Articular cartilage plays an important role in weight-bearing and movement.However,it is also more easily damaged in intra-articular fractures.As the cartilage has no vessel and nerve,so it is hardly to repair itself ...Articular cartilage plays an important role in weight-bearing and movement.However,it is also more easily damaged in intra-articular fractures.As the cartilage has no vessel and nerve,so it is hardly to repair itself once damaged seriously.Tissue engineering is a potential way to cure the cartilage damage because it combines scaffold and cells.Gels展开更多
This paper focuses on preparation of colloidal solution of graphene-like structures from different ranks of coals: brown coal,bituminous coal,low-volatile bituminous coal,anthracite. It was found that brown coal therm...This paper focuses on preparation of colloidal solution of graphene-like structures from different ranks of coals: brown coal,bituminous coal,low-volatile bituminous coal,anthracite. It was found that brown coal thermo-oxidative destruction leads to formation of small d = 32 nm( V = 17%) and large d = 122 nm( V = 11%) fractions of nanoparticles. The thermo-oxidative destruction of bituminous coal leads to formation of nanoparticles d = 50 nm( V = 5.2%) and d = 164 nm( V = 16%). Thermooxidative destruction of low-volatile bituminous coal and anthracite leads to formation of nanoparticles,predominantly,d = 122-190 nm. Carbon nanostructures obtained from coal are negatively charged at pH= 2-12. Colloidal solution of carbon nanostructures at dispersed phase concentration 0. 01 mg/mL is stable for 1 month. Electron diffraction patterns and X-ray analysis of carbon nanostructures showed that nanostructure from brown coal is amorphous and nanostructure from anthracite is crystalline. Results of coal macromolecules modeling and graphene-like structures obtained from them are presented.展开更多
The development of high efficiency and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution is critical for energy storage and conversion systems. Herein, a series of Co/Fe bimetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were fabricated us...The development of high efficiency and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution is critical for energy storage and conversion systems. Herein, a series of Co/Fe bimetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were fabricated using a facile ultrasonic method at room temperature, as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution. The Co2Fe-MOF exhibited an overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2, a low Tafel slope of 44.7 mV dec^-1, and long-term stability over 12000 s in 1 mol L^-1 KOH. This impressive performance was attributed to the high charge transfer rate, large specific surface area, and synergistic effects of the cobalt and iron centers.展开更多
The disposal of plastic solid waste (PSW) has become a major worldwide environmental problem. New sustainable processes have emerged, i.e. either advanced mechanical recycling of PSW as virgin or second grade plastic ...The disposal of plastic solid waste (PSW) has become a major worldwide environmental problem. New sustainable processes have emerged, i.e. either advanced mechanical recycling of PSW as virgin or second grade plastic feedstock, or thermal treatments to recycle the waste as virgin monomer, as synthetic fuel gas, or as heat source (incineration with energy recovery). These processes avoid land filling, where the non-biodegradable plastics remain a lasting environmental burden. Within the thermal treatments, gasification and pyrolysis gain increased interest. Gasification has been widely studied and applied for biomass and coal, with results reported and published in literature. The application to the treatment of PSW is less documented. Gasification is commonly operated at high temperatures (> 600℃ to 800℃) in an air-lean environment (or oxygen-deficient in some applications): the air factor is generally between 20% and 40% of the amount of air needed for the combustion of the PSW. Gasification produces mostly a gas phase and a solid residue (char and ashes). The use of air introduces N2 in the product gases, thus considerably reducing the calorific value of the syngas, because of the dilution. The paper will review the existing literature data on PSW gasification, both as the result of laboratory and pilot-scale research. Processes developed in the past will be illustrated. Recently, the use of a sequential gasification and combustion system (at very high temperatures) has been applied to various plastic-containing wastes, with atmospheric emissions shown to be invariably below the legal limits. Operating results and conditions will be reviewed in the paper, and completed with recent own lab-scale experimental results. These results demonstrate that gasification of PSW can be considered as a first order reaction, with values of the activation energy in the order of 187 to 289 kJ/mol as a function of the PSW nature.展开更多
A new kind of asymmetrical ether diamine,3,4＇-bis（4-aminophenoxy）benzophenone（BABP）,was synthesized from the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4-chloronitrobenzene and 3,4＇-dihydroxybenzophenone in the prese...A new kind of asymmetrical ether diamine,3,4＇-bis（4-aminophenoxy）benzophenone（BABP）,was synthesized from the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4-chloronitrobenzene and 3,4＇-dihydroxybenzophenone in the presence of potassium carbonate,followed by catalytic reduction with SnCl_2-6H_2O and concentrated hydrochloric acid.The prepared diamine was employed in the preparation of a novel polyimide containing asymmetrical diaryl ether segments via the polycondensation of it with BTDA by a two-step method.The resulting polyimide exhibits excellent solubility,film-forming capability and high thermal resistance.展开更多
