BACKGROUND Venlafaxine,a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor,is widely prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder.At therapeutic dose,it is generally safe,with a low incidence of adverse effects...BACKGROUND Venlafaxine,a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor,is widely prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder.At therapeutic dose,it is generally safe,with a low incidence of adverse effects.However,massive venlafaxine inge-stion can cause serious cardiotoxicity,leading to life-threatening arrhythmias.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old woman with a history of depression ingested 14.8 g of venlafaxine along with 6 mg of estazolam and 6 mg of flunitrazepam.On admission,2 hours post-ingestion,she presented only with mild QTc prolongation.At 4 hours post-ingestion,she developed a generalized tonic-clonic seizure.Following endo-tracheal intubation,intravenous midazolam infusion was initiated and 50 g of activated charcoal was administered via a nasogastric tube.At 15 hours post-ingestion,she developed ventricular tachycardia that rapidly progressed to refr-actory ventricular fibrillation,which was successfully treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Toxicological analysis revealed serum ve-nlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine concentrations 17µg/mL and 10µg/mL,respectively,at 15 hours post-ingestion.CONCLUSION In cases of massive venlafaxine ingestion,continuous intensive monitoring,particularly of QTc,is essential for at least 24 hours,even when initial clinical signs are mild.If refractory ventricular arrhythmias occur,prompt ini-tiation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered.展开更多
Introduction:Diabetes mellitus(DM),a metabolic disorder,leads to organ damage due to chronic hyperglycemia with multiple pathogenic processes.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)poses risks to mothers and offspring,incr...Introduction:Diabetes mellitus(DM),a metabolic disorder,leads to organ damage due to chronic hyperglycemia with multiple pathogenic processes.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)poses risks to mothers and offspring,increasing the incidence of structural congenital heart disease(CHD)and myocardial hypertrophy in newborns.Objective:This review aimed to examine the association between maternal diabetes mellitus and CHD.Methods:This systematic review used the STROBE and TRIPOD checklists registered in PROSPERO(CRD42024513858).It focused on diagnostic test accuracy using the Munn et al.protocol for systematic assessment,emphasizing the“PIRD”:Population,Index Test,Reference Test,Diagnosis of Interest.This review aimed the following PIRD model question:‘Does diabetic pregnant woman inffuence in fetal cardiac malformation?’using PRISMA 2020 statement.A systematic review was conducted on 19 October 2023 in the following databases:PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase(Elsevier),CINAHL(EBSCO),Scopus(Elsevier),Web of Science(Clarivate Analytics),LILACS,and SciELO.Only articles in English,Spanish,and Portuguese languages were selected.Results:Seven studies between 2018 and 2023 were selected.The studies differed in terms of the cardiac ultrasound parameters used to assess CHD and diagnose diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.They highlight the importance of fetal echocardiography in detecting CHD prenatally and assessing the impact of diabetes mellitus on fetal cardiac health,recommending proactive care planning and early intervention for better outcomes.Conclusions:The studies highlight the impact of maternal diabetes mellitus,particularly GDM,on fetal cardiac development and support early detection by fetal echocardiography.Standardization and collaboration are essential to reffne management and outcomes in high-risk pregnancies.展开更多
Integrating exhaled breath analysis into the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases holds significant promise as a valuable tool for future clinical use,particularly for ischemic heart disease(IHD).However,current resea...Integrating exhaled breath analysis into the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases holds significant promise as a valuable tool for future clinical use,particularly for ischemic heart disease(IHD).However,current research on the volatilome(exhaled breath composition)in heart disease remains underexplored and lacks sufficient evidence to confirm its clinical validity.Key challenges hindering the application of breath analysis in diagnosing IHD include the scarcity of studies(only three published papers to date),substantial methodological bias in two of these studies,and the absence of standardized protocols for clinical imple-mentation.Additionally,inconsistencies in methodologies—such as sample collection,analytical techniques,machine learning(ML)approaches,and result interpretation—vary widely across studies,further complicating their reprodu-cibility and comparability.To address these gaps,there is an urgent need to establish unified guidelines that define best practices for breath sample collection,data analysis,ML integration,and biomarker annotation.Until these challenges are systematically resolved,the widespread adoption of exhaled breath analysis as a reliable diagnostic tool for IHD remains a distant goal rather than an immi-nent reality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease(IHD)impacts the quality of life and has the highest mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases globally.AIM To compare variations in the parameters of the single-lead electrocardiogram...BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease(IHD)impacts the quality of life and has the highest mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases globally.AIM To compare variations in the parameters of the single-lead electrocardiogram(ECG)during resting conditions and physical exertion in individuals diagnosed with IHD and those without the condition using vasodilator-induced stress computed tomography(CT)myocardial perfusion imaging as the diagnostic reference standard.METHODS This single center observational study included 80 participants.The participants were aged≥40 years and given an informed written consent to participate in the study.Both groups,G1(n=31)with and G2(n=49)without post stress induced myocardial perfusion defect,passed