In 1903, Farabee analyzed the heredity of the human digital malformation, brachydactyly, the first recorded disorder of the autosomal dominant Mendelian trait. In 1951, Bell classified this type of brachydactyly as ty...In 1903, Farabee analyzed the heredity of the human digital malformation, brachydactyly, the first recorded disorder of the autosomal dominant Mendelian trait. In 1951, Bell classified this type of brachydactyly as type A1 (BDA1). Over 100 cases from different ethnic groups have so far been reported. However, the real breakthrough in identifying the cause of BDA1 has only taken place in the last few years with the progress of the mapping and identification of one of the genes responsible for this disorder, thus providing an answer for a century old riddle. In this article, we attempt to review the current state of knowledge on the genetic features of BDA1 with its century-old history and signalling pathway of IHH, and also discuss genotype-phenotype correlation not only of BDA1, but also of all types of brachydactyly.展开更多
Nanomanipulation of DNA molecules or other biomolecules to form artificial patterns or structures at nanometer scale has potential applications in the construction of molecular devices in future industries. It may als...Nanomanipulation of DNA molecules or other biomolecules to form artificial patterns or structures at nanometer scale has potential applications in the construction of molecular devices in future industries. It may also lead to new insights into the interesting properties and behavior of this fantastic nature-selected molecule at the sin- gle-molecular level. Here we present a special method based on the combination of macroscopic “molecular comb- ing” and microscopic “molecular cutting” to manipulate DNA molecules and form complex patterns at nanometer scale on solid surfaces. A possible strategy for ordered DNA sequencing based on this nanomanipulation technique has also been proposed.展开更多
Nano-manipulation of single atoms and molecules is a critical technique in nanoscience and nanotech- nology. This review paper will focus on the recent development of the manipulation of single DNA molecules based on ...Nano-manipulation of single atoms and molecules is a critical technique in nanoscience and nanotech- nology. This review paper will focus on the recent development of the manipulation of single DNA molecules based on atomic force microscopy (AFM). Precise manipulation has been realized including varied manipulating modes such as “cutting”, “pushing”, “folding”, “kneading”, “picking up”, “dipping”, etc. The cutting accuracy is dominated by the size of the AFM tip, which is usually 10nm or less. Single DNA fragments can be cut and picked up and then amplified by single molecule PCR. Thus positioning isolation and sequencing can be performed.展开更多
The postgenomic era has seen an emergence of new applications of DNA manipulation technologies, including DNA-based molecular computing. Surface DNA computing has already been reported in a number of studies that,howe...The postgenomic era has seen an emergence of new applications of DNA manipulation technologies, including DNA-based molecular computing. Surface DNA computing has already been reported in a number of studies that,however, all employ different mechanisms other than automaton functions. Here we describe a programmable DNA surface-computing device as a Turing machine-like finite automaton. The laboratory automaton is primarily composed of DNA (inputs, output-detectors, transition molecules as software), DNA manipulating enzymes and buffer system that solve artificial computational problems autonomously. When fluoresceins were labeled in the 5' end of (-) strand of the input molecule, direct observation of all reaction intermediates along the time scale was made so that the dynamic process of DNA computing could be conveniently visualized. The features of this study are: (i) achievement of finite automaton functions by linearly programmed DNA computer operated on magnetic particle surface and (ii)direct detection of all DNA computing intermediates by capiilary electrophoresis. Since DNA computing has the massive parallelism and feasibility for automation, this achievement sets a basis for large-scale implications of DNA computing for functional genomics in the near future.展开更多
In this paper, a new approach is demonstrated to measure the compression elasticity of single biomolecule in small force regime (<0.5 nN) using vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy (VSPFM). With th...In this paper, a new approach is demonstrated to measure the compression elasticity of single biomolecule in small force regime (<0.5 nN) using vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy (VSPFM). With this method we investigate the compression elasticity of a single DNA molecule in the radial direction (perpendicular to DNA strands). The radial deformation of DNA molecules deposited on mica surface is shown to be able to reach about 50% un der external load, and this remarkable deformation is re- versible. In addition, the compression spring constant of DNA molecules is estimated to be about 0.6 nN/nm according to the height-force curves.展开更多
The height of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is measured by lift mode AFM combined with conventional tapping mode AFM. While the tip scan height is raised step by step, the tip pressure on sample is decreased gradually. ...The height of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is measured by lift mode AFM combined with conventional tapping mode AFM. While the tip scan height is raised step by step, the tip pressure on sample is decreased gradually. As a result, the deformation of the DNA strands decreases, and the height of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule can be deduced by the tip lift height. The measured height of dsDNA is 1.5±0.2 nm in lift mode, but only 0.8±0.2 nm in conventional tapping mode. This demonstrates that the tip pressure is a key factor in soft sample height measurement resulting in artificating lower values via conventional tap- ping mode.展开更多
基金This project was supported by NSFC/RGC joint Research Grant(No.N-HKU705/02)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2001CB5 10301).