The understanding of enzymatic saccharification of pretreated lignocellulosic material is of great importance. There are several important commercially available enzymes in the market that are used for this purpose. T...The understanding of enzymatic saccharification of pretreated lignocellulosic material is of great importance. There are several important commercially available enzymes in the market that are used for this purpose. The conditions of pH and temperature performance of any particular enzyme are very well defined and it is clearly indicated by its manufacturer and it depends on the type of enzyme or enzymes in the complex pool. It is well know that commercial cellulases work best at pH around 4.8-5.0 and as a consequence this is widely used in the industry and the literature. In this study it was found that optimum pH of cellulases is different than that recommended by its manufacturer at higher solids load saccharification. The optimum pH changes depending on the consistency or solids loads of the matrix where the enzyme is acting upon. Steam exploded corn stover was tested with cellulases and xylanases at different pH, consistencies and ionic strength. Results showed that the optimum pH at lower consistency （1% w/w） is the same as the one recommended by the manufacturer and in the literature; however at higher consistency the value obtained was higher （pH 5.5 to pH 6.5） instead ofpH 4.8. The difference could represent up to 30-50% higher yields and hence of great importance for the economics of second generation fuel production. An explanation of this behavior could be associated with the Donnan effect theory. This effect indicates that the presence of charged groups in the fiber matrix creates a pH gradient within the slurry. If the charged groups are negatively charged this would create a local or internal pH lower than the surrounding liquid pH. This could explain why by reducing the concentration of H^＋ higher enzymatic conversion yields were observed.展开更多
The roots of onion (Allium cepa) stand out for having cells with large size and small number of chromosomes.These characteristics make them useful in bioassays for the measurement of a variety of cytogenetic and morph...The roots of onion (Allium cepa) stand out for having cells with large size and small number of chromosomes.These characteristics make them useful in bioassays for the measurement of a variety of cytogenetic and morphological parameters , in which they can be used as toxicity indicators of the induction and formation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations.Based on this background , the potential genotoxic effect of phenol concentration on cells of A.ceparoots was investigated either in terms of induced aberrations or micronuclei formation.The results demonstrated that the higher the concentration of phenol , the higher the incidence of abnormalities , thus confirming the genotoxicity of this pollutant.展开更多
The In Vitro Bionic Digestion Model(IVBDM)are used to simulate the digestion process of food or pharmaceuticals in corresponding digestion tracts for obtaining the digestion data,which are expected to replace in vivo ...The In Vitro Bionic Digestion Model(IVBDM)are used to simulate the digestion process of food or pharmaceuticals in corresponding digestion tracts for obtaining the digestion data,which are expected to replace in vivo experiments with ani-mals in the early stages of functional food or drug development,and thus have broad applications prospects.However,little is known so far about how the factors including the Young's modulus of the model,the level,location and direction of the applied load,affect the peristalsis amplitude of the IVBDM.Based on an In Vitro Bionic Rat Stomach Model(IVBRSM),simulation and experimental analysis were conducted to examine the factors effecting the peristalsis amplitude of the IVBRSM.It is shown that Young's modulus of the model significantly affects the peristalsis amplitude,with lower Young's modulus resulting in larger amplitude.Load level,location,and direction also influence the peristalsis amplitude.Addition-ally,IVBRSM size and wall thickness play a role,with larger models requiring higher load levels or lower Young's modulus for the same peristalsis amplitude.Simulation data correlate well with experimental results.These findings contribute to the understanding of the peristalsis state of IVBRSM under different conditions and can guide the design and fabrication of such in vitro bionic digestion models.展开更多
Diabetes,an intricate chronic metabolic disorder,remains constituting a substantial global health concern,claiming millions of lives each year with no definitive cure currently available to date.Left untreated,diabete...Diabetes,an intricate chronic metabolic disorder,remains constituting a substantial global health concern,claiming millions of lives each year with no definitive cure currently available to date.Left untreated,diabetes consequently leads to the development of both microvascular as well as macrovascular complications,which are major contributors to the mortality rates among diabetic individuals.The pathogenesis of these complications involves a range of biochemical pathways,including aberrant metabolic pathways,oxidative stress,advanced glycation end products,the activation of protein kinase C,and the implication of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines.Strategies such as the design of specific inhibitors and antioxidant therapy have shown promise in managing these biochemical processes.In addition,pharmacological approaches have been explored to address the underlying mechanisms of diabetic complications,particularly the polyol pathway.In parallel,nutritional management has emerged as a key component in restoring metabolic balance and improving outcomes for individuals with diabetes.Dietary and diet interventions play a pivotal role in regulating glycemic levels,ameliorating inflammation,and supporting overall metabolic health in diabetic patients.This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the intricate biochemical basis of diabetic complications and explores the latest advancements in pharmacological and nutritional interventions for the effective control of diabetes and its associated consequences.By integrating cutting-edge research findings and practical strategies,this review seeks to provide valuable insights into the multifaceted approach required to combat the challenges posed by diabetes and enhance the quality of care for affected individuals.展开更多
