Introduction: Cardiovascular disease represents a major public health burden worldwide. Research and management of risk factors contribute to the prevention of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the p...Introduction: Cardiovascular disease represents a major public health burden worldwide. Research and management of risk factors contribute to the prevention of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the biochemistry unit of the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG) in Ouagadougou. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Patients of all ages who performed a lipid panel in the CHUP-CDG biochemistry unit during the study period have been included. Results: A total of 2872 patients have been included. The mean age of the study population was 27.72 ± 19.51 years and the M/F sex ratio was 0.81. Among the patients, 22.84% had at least one dyslipidemia. The prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia were 11.57%, 49.19% and 57.50% respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were present in 9.04% and 2.08% of patients. Hypercholesterolemia was significantly more frequent in the female sex (p = 0.0077);hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (p = 0.0255) and mixed hyperlipidemia (p Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study indicates a worrying situation. It would therefore appear essential to extend the search for risk factors nationwide, particularly those that can be modified, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to cardiovascular disease.展开更多
Introduction: The Six Sigma methodology is an opportunity for a better understanding of the performance of analytical methods and for a better adaptation of the quality control management policy of the medical biology...Introduction: The Six Sigma methodology is an opportunity for a better understanding of the performance of analytical methods and for a better adaptation of the quality control management policy of the medical biology laboratory. Using the sigma metric, this study assessed the performance of the Biochemistry analytical system of a medical biology laboratory in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: Six Sigma methodology was applied to 3 analytes (alanine aminotransferase, glucose and creatinine). Performance indicators such as measurement imprecision and bias were determined based on the results of internal and external quality controls. The sigma number was calculated using the total allowable error values proposed by Ricos et al. Results: For both control levels, ALT had a sigma number greater than 6 (7.6 for normal control and 7.9 for pathological control). However, low sigma numbers, less than or equal to 2 for creatinine (1.4 for normal control and 2 for pathological control) and less than 1 for glucose were found. Conclusion: This study revealed good analytical performance of ALT from the point of view of 6 sigma analysis. However, modifications to the overall quality control procedure for glucose and creatinine are needed to improve their analytical performance. The study should be extended to the entire laboratory’s analytes in order to modify the strategies of quality control procedures based on metric analysis for an overall improvement in analytical performance.展开更多
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is globally promoted as a preventive health measure. However, an increasing incidence of jaundice among exclusively breastfed neonates has been observed. In Jos, Nigeria, anecdotal ...Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is globally promoted as a preventive health measure. However, an increasing incidence of jaundice among exclusively breastfed neonates has been observed. In Jos, Nigeria, anecdotal evidence suggests a rise in jaundice cases among breastfed infants during their first week of life. This study investigates the relationship between neonatal jaundice and the biochemical composition of maternal breast milk in Jos, Nigeria. Objective: To evaluate the role of maternal milk protein status and other milk constituents in the development of neonatal jaundice among exclusively breastfed full-term infants. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 152 participants, comprising of 76 neonates (38 jaundiced and 38 healthy controls) and their corresponding 76 mothers at Jos University Teaching Hospital. Biochemical analyses were conducted on maternal breast milk (albumin, proteins, casein, fat, lactose, enzymes) and infant serum (bilirubin, albumin, proteins, enzymes). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney tests with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Maternal breast milk from mothers of jaundiced infants showed significantly lower protein (0.73 ± 0.07 g/100ml), albumin (0.62 ± 0.04 g/100ml), and casein (1.6 ± 0.12 g/100ml) levels compared to controls (p Conclusion: The study highlights a potential link between lower maternal milk protein levels and the occurrence of neonatal jaundice. Interventions aimed at enhancing maternal nutrition and promoting more frequent breastfeeding may mitigate the risk. Further research should explore additional maternal and neonatal factors contributing to this condition.展开更多
Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a plasma cell clone invading the bone marrow, with secretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig), detectable by serum protein elect...Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a plasma cell clone invading the bone marrow, with secretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig), detectable by serum protein electrophoresis. The aim of our work was to study the electrophoretic profile of patients with MM. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study including 76 patients with MM, whose serum samples were received at the Biochemistry Department of the Dalal Jamm National Hospital during the period from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2023. For each patient, we studied epidemiological data (age, sex, service) and biochemical variables (proteinemia, electrophoresis and serum protein immunofixation). Results: The mean age of our patients was 58 ± 10.24 years, with a sex ratio of 0.9, with a female predominance (52.6%). The majority of cohort (71.1%) were consulted as outpatients. Hyperproteinemia was observed in 27.6% of patients, with a mean average of 91.2 ± 25.2 g/L, while hypoalbuminemia was found in 43.4% of patients. A monoclonal peak was noted at the Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) in all patients in our series, 75% of whom were in the gamma zone and 22.4% in the beta zone. Immunofixation had objectified kappa-type IgG myeloma in the majority of patients (77.8%). Conclusion: Among the biological markers of MM, serum protein electrophoresis remains the most characteristic for detecting monoclonal immunoglobulin.展开更多
The rapid advancement of AI technology has significantly impacted higher education,presenting both opportunities and challenges for teaching and learning.Although students can benefit from AI,many remain unaware of it...The rapid advancement of AI technology has significantly impacted higher education,presenting both opportunities and challenges for teaching and learning.Although students can benefit from AI,many remain unaware of its potential utility.Moreover,concerns regarding the accuracy and reliability of AI complicate its proper use.This study incorporated an AI teaching assistant,called Blueink,into a biochemistry course at a medical university in China.The researchers assessed the alterations in individuals’knowledge,AI use,and critical thinking skills by conducting a review before and after the training.This was done to furnish valuable information for academics and specialists.The findings presented that the participating college students perceived AI as increasingly essential for contemporary learning and excelled at discovering significant facts using AI techniques.However,their confidence in AI responses and their habits and preferences for posing inquiries remained unchanged after the training.The study indicates that AI tools not only enhance students’skill acquisition but require greater clarity and proficiency.Collaborating with diverse specialists can yield superior AI tools for education.展开更多
