Renewable 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid-based polyesters are one of the most promising materials for achieving plastic replacement in the age of energy and environmental crisis.However,their properties still cannot compe...Renewable 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid-based polyesters are one of the most promising materials for achieving plastic replacement in the age of energy and environmental crisis.However,their properties still cannot compete with those of petrochemical-based plastics,owing to insufficient molecular and/or microstructure designs.Herein,we utilize the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based MXene nanosheets for decorating carbon nanotube(CNT)and obtaining the structurally stable and highly dispersed dendritic heterostructured MXene@CNT,that can act as multi-roles,i.e.,polycondensation catalyst,crystal nucleator,and interface enhancer of polyester.The biobased MXene@CNT/polybutylene furandicarboxylate(PBF)(denoted as MCP)nanocomposites are synthesized by the strategy of“in situ catalytic polymerization and hot-pressing”.Benefiting from the multi-scale interactions(i.e.,covalent bonds,hydrogen bonds,and physical interlocks)in hybrid structure,the MCP presents exceptional mechanical strength(≈101 MPa),stiffness(≈3.1 GPa),toughness(≈130 MJ m^(-3)),and barrier properties(e.g.,O_(2)0.0187 barrer,CO_(2)0.0264 barrer,and H2O 1.57×10^(-14) g cm cm^(-2) s Pa)that are higher than most reported bio-based materials and engineering plastics.Moreover,it also displays satisfactory multifunctionality with high reprocessability(90%strength retention after 5 recycling),UV resistance(blocking 85%UVA rays),and solvent-resistant properties.As a state-of-art high-performance and multifunctional material,the novel bio-based MCP nanocomposite offers a more sustainable alternative to petrochemical-based plastics in packaging and engineering material fields.More importantly,our catalysis-interfacial strengthening integration strategy opens a door for designing and constructing high-performance bio-based polyester materials in future.展开更多
Background Hatch weight(HW)affects broiler growth and low HW(LHW)often leads to suboptimal performance.Sodium butyrate(SB)has been shown to promote growth through enhanced intestinal health.This study investi-gated ho...Background Hatch weight(HW)affects broiler growth and low HW(LHW)often leads to suboptimal performance.Sodium butyrate(SB)has been shown to promote growth through enhanced intestinal health.This study investi-gated how broilers with different HW responded to in ovo SB injection and whether SB could enhance gut health and performance in LHW chicks.Ross 308 broiler eggs were injected on incubation d 12 with physiological saline(control)or SB at 0.1%(SB1),0.3%(SB3),or 0.5%(SB5).Post-hatch,male chicks from each treatment were categorized as high HW(HHW)or LHW and assigned to 8 groups in a 4×2 factorial design.Production parameters were recorded periodically.Intestinal weight,length,and gene expression related to gut barrier function and immune response were examined on d 14 and 42.Cecal microbiota dynamics and predicted functionality were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results SB treatments did not affect hatchability.HHW-control group exhibited consistently better weight gain and FCR than LHW-control group.SB dose-dependently influenced performance and gut health in both HW catego-ries,with greater effects in LHW broilers at 0.3%.LHW-SB3 group attained highest body weight on d 42,exceeding controls but not significantly differing from HHW-SB3 group.LHW-SB3 group showed upregulation of gut-barrier genes CLDN1 in ileum,TJP1 in jejunum and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in both jejunum and ileum on d 14.Addi-tionally,LHW-SB3 group upregulated mucin-producing MUC6 gene in ileum,while HHW-SB5 group increased pro-inflammatory IL-12p40 cytokine in caecum on d 42.LHW-SB3 group demonstrated shorter relative intestinal lengths,while HHW-SB5 had longer lengths.HHW-control group had higher bacterial diversity and growth-promoting bacte-ria while LHW-control group harbored the potential pathogen Helicobacter.SB reshaped gut microbiota biodiversity,composition,and predicted metabolic pathways in both HW categories.The LHW-SB3 group exhibited highest alpha diversity on d 14 and most beneficial bacteria at all timepoints.HHW-SB5 group presented increased pathogenic Escherichia-Shigella and Campylobacter on d 42.Conclusions HW significantly affects subsequent performance and SB has differential effects based on HW.LHW chicks benefited more from 0.3%SB,showing improvements in growth,intestinal development,health,and gut microbiota characteristics.展开更多
In 2023,Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded the mRNA vaccine technology.The synthetic vaccine prepared by encapsu-lating the modified mRNA within cationic lipid nanocarriers signif-icantly reduces the risk of d...In 2023,Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded the mRNA vaccine technology.The synthetic vaccine prepared by encapsu-lating the modified mRNA within cationic lipid nanocarriers signif-icantly reduces the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In 2024,Kavli Prize recognizes the pioneering work of integrating engineered nanocarriers with biological functions for biomedical applications.The development of nanomedicine has changed the ways we approach the fundamental understand-ing,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of diseases.These suc-cessful cases brought great excitement to the field of nanomedicine;however,many challenges still remain.In particular,it is critical to optimize nanocarriers to improve delivery effi-ciency and selectivity as well as reduce toxic side effects.展开更多