Despite the success,it is highly challenging to battle against pathogenic biofilms-based chronic bacterial infections by conventional antibiotic therapy.Herein,we report a near-infrared(NIR)/acid-induced nanoplatform ...Despite the success,it is highly challenging to battle against pathogenic biofilms-based chronic bacterial infections by conventional antibiotic therapy.Herein,we report a near-infrared(NIR)/acid-induced nanoplatform based on chitosan(CS)-coated indocyanine green(ICG,photosensitizer)/luteolin(LUT,a natural quorum sensing inhibitor)nanocomposites(ICG/LUT-CS)as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents for skin wound healing.Initially,the ICG/LUT nanoplatforms are prepared by the supercritical antisolvent technology and coated with the CS layer.The obtained ICG/LUT-CS with ultra-high encapsulation efficiency exhibited more favorable photothermal conversion effects and improved NIR laser/acid dual-induced drug release behavior than individual modalities,achieving exceptional bacteria-killing and biofilm elimination effects.Moreover,the ICG/LUT-CS realized the synergetic effects of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy outcomes for wound healing.Together,our findings provided an appealing strategy for the rapid preparation and future translational application of ICG/LUT-CS as an ideal agent for fighting against biofilm infections.展开更多
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of all cancer-related deaths due to the lack of effective targeted drugs that simultaneously block multiple signaling pathways that drive the dissemination and growth of cancer c...Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of all cancer-related deaths due to the lack of effective targeted drugs that simultaneously block multiple signaling pathways that drive the dissemination and growth of cancer cells.The unique proline isomerase Pin1 activates numerous cancer pathways,but its role in cancer metastasis and the inhibitory efficacy of Pin1 inhibitors on cancer metastasis are unknown.Moreover,the applicability of Pin1 inhibitor-all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)is limited due to its several drawbacks.Herein,uniform ATRA-loaded polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymer nanoparticles(ATRA-NPs)with high encapsulation efficiency,good cellular uptake,excellent controlled release performance and pharmacokinetics are developed using supercritical carbon dioxide processing combined with an optimized design.ATRA-NPs exhibited excellent biosafety and significant inhibition on the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Pin1 played a key role in cancer metastasis and was the main target of ATRA-NPs.ATRA-NPs exerted their potent anti-metastatic effect by inhibiting Pin1 and then simultaneously blocking multiple signaling pathways and cancer epithelial-mesenchymal progression.Since ATRA-NPs could effectively couple the inhibition of cancer cell dissemination with cancer growth,it provided a novel therapeutic strategy for efficiently inhibiting cancer metastasis.展开更多
Polygonatum sibiricum has long been a popular functional food in Asia,known for its anti-inflammatory properties.However,its efficacy in alleviating colitis has yet to be investigated.This study aimed to explore the t...Polygonatum sibiricum has long been a popular functional food in Asia,known for its anti-inflammatory properties.However,its efficacy in alleviating colitis has yet to be investigated.This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of P.sibiricum polysaccharides(PSP)in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis,focusing on the related pyroptosis mechanisms.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis showed that PSP possesses a smooth surface with no pore structure and a dense,lamellar structure adorned with numerous spherical entities.PSP treatment significantly reduced colitis symptoms and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines,likely through suppression of the Toll like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor KB(NF-KB)signaling pathway.Additionally,PSP attenuated NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC)/Caspase-1/Gasdermin D(GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and mitochondria damage in the colon,while enhanced the expression of tight junction and adherens junction proteins.Microbiota sequencing showed that PSP increased the abundance of phylum Bacteroidota and genus such as g_unclassified_f_Muribaculaceae,Lactobacillus,Clostridia_UCG-014,and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,while decreased the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Enterobacter,Escherichia-Shigella,and Blautia.In conclusion,this study demonstrates that PSP exerts the potential therapeutic role against colitis,which was mediated by the regulation of gut microbiota and the inhibition of colonic NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.展开更多
Under the driving force of the“carbon cycle”goals,achieving efficient synthesis and precise functional regulation of catalytic materials while simultaneously addressing CO_(2) resource utilization and environmental ...Under the driving force of the“carbon cycle”goals,achieving efficient synthesis and precise functional regulation of catalytic materials while simultaneously addressing CO_(2) resource utilization and environmental friendliness has become a central challenge in the fields of energy catalysis and pollution control.Traditional synthesis methods often face issues such as insufficient precision in microstructure regulation,high energy consumption in processes,and solvent pollution,while the inadequate exposure of active sites and low mass transfer efficiency of CO_(2) conversion catalysts further hinder their large-scale application.In response to these challenges,supercritical carbon dioxide(sc-CO_(2))technology,leveraging its unique physicochemical properties and green process characteristics,offers an innovative solution for the multi-scale structural design and performance optimization of catalytic materials.This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms by which sc-CO_(2) technology regulates micro/nano structures(e.g.,defect engineering,hierarchical pore construction),modifies active sites(e.g.,heteroatom doping),and enhances reaction kinetics in the synthesis of photo/electrocatalysts,revealing its key role in improving CO_(2) reduction efficiency,pollutant degradation rates,and sensor sensitivity.Furthermore,it highlights that,future advancements in machine learning-driven process optimization,single-atom catalyst design,and reactor fluid dynamics innovation can overcome current limitations such as sensitivity to pressure-temperature conditions and insufficient material stability.This review provides a theoretical framework for developing sc-CO_(2) synthesis technologies that combine atomic-level precision control with industrial feasibility,thereby advancing clean energy conversion and low-carbon manufacturing.展开更多
