a CCD array spectrometer,and auto-fluorescence lifetime measurement(AFLM)that uses a custom-designed,time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)system.Both LRS and AFLM were employed sequentially in this study to measure cancer tissue along with control tissue on a rat prostate tumor model.At an excitation wavelength of 447 nm,we investigated auto-fluorescence decay curves at the emission wavelengths of 532,562,632 and 684 nm for in vivo and ex vivo AFLM.These results show that auto-fluorescence lifetimes at all measured emission wavelengths differ between control and cancerous tissues with 100% specificity and sensitivity.Moreover,absolute values of hemoglobin derivatives and scattering coe±cient were quantified using in vivo LRS.This part of study also demonstrates that light scattering and absorption are significantly different between the control and cancerous tissue.Overall,the study demonstrates that both LRS and AFLM may provide several intrinsic biomarkers for in vivo detection of prostate cancer.展开更多
A fluorogen named 1-decyl-1-methyl-2,5-bis{4-[(N,N-diethylamino)methyl]phenyl}-3,4-diphenylsilole (3) was synthesized. It emitted weakly as isolated molecule but strongly as supramolecular aggregate, showing a charact...A fluorogen named 1-decyl-1-methyl-2,5-bis{4-[(N,N-diethylamino)methyl]phenyl}-3,4-diphenylsilole (3) was synthesized. It emitted weakly as isolated molecule but strongly as supramolecular aggregate, showing a characteristic behavior of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The molecules of 3 formed highly emissive nanoparticles in aqueous media, which quickly and selectively marked cytoplasm of HeLa cells and posed no toxicity to the living cells. The fluorogen is thus a promising candidate mate-rial for cell imaging as a sensitive, selective and cytocompatible biosensor.展开更多
Zero-valent iron particles were prepared by wet reduction chemistry assisted with ultrasonic treatment. Such prepared particles have uniform size, exhibit crystalline structure and show strong pararnagnetic property. ...Zero-valent iron particles were prepared by wet reduction chemistry assisted with ultrasonic treatment. Such prepared particles have uniform size, exhibit crystalline structure and show strong pararnagnetic property. Their surface modification by coating poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone） （PVP） was investigated. The resulting Fe（0）-PVP particles were monodispersed and possessed enhancing magnetization saturation. Those synthesis conditions to control the particle size and distribution were exploited.展开更多
We present GranatumX,a next-generation software environment for single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data analysis.GranatumX is inspired by the interactive webtool Granatum.GranatumX enables biologists to access the l...We present GranatumX,a next-generation software environment for single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data analysis.GranatumX is inspired by the interactive webtool Granatum.GranatumX enables biologists to access the latest scRNA-seq bioinformatics methods in a web-based graphical environment.It also offers software developers the opportunity to rapidly promote their own tools with others in customizable pipelines.The architecture of GranatumX allows for easy inclusion of plugin modules,named Gboxes,which wrap around bioinformatics tools written in various programming languages and on various platforms.GranatumX can be run on the cloud or private servers and generate reproducible results.It is a community-engaging,flexible,and evolving software ecosystem for scRNA-seq analysis,connecting developers with bench scientists.GranatumX is freely accessible at http://garmiregroup.org/granatumx/app.展开更多
文摘Reducing the use of animal models in drug development and safety assessment has long been supported by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA).The report by Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals indicates that in 2020,experiments involved the use of over 100 million animals,with the United States leading the list by utilizing 20 million animals.Beyond ethical considerations associated with animal testing and the costs in terms of time and money,animal models are not always effective in predicting human reactions to drug exposure.While animal testing has been the traditional method for assessing the safety and efficacy of drugs.
基金funded in part by Department of Defense(grant#W81XWH-09-1-0406)Texas Ignition Fund.
文摘Ultrasound-guided biopsy procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis,which is the current gold standard,involves quasi-random sampling of prostate tissue without any functional guidance.In this study,we discuss the possibility to augment the detection of prostate cancer using a dual-modality optical approach,which can be coupled with the current needle biopsy setup.Two techniques are light reflectance spectroscopy(LRS)that uses a broadband light source and a CCD array spectrometer,and auto-fluorescence lifetime measurement(AFLM)that uses a custom-designed,time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)system.Both LRS and AFLM were employed sequentially in this study to measure cancer tissue along with control tissue on a rat prostate tumor model.At an excitation wavelength of 447 nm,we investigated auto-fluorescence decay curves at the emission wavelengths of 532,562,632 and 684 nm for in vivo and ex vivo AFLM.These results show that auto-fluorescence lifetimes at all measured emission wavelengths differ between control and cancerous tissues with 100% specificity and sensitivity.Moreover,absolute values of hemoglobin derivatives and scattering coe±cient were quantified using in vivo LRS.This part of study also demonstrates that light scattering and absorption are significantly different between the control and cancerous tissue.Overall,the study demonstrates that both LRS and AFLM may provide several intrinsic biomarkers for in vivo detection of prostate cancer.
基金Supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (Grant Nos. 603008, 601608 and 602707)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20634020)the CAO GuangBiao Foundation of Zhejiang University
文摘A fluorogen named 1-decyl-1-methyl-2,5-bis{4-[(N,N-diethylamino)methyl]phenyl}-3,4-diphenylsilole (3) was synthesized. It emitted weakly as isolated molecule but strongly as supramolecular aggregate, showing a characteristic behavior of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The molecules of 3 formed highly emissive nanoparticles in aqueous media, which quickly and selectively marked cytoplasm of HeLa cells and posed no toxicity to the living cells. The fluorogen is thus a promising candidate mate-rial for cell imaging as a sensitive, selective and cytocompatible biosensor.
文摘Zero-valent iron particles were prepared by wet reduction chemistry assisted with ultrasonic treatment. Such prepared particles have uniform size, exhibit crystalline structure and show strong pararnagnetic property. Their surface modification by coating poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone） （PVP） was investigated. The resulting Fe（0）-PVP particles were monodispersed and possessed enhancing magnetization saturation. Those synthesis conditions to control the particle size and distribution were exploited.
基金This research was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences(NIEHS)through funds provided by the trans-NIH Big Data to Knowledge(BD2K)initiative(www.bd2k.nih.govGrant No.K01ES025434)+4 种基金the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences(NIH/NIGMSGrant No.P20 COBRE GM103457)the National Library of Medicine(NLMGrant No.R01 LM012373)the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development(NICHD,Grant No.R01 HD084633)awarded to LXG.
文摘We present GranatumX,a next-generation software environment for single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data analysis.GranatumX is inspired by the interactive webtool Granatum.GranatumX enables biologists to access the latest scRNA-seq bioinformatics methods in a web-based graphical environment.It also offers software developers the opportunity to rapidly promote their own tools with others in customizable pipelines.The architecture of GranatumX allows for easy inclusion of plugin modules,named Gboxes,which wrap around bioinformatics tools written in various programming languages and on various platforms.GranatumX can be run on the cloud or private servers and generate reproducible results.It is a community-engaging,flexible,and evolving software ecosystem for scRNA-seq analysis,connecting developers with bench scientists.GranatumX is freely accessible at http://garmiregroup.org/granatumx/app.