cardiologist consultation,anthropometric measurements,blood pressure and pulse rate measurement,echocardiography,cardio-ankle vascular index,bicycle ergometry,recording 3-min single-lead ECG(Cardio-Qvark)before and just after bicycle ergometry followed by performing CT myocardial perfusion.The LASSO regression with nested cross-validation was used to find the association between Cardio-Qvark parameters and the existence of the perfusion defect.Statistical processing was performed with the R programming language v4.2,Python v.3.10[^R],and Statistica 12 program.RESULTS Bicycle ergometry yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 50.7%[95%confidence interval(CI):0.388-0.625],specificity of 53.1%(95%CI:0.392-0.673),and sensitivity of 48.4%(95%CI:0.306-0.657).In contrast,the Cardio-Qvark test performed notably better with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 67%(95%CI:0.530-0.801),specificity of 75.5%(95%CI:0.628-0.88),and sensitivity of 51.6%(95%CI:0.333-0.695).CONCLUSION The single-lead ECG has a relatively higher diagnostic accuracy compared with bicycle ergometry by using machine learning models,but the difference was not statistically significant.However,further investigations are required to uncover the hidden capabilities of single-lead ECG in IHD diagnosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND The healthcare burden of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is rising globally and there are limited non-invasive biomarkers for accurate and early diagnosis.AIM To understand the important role that intestinal...BACKGROUND The healthcare burden of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is rising globally and there are limited non-invasive biomarkers for accurate and early diagnosis.AIM To understand the important role that intestinal microbiota play in IBD pathogenesis and identify anti-microbial antibody signatures that benefit clinical management of IBD patients.METHODS We performed serological profiling of 100 Crohn’s disease(CD)patients,100 ulcerative colitis(UC)patients and 100 healthy controls against 1173 bacterial and 397 viral proteins from 50 bacteria and 33 viruses on protein microarrays.The study subjects were randomly divided into discovery(n=150)and validation(n=150)sets.Statistical analysis was performed using R packages.RESULTS Anti-bacterial antibody responses showed greater differential prevalence among the three subject groups than anti-viral antibody responses.We identified novel antibodies against the antigens of Bacteroidetes vulgatus(BVU_0562)and Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP_1992)showing higher prevalence in CD patients relative to healthy controls.We also identified antibodies against the antigen of Streptococcus pyogenes(SPy_2009)showing higher prevalence in healthy controls relative to UC patients.Using these novel antibodies,we built biomarker panels with area under the curve(AUC)of 0.81,0.87,and 0.82 distinguishing CD vs control,UC vs control,and CD vs UC,respectively.Subgroup analysis revealed that penetrating CD behavior,colonic CD location,CD patients with a history of surgery,and extensive UC exhibited highest antibody prevalence among all patients.We demonstrated that autoantibodies and anti-microbial antibodies in CD patients had minimal correlation.CONCLUSION We have identified antibody signatures for CD and UC using a comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial antibody response in IBD.These antibodies and the source microorganisms of their target antigens improve our understanding of the role of specific microorganisms in IBD pathogenesis and,after future validation,should aid early and accurate diagnosis of IBD.展开更多
Polymer electrolytes(PEs)have been long recognized as the key materials to enable energy-dense batteries and render flexible energy devices practically viable,owing to their chemical and mechanical reliability.However...Polymer electrolytes(PEs)have been long recognized as the key materials to enable energy-dense batteries and render flexible energy devices practically viable,owing to their chemical and mechanical reliability.However,much of their promise is yet to be realized.The roomtemperature ion conductivity of existing PEs still falls short of the implementation criterion of 10^(-4) S cm^(-1) on the promise of acceptable mechanical properties,thereby precluding their practical application.The twin but inversely related duties of polymers,that is,functioning as both an ion-conducting medium and a structural backbone,underlie this issue but are less elucidated systematically.The polyacrylate(PA)family is among promising polymer matrices on account of ester polarity,electrode compatibility,chemical tunability,and mechanical durability.The extensive applicability of PA in plasticized gels,dry solids,and emerging composites makes PA-based PEs representative to illustrate the trade-off between ion conduction and mechanical strength.We herein seek to outline the stated long-standing conflict exemplified by PA-based PEs,focusing on crucial strategies toward balancing and reconciling the two mutually exclusive properties,with the intention of offering designing guidelines for next-generation PEs.展开更多
This study addresses challenges in fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) related to motion artifacts, maternal respiration, and hardware limitations. To enhance MRI quality, we employ deep learning techniques, specif...This study addresses challenges in fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) related to motion artifacts, maternal respiration, and hardware limitations. To enhance MRI quality, we employ deep learning techniques, specifically utilizing Cycle GAN. Synthetic pairs of images, simulating artifacts in fetal MRI, are generated to train the model. Our primary contribution is the use of Cycle GAN for fetal MRI restoration, augmented by artificially corrupted data. We compare three approaches (supervised Cycle GAN, Pix2Pix, and Mobile Unet) for artifact removal. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed supervised Cycle GAN effectively removes artifacts while preserving image details, as validated through Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and normalized Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The method proves comparable to alternatives but avoids the generation of spurious regions, which is crucial for medical accuracy.展开更多