Tsetse flies are the sole cyclic vectors of African trypanosomes,which cause human and animal African trypanosomiases in Africa.Tsetse fly control remains a promising option for disease management.The sterile insect t...Tsetse flies are the sole cyclic vectors of African trypanosomes,which cause human and animal African trypanosomiases in Africa.Tsetse fly control remains a promising option for disease management.The sterile insect technique(SIT)stands as an environmentally friendly tool to control tsetse populations.SIT requires the mass-rearing of competent sterile males to mate with wild females.However,long-term colonization might affect the genetic structure of the reared flies.This study investigated the genetic structure of four Glossina palpalis gambiensis colonies of different ages:two originating from Senegal(SEN and ICIRSEN)and two from Burkina Faso(CIR and IBD).Samples from these colonies were genotyped at ten microsatellite loci,followed by downstream population genetic analyses.The results show that the two colonies from Burkina Faso collected from close sites(~20 km apart)over 45-year interval retained the same genetic background(FsT cIR~IBD≈0,P-value=0.47).These flies were however,genetically different from those from the Senegal colonies(FsT cIR~SEN≈0.047;FsT IBD~SEN≈0.058,P-value=10-4).Moreover,no significant difference was detected in the gene diversity of the CIR and IBD colonies,with Hs values of 0.650 and 0.665,respectively.Theinbreeding coefficient showed that all four colonies where under Hardy—Weinberg equilibrium,with FIs values of 0.026,0.012,-0.064,and 0.001,for CIR,IBD,ICIRSEN,and SEN.respectively.Furthermore,no sign of a recent bottleneck was identified in tsetse samples from any of the four colonies.The results suggest that long-term mass-rearing of tsetse flies has no significant impact on their genetic background and diversity.展开更多
Tsetse flies(Glossina spp.)can vector the parasites(Trypanosoma spp.)that cause the socioeconomically devastating neglected tropical diseases human and animal African trypanosomoses.In addition to this parasite,tsetse...Tsetse flies(Glossina spp.)can vector the parasites(Trypanosoma spp.)that cause the socioeconomically devastating neglected tropical diseases human and animal African trypanosomoses.In addition to this parasite,tsetse can harbor four genera of endosymbiotic bacteria,including Wigglesworthia,Sodalis,Wolbachia,and Spiroplasma,which are functionally crucial for the fly's physiological homeostasis and/or are potentially useful for the development of disease control strategies.Recent discoveries indicate that Spiroplasma infection negatively impacts tsetse fecundity.Conversely,housing the bacterium can benefit its fly host by making it unusually refractory to infection with parasitic African trypanosomes.In this study,we assessed the physiological impact of Spiroplasma infection on a laboratory colony of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes(Gff).For this purpose,two distinct Gff colonies were established:a Spi–colony that harbors a low Spiroplasma infection prevalence and a Spi+colony that harbors a high Spiroplasma infection prevalence.Fitness parameters for both colonies revealed no significant differences in the length of larval development,adult eclosion rate,and flight propensity.However,flies from the Spi+colony presented with lower fecundity and higher overall mortality than did individuals from the Spi–colony.Furthermore,males from the Spi–colony exhibited a competitive mating advantage over their Spi+counterparts in a field cage setting.These findings have potential implications for the improvement of mass-rearing of Gff for sterile insect technique(SIT)applications.展开更多
Bacterial infections cause severe health conditions,resulting in a significant economic burden for the public health system.Although natural phytochemicals are considered promising anti-bacterial agents,they suffer fr...Bacterial infections cause severe health conditions,resulting in a significant economic burden for the public health system.Although natural phytochemicals are considered promising anti-bacterial agents,they suffer from several limitations,such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability in vivo,severely restricting their wide application.Herein,we constructed a near-infrared(NIR)-responsive carrier-free berberine hydrochloride(BH,phytochemicals)/indocyanine green(ICG,photosensitizer)nanoparticles(BI NPs)for synergistic antibacterial of an infected wound.Through electrostatic interaction andπ-πstacking,the hydrophobic BH and amphiphilic ICG are initially self-assembled to generate carrier-free nanoparticles.The obtained BI NPs demonstrated NIR-responsive drug release behavior and better photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 36%.In addition,BI NPs stimulated by NIR laser exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity,which realized the synergistic antibacterial treatment and promoted infected wound healing.In summary,the current research results provided a candidate strategy for self-assembling new BI NPs to treat bacterial infections synergistically.展开更多