In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quali...In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crops.Synthetic metabolic engineering presents innovative strategies for the precision modification and de novo design of metabolic pathways.This approach generally encompasses three essential steps:identifying key metabolites through metabolomics,integrating multi-omics technologies to investigate the synthesis and regulation of these metabolites,and utilizing gene editing or de novo design to modify crop metabolic pathways associated with desirable agronomic traits.This review underscores the vital role of plant metabolite diversity in enhancing crop nutritional quality and stress resilience.Integrated multi-omics analyses facilitate the metabolic engineering by identifying key genes,transporters,and transcription factors that regulate metabolite biosynthesis.Precision modification strategies employ genome editing tools to reprogram endogenous metabolic networks,while de novo design reconstructs metabolic pathways through the introduction of exogenous biological elements—thereby both approaches enable the targeted enhancement of desired traits.These strategies have been effectively implemented in major food crops.However,simultaneously enhancing nutritional quality and stress resilience remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs and resource competition in distinct metabolic pathways within plants.Future research should integrate AI-driven predictive models with multi-omics datasets to decipher dynamic metabolic homeostasis and engineer climate-smart crops that maximize yield while preserving quality and environmental adaptability.展开更多
Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a...Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a state of mitotic activation,initiating proliferation and differentiation pathways.Throughout this process,NSCs give rise to neural progenitors,which undergo multiple replicative and differentiative steps,each governed by precise molecular pathways that coordinate cellular changes and signals from the surrounding neurogenic niche.展开更多
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neu...Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases(Borst et al.,2021).Together with infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages,microglia also play a critical role for brain tumor development,since immunosuppressive interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages(TAM)are linked to malignant progression.This mechanism is of particular relevance in glioblastoma(GB),the deadliest form of brain cancer with a median overall survival of less than 15 months(Khan et al.,2023).Therefore,targeting microglia and macrophage activation is a promising strategy for therapeutic interference in brain disease.展开更多
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women and comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of molecular subtypes with distinct biological behaviors.Among various regulatory molecules,sphingolipids play...Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women and comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of molecular subtypes with distinct biological behaviors.Among various regulatory molecules,sphingolipids play pivotal roles in dynamically modulating fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation,apoptosis,and metastasis through metabolic interconversions,including phosphorylation,glycosylation,and the generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate.This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which sphingolipid metabolism orchestrates cancer cell fate and drives breast cancer progression.Particular emphasis is placed on the balance between proapoptotic ceramides and pro-survival metabolites,such as sphingosine-1-phosphate,which collectively influence tumor growth and the therapeutic response.Additional sphingolipid species,including glucosylceramide and gangliosides(GD2,GD3,GM1,and GM3),have also been implicated in promoting breast cancer development.Furthermore,sphingolipid-based therapeutic strategies,including immunotherapy and antibody therapy,are discussed.By providing a comprehensive overview of sphingolipid metabolism,this review aims to identify novel therapeutic targets that may help overcome treatment resistance and improve clinical outcomes in breast cancer.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most prevalent malignancy worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Major risk factors for GC include Helicobacter pylori infection,increasing age,high dietary sa...Gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most prevalent malignancy worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Major risk factors for GC include Helicobacter pylori infection,increasing age,high dietary salt intake,and diets deficient in vegetables and fruits.Due to the often subtle and nonspecific early symptoms,coupled with the lack of routine screening programs,a significant proportion of GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages.The etiology of GC is multifactorial,and diagnosis is confirmed histologically through endoscopic biopsy,followed by staging via computed tomography,positron emission tomography,staging laparoscopy,and endoscopic ultrasound.Treatment strategies typically involve a multidisciplinary approach including chemotherapy,surgical resection,radiotherapy,and emerging immunotherapeutic options.Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities,the prognosis of advanced GC remains poor,with high rates of recurrence and metastasis.In recent years,increasing attention has been given to the role of tight junction(TJ)proteins in the pathogenesis and progression of GC.TJ proteins,critical components of epithelial barrier function,have been implicated in various stages of gastric carcinogenesis,from intestinal metaplasia to invasion and metastasis.Infection and inflammation,particularly due to Helicobacter pylori,disrupt TJ integrity,compromising the gastric mucosal barrier and facilitating neoplastic transformation.This review synthesizes current evidence from PubMed,EMBASE,Google Scholar,ScienceDirect,SpringerLink,and other reputable databases to provide a comprehensive overview of the involvement of TJ proteins in GC.By elucidating the molecular interplay between TJ dysregulation and gastric tumorigenesis,this work aims to highlight the potential of TJ proteins as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GC management.展开更多