Recent advancements in DNA and RNA bioengineering have paved the way for developing stimuli-responsive nanostructures with remarkable potential across various applications.These nanostructures,crafted through sophisti...Recent advancements in DNA and RNA bioengineering have paved the way for developing stimuli-responsive nanostructures with remarkable potential across various applications.These nanostructures,crafted through sophisticated bioengineering techniques,can dynamically and precisely respond to both physiological and physical stimuli,including nucleic acids(DNA/RNA),adenosine triphosphate,proteins,ions,small molecules,pH,light,and temperature.They offer high sensitivity and specificity,making them ideal for applications such as biomarker detection,gene therapy,and controlled targeted drug delivery.In this review,we summarize the bioengineering methods used to assemble versatile stimuli-responsive DNA/RNA nanostructures and discuss their emerging applications in structural biology and biomedicine,including biosensing,targeted drug delivery,and therapeutics.Finally,we highlight the challenges and opportunities in the rational design of these intelligent bioengineered nanostructures.展开更多
Potato common scab(CS)is a worldwide disease,caused by Streptomyces spp.,and its presence reduces the market value of potatoes.A nontoxic and potentially effective approach in many control strategies is the use of ant...Potato common scab(CS)is a worldwide disease,caused by Streptomyces spp.,and its presence reduces the market value of potatoes.A nontoxic and potentially effective approach in many control strategies is the use of antagonistic microbes as biocontrol agents.In this study,Bacillus atrophaeus DX-9 was isolated and assessed for its ability to protect against CS.Through integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analyses,changes in the soil microbial community structure and soil properties were analyzed to understand the effects of Bacillus atrophaeus DX-9 on CS.These studies revealed that DX-9 inoculation could significantly decrease CS disease rate,disease index,and the number of CS pathogens,along with an increase in soil N and P content.Our metagenomic assays identified 102 phyla and 1154 genera,and DX-9 inoculation increased the relative abundances of the phyla Pseudomonadota,Chloroflexota and Gemmatimonadota.Additionally,an increase in the relative abundance of genera,such as Bradyrhizobium,Agrobacterium,and Nitrobacter,were significantly and positively correlated with soil N and P.Metabolomic analysis revealed that DX-9 inoculation significantly increased the soil levels of phytolaccoside A,7,8-dihydropteroic acid,novobiocin,and azafrin.These compounds were enriched in microbe pathway metabolites,including xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism,biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites,and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins.In summary,the use of Bacillus atrophaeus DX-9 against potato CS offers an alternative biocontrol method that can improve both soil microbial community and properties.This study provides insight into the potential mechanisms by which microbial inoculants can control CS disease.展开更多
目的探讨灰度共生矩阵和灰度梯度共生矩阵统计学纹理特征在CT图像上甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别的可行性。方法回顾性收集甲状腺结节经手术病理证实的CT图像134例,手动提取含结节的单侧甲状腺感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)。计算ROI的统...目的探讨灰度共生矩阵和灰度梯度共生矩阵统计学纹理特征在CT图像上甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别的可行性。方法回顾性收集甲状腺结节经手术病理证实的CT图像134例,手动提取含结节的单侧甲状腺感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)。计算ROI的统计学纹理特征并归一化到[0,1],支持向量机作为分类器,并结合留一交叉验证法来评价实验效果。结果统计学纹理特征在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别中的准确率为0.76,敏感度0.60,特异性0.86和受试者操作曲线下面积为0.81。结论基于灰度共生矩阵和灰度梯度共生矩阵的统计法纹理特征,在甲状腺CT图像上对于结节的良恶性鉴别具有较好的分类效果。展开更多
As one of the transition metals, vanadium（V）（V（V）） in trace amounts represents an essential element for normal cell growth, but becomes toxic when its concentration is above 1 mg/L. V（V） can alter cellular dif...As one of the transition metals, vanadium（V）（V（V）） in trace amounts represents an essential element for normal cell growth, but becomes toxic when its concentration is above 1 mg/L. V（V） can alter cellular differentiation, gene expression, and other biochemical and metabolic phenomena. A feasible method to detoxify V（V） is to reduce it to V（IV）, which precipitates and can be readily removed from the water. The bioreduction of V（V） in a contaminated groundwater was investigated using autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen gas as the electron donor. Compared with the previous organic donors,H2 shows the advantages as an ideal electron donor, including nontoxicity and less production of excess biomass. V（V） was 95.5% removed by biochemical reduction when autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen were both present, and the reduced V（IV）precipitated, leading to total-V removal. Reduction kinetics could be described by a first-order model and were sensitive to p H and temperature, with the optimum ranges of p H 7.5–8.0 and 35–40°C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis by clone library showed that the dominant species in the experiments with V（V） bioreduction belonged to theβ-Proteobacteria. Previously known V（V）-reducing species were absent, suggesting that V（V）reduction was carried out by novel species. Their selective enrichment during V（V）bioreduction suggests that Rhodocyclus, a denitrifying bacterium, and Clostridium, a fermenter known to carry out metal reduction, were responsible for V（V） bioreduction.展开更多
Over the last 50 years,the explosive adoption of modern agricultural practices has led to an enormous increase in the emission of non-biodegradable and highly biotoxic ions into the hydrosphere.Excess intake of such i...Over the last 50 years,the explosive adoption of modern agricultural practices has led to an enormous increase in the emission of non-biodegradable and highly biotoxic ions into the hydrosphere.Excess intake of such ions,even essential trace elements such as Cu^(2+)and F^(-),can have serious consequences on human health.Therefore,to ensure safe drinking water and regulate wastewater discharge,photoelectrochemical(PEC)online sensors were developed,with advantages such as low energy consumption,inherent miniaturization,simple instrumentation,and fast response.However,there is no publicly available systematic review of the recent advances in PEC ion sensors available in the literature since January 2017.Thus,this review covers the various strategies that have been used to enhance the sensitivity,selectivity,and limit of detection for PEC ion sensors.The photoelectrochemically active materials,conductive substrates,electronic transfer,and performance of various PEC sensors are discussed in detail and divided into sections based on the measurement principle and detected ion species.We conclude this review by highlighting the challenges and potential future avenues of research associated with the development of novel high-performance PEC sensors.展开更多