Although nano-immunotherapy has advanced dramatically in recent times,there remain two significant hurdles related to immune systems in cancer treatment,such as(namely)inevitable immune elimination of nanoplat-forms a...Although nano-immunotherapy has advanced dramatically in recent times,there remain two significant hurdles related to immune systems in cancer treatment,such as(namely)inevitable immune elimination of nanoplat-forms and severely immunosuppressive microenvironment with low immunogenicity,hampering the perfor-mance of nanomedicines.To address these issues,several immune-regulating camouflaged nanocomposites have emerged as prevailing strategies due to their unique characteristics and specific functionalities.In this review,we emphasize the composition,performances,and mechanisms of various immune-regulating camouflaged nano-platforms,including polymer-coated,cell membrane-camouflaged,and exosome-based nanoplatforms to evade the immune clearance of nanoplatforms or upregulate the immune function against the tumor.Further,we discuss the applications of these immune-regulating camouflaged nanoplatforms in directly boosting cancer immunotherapy and some immunogenic cell death-inducing immunotherapeutic modalities,such as chemo-therapy,photothermal therapy,and reactive oxygen species-mediated immunotherapies,highlighting the cur-rent progress and recent advancements.Finally,we conclude the article with interesting perspectives,suggesting future tendencies of these innovative camouflaged constructs towards their translation pipeline.展开更多
文摘Articular cartilage plays an important role in weight-bearing and movement.However,it is also more easily damaged in intra-articular fractures.As the cartilage has no vessel and nerve,so it is hardly to repair itself once damaged seriously.Tissue engineering is a potential way to cure the cartilage damage because it combines scaffold and cells.Gels
基金supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation(the Agreement number 02.a03.21.0008)
文摘This paper focuses on preparation of colloidal solution of graphene-like structures from different ranks of coals: brown coal,bituminous coal,low-volatile bituminous coal,anthracite. It was found that brown coal thermo-oxidative destruction leads to formation of small d = 32 nm( V = 17%) and large d = 122 nm( V = 11%) fractions of nanoparticles. The thermo-oxidative destruction of bituminous coal leads to formation of nanoparticles d = 50 nm( V = 5.2%) and d = 164 nm( V = 16%). Thermooxidative destruction of low-volatile bituminous coal and anthracite leads to formation of nanoparticles,predominantly,d = 122-190 nm. Carbon nanostructures obtained from coal are negatively charged at pH= 2-12. Colloidal solution of carbon nanostructures at dispersed phase concentration 0. 01 mg/mL is stable for 1 month. Electron diffraction patterns and X-ray analysis of carbon nanostructures showed that nanostructure from brown coal is amorphous and nanostructure from anthracite is crystalline. Results of coal macromolecules modeling and graphene-like structures obtained from them are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21872016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT17ZD204)~~
文摘The development of high efficiency and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution is critical for energy storage and conversion systems. Herein, a series of Co/Fe bimetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were fabricated using a facile ultrasonic method at room temperature, as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution. The Co2Fe-MOF exhibited an overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^-2, a low Tafel slope of 44.7 mV dec^-1, and long-term stability over 12000 s in 1 mol L^-1 KOH. This impressive performance was attributed to the high charge transfer rate, large specific surface area, and synergistic effects of the cobalt and iron centers.
文摘The disposal of plastic solid waste (PSW) has become a major worldwide environmental problem. New sustainable processes have emerged, i.e. either advanced mechanical recycling of PSW as virgin or second grade plastic feedstock, or thermal treatments to recycle the waste as virgin monomer, as synthetic fuel gas, or as heat source (incineration with energy recovery). These processes avoid land filling, where the non-biodegradable plastics remain a lasting environmental burden. Within the thermal treatments, gasification and pyrolysis gain increased interest. Gasification has been widely studied and applied for biomass and coal, with results reported and published in literature. The application to the treatment of PSW is less documented. Gasification is commonly operated at high temperatures (> 600℃ to 800℃) in an air-lean environment (or oxygen-deficient in some applications): the air factor is generally between 20% and 40% of the amount of air needed for the combustion of the PSW. Gasification produces mostly a gas phase and a solid residue (char and ashes). The use of air introduces N2 in the product gases, thus considerably reducing the calorific value of the syngas, because of the dilution. The paper will review the existing literature data on PSW gasification, both as the result of laboratory and pilot-scale research. Processes developed in the past will be illustrated. Recently, the use of a sequential gasification and combustion system (at very high temperatures) has been applied to various plastic-containing wastes, with atmospheric emissions shown to be invariably below the legal limits. Operating results and conditions will be reviewed in the paper, and completed with recent own lab-scale experimental results. These results demonstrate that gasification of PSW can be considered as a first order reaction, with values of the activation energy in the order of 187 to 289 kJ/mol as a function of the PSW nature.
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No. 096RJZA047)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2011-24)
文摘A new kind of asymmetrical ether diamine,3,4＇-bis（4-aminophenoxy）benzophenone（BABP）,was synthesized from the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4-chloronitrobenzene and 3,4＇-dihydroxybenzophenone in the presence of potassium carbonate,followed by catalytic reduction with SnCl_2-6H_2O and concentrated hydrochloric acid.The prepared diamine was employed in the preparation of a novel polyimide containing asymmetrical diaryl ether segments via the polycondensation of it with BTDA by a two-step method.The resulting polyimide exhibits excellent solubility,film-forming capability and high thermal resistance.