Alzheimer s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide,with current treatments offering only limited benefits.Central to emerging research is the role of autophagy and endolysosom...Alzheimer s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide,with current treatments offering only limited benefits.Central to emerging research is the role of autophagy and endolysosomal pathways,which are essential for clearing misfolded proteins and damaged organelles.Bridging integrator 1(BIN1),traditionally recognized for its role in membrane remodeling and endocytosis,has recently emerged as a top genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease,linking cellular clearance mechanisms to the development of toxic amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles.In this review,we provide an accessible overview of how disruptions in autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking contribute to the neurodegeneration process in Alzheimer's disease,positioning BIN1 as a central mediator within this complex network.Recent advances have shown that alte rations in BIN1 expression and isoform distribution are associated with increased tau pathology and changes in amyloid-beta processing.Moreover,BIN1 appears to also influence synaptic transmission,neuroinflammation,and overall cellular homeostasis.The integration of recent findings not only deepens our understanding of Alzheimer s disease pathology but also opens new avenues for the development of targeted treatments.This timely perspective underscores the potential of modulating BIN1 activity to enhance cellular clearance mechanisms and offers hope for more effective inte rventions for Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Collagen fibrillogenesis underlies the structural and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix in connective and other tissues,yet its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood.Here,we show that a europi...Collagen fibrillogenesis underlies the structural and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix in connective and other tissues,yet its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood.Here,we show that a europium(Ⅲ)dipicolinate complex(EuDPA)acts as a luminescent reporter of collagen aggregation.We combine Raman microscopy,circularly polarized luminescence(CPL),and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations to study this process.While Raman imaging directly visualizes the EuDPA-enhanced fibrillar architecture,CPL reveals enantioselective EuDPA-collagen interactions that accompany the fibrillogenesis.MD simulations indicate the presence of stabilizing interactions between hydroxyproline residues and the dipicolinate ligand.The results pave the way to monitoring of protein aggregation in general,and are relevant to fibrotic pathologies and biomimetic materials design.展开更多
Parasitic infections are increasingly recognized as contributors to cancer development,yet the underlying oncogenic mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.Growing evidence from molecular oncology,immunology,and m...Parasitic infections are increasingly recognized as contributors to cancer development,yet the underlying oncogenic mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.Growing evidence from molecular oncology,immunology,and microbiome research suggests that chronic parasitic infections may drive tumorigenesis through sustained inflammation,deregulated signaling pathways,genomic instability,and the release of parasite-derived exosomes that reshape the tumor microenvironment.These insights underscore the need to integrate parasitology with cancer biology to understand infection-associated malignancies better.The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize current knowledge on how selected parasites contribute to cancer development and to highlight emerging therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities.We examine pathogens such as Schistosoma haematobium,Opisthorchis viverrini,Toxoplasma gondii,Plasmodium falciparum,and Leishmania spp.,detailing their roles in chronic inflammation,immune modulation,and interactions with tumor-associated immune cells.The review further discusses parasite-induced immunosuppression,coinfections,and their cumulative impact on cancer risk.Additionally,we explore novel therapeutic approaches,including pathway inhibitors,epigenetic drugs,microbiome modulation,and engineered parasites.Future perspectives emphasize parasite-based immunotherapies,long-term epigenetic consequences of infection,and AI-driven multiomics strategies for identifying oncogenic signatures.This review integrates advances from parasitology and oncology to provide new insights into biomarkers,targeted therapies,and mechanisms of infection-induced tumorigenesis.The literature search covered studies indexed in PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science up to July 2025.展开更多
Oxidative stress has long been implicated as a driving force in neurodegenerative disease,with studies of human brain tissue and animal models revealing its important role.Parkinson’s disease(PD),in particular,highli...Oxidative stress has long been implicated as a driving force in neurodegenerative disease,with studies of human brain tissue and animal models revealing its important role.Parkinson’s disease(PD),in particular,highlights the selective vulnerability of neurons to the insults of reactive oxygen species.The motor symptoms of PD are caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra.These neurons experience increased oxidative stress due in part to highly active mitochondria that support their high bioenergetic demand and the generation of reactive oxygen species by dopamine metabolism(Watanabe et al.,2024).展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the study of the Yu et al on psychological distress in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies.Hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies include hepatocellular carcinoma...In this editorial,we comment on the study of the Yu et al on psychological distress in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies.Hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies include hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,gallbladder cancer and pancreatic cancer.These cancers are among the most aggressive and difficult to treat.Although improvements in surgery,drug treatments and palliative care have led to better survival rates and quality of life,the significant psychological impact on patients remains underrecognized.Anxiety and depression are prevalent at every stage of the disease,from the initial diagnosis to treatment,recurrence and end-of-life care.However,these issues often take a backseat to the urgent need to manage physical symptoms.Mental health challenges can greatly affect how well patients follow treatment plans,recover and their overall outlook.Yu et al explore the causes of psychological distress in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers,including disease severity,symptom burden,financial stress and fears about life and death.We highlight the importance of regular mental health screenings,psychological support and teamwork in oncology care.By focusing on emotional health alongside physical treatment,doctors can build resilience,improve outcomes and address a frequently ignored aspect of cancer care.展开更多
Peptide-and drug-protected gold nanoclusters(Au NCs)with atomic precision have attracted research attention in the last few years owing to their ultrasmall size(<2 nm),well-defined structures,tunable photoluminesce...Peptide-and drug-protected gold nanoclusters(Au NCs)with atomic precision have attracted research attention in the last few years owing to their ultrasmall size(<2 nm),well-defined structures,tunable photoluminescence from the visible to near-infrared range,water solubility,and good biocompatibility.These features,combined with low toxicity and efficient renal clearance,make such Au NCs promising candidates for biomedical use,including diagnosis,therapy,and theranostic.The incorporation of peptides or drugs into Au NCs enhances the stability,targeting specificity,cellular uptake,and prolonged circulation,enabling precise modulation of biological responses.Despite notable advances in achieving atomic precision employing complex ligands such as peptides or drugs,the synthetic methods of this new class of NCs remain a challenge.Careful control of molar ratio(Au:peptide/drug),reducing agent,temperature,and reaction time is required,because these factors directly influence the cluster size,optical properties,and in vivo performance.In this review,we highlight different synthetic approaches of atomically precise peptide-and drug-protected Au NCs,emphasizing the role of rational ligand design and reaction conditions,as well as the challenges associated with structural determination.We further discuss the optical and photoluminescence properties of peptide-protected Au NCs-the mostly explored features for biomedical applications.Finally,we conclude by outlining the current challenges,opportunities for scale-up synthesis,and future design perspectives for these emerging nanomaterials.展开更多