Limitations of monolayer culture conditions have motivated scientists to explore new models that can recapitulate the architecture and function of human organs more accurately.Recent advances in the improvement of pro...Limitations of monolayer culture conditions have motivated scientists to explore new models that can recapitulate the architecture and function of human organs more accurately.Recent advances in the improvement of protocols have resulted in establishing three-dimensional(3D)organ-like architectures called‘organoids’that can display the characteristics of their corresponding real organs,including morphological features,functional activities,and personalized responses to specific pathogens.We discuss different organoid-based 3D models herein,which are classified based on their original germinal layer.Studies of organoids simulating the complexity of real tissues could provide novel platforms and opportunities for generating practical knowledge along with preclinical studies,including drug screening,toxicology,and molecular pathophysiology of diseases.This paper also outlines the key challenges,advantages,and prospects of current organoid systems.展开更多
The exosome-mediated response can promote or restrain the diseases by regulating the intracellular pathways,making the exosome become an effective marker for diagnosis and therapeutic control at the single-cell level....The exosome-mediated response can promote or restrain the diseases by regulating the intracellular pathways,making the exosome become an effective marker for diagnosis and therapeutic control at the single-cell level.However,real-time analysis is hard to be achieved with traditional approaches because the exosomes usually need to be enriched by ultracentrifugation for a measurable signal-to-noise ratio.Recently developed label-free single-molecule imaging approaches may become an real-time quantitative tool for the analysis of single exosomes and related secretion behaviors of single living cells owing to their extreme sensitivity.展开更多
One major consequence of global warming in the Antarctic region is increased ice-free zones.Subsequent colonization of these ice-free areas by penguins alters their biogeochemistry,with one prominent example being ele...One major consequence of global warming in the Antarctic region is increased ice-free zones.Subsequent colonization of these ice-free areas by penguins alters their biogeochemistry,with one prominent example being elevation of inorganic phosphate concentrations around feces depositions.The complex soil biochemistry in the region makes it difficult to define the causal factors of these changes using common research approaches.Here,we addressed the effects of phosphate alone on microbiome structure and dynamics over time by adding external phosphate to selected soils in the Antarctic region.We then analyzed the soil bacterial community composition and diversity using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and compared these data with phosphate levels.Parallel geochemical analysis revealed changes in nine soil geochemical factors upon phosphate addition,all of which were relevant to microbiome structure,with soil pH showing the highest correlation.Links between geochemical factors and composition were identified,as were interactions between bacterial taxa.Additionally,Sphingobacteriia,Sphingobacteriales and Chitinophagaceae were found to be more abundant in phosphate-treated soils.Co-occurrence network analysis revealed significantly increased levels of associations in all major network properties over time after phosphate supplementation.Therefore,we conclude phosphate addition has diverse effects on Antarctic soil microbiomes.展开更多
Genome-scale metabolic models(GEMs)have been widely employed to predict microorganism behaviors.However,GEMs only consider stoichiometric constraints,leading to a linear increase in simulated growth and product yields...Genome-scale metabolic models(GEMs)have been widely employed to predict microorganism behaviors.However,GEMs only consider stoichiometric constraints,leading to a linear increase in simulated growth and product yields as substrate uptake rates rise.This divergence from experimental measurements prompted the creation of enzyme-constrained models(ecModels)for various species,successfully enhancing chemical pro-duction.Building upon studies that allocate macromolecule resources,we developed a Python-based workflow(ECMpy)that constructs an enzyme-constrained model.This involves directly imposing an enzyme amount constraint in GEM and accounting for protein subunit composition in reactions.However,this procedure de-mands manual collection of enzyme kinetic parameter information and subunit composition details,making it rather user-unfriendly.In this work,we’ve enhanced the ECMpy toolbox to version 2.0,broadening its scope to automatically generate ecGEMs for a wider array of organisms.ECMpy 2.0 automates the retrieval of enzyme kinetic parameters and employs machine learning for predicting these parameters,which significantly enhances parameter coverage.Additionally,ECMpy 2.0 introduces common analytical and visualization features for ecModels,rendering computational results more user accessible.Furthermore,ECMpy 2.0 seamlessly integrates three published algorithms that exploit ecModels to uncover potential targets for metabolic engineering.ECMpy 2.0 is available at https://github.com/tibbdc/ECMpy or as a pip package(https://pypi.org/project/ECMpy/).展开更多