文摘In 1903, Farabee analyzed the heredity of the human digital malformation, brachydactyly, the first recorded disorder of the autosomal dominant Mendelian trait. In 1951, Bell classified this type of brachydactyly as type A1 (BDA1). Over 100 cases from different ethnic groups have so far been reported. However, the real breakthrough in identifying the cause of BDA1 has only taken place in the last few years with the progress of the mapping and identification of one of the genes responsible for this disorder, thus providing an answer for a century old riddle. In this article, we attempt to review the current state of knowledge on the genetic features of BDA1 with its century-old history and signalling pathway of IHH, and also discuss genotype-phenotype correlation not only of BDA1, but also of all types of brachydactyly.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant No.10335070. Financial support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Scientific and Technological Committee is also appreciated.
文摘Nanomanipulation of DNA molecules or other biomolecules to form artificial patterns or structures at nanometer scale has potential applications in the construction of molecular devices in future industries. It may also lead to new insights into the interesting properties and behavior of this fantastic nature-selected molecule at the sin- gle-molecular level. Here we present a special method based on the combination of macroscopic “molecular comb- ing” and microscopic “molecular cutting” to manipulate DNA molecules and form complex patterns at nanometer scale on solid surfaces. A possible strategy for ordered DNA sequencing based on this nanomanipulation technique has also been proposed.
文摘Nano-manipulation of single atoms and molecules is a critical technique in nanoscience and nanotech- nology. This review paper will focus on the recent development of the manipulation of single DNA molecules based on atomic force microscopy (AFM). Precise manipulation has been realized including varied manipulating modes such as “cutting”, “pushing”, “folding”, “kneading”, “picking up”, “dipping”, etc. The cutting accuracy is dominated by the size of the AFM tip, which is usually 10nm or less. Single DNA fragments can be cut and picked up and then amplified by single molecule PCR. Thus positioning isolation and sequencing can be performed.
文摘The postgenomic era has seen an emergence of new applications of DNA manipulation technologies, including DNA-based molecular computing. Surface DNA computing has already been reported in a number of studies that,however, all employ different mechanisms other than automaton functions. Here we describe a programmable DNA surface-computing device as a Turing machine-like finite automaton. The laboratory automaton is primarily composed of DNA (inputs, output-detectors, transition molecules as software), DNA manipulating enzymes and buffer system that solve artificial computational problems autonomously. When fluoresceins were labeled in the 5' end of (-) strand of the input molecule, direct observation of all reaction intermediates along the time scale was made so that the dynamic process of DNA computing could be conveniently visualized. The features of this study are: (i) achievement of finite automaton functions by linearly programmed DNA computer operated on magnetic particle surface and (ii)direct detection of all DNA computing intermediates by capiilary electrophoresis. Since DNA computing has the massive parallelism and feasibility for automation, this achievement sets a basis for large-scale implications of DNA computing for functional genomics in the near future.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10304011 and 10335070)Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金Shanghai Science Committee Ningbo University.
文摘In this paper, a new approach is demonstrated to measure the compression elasticity of single biomolecule in small force regime (<0.5 nN) using vibrating mode scanning polarization force microscopy (VSPFM). With this method we investigate the compression elasticity of a single DNA molecule in the radial direction (perpendicular to DNA strands). The radial deformation of DNA molecules deposited on mica surface is shown to be able to reach about 50% un der external load, and this remarkable deformation is re- versible. In addition, the compression spring constant of DNA molecules is estimated to be about 0.6 nN/nm according to the height-force curves.
文摘The height of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is measured by lift mode AFM combined with conventional tapping mode AFM. While the tip scan height is raised step by step, the tip pressure on sample is decreased gradually. As a result, the deformation of the DNA strands decreases, and the height of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule can be deduced by the tip lift height. The measured height of dsDNA is 1.5±0.2 nm in lift mode, but only 0.8±0.2 nm in conventional tapping mode. This demonstrates that the tip pressure is a key factor in soft sample height measurement resulting in artificating lower values via conventional tap- ping mode.