Objectives:Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,with limited understanding of lncRNA-driven mechanisms in tumor progression.This study aimed to identify differentially e...Objectives:Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,with limited understanding of lncRNA-driven mechanisms in tumor progression.This study aimed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in NSCLC tissues and elucidate the functional role of the significantly upregulated RP3-340N1.2 in promoting malignancy.Methods:RNA sequencing was used to screen dysregulated lncRNAs.RP3-340N1.2 was functionally characterized via gain/loss-of-function assays in NSCLC cells,assessing proliferation,migration,and macrophage polarization.Mechanisms of interleukin 6(IL-6)regulation were explored using cytokine profiling,Actinomycin D assays,and RNA Immunoprecipitation(RIP)assays to study RP3-340N1.2 interactions with zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A(ZC3H12A)and IL-6 mRNA.Results:RP3-340N1.2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells.Functional assays demonstrated that RP3-340N1.2 knockdown suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation/migration and reduced macrophage polarization toward tumor-associated phenotypes.Mechanistically,RP3-340N1.2 knockdown promoted IL-6 mRNA degradation,as supported by reduced IL-6 levels and accelerated mRNA decay.Further RIP assays revealed that RP3-340N1.2 interacts with ZC3H12A,an RNA-binding protein previously reported to degrade IL-6 mRNA,and that RP3-340N1.2 knockdown enhanced ZC3H12A binding to IL-6 mRNA.Consequently,RP3-340N1.2 knockdown in carcinoma cells attenuated IL-6-mediated tumor-promoting effects,including tumor cell proliferation and migration.Importantly,these effectswere observed not only in a direct carcinoma cell culturing system but also when carcinoma cells were exposed to conditioned medium from co-culturing RP3-340N1.2-knockdown tumor cells andmacrophages.Conclusion:RP3-340N1.2 drivesNSCLC malignancy by stabilizing IL-6 mRNA;its inhibition offers a potential therapeutic strategy to disrupt tumor-promoting interactions.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migrati...Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migration behaviors,ecotoxicology,absorption mechanisms,and effects of MPs has also been fully summarized.Microplastics interact with contaminants,such as antibiotics,pesticides,heavy metals,etc.,and may act as vectors for contaminant transfer in terrestrial ecosystems.The transportation and retention of MPs in soil are governed by interactions among their inherent properties,such as size,shape,surface charge,and density.Interestingly,MP migration into soil is lacking research.The MPs and nanoplastics were also found in edible fruits and vegetables.The MP contamination in soil affects ecosystems,causing soil structure changes,fertility reduction,and pollutant leaching into groundwater.The MP concentration lies in the range of 43-2443 and 40-43000 items kg-1in agricultural and urban soils,respectively.This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research and a framework for soil MP risk assessment.Future studies on the uptake,accumulation,and translocation of MPs and their associated toxins by plants are essential for evaluating their risks to food security and human health.Research on MPs in terrestrial habitats lacks comprehensive data on their long-term persistence,degradation pathways,and interactions with soil components under varying environmental conditions.Additionally,limited understanding exists regarding MP impacts on soil biodiversity,pollutant mobility,and plant uptake,highlighting the need for innovative detection methods and effective pollution abatement strategies.展开更多
Astrocytes have important neurosupportive functions in the brain that are altered in neurodegenerative diseases by unresolved mechanisms.We showed previously that astrocytes cultured from mice transgenic for human P30...Astrocytes have important neurosupportive functions in the brain that are altered in neurodegenerative diseases by unresolved mechanisms.We showed previously that astrocytes cultured from mice transgenic for human P301S-tau(P301S-mice)recapitulate the deficit in production and secretion of thrombospondin1 found in symptomatic P301S mouse brains,causing both reduced synapse formation and survival of cultured neurons.To further characterize how P301S-derived astrocytes differ from controls,we have compared the astrocyte-conditioned media of cultured astrocytes from postnatal day 7/8 P301S mice(P301S-astrocyte-conditioned media)versus controls(C57-astrocyte-conditioned media)using label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.We verified that thrombospondin1 secretion was significantly reduced in the P301S-astrocyte-conditioned media versus C57-astrocyte-conditioned media,demonstrating the robustness of the analysis.The most notable distinction was that~57%of the P301S-astrocyte-conditioned media-enriched proteins were cytoplasmic proteins linked to cellular metabolism that are not predicted to be secreted via classical or non-classical secretion pathways,whereas~88%of C57-astrocyte-conditioned media-enriched proteins comprised classically secreted proteins enriched in extracellular matrix components.These differences are associated with the finding that P301S-derived cultured astrocytes were smaller and in vivo appeared less mature in the cortex of P301S mice.The unconventional secretion pathway that P301S-astrocyte-conditioned media display shares similarities with several amyloid-β-exposed astrocyte-conditioned media,indicating that stimuli induced by tau and amyloid-βmay induce a common adverse response pathway.Altogether,members of this adverse pathway may serve as a potential set of biomarkers to aid the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies,while the list of reduced neurosupportive factors could indicate new approaches to enhance neuronal survival by factor supplementation in tauopathies.展开更多
Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cel...Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Cardiovascular disease represents a major public health burden worldwide. Research and management of risk factors contribute to the prevention of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the biochemistry unit of the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG) in Ouagadougou. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Patients of all ages who performed a lipid panel in the CHUP-CDG biochemistry unit during the study period have been included. Results: A total of 2872 patients have been included. The mean age of the study population was 27.72 ± 19.51 years and the M/F sex ratio was 0.81. Among the patients, 22.84% had at least one dyslipidemia. The prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and hyper-LDL cholesterolemia were 11.57%, 49.19% and 57.50% respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were present in 9.04% and 2.08% of patients. Hypercholesterolemia was significantly more frequent in the female sex (p = 0.0077);hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (p = 0.0255) and mixed hyperlipidemia (p Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of dyslipidemia in the study indicates a worrying situation. It would therefore appear essential to extend the search for risk factors nationwide, particularly those that can be modified, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality linked to cardiovascular disease.