文摘The understanding of enzymatic saccharification of pretreated lignocellulosic material is of great importance. There are several important commercially available enzymes in the market that are used for this purpose. The conditions of pH and temperature performance of any particular enzyme are very well defined and it is clearly indicated by its manufacturer and it depends on the type of enzyme or enzymes in the complex pool. It is well know that commercial cellulases work best at pH around 4.8-5.0 and as a consequence this is widely used in the industry and the literature. In this study it was found that optimum pH of cellulases is different than that recommended by its manufacturer at higher solids load saccharification. The optimum pH changes depending on the consistency or solids loads of the matrix where the enzyme is acting upon. Steam exploded corn stover was tested with cellulases and xylanases at different pH, consistencies and ionic strength. Results showed that the optimum pH at lower consistency （1% w/w） is the same as the one recommended by the manufacturer and in the literature; however at higher consistency the value obtained was higher （pH 5.5 to pH 6.5） instead ofpH 4.8. The difference could represent up to 30-50% higher yields and hence of great importance for the economics of second generation fuel production. An explanation of this behavior could be associated with the Donnan effect theory. This effect indicates that the presence of charged groups in the fiber matrix creates a pH gradient within the slurry. If the charged groups are negatively charged this would create a local or internal pH lower than the surrounding liquid pH. This could explain why by reducing the concentration of H^＋ higher enzymatic conversion yields were observed.
文摘The roots of onion (Allium cepa) stand out for having cells with large size and small number of chromosomes.These characteristics make them useful in bioassays for the measurement of a variety of cytogenetic and morphological parameters , in which they can be used as toxicity indicators of the induction and formation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations.Based on this background , the potential genotoxic effect of phenol concentration on cells of A.ceparoots was investigated either in terms of induced aberrations or micronuclei formation.The results demonstrated that the higher the concentration of phenol , the higher the incidence of abnormalities , thus confirming the genotoxicity of this pollutant.
基金supported by the Interdisciplinary Research Program Project of Shihezi University(Grant No.JCYJ202311)Tianchi Innovation Leading Talent Development Fund in Xinjiang Bingtuan(Grant No.CZ002710)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31800828).
文摘The In Vitro Bionic Digestion Model(IVBDM)are used to simulate the digestion process of food or pharmaceuticals in corresponding digestion tracts for obtaining the digestion data,which are expected to replace in vivo experiments with ani-mals in the early stages of functional food or drug development,and thus have broad applications prospects.However,little is known so far about how the factors including the Young's modulus of the model,the level,location and direction of the applied load,affect the peristalsis amplitude of the IVBDM.Based on an In Vitro Bionic Rat Stomach Model(IVBRSM),simulation and experimental analysis were conducted to examine the factors effecting the peristalsis amplitude of the IVBRSM.It is shown that Young's modulus of the model significantly affects the peristalsis amplitude,with lower Young's modulus resulting in larger amplitude.Load level,location,and direction also influence the peristalsis amplitude.Addition-ally,IVBRSM size and wall thickness play a role,with larger models requiring higher load levels or lower Young's modulus for the same peristalsis amplitude.Simulation data correlate well with experimental results.These findings contribute to the understanding of the peristalsis state of IVBRSM under different conditions and can guide the design and fabrication of such in vitro bionic digestion models.
文摘Diabetes,an intricate chronic metabolic disorder,remains constituting a substantial global health concern,claiming millions of lives each year with no definitive cure currently available to date.Left untreated,diabetes consequently leads to the development of both microvascular as well as macrovascular complications,which are major contributors to the mortality rates among diabetic individuals.The pathogenesis of these complications involves a range of biochemical pathways,including aberrant metabolic pathways,oxidative stress,advanced glycation end products,the activation of protein kinase C,and the implication of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines.Strategies such as the design of specific inhibitors and antioxidant therapy have shown promise in managing these biochemical processes.In addition,pharmacological approaches have been explored to address the underlying mechanisms of diabetic complications,particularly the polyol pathway.In parallel,nutritional management has emerged as a key component in restoring metabolic balance and improving outcomes for individuals with diabetes.Dietary and diet interventions play a pivotal role in regulating glycemic levels,ameliorating inflammation,and supporting overall metabolic health in diabetic patients.This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the intricate biochemical basis of diabetic complications and explores the latest advancements in pharmacological and nutritional interventions for the effective control of diabetes and its associated consequences.By integrating cutting-edge research findings and practical strategies,this review seeks to provide valuable insights into the multifaceted approach required to combat the challenges posed by diabetes and enhance the quality of care for affected individuals.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2019YFE0113600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 81971734,32071323)and Program for Innovative Research Team in Science,Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(21BS113).