This study assessed the effects of changes in organic carbon content on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in the Antarctic Fildes Peninsula.16 S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate bacte...This study assessed the effects of changes in organic carbon content on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in the Antarctic Fildes Peninsula.16 S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate bacterial community composition.Firstly,we found that organic carbon(OrC)and nutrients showed an increasing trend in the lake area.Secondly,soil geochemistry changes affected microbial composition in the soil.Specifically,we found 3416 operational taxonomical units(OTUs)in 300 genera in five main phyla:Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Bacteroidetes.Although the diversity was similar among the four sites,the composition was different.Among them,Hungateii content changed very significantly,from 16.67% to 33.33%.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that most measured geochemical factors were relevant in structuring microbiomes,and organic carbon concentration showed the highest correlation,followed by NO3^--N.Hungateii was significantly correlated with the content of organic carbon.Our finding suggested organic carbon played an important role in soil bacterial communities of the Antarctic coastal lake region.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Venlafaxine,a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor,is widely prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder.At therapeutic dose,it is generally safe,with a low incidence of adverse effects.However,massive venlafaxine inge-stion can cause serious cardiotoxicity,leading to life-threatening arrhythmias.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old woman with a history of depression ingested 14.8 g of venlafaxine along with 6 mg of estazolam and 6 mg of flunitrazepam.On admission,2 hours post-ingestion,she presented only with mild QTc prolongation.At 4 hours post-ingestion,she developed a generalized tonic-clonic seizure.Following endo-tracheal intubation,intravenous midazolam infusion was initiated and 50 g of activated charcoal was administered via a nasogastric tube.At 15 hours post-ingestion,she developed ventricular tachycardia that rapidly progressed to refr-actory ventricular fibrillation,which was successfully treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Toxicological analysis revealed serum ve-nlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine concentrations 17µg/mL and 10µg/mL,respectively,at 15 hours post-ingestion.CONCLUSION In cases of massive venlafaxine ingestion,continuous intensive monitoring,particularly of QTc,is essential for at least 24 hours,even when initial clinical signs are mild.If refractory ventricular arrhythmias occur,prompt ini-tiation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered.
文摘Introduction:Diabetes mellitus(DM),a metabolic disorder,leads to organ damage due to chronic hyperglycemia with multiple pathogenic processes.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)poses risks to mothers and offspring,increasing the incidence of structural congenital heart disease(CHD)and myocardial hypertrophy in newborns.Objective:This review aimed to examine the association between maternal diabetes mellitus and CHD.Methods:This systematic review used the STROBE and TRIPOD checklists registered in PROSPERO(CRD42024513858).It focused on diagnostic test accuracy using the Munn et al.protocol for systematic assessment,emphasizing the“PIRD”:Population,Index Test,Reference Test,Diagnosis of Interest.This review aimed the following PIRD model question:‘Does diabetic pregnant woman inffuence in fetal cardiac malformation?’using PRISMA 2020 statement.A systematic review was conducted on 19 October 2023 in the following databases:PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase(Elsevier),CINAHL(EBSCO),Scopus(Elsevier),Web of Science(Clarivate Analytics),LILACS,and SciELO.Only articles in English,Spanish,and Portuguese languages were selected.Results:Seven studies between 2018 and 2023 were selected.The studies differed in terms of the cardiac ultrasound parameters used to assess CHD and diagnose diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.They highlight the importance of fetal echocardiography in detecting CHD prenatally and assessing the impact of diabetes mellitus on fetal cardiac health,recommending proactive care planning and early intervention for better outcomes.Conclusions:The studies highlight the impact of maternal diabetes mellitus,particularly GDM,on fetal cardiac development and support early detection by fetal echocardiography.Standardization and collaboration are essential to reffne management and outcomes in high-risk pregnancies.
基金Supported by The government assignment,No.1023022600020-6The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation Within The Framework of State Support for The Creation and Development of World-Class Research Center“Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare,”No.075-15-2022-304RSF grant,No.24-15-00549.
文摘Integrating exhaled breath analysis into the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases holds significant promise as a valuable tool for future clinical use,particularly for ischemic heart disease(IHD).However,current research on the volatilome(exhaled breath composition)in heart disease remains underexplored and lacks sufficient evidence to confirm its clinical validity.Key challenges hindering the application of breath analysis in diagnosing IHD include the scarcity of studies(only three published papers to date),substantial methodological bias in two of these studies,and the absence of standardized protocols for clinical imple-mentation.Additionally,inconsistencies in methodologies—such as sample collection,analytical techniques,machine learning(ML)approaches,and result interpretation—vary widely across studies,further complicating their reprodu-cibility and comparability.To address these gaps,there is an urgent need to establish unified guidelines that define best practices for breath sample collection,data analysis,ML integration,and biomarker annotation.Until these challenges are systematically resolved,the widespread adoption of exhaled breath analysis as a reliable diagnostic tool for IHD remains a distant goal rather than an immi-nent reality.
基金Supported by Government Assignment,No.1023022600020-6RSF Grant,No.24-15-00549Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the Framework of State Support for the Creation and Development of World-Class Research Center,No.075-15-2022-304.