文摘Introduction: The Six Sigma methodology is an opportunity for a better understanding of the performance of analytical methods and for a better adaptation of the quality control management policy of the medical biology laboratory. Using the sigma metric, this study assessed the performance of the Biochemistry analytical system of a medical biology laboratory in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: Six Sigma methodology was applied to 3 analytes (alanine aminotransferase, glucose and creatinine). Performance indicators such as measurement imprecision and bias were determined based on the results of internal and external quality controls. The sigma number was calculated using the total allowable error values proposed by Ricos et al. Results: For both control levels, ALT had a sigma number greater than 6 (7.6 for normal control and 7.9 for pathological control). However, low sigma numbers, less than or equal to 2 for creatinine (1.4 for normal control and 2 for pathological control) and less than 1 for glucose were found. Conclusion: This study revealed good analytical performance of ALT from the point of view of 6 sigma analysis. However, modifications to the overall quality control procedure for glucose and creatinine are needed to improve their analytical performance. The study should be extended to the entire laboratory’s analytes in order to modify the strategies of quality control procedures based on metric analysis for an overall improvement in analytical performance.
文摘Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is globally promoted as a preventive health measure. However, an increasing incidence of jaundice among exclusively breastfed neonates has been observed. In Jos, Nigeria, anecdotal evidence suggests a rise in jaundice cases among breastfed infants during their first week of life. This study investigates the relationship between neonatal jaundice and the biochemical composition of maternal breast milk in Jos, Nigeria. Objective: To evaluate the role of maternal milk protein status and other milk constituents in the development of neonatal jaundice among exclusively breastfed full-term infants. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 152 participants, comprising of 76 neonates (38 jaundiced and 38 healthy controls) and their corresponding 76 mothers at Jos University Teaching Hospital. Biochemical analyses were conducted on maternal breast milk (albumin, proteins, casein, fat, lactose, enzymes) and infant serum (bilirubin, albumin, proteins, enzymes). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney tests with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Maternal breast milk from mothers of jaundiced infants showed significantly lower protein (0.73 ± 0.07 g/100ml), albumin (0.62 ± 0.04 g/100ml), and casein (1.6 ± 0.12 g/100ml) levels compared to controls (p Conclusion: The study highlights a potential link between lower maternal milk protein levels and the occurrence of neonatal jaundice. Interventions aimed at enhancing maternal nutrition and promoting more frequent breastfeeding may mitigate the risk. Further research should explore additional maternal and neonatal factors contributing to this condition.
文摘Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a plasma cell clone invading the bone marrow, with secretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig), detectable by serum protein electrophoresis. The aim of our work was to study the electrophoretic profile of patients with MM. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study including 76 patients with MM, whose serum samples were received at the Biochemistry Department of the Dalal Jamm National Hospital during the period from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2023. For each patient, we studied epidemiological data (age, sex, service) and biochemical variables (proteinemia, electrophoresis and serum protein immunofixation). Results: The mean age of our patients was 58 ± 10.24 years, with a sex ratio of 0.9, with a female predominance (52.6%). The majority of cohort (71.1%) were consulted as outpatients. Hyperproteinemia was observed in 27.6% of patients, with a mean average of 91.2 ± 25.2 g/L, while hypoalbuminemia was found in 43.4% of patients. A monoclonal peak was noted at the Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) in all patients in our series, 75% of whom were in the gamma zone and 22.4% in the beta zone. Immunofixation had objectified kappa-type IgG myeloma in the majority of patients (77.8%). Conclusion: Among the biological markers of MM, serum protein electrophoresis remains the most characteristic for detecting monoclonal immunoglobulin.
基金supported by the Wuhan University Center for Digital and Intelligent Education Research and the Major Project on Teaching Reform in Higher Education of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.23BZO90).
文摘The rapid advancement of AI technology has significantly impacted higher education,presenting both opportunities and challenges for teaching and learning.Although students can benefit from AI,many remain unaware of its potential utility.Moreover,concerns regarding the accuracy and reliability of AI complicate its proper use.This study incorporated an AI teaching assistant,called Blueink,into a biochemistry course at a medical university in China.The researchers assessed the alterations in individuals’knowledge,AI use,and critical thinking skills by conducting a review before and after the training.This was done to furnish valuable information for academics and specialists.The findings presented that the participating college students perceived AI as increasingly essential for contemporary learning and excelled at discovering significant facts using AI techniques.However,their confidence in AI responses and their habits and preferences for posing inquiries remained unchanged after the training.The study indicates that AI tools not only enhance students’skill acquisition but require greater clarity and proficiency.Collaborating with diverse specialists can yield superior AI tools for education.