文摘Despite the success,it is highly challenging to battle against pathogenic biofilms-based chronic bacterial infections by conventional antibiotic therapy.Herein,we report a near-infrared(NIR)/acid-induced nanoplatform based on chitosan(CS)-coated indocyanine green(ICG,photosensitizer)/luteolin(LUT,a natural quorum sensing inhibitor)nanocomposites(ICG/LUT-CS)as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents for skin wound healing.Initially,the ICG/LUT nanoplatforms are prepared by the supercritical antisolvent technology and coated with the CS layer.The obtained ICG/LUT-CS with ultra-high encapsulation efficiency exhibited more favorable photothermal conversion effects and improved NIR laser/acid dual-induced drug release behavior than individual modalities,achieving exceptional bacteria-killing and biofilm elimination effects.Moreover,the ICG/LUT-CS realized the synergetic effects of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy outcomes for wound healing.Together,our findings provided an appealing strategy for the rapid preparation and future translational application of ICG/LUT-CS as an ideal agent for fighting against biofilm infections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 81502115)Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Numbers 2021J01671,2017J01529)the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian Province(Grant Number 2016Y9041).
文摘Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of all cancer-related deaths due to the lack of effective targeted drugs that simultaneously block multiple signaling pathways that drive the dissemination and growth of cancer cells.The unique proline isomerase Pin1 activates numerous cancer pathways,but its role in cancer metastasis and the inhibitory efficacy of Pin1 inhibitors on cancer metastasis are unknown.Moreover,the applicability of Pin1 inhibitor-all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA)is limited due to its several drawbacks.Herein,uniform ATRA-loaded polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymer nanoparticles(ATRA-NPs)with high encapsulation efficiency,good cellular uptake,excellent controlled release performance and pharmacokinetics are developed using supercritical carbon dioxide processing combined with an optimized design.ATRA-NPs exhibited excellent biosafety and significant inhibition on the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Pin1 played a key role in cancer metastasis and was the main target of ATRA-NPs.ATRA-NPs exerted their potent anti-metastatic effect by inhibiting Pin1 and then simultaneously blocking multiple signaling pathways and cancer epithelial-mesenchymal progression.Since ATRA-NPs could effectively couple the inhibition of cancer cell dissemination with cancer growth,it provided a novel therapeutic strategy for efficiently inhibiting cancer metastasis.
基金supported by Xiamen Science and Technology Plan Project(3502Z20226034)Xiamen Marine and Fishery Development Special Fund(23YYZP013QCA11)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01315).
文摘Polygonatum sibiricum has long been a popular functional food in Asia,known for its anti-inflammatory properties.However,its efficacy in alleviating colitis has yet to be investigated.This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of P.sibiricum polysaccharides(PSP)in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis,focusing on the related pyroptosis mechanisms.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis showed that PSP possesses a smooth surface with no pore structure and a dense,lamellar structure adorned with numerous spherical entities.PSP treatment significantly reduced colitis symptoms and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines,likely through suppression of the Toll like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor KB(NF-KB)signaling pathway.Additionally,PSP attenuated NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC)/Caspase-1/Gasdermin D(GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and mitochondria damage in the colon,while enhanced the expression of tight junction and adherens junction proteins.Microbiota sequencing showed that PSP increased the abundance of phylum Bacteroidota and genus such as g_unclassified_f_Muribaculaceae,Lactobacillus,Clostridia_UCG-014,and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,while decreased the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Enterobacter,Escherichia-Shigella,and Blautia.In conclusion,this study demonstrates that PSP exerts the potential therapeutic role against colitis,which was mediated by the regulation of gut microbiota and the inhibition of colonic NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.32071323,32271410)the Science and Technology Projects in Fujian Province(grant Nos.2022FX1,2023Y4008)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(grant No.23BS108)the Open Research Fund of Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology of Huaqiao University(grant No.AACCT0004)Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Fujian Province University.
文摘Under the driving force of the“carbon cycle”goals,achieving efficient synthesis and precise functional regulation of catalytic materials while simultaneously addressing CO_(2) resource utilization and environmental friendliness has become a central challenge in the fields of energy catalysis and pollution control.Traditional synthesis methods often face issues such as insufficient precision in microstructure regulation,high energy consumption in processes,and solvent pollution,while the inadequate exposure of active sites and low mass transfer efficiency of CO_(2) conversion catalysts further hinder their large-scale application.In response to these challenges,supercritical carbon dioxide(sc-CO_(2))technology,leveraging its unique physicochemical properties and green process characteristics,offers an innovative solution for the multi-scale structural design and performance optimization of catalytic materials.This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms by which sc-CO_(2) technology regulates micro/nano structures(e.g.,defect engineering,hierarchical pore construction),modifies active sites(e.g.,heteroatom doping),and enhances reaction kinetics in the synthesis of photo/electrocatalysts,revealing its key role in improving CO_(2) reduction efficiency,pollutant degradation rates,and sensor sensitivity.Furthermore,it highlights that,future advancements in machine learning-driven process optimization,single-atom catalyst design,and reactor fluid dynamics innovation can overcome current limitations such as sensitivity to pressure-temperature conditions and insufficient material stability.This review provides a theoretical framework for developing sc-CO_(2) synthesis technologies that combine atomic-level precision control with industrial feasibility,thereby advancing clean energy conversion and low-carbon manufacturing.
基金funded by the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture,IAEA(CRP No.:D4.20.17),Vienna,Austria.