文摘BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease(IHD)impacts the quality of life and has the highest mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases globally.AIM To compare variations in the parameters of the single-lead electrocardiogram(ECG)during resting conditions and physical exertion in individuals diagnosed with IHD and those without the condition using vasodilator-induced stress computed tomography(CT)myocardial perfusion imaging as the diagnostic reference standard.METHODS This single center observational study included 80 participants.The participants were aged≥40 years and given an informed written consent to participate in the study.Both groups,G1(n=31)with and G2(n=49)without post stress induced myocardial perfusion defect,passed cardiologist consultation,anthropometric measurements,blood pressure and pulse rate measurement,echocardiography,cardio-ankle vascular index,bicycle ergometry,recording 3-min single-lead ECG(Cardio-Qvark)before and just after bicycle ergometry followed by performing CT myocardial perfusion.The LASSO regression with nested cross-validation was used to find the association between Cardio-Qvark parameters and the existence of the perfusion defect.Statistical processing was performed with the R programming language v4.2,Python v.3.10[^R],and Statistica 12 program.RESULTS Bicycle ergometry yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 50.7%[95%confidence interval(CI):0.388-0.625],specificity of 53.1%(95%CI:0.392-0.673),and sensitivity of 48.4%(95%CI:0.306-0.657).In contrast,the Cardio-Qvark test performed notably better with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 67%(95%CI:0.530-0.801),specificity of 75.5%(95%CI:0.628-0.88),and sensitivity of 51.6%(95%CI:0.333-0.695).CONCLUSION The single-lead ECG has a relatively higher diagnostic accuracy compared with bicycle ergometry by using machine learning models,but the difference was not statistically significant.However,further investigations are required to uncover the hidden capabilities of single-lead ECG in IHD diagnosis.
文摘BACKGROUND The healthcare burden of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is rising globally and there are limited non-invasive biomarkers for accurate and early diagnosis.AIM To understand the important role that intestinal microbiota play in IBD pathogenesis and identify anti-microbial antibody signatures that benefit clinical management of IBD patients.METHODS We performed serological profiling of 100 Crohn’s disease(CD)patients,100 ulcerative colitis(UC)patients and 100 healthy controls against 1173 bacterial and 397 viral proteins from 50 bacteria and 33 viruses on protein microarrays.The study subjects were randomly divided into discovery(n=150)and validation(n=150)sets.Statistical analysis was performed using R packages.RESULTS Anti-bacterial antibody responses showed greater differential prevalence among the three subject groups than anti-viral antibody responses.We identified novel antibodies against the antigens of Bacteroidetes vulgatus(BVU_0562)and Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP_1992)showing higher prevalence in CD patients relative to healthy controls.We also identified antibodies against the antigen of Streptococcus pyogenes(SPy_2009)showing higher prevalence in healthy controls relative to UC patients.Using these novel antibodies,we built biomarker panels with area under the curve(AUC)of 0.81,0.87,and 0.82 distinguishing CD vs control,UC vs control,and CD vs UC,respectively.Subgroup analysis revealed that penetrating CD behavior,colonic CD location,CD patients with a history of surgery,and extensive UC exhibited highest antibody prevalence among all patients.We demonstrated that autoantibodies and anti-microbial antibodies in CD patients had minimal correlation.CONCLUSION We have identified antibody signatures for CD and UC using a comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial antibody response in IBD.These antibodies and the source microorganisms of their target antigens improve our understanding of the role of specific microorganisms in IBD pathogenesis and,after future validation,should aid early and accurate diagnosis of IBD.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21975271,22139001Shandong Energy Institute,Grant/Award Number:SEI I202127+3 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS,Grant/Award Number:2019214Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong,Grant/Award Number:2020CXGC010401Major basic research projects of Shandong Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:ZR2020ZD07Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:XDA22010600。
文摘Polymer electrolytes(PEs)have been long recognized as the key materials to enable energy-dense batteries and render flexible energy devices practically viable,owing to their chemical and mechanical reliability.However,much of their promise is yet to be realized.The roomtemperature ion conductivity of existing PEs still falls short of the implementation criterion of 10^(-4) S cm^(-1) on the promise of acceptable mechanical properties,thereby precluding their practical application.The twin but inversely related duties of polymers,that is,functioning as both an ion-conducting medium and a structural backbone,underlie this issue but are less elucidated systematically.The polyacrylate(PA)family is among promising polymer matrices on account of ester polarity,electrode compatibility,chemical tunability,and mechanical durability.The extensive applicability of PA in plasticized gels,dry solids,and emerging composites makes PA-based PEs representative to illustrate the trade-off between ion conduction and mechanical strength.We herein seek to outline the stated long-standing conflict exemplified by PA-based PEs,focusing on crucial strategies toward balancing and reconciling the two mutually exclusive properties,with the intention of offering designing guidelines for next-generation PEs.
文摘This study addresses challenges in fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) related to motion artifacts, maternal respiration, and hardware limitations. To enhance MRI quality, we employ deep learning techniques, specifically utilizing Cycle GAN. Synthetic pairs of images, simulating artifacts in fetal MRI, are generated to train the model. Our primary contribution is the use of Cycle GAN for fetal MRI restoration, augmented by artificially corrupted data. We compare three approaches (supervised Cycle GAN, Pix2Pix, and Mobile Unet) for artifact removal. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed supervised Cycle GAN effectively removes artifacts while preserving image details, as validated through Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and normalized Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The method proves comparable to alternatives but avoids the generation of spurious regions, which is crucial for medical accuracy.