基金supported by the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (SKJC-JYRC-2024-26)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32460072)+4 种基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (323RC421)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2022XDNY144)the Hainan Provincial Academician Innovation Platform Project (HDYSZX-202004)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University (XTCX2022NYB06)Hainan Postdoctoral Research Grant Project
文摘In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crops.Synthetic metabolic engineering presents innovative strategies for the precision modification and de novo design of metabolic pathways.This approach generally encompasses three essential steps:identifying key metabolites through metabolomics,integrating multi-omics technologies to investigate the synthesis and regulation of these metabolites,and utilizing gene editing or de novo design to modify crop metabolic pathways associated with desirable agronomic traits.This review underscores the vital role of plant metabolite diversity in enhancing crop nutritional quality and stress resilience.Integrated multi-omics analyses facilitate the metabolic engineering by identifying key genes,transporters,and transcription factors that regulate metabolite biosynthesis.Precision modification strategies employ genome editing tools to reprogram endogenous metabolic networks,while de novo design reconstructs metabolic pathways through the introduction of exogenous biological elements—thereby both approaches enable the targeted enhancement of desired traits.These strategies have been effectively implemented in major food crops.However,simultaneously enhancing nutritional quality and stress resilience remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs and resource competition in distinct metabolic pathways within plants.Future research should integrate AI-driven predictive models with multi-omics datasets to decipher dynamic metabolic homeostasis and engineer climate-smart crops that maximize yield while preserving quality and environmental adaptability.
文摘Adult neurogenesis is a highly dynamic process that leads to the production of new neurons from a population of quiescent neural stem cells(NSCs).In response to specific endogenous and/or external stimuli,NSCs enter a state of mitotic activation,initiating proliferation and differentiation pathways.Throughout this process,NSCs give rise to neural progenitors,which undergo multiple replicative and differentiative steps,each governed by precise molecular pathways that coordinate cellular changes and signals from the surrounding neurogenic niche.
基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation),project numbers 324633948 and 409784463(DFG grants Hi 678/9-3 and Hi 678/10-2,FOR2953)to HHBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung-BMBF,project number 16LW0463K to HT.
文摘Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system.They act as the first line of defense against pathogens and play essential roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair after brain insult or in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases(Borst et al.,2021).Together with infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages,microglia also play a critical role for brain tumor development,since immunosuppressive interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages(TAM)are linked to malignant progression.This mechanism is of particular relevance in glioblastoma(GB),the deadliest form of brain cancer with a median overall survival of less than 15 months(Khan et al.,2023).Therefore,targeting microglia and macrophage activation is a promising strategy for therapeutic interference in brain disease.
基金supported by National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea grants funded by the Korean government,the Ministry of Science and ICT[NRF-2022R1A2C1006737 to Joo-Won Park,NRF-2022R1I1A1A0106408112 to Min Hee Kim].
文摘Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women and comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of molecular subtypes with distinct biological behaviors.Among various regulatory molecules,sphingolipids play pivotal roles in dynamically modulating fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation,apoptosis,and metastasis through metabolic interconversions,including phosphorylation,glycosylation,and the generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate.This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which sphingolipid metabolism orchestrates cancer cell fate and drives breast cancer progression.Particular emphasis is placed on the balance between proapoptotic ceramides and pro-survival metabolites,such as sphingosine-1-phosphate,which collectively influence tumor growth and the therapeutic response.Additional sphingolipid species,including glucosylceramide and gangliosides(GD2,GD3,GM1,and GM3),have also been implicated in promoting breast cancer development.Furthermore,sphingolipid-based therapeutic strategies,including immunotherapy and antibody therapy,are discussed.By providing a comprehensive overview of sphingolipid metabolism,this review aims to identify novel therapeutic targets that may help overcome treatment resistance and improve clinical outcomes in breast cancer.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most prevalent malignancy worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Major risk factors for GC include Helicobacter pylori infection,increasing age,high dietary salt intake,and diets deficient in vegetables and fruits.Due to the often subtle and nonspecific early symptoms,coupled with the lack of routine screening programs,a significant proportion of GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages.The etiology of GC is multifactorial,and diagnosis is confirmed histologically through endoscopic biopsy,followed by staging via computed tomography,positron emission tomography,staging laparoscopy,and endoscopic ultrasound.Treatment strategies typically involve a multidisciplinary approach including chemotherapy,surgical resection,radiotherapy,and emerging immunotherapeutic options.Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities,the prognosis of advanced GC remains poor,with high rates of recurrence and metastasis.In recent years,increasing attention has been given to the role of tight junction(TJ)proteins in the pathogenesis and progression of GC.TJ proteins,critical components of epithelial barrier function,have been implicated in various stages of gastric carcinogenesis,from intestinal metaplasia to invasion and metastasis.Infection and inflammation,particularly due to Helicobacter pylori,disrupt TJ integrity,compromising the gastric mucosal barrier and facilitating neoplastic transformation.This review synthesizes current evidence from PubMed,EMBASE,Google Scholar,ScienceDirect,SpringerLink,and other reputable databases to provide a comprehensive overview of the involvement of TJ proteins in GC.By elucidating the molecular interplay between TJ dysregulation and gastric tumorigenesis,this work aims to highlight the potential of TJ proteins as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GC management.
基金National Institutes of Health,No.R01AG083943Alzheimer's Association Strategic Fund No.ABA-22-965518(to YWAH)。
文摘Alzheimer s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide,with current treatments offering only limited benefits.Central to emerging research is the role of autophagy and endolysosomal pathways,which are essential for clearing misfolded proteins and damaged organelles.Bridging integrator 1(BIN1),traditionally recognized for its role in membrane remodeling and endocytosis,has recently emerged as a top genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease,linking cellular clearance mechanisms to the development of toxic amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles.In this review,we provide an accessible overview of how disruptions in autophagy and endolysosomal trafficking contribute to the neurodegeneration process in Alzheimer's disease,positioning BIN1 as a central mediator within this complex network.Recent advances have shown that alte rations in BIN1 expression and isoform distribution are associated with increased tau pathology and changes in amyloid-beta processing.Moreover,BIN1 appears to also influence synaptic transmission,neuroinflammation,and overall cellular homeostasis.The integration of recent findings not only deepens our understanding of Alzheimer s disease pathology but also opens new avenues for the development of targeted treatments.This timely perspective underscores the potential of modulating BIN1 activity to enhance cellular clearance mechanisms and offers hope for more effective inte rventions for Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by the Czech Science Foundation(23-05378S to TW and 2515726S to PB)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ(ID:90140).