文摘Tsetse flies are the sole cyclic vectors of African trypanosomes,which cause human and animal African trypanosomiases in Africa.Tsetse fly control remains a promising option for disease management.The sterile insect technique(SIT)stands as an environmentally friendly tool to control tsetse populations.SIT requires the mass-rearing of competent sterile males to mate with wild females.However,long-term colonization might affect the genetic structure of the reared flies.This study investigated the genetic structure of four Glossina palpalis gambiensis colonies of different ages:two originating from Senegal(SEN and ICIRSEN)and two from Burkina Faso(CIR and IBD).Samples from these colonies were genotyped at ten microsatellite loci,followed by downstream population genetic analyses.The results show that the two colonies from Burkina Faso collected from close sites(~20 km apart)over 45-year interval retained the same genetic background(FsT cIR~IBD≈0,P-value=0.47).These flies were however,genetically different from those from the Senegal colonies(FsT cIR~SEN≈0.047;FsT IBD~SEN≈0.058,P-value=10-4).Moreover,no significant difference was detected in the gene diversity of the CIR and IBD colonies,with Hs values of 0.650 and 0.665,respectively.Theinbreeding coefficient showed that all four colonies where under Hardy—Weinberg equilibrium,with FIs values of 0.026,0.012,-0.064,and 0.001,for CIR,IBD,ICIRSEN,and SEN.respectively.Furthermore,no sign of a recent bottleneck was identified in tsetse samples from any of the four colonies.The results suggest that long-term mass-rearing of tsetse flies has no significant impact on their genetic background and diversity.
文摘Tsetse flies(Glossina spp.)can vector the parasites(Trypanosoma spp.)that cause the socioeconomically devastating neglected tropical diseases human and animal African trypanosomoses.In addition to this parasite,tsetse can harbor four genera of endosymbiotic bacteria,including Wigglesworthia,Sodalis,Wolbachia,and Spiroplasma,which are functionally crucial for the fly's physiological homeostasis and/or are potentially useful for the development of disease control strategies.Recent discoveries indicate that Spiroplasma infection negatively impacts tsetse fecundity.Conversely,housing the bacterium can benefit its fly host by making it unusually refractory to infection with parasitic African trypanosomes.In this study,we assessed the physiological impact of Spiroplasma infection on a laboratory colony of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes(Gff).For this purpose,two distinct Gff colonies were established:a Spi–colony that harbors a low Spiroplasma infection prevalence and a Spi+colony that harbors a high Spiroplasma infection prevalence.Fitness parameters for both colonies revealed no significant differences in the length of larval development,adult eclosion rate,and flight propensity.However,flies from the Spi+colony presented with lower fecundity and higher overall mortality than did individuals from the Spi–colony.Furthermore,males from the Spi–colony exhibited a competitive mating advantage over their Spi+counterparts in a field cage setting.These findings have potential implications for the improvement of mass-rearing of Gff for sterile insect technique(SIT)applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2019YFE0113600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 81971734,32071323,32271410)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Projects in Fujian Province(2022FX1,2023Y4008)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science,Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(21BS113)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Bacterial infections cause severe health conditions,resulting in a significant economic burden for the public health system.Although natural phytochemicals are considered promising anti-bacterial agents,they suffer from several limitations,such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability in vivo,severely restricting their wide application.Herein,we constructed a near-infrared(NIR)-responsive carrier-free berberine hydrochloride(BH,phytochemicals)/indocyanine green(ICG,photosensitizer)nanoparticles(BI NPs)for synergistic antibacterial of an infected wound.Through electrostatic interaction andπ-πstacking,the hydrophobic BH and amphiphilic ICG are initially self-assembled to generate carrier-free nanoparticles.The obtained BI NPs demonstrated NIR-responsive drug release behavior and better photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 36%.In addition,BI NPs stimulated by NIR laser exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity,which realized the synergistic antibacterial treatment and promoted infected wound healing.In summary,the current research results provided a candidate strategy for self-assembling new BI NPs to treat bacterial infections synergistically.
基金Financial support from the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2019YFE0113600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,81971734,and 32071323)Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Fujian Province University,and the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(20BS104).
文摘Although nano-immunotherapy has advanced dramatically in recent times,there remain two significant hurdles related to immune systems in cancer treatment,such as(namely)inevitable immune elimination of nanoplat-forms and severely immunosuppressive microenvironment with low immunogenicity,hampering the perfor-mance of nanomedicines.To address these issues,several immune-regulating camouflaged nanocomposites have emerged as prevailing strategies due to their unique characteristics and specific functionalities.In this review,we emphasize the composition,performances,and mechanisms of various immune-regulating camouflaged nano-platforms,including polymer-coated,cell membrane-camouflaged,and exosome-based nanoplatforms to evade the immune clearance of nanoplatforms or upregulate the immune function against the tumor.Further,we discuss the applications of these immune-regulating camouflaged nanoplatforms in directly boosting cancer immunotherapy and some immunogenic cell death-inducing immunotherapeutic modalities,such as chemo-therapy,photothermal therapy,and reactive oxygen species-mediated immunotherapies,highlighting the cur-rent progress and recent advancements.Finally,we conclude the article with interesting perspectives,suggesting future tendencies of these innovative camouflaged constructs towards their translation pipeline.