文摘Recent advancements in DNA and RNA bioengineering have paved the way for developing stimuli-responsive nanostructures with remarkable potential across various applications.These nanostructures,crafted through sophisticated bioengineering techniques,can dynamically and precisely respond to both physiological and physical stimuli,including nucleic acids(DNA/RNA),adenosine triphosphate,proteins,ions,small molecules,pH,light,and temperature.They offer high sensitivity and specificity,making them ideal for applications such as biomarker detection,gene therapy,and controlled targeted drug delivery.In this review,we summarize the bioengineering methods used to assemble versatile stimuli-responsive DNA/RNA nanostructures and discuss their emerging applications in structural biology and biomedicine,including biosensing,targeted drug delivery,and therapeutics.Finally,we highlight the challenges and opportunities in the rational design of these intelligent bioengineered nanostructures.
基金supported by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Technology Tackling Programmed(Grant number:2021GG0300)by Hebei Science and Technology Major Project(22287501Z)by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant number:XDA28030202-3,XDA24020104).
文摘Potato common scab(CS)is a worldwide disease,caused by Streptomyces spp.,and its presence reduces the market value of potatoes.A nontoxic and potentially effective approach in many control strategies is the use of antagonistic microbes as biocontrol agents.In this study,Bacillus atrophaeus DX-9 was isolated and assessed for its ability to protect against CS.Through integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analyses,changes in the soil microbial community structure and soil properties were analyzed to understand the effects of Bacillus atrophaeus DX-9 on CS.These studies revealed that DX-9 inoculation could significantly decrease CS disease rate,disease index,and the number of CS pathogens,along with an increase in soil N and P content.Our metagenomic assays identified 102 phyla and 1154 genera,and DX-9 inoculation increased the relative abundances of the phyla Pseudomonadota,Chloroflexota and Gemmatimonadota.Additionally,an increase in the relative abundance of genera,such as Bradyrhizobium,Agrobacterium,and Nitrobacter,were significantly and positively correlated with soil N and P.Metabolomic analysis revealed that DX-9 inoculation significantly increased the soil levels of phytolaccoside A,7,8-dihydropteroic acid,novobiocin,and azafrin.These compounds were enriched in microbe pathway metabolites,including xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism,biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites,and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins.In summary,the use of Bacillus atrophaeus DX-9 against potato CS offers an alternative biocontrol method that can improve both soil microbial community and properties.This study provides insight into the potential mechanisms by which microbial inoculants can control CS disease.
文摘目的探讨灰度共生矩阵和灰度梯度共生矩阵统计学纹理特征在CT图像上甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别的可行性。方法回顾性收集甲状腺结节经手术病理证实的CT图像134例,手动提取含结节的单侧甲状腺感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI)。计算ROI的统计学纹理特征并归一化到[0,1],支持向量机作为分类器,并结合留一交叉验证法来评价实验效果。结果统计学纹理特征在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别中的准确率为0.76,敏感度0.60,特异性0.86和受试者操作曲线下面积为0.81。结论基于灰度共生矩阵和灰度梯度共生矩阵的统计法纹理特征,在甲状腺CT图像上对于结节的良恶性鉴别具有较好的分类效果。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51378368)
文摘As one of the transition metals, vanadium（V）（V（V）） in trace amounts represents an essential element for normal cell growth, but becomes toxic when its concentration is above 1 mg/L. V（V） can alter cellular differentiation, gene expression, and other biochemical and metabolic phenomena. A feasible method to detoxify V（V） is to reduce it to V（IV）, which precipitates and can be readily removed from the water. The bioreduction of V（V） in a contaminated groundwater was investigated using autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen gas as the electron donor. Compared with the previous organic donors,H2 shows the advantages as an ideal electron donor, including nontoxicity and less production of excess biomass. V（V） was 95.5% removed by biochemical reduction when autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen were both present, and the reduced V（IV）precipitated, leading to total-V removal. Reduction kinetics could be described by a first-order model and were sensitive to p H and temperature, with the optimum ranges of p H 7.5–8.0 and 35–40°C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis by clone library showed that the dominant species in the experiments with V（V） bioreduction belonged to theβ-Proteobacteria. Previously known V（V）-reducing species were absent, suggesting that V（V）reduction was carried out by novel species. Their selective enrichment during V（V）bioreduction suggests that Rhodocyclus, a denitrifying bacterium, and Clostridium, a fermenter known to carry out metal reduction, were responsible for V（V） bioreduction.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.52176178,51876018)Innovation Research Group of Universities in Chongqing(No.CXQT21035)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China(No.KJZDM202201101)Chongqing Postgraduate Innovation Project(No.CYS22645)。
文摘Over the last 50 years,the explosive adoption of modern agricultural practices has led to an enormous increase in the emission of non-biodegradable and highly biotoxic ions into the hydrosphere.Excess intake of such ions,even essential trace elements such as Cu^(2+)and F^(-),can have serious consequences on human health.Therefore,to ensure safe drinking water and regulate wastewater discharge,photoelectrochemical(PEC)online sensors were developed,with advantages such as low energy consumption,inherent miniaturization,simple instrumentation,and fast response.However,there is no publicly available systematic review of the recent advances in PEC ion sensors available in the literature since January 2017.Thus,this review covers the various strategies that have been used to enhance the sensitivity,selectivity,and limit of detection for PEC ion sensors.The photoelectrochemically active materials,conductive substrates,electronic transfer,and performance of various PEC sensors are discussed in detail and divided into sections based on the measurement principle and detected ion species.We conclude this review by highlighting the challenges and potential future avenues of research associated with the development of novel high-performance PEC sensors.