文摘Collagen fibrillogenesis underlies the structural and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix in connective and other tissues,yet its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood.Here,we show that a europium(Ⅲ)dipicolinate complex(EuDPA)acts as a luminescent reporter of collagen aggregation.We combine Raman microscopy,circularly polarized luminescence(CPL),and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations to study this process.While Raman imaging directly visualizes the EuDPA-enhanced fibrillar architecture,CPL reveals enantioselective EuDPA-collagen interactions that accompany the fibrillogenesis.MD simulations indicate the presence of stabilizing interactions between hydroxyproline residues and the dipicolinate ligand.The results pave the way to monitoring of protein aggregation in general,and are relevant to fibrotic pathologies and biomimetic materials design.
文摘Parasitic infections are increasingly recognized as contributors to cancer development,yet the underlying oncogenic mechanisms remain insufficiently understood.Growing evidence from molecular oncology,immunology,and microbiome research suggests that chronic parasitic infections may drive tumorigenesis through sustained inflammation,deregulated signaling pathways,genomic instability,and the release of parasite-derived exosomes that reshape the tumor microenvironment.These insights underscore the need to integrate parasitology with cancer biology to understand infection-associated malignancies better.The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize current knowledge on how selected parasites contribute to cancer development and to highlight emerging therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities.We examine pathogens such as Schistosoma haematobium,Opisthorchis viverrini,Toxoplasma gondii,Plasmodium falciparum,and Leishmania spp.,detailing their roles in chronic inflammation,immune modulation,and interactions with tumor-associated immune cells.The review further discusses parasite-induced immunosuppression,coinfections,and their cumulative impact on cancer risk.Additionally,we explore novel therapeutic approaches,including pathway inhibitors,epigenetic drugs,microbiome modulation,and engineered parasites.Future perspectives emphasize parasite-based immunotherapies,long-term epigenetic consequences of infection,and AI-driven multiomics strategies for identifying oncogenic signatures.This review integrates advances from parasitology and oncology to provide new insights into biomarkers,targeted therapies,and mechanisms of infection-induced tumorigenesis.The literature search covered studies indexed in PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science up to July 2025.
基金supported by OHSU Neurology Foundation Funds and NIH Grant R01NS119226 to IM.
文摘Oxidative stress has long been implicated as a driving force in neurodegenerative disease,with studies of human brain tissue and animal models revealing its important role.Parkinson’s disease(PD),in particular,highlights the selective vulnerability of neurons to the insults of reactive oxygen species.The motor symptoms of PD are caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra.These neurons experience increased oxidative stress due in part to highly active mitochondria that support their high bioenergetic demand and the generation of reactive oxygen species by dopamine metabolism(Watanabe et al.,2024).
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the study of the Yu et al on psychological distress in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies.Hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies include hepatocellular carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma,gallbladder cancer and pancreatic cancer.These cancers are among the most aggressive and difficult to treat.Although improvements in surgery,drug treatments and palliative care have led to better survival rates and quality of life,the significant psychological impact on patients remains underrecognized.Anxiety and depression are prevalent at every stage of the disease,from the initial diagnosis to treatment,recurrence and end-of-life care.However,these issues often take a backseat to the urgent need to manage physical symptoms.Mental health challenges can greatly affect how well patients follow treatment plans,recover and their overall outlook.Yu et al explore the causes of psychological distress in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers,including disease severity,symptom burden,financial stress and fears about life and death.We highlight the importance of regular mental health screenings,psychological support and teamwork in oncology care.By focusing on emotional health alongside physical treatment,doctors can build resilience,improve outcomes and address a frequently ignored aspect of cancer care.
基金RGM is grateful to CNPq for the PDE fellowship(200437/2025-9),MTM acknowledges CNPq research scholarship(314470/2023-9)FAPESP fundings(2022/01825-22025/063196).
文摘Peptide-and drug-protected gold nanoclusters(Au NCs)with atomic precision have attracted research attention in the last few years owing to their ultrasmall size(<2 nm),well-defined structures,tunable photoluminescence from the visible to near-infrared range,water solubility,and good biocompatibility.These features,combined with low toxicity and efficient renal clearance,make such Au NCs promising candidates for biomedical use,including diagnosis,therapy,and theranostic.The incorporation of peptides or drugs into Au NCs enhances the stability,targeting specificity,cellular uptake,and prolonged circulation,enabling precise modulation of biological responses.Despite notable advances in achieving atomic precision employing complex ligands such as peptides or drugs,the synthetic methods of this new class of NCs remain a challenge.Careful control of molar ratio(Au:peptide/drug),reducing agent,temperature,and reaction time is required,because these factors directly influence the cluster size,optical properties,and in vivo performance.In this review,we highlight different synthetic approaches of atomically precise peptide-and drug-protected Au NCs,emphasizing the role of rational ligand design and reaction conditions,as well as the challenges associated with structural determination.We further discuss the optical and photoluminescence properties of peptide-protected Au NCs-the mostly explored features for biomedical applications.Finally,we conclude by outlining the current challenges,opportunities for scale-up synthesis,and future design perspectives for these emerging nanomaterials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81702296).
