Mercury is ranked 3^(rd)as a global pollutant because of its long persistence in the environment. Approximately 65% of its anthropogenic emission (Hg^(0)) to the atmosphere is from coal-thermal power plants. Thus, the...Mercury is ranked 3^(rd)as a global pollutant because of its long persistence in the environment. Approximately 65% of its anthropogenic emission (Hg^(0)) to the atmosphere is from coal-thermal power plants. Thus, the Hg^(0)emission control from coal-thermal power plants is inevitable. Therefore, multiple sorbent materials were synthesized using a one-step pyrolysis method to capture the Hg^(0)from simulated coal syngas. Results showed, the Hg^(0)removal performance of the sorbents increased by the citric acid/ultrasonic application.T5CUF_(0.3)demonstrated the highest Hg^(0)capturing performance with an adsorption capacity of 106.81 μg/g within 60 min at 200 °C under complex simulated syngas mixture (20% CO,20% H_(2), 10 ppm V HCl, 6% H_(2)O, and 400 ppm V H_(2)S). The Hg^(0)removal mechanism was proposed, revealing that the chemisorption governs the Hg^(0)removal process. Besides, the active Hg^(0)removal performance is attributed to the high dispersion of valence Fe_(3)O_(4)and lattice oxygen (α) contents over the T5CUF_(0.3)surface. In addition, the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and XPS analysis confirmed that H_(2)S/HCl gases generate active sites over the sorbent surface, facilitating high Hg^(0)adsorption from syngas. This work represented a facile and practical pathway for utilizing cheap and eco-friendly tea waste to control the Hg^(0)emission.展开更多
The effect of a machine feeding rate(FR;1,1.5 and 2 Mg/h)and/or three levels of selected fineness degree(FD;3,5 and 7 mm)on machine performance,pellet physical parameters,required energy and production cost of three m...The effect of a machine feeding rate(FR;1,1.5 and 2 Mg/h)and/or three levels of selected fineness degree(FD;3,5 and 7 mm)on machine performance,pellet physical parameters,required energy and production cost of three main types of broilers diets were examined in this experiment.The examined broiler diets were formulated to meet the Ross 308 strain requirements.A complete factorial design(3×3×3)was used to identify the effects of studied factors on the pellet mill machine and pellet production.The obtained results indicated that the pellet mill productivity significantly(p˂0.001)improved through increased pellet mill feeding rate level.In addition,the machine pelleting efficiency was found to be significantly affected by all studied variables and their interactions.While the total power consumption of the machine showed no variations under the impact of the tested factors or with any of their combinations.Regarding the pellet physical quality indices,all broiler diets with all selected FD and lower FR had the maximum durability and bulk density levels.Furthermore,lower feeding rates were associated with higher hardness degrees.The lowest production costs were substantially correlated with high FR and intermediate FD(5 mm).Furthermore,production costs were determined to be reduced in finisher broiler diets under different feeding rates.Moreover,manufacturing costs of finisher broiler meals were observed to decrease in several feeding rates.Overall,these findings indicate the capabilities of producing high-quality pellets and reducing the needed production costs by optimizing feeding rates to 2 Mg/h and 2 mm fineness in broiler diets.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2019JLM-13)。
文摘Mercury is ranked 3^(rd)as a global pollutant because of its long persistence in the environment. Approximately 65% of its anthropogenic emission (Hg^(0)) to the atmosphere is from coal-thermal power plants. Thus, the Hg^(0)emission control from coal-thermal power plants is inevitable. Therefore, multiple sorbent materials were synthesized using a one-step pyrolysis method to capture the Hg^(0)from simulated coal syngas. Results showed, the Hg^(0)removal performance of the sorbents increased by the citric acid/ultrasonic application.T5CUF_(0.3)demonstrated the highest Hg^(0)capturing performance with an adsorption capacity of 106.81 μg/g within 60 min at 200 °C under complex simulated syngas mixture (20% CO,20% H_(2), 10 ppm V HCl, 6% H_(2)O, and 400 ppm V H_(2)S). The Hg^(0)removal mechanism was proposed, revealing that the chemisorption governs the Hg^(0)removal process. Besides, the active Hg^(0)removal performance is attributed to the high dispersion of valence Fe_(3)O_(4)and lattice oxygen (α) contents over the T5CUF_(0.3)surface. In addition, the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and XPS analysis confirmed that H_(2)S/HCl gases generate active sites over the sorbent surface, facilitating high Hg^(0)adsorption from syngas. This work represented a facile and practical pathway for utilizing cheap and eco-friendly tea waste to control the Hg^(0)emission.
文摘The effect of a machine feeding rate(FR;1,1.5 and 2 Mg/h)and/or three levels of selected fineness degree(FD;3,5 and 7 mm)on machine performance,pellet physical parameters,required energy and production cost of three main types of broilers diets were examined in this experiment.The examined broiler diets were formulated to meet the Ross 308 strain requirements.A complete factorial design(3×3×3)was used to identify the effects of studied factors on the pellet mill machine and pellet production.The obtained results indicated that the pellet mill productivity significantly(p˂0.001)improved through increased pellet mill feeding rate level.In addition,the machine pelleting efficiency was found to be significantly affected by all studied variables and their interactions.While the total power consumption of the machine showed no variations under the impact of the tested factors or with any of their combinations.Regarding the pellet physical quality indices,all broiler diets with all selected FD and lower FR had the maximum durability and bulk density levels.Furthermore,lower feeding rates were associated with higher hardness degrees.The lowest production costs were substantially correlated with high FR and intermediate FD(5 mm).Furthermore,production costs were determined to be reduced in finisher broiler diets under different feeding rates.Moreover,manufacturing costs of finisher broiler meals were observed to decrease in several feeding rates.Overall,these findings indicate the capabilities of producing high-quality pellets and reducing the needed production costs by optimizing feeding rates to 2 Mg/h and 2 mm fineness in broiler diets.