基金supported by the National Cancer Control Charity Foundation(Registration Number 41476,Grant Number,235)Iran National Science Foundation,INSF(Grant Number,97014445)by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of state support for the creation and development of World-Class Research Centers"Digital biodesign and personalized healthcare"(No.075-15-2020-926).
文摘Limitations of monolayer culture conditions have motivated scientists to explore new models that can recapitulate the architecture and function of human organs more accurately.Recent advances in the improvement of protocols have resulted in establishing three-dimensional(3D)organ-like architectures called‘organoids’that can display the characteristics of their corresponding real organs,including morphological features,functional activities,and personalized responses to specific pathogens.We discuss different organoid-based 3D models herein,which are classified based on their original germinal layer.Studies of organoids simulating the complexity of real tissues could provide novel platforms and opportunities for generating practical knowledge along with preclinical studies,including drug screening,toxicology,and molecular pathophysiology of diseases.This paper also outlines the key challenges,advantages,and prospects of current organoid systems.
基金National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health Grant[Grant No.R01GM107165].
文摘The exosome-mediated response can promote or restrain the diseases by regulating the intracellular pathways,making the exosome become an effective marker for diagnosis and therapeutic control at the single-cell level.However,real-time analysis is hard to be achieved with traditional approaches because the exosomes usually need to be enriched by ultracentrifugation for a measurable signal-to-noise ratio.Recently developed label-free single-molecule imaging approaches may become an real-time quantitative tool for the analysis of single exosomes and related secretion behaviors of single living cells owing to their extreme sensitivity.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant no.2018YFC1406700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41776198)the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(Grant no.GY0219Q10)。
文摘One major consequence of global warming in the Antarctic region is increased ice-free zones.Subsequent colonization of these ice-free areas by penguins alters their biogeochemistry,with one prominent example being elevation of inorganic phosphate concentrations around feces depositions.The complex soil biochemistry in the region makes it difficult to define the causal factors of these changes using common research approaches.Here,we addressed the effects of phosphate alone on microbiome structure and dynamics over time by adding external phosphate to selected soils in the Antarctic region.We then analyzed the soil bacterial community composition and diversity using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and compared these data with phosphate levels.Parallel geochemical analysis revealed changes in nine soil geochemical factors upon phosphate addition,all of which were relevant to microbiome structure,with soil pH showing the highest correlation.Links between geochemical factors and composition were identified,as were interactions between bacterial taxa.Additionally,Sphingobacteriia,Sphingobacteriales and Chitinophagaceae were found to be more abundant in phosphate-treated soils.Co-occurrence network analysis revealed significantly increased levels of associations in all major network properties over time after phosphate supplementation.Therefore,we conclude phosphate addition has diverse effects on Antarctic soil microbiomes.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2100700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300529,32201242,12326611)+2 种基金Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Projects(TSBICIPPTJS-001,TSBICIP-PTJS-002,TSBICIP-PTJJ-007)Major Program of Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology(22HHSWSS00021)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0480000).
文摘Genome-scale metabolic models(GEMs)have been widely employed to predict microorganism behaviors.However,GEMs only consider stoichiometric constraints,leading to a linear increase in simulated growth and product yields as substrate uptake rates rise.This divergence from experimental measurements prompted the creation of enzyme-constrained models(ecModels)for various species,successfully enhancing chemical pro-duction.Building upon studies that allocate macromolecule resources,we developed a Python-based workflow(ECMpy)that constructs an enzyme-constrained model.This involves directly imposing an enzyme amount constraint in GEM and accounting for protein subunit composition in reactions.However,this procedure de-mands manual collection of enzyme kinetic parameter information and subunit composition details,making it rather user-unfriendly.In this work,we’ve enhanced the ECMpy toolbox to version 2.0,broadening its scope to automatically generate ecGEMs for a wider array of organisms.ECMpy 2.0 automates the retrieval of enzyme kinetic parameters and employs machine learning for predicting these parameters,which significantly enhances parameter coverage.Additionally,ECMpy 2.0 introduces common analytical and visualization features for ecModels,rendering computational results more user accessible.Furthermore,ECMpy 2.0 seamlessly integrates three published algorithms that exploit ecModels to uncover potential targets for metabolic engineering.ECMpy 2.0 is available at https://github.com/tibbdc/ECMpy or as a pip package(https://pypi.org/project/ECMpy/).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41776198)the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China (No. GY0219Q10)the Development Fund of Marine Bioactive Substances, SOA (No. MBSMAT-201701)
文摘This study assessed the effects of changes in organic carbon content on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in the Antarctic Fildes Peninsula.16 S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate bacterial community composition.Firstly,we found that organic carbon(OrC)and nutrients showed an increasing trend in the lake area.Secondly,soil geochemistry changes affected microbial composition in the soil.Specifically,we found 3416 operational taxonomical units(OTUs)in 300 genera in five main phyla:Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Bacteroidetes.Although the diversity was similar among the four sites,the composition was different.Among them,Hungateii content changed very significantly,from 16.67% to 33.33%.Canonical correspondence analysis showed that most measured geochemical factors were relevant in structuring microbiomes,and organic carbon concentration showed the highest correlation,followed by NO3^--N.Hungateii was significantly correlated with the content of organic carbon.Our finding suggested organic carbon played an important role in soil bacterial communities of the Antarctic coastal lake region.