文摘Objectives:Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,with limited understanding of lncRNA-driven mechanisms in tumor progression.This study aimed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in NSCLC tissues and elucidate the functional role of the significantly upregulated RP3-340N1.2 in promoting malignancy.Methods:RNA sequencing was used to screen dysregulated lncRNAs.RP3-340N1.2 was functionally characterized via gain/loss-of-function assays in NSCLC cells,assessing proliferation,migration,and macrophage polarization.Mechanisms of interleukin 6(IL-6)regulation were explored using cytokine profiling,Actinomycin D assays,and RNA Immunoprecipitation(RIP)assays to study RP3-340N1.2 interactions with zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A(ZC3H12A)and IL-6 mRNA.Results:RP3-340N1.2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells.Functional assays demonstrated that RP3-340N1.2 knockdown suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation/migration and reduced macrophage polarization toward tumor-associated phenotypes.Mechanistically,RP3-340N1.2 knockdown promoted IL-6 mRNA degradation,as supported by reduced IL-6 levels and accelerated mRNA decay.Further RIP assays revealed that RP3-340N1.2 interacts with ZC3H12A,an RNA-binding protein previously reported to degrade IL-6 mRNA,and that RP3-340N1.2 knockdown enhanced ZC3H12A binding to IL-6 mRNA.Consequently,RP3-340N1.2 knockdown in carcinoma cells attenuated IL-6-mediated tumor-promoting effects,including tumor cell proliferation and migration.Importantly,these effectswere observed not only in a direct carcinoma cell culturing system but also when carcinoma cells were exposed to conditioned medium from co-culturing RP3-340N1.2-knockdown tumor cells andmacrophages.Conclusion:RP3-340N1.2 drivesNSCLC malignancy by stabilizing IL-6 mRNA;its inhibition offers a potential therapeutic strategy to disrupt tumor-promoting interactions.
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous and pose an environmental risk.This review examined MP pollution in terrestrial ecosystems from a myriad of poorly understood sources.Knowledge regarding the occurrence sources,migration behaviors,ecotoxicology,absorption mechanisms,and effects of MPs has also been fully summarized.Microplastics interact with contaminants,such as antibiotics,pesticides,heavy metals,etc.,and may act as vectors for contaminant transfer in terrestrial ecosystems.The transportation and retention of MPs in soil are governed by interactions among their inherent properties,such as size,shape,surface charge,and density.Interestingly,MP migration into soil is lacking research.The MPs and nanoplastics were also found in edible fruits and vegetables.The MP contamination in soil affects ecosystems,causing soil structure changes,fertility reduction,and pollutant leaching into groundwater.The MP concentration lies in the range of 43-2443 and 40-43000 items kg-1in agricultural and urban soils,respectively.This review provides a comprehensive roadmap for future research and a framework for soil MP risk assessment.Future studies on the uptake,accumulation,and translocation of MPs and their associated toxins by plants are essential for evaluating their risks to food security and human health.Research on MPs in terrestrial habitats lacks comprehensive data on their long-term persistence,degradation pathways,and interactions with soil components under varying environmental conditions.Additionally,limited understanding exists regarding MP impacts on soil biodiversity,pollutant mobility,and plant uptake,highlighting the need for innovative detection methods and effective pollution abatement strategies.
基金MGS from the Alzheimer Society(#384,AS-PG-17-026),Alzheimer’s Research UK(ART-PG2011-20 and ARUK-EXT2015B-2)the BBSRC(BB/T509085/1)+1 种基金The Fondation Recherche Alzheimer(G112606)the Scholl Foundation,and to MGS and AMT from the National Center for the Replacement,Refinement,&Reduction of Animals in Research(NC3R)(#NC/L000741/1).
文摘Astrocytes have important neurosupportive functions in the brain that are altered in neurodegenerative diseases by unresolved mechanisms.We showed previously that astrocytes cultured from mice transgenic for human P301S-tau(P301S-mice)recapitulate the deficit in production and secretion of thrombospondin1 found in symptomatic P301S mouse brains,causing both reduced synapse formation and survival of cultured neurons.To further characterize how P301S-derived astrocytes differ from controls,we have compared the astrocyte-conditioned media of cultured astrocytes from postnatal day 7/8 P301S mice(P301S-astrocyte-conditioned media)versus controls(C57-astrocyte-conditioned media)using label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.We verified that thrombospondin1 secretion was significantly reduced in the P301S-astrocyte-conditioned media versus C57-astrocyte-conditioned media,demonstrating the robustness of the analysis.The most notable distinction was that~57%of the P301S-astrocyte-conditioned media-enriched proteins were cytoplasmic proteins linked to cellular metabolism that are not predicted to be secreted via classical or non-classical secretion pathways,whereas~88%of C57-astrocyte-conditioned media-enriched proteins comprised classically secreted proteins enriched in extracellular matrix components.These differences are associated with the finding that P301S-derived cultured astrocytes were smaller and in vivo appeared less mature in the cortex of P301S mice.The unconventional secretion pathway that P301S-astrocyte-conditioned media display shares similarities with several amyloid-β-exposed astrocyte-conditioned media,indicating that stimuli induced by tau and amyloid-βmay induce a common adverse response pathway.Altogether,members of this adverse pathway may serve as a potential set of biomarkers to aid the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies,while the list of reduced neurosupportive factors could indicate new approaches to enhance neuronal survival by factor supplementation in tauopathies.
基金supported by the Lendület/Momentum Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciencesthe National Research, Development, and Innovation Office, Hungary (Grant Nos. LP2024/21 and K146791)+2 种基金Bayers fellowship program MEDHA and Department of Botany, University of Calicutthe financial assistance provided in the form of Junior Research Fellowship from the University Grants Commission (UGC), Indiathe financial assistance provided by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR), India
文摘Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.