The important component of the bio-photonic radiation is the bio-photonic solitons. Due to their existence, the bio-photonic radiation is different from ordinary electromagnetic radiation and has a very clear self-ind...The important component of the bio-photonic radiation is the bio-photonic solitons. Due to their existence, the bio-photonic radiation is different from ordinary electromagnetic radiation and has a very clear self-induced transparency. On the other hand, there are also various bio-solitons in DNA and proteins, which are manifested as various structural solitons such as kinks, or transmission solitons that use kinks as envelope waves and carry exponential and other wave functions. It is in DNA that there are two types of solitons with different properties, namely, wave envelope solitons have the function of transmitting biological binding energy and biological information, and Kink solitons only have the function of expanding or contracting double helix structures or opening and closing double helices. Their mutual cooperation enables the function of DNA to be completed. This paper proposes that the bio-photonic solitons in the bio-photonic radiation resonate with various solitons in the receptor DNA or protein as a whole (or locally), thereby transmitting biological information or genetic information, which is one of the important mechanisms for the bio-photonic radiation to transmit donors or change the genetic traits of receptors. It can be simply referred to as the soliton resonance mechanism. Furthermore, through the research and development of various instruments for collecting or amplifying plant photonic radiation signals, human cells can safely receive plant signals. This can be a process of resonance between plant photonic solitons and various biological solitons in human cells, which can play a role in regulating diseases. These experimental results and applications also provide an excellent interpretation of the soliton resonance mechanism.展开更多
In this study,epoxidized soybean oil(ESO)and ricinoleic acid(RA)were used to synthesize polyol esters,designated ESO-RA(ER)resin.The esters were further crosslinked with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(PMDI)to create...In this study,epoxidized soybean oil(ESO)and ricinoleic acid(RA)were used to synthesize polyol esters,designated ESO-RA(ER)resin.The esters were further crosslinked with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(PMDI)to create a biodegradable flame-retardant thermoset foam,referred to as ESO-RA-PMDI(ERP)foam,using water as a foaming agent.Additionally,flame retardants such as triethyl phosphate(TEP)and expanded graphite(EG)have been combined for foam preparation without the need for catalysts or foaming agents.The study findings showed that the incorporation of TEP and EG diminished the pulverization ratio while augmenting the compressive strength and shore hardness.Furthermore,the ERP foam exhibited exceptional flame retardant characteristics,as evidenced by a reported limiting oxygen index(LOI)value of 30.6vol%.A peak heat release rate of 97.12 kW/m^(2)was reported during the fire test.Significantly,a low peak smoke production rate(pSPR)of 0.026m^(2)/s and a total smoke production(TSP)of 0.62 m^(2)were achieved.In addition,ERP foam exhibited exceptional ultraviolet(UV)resistance,thermal insulation,and biodegradability.After 60 days of exposure to Penicillium sp.,foam containing both TEP and EG exhibited a mass loss of 9.39%,indicating that the incorporation of flame retardants did not negatively impact its biodegradability.展开更多
Background Optimal gut health is important to maximize growth performance and feed efficiency in broiler chickens.A total of 1,365 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 treatments gro...Background Optimal gut health is important to maximize growth performance and feed efficiency in broiler chickens.A total of 1,365 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 treatments groups with 21 replicates,13 birds per replicate.The present research investigated effects of microbial muramidase or a precision glycan alone or in combination on growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility,total blood carotenoid content,intestinal villus length,meat quality and gut microbiota in broiler chickens.Treatments included:NC:negative control(basal diet group);PC:positive control(basal diet+0.02%probiotics);MR:basal diet+0.035%microbial muramidase;PG:basal diet+0.1%precision glycan;and MRPG:basal diet+0.025%MR+0.1%PG,respectively.Results MRPG group increased the body weight gain and feed intake(P<0.05)compared with NC group.Moreover,it significantly increased total serum carotenoid(P<0.05)and MRPG altered the microbial diversity in ileum contents.The MRPG treatment group increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes,and family Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae,Oscillospiraceae,Lactobacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae and decreased the abundance of the phylum Campilobacterota,Bacteroidota and family Bacteroidaceae.Compared with the NC group,the chickens fed MRPG showed significantly increased in duodenum villus length at end the trial.Conclusion In this study,overall results showed that the synergetic effects of MR and PG showed enhancing growth performance,total serum carotenoid level and altering gut microbiota composition of broilers.The current research indicates that co-supplementation of MR and PG in broiler diets enhances intestinal health,consequently leading to an increased broiler production.展开更多
Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is the Sahelian crop par excellence due to its adaptation to the particular production conditions in this region. Unfortunately, in recent years this crop has been threatened by...Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is the Sahelian crop par excellence due to its adaptation to the particular production conditions in this region. Unfortunately, in recent years this crop has been threatened by very strong parasitic pressure and drought during the production period. The objective of this study is to analyze the main constraints of millet production and the solutions known to producers. A survey was carried out in November 2022 with a sample of 298 producers in five municipalities in the Tahoua region. The main constraints are drought and pressure from crop pests (locust, millet ear miner, floricultural insects) according to 57.9% of respondents. The millet ear miner is the most formidable pest according to 55% of respondents. Thus, the average yield obtained in a year of good production without the leafminer is 194 kg/ha and that obtained in a year of millet ear leafminer is around 27 kg to 43 kg/ha depending on the municipality. The yield obtained this last campaign after the attack of this leafminer varies from 64 to 77 kg/ha depending on the municipalities compared to a potential yield of over 1000 kg/ha. More than half of producers (58.1%) are unaware of the existence of biological control compared to only 12.5% who are aware of this alternative method. Work to popularize this technology is necessary in the five municipalities and the entire region in general.展开更多
A new type of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology(a combination of seawater corrosion and biological fouling resistance)is being actively researched to alleviate the serious corrosion of marine metal m...A new type of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology(a combination of seawater corrosion and biological fouling resistance)is being actively researched to alleviate the serious corrosion of marine metal materials.At present,there is almost no research on anti-corrosion and anti-fouling dual functional materials.In this paper,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)is attached to the surface of TiO,nanotubes through a one-step hydrothermal method for modification.The results indicate that when the hydrothermal reaction time is 24 h,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)/TiO_(2)nanocomposite material exhibits excellent performance in coupling with the protected 304 SS,with its open circuit potential shifts negatively to-1.04 V.This material improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and effectively improves the photochemical cathodic protection of 304 stainless steel.The high removal rate of Staphylococcus aureus(up to 93%)of the as-prepared samples also proved that it has the effect of the anti-biological fouling.展开更多
In tropical environments, most soybean growth studies have utilized rice husk biochar (RHB) in soil, even though it is low in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous. This may not give short-term agronomic performance re...In tropical environments, most soybean growth studies have utilized rice husk biochar (RHB) in soil, even though it is low in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous. This may not give short-term agronomic performance relative to enriched biochar. Moreover, the impact of inoculating soybean seeds with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum on nodulation and grain yield has produced inconclusive findings in the literature. This research therefore aims to assess the effect of poultry manure (PM), poultry manure biochar (PMB) and RHB alone and in combinations on grain yield, dry shoot and root biomass of soybeans in the semi-deciduous agro-ecological zone. In addition, the effect of B. japonicum inoculated and non-inoculated soybean seeds on nodulation and grain yield was also investigated. The treatments followed a split plot design studying inoculation and non-inoculation, soil amendments (eight), and control subplot factors, respectively. The results show that the amendment of a ferric acrisol with 4 Mg∙ha−1 PM, 10 Mg∙ha−1 RHB + 2 Mg∙ha−1 PM, and 5 Mg∙ha−1 RHB + 4 Mg∙ha−1 PMB with B. japonicum inoculated seed produced significantly greater grain yield (p = 0.05). PM treatment had a significant (p B. japonicum-inoculated soybean seeds significantly (p = 0.014) increased soybean nodulation. This study suggests that RHB combined with PM or PMB provides a beneficial source of N, P, and K, resulting in improved soybean yield and nodulation in a tropical ferric acrisol.展开更多
Drought stress(DS)and overuse of chemical fertilizers cause considerable losses in the agro-physiological as well as biochemical performance of plants.In this context,considerable effort will be required to replace ch...Drought stress(DS)and overuse of chemical fertilizers cause considerable losses in the agro-physiological as well as biochemical performance of plants.In this context,considerable effort will be required to replace chemical fertilizers(NPK)with biostimulants as an important approach to enhance the productivity and sustainability of agriculture.Here,we evaluated the effect of separating and/or combining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)with compost(C)in comparison to the use of NPK on the growth,physiological and biochemical of tomatoes under DS.The findings showed that DS significantly reduced the growth and physiological attributes of tomatoes.Furthermore,the treatment of AMF and C showed better results in agro-physiological and fruit quality compared to the NPK and control under DS.The combination of AMF and C(C+AMF)increased leaf water potential by 18.8%,stomatal conductance by 14.1%,fresh fruit weight by 25.0%,shoot dry matter by 104%and root dry matter by 56.1%compared to the control under DS.The study revealed that C+AMF caused a significant increase in sugar,protein and activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in leaves and fruits,and an opposite trend was observed in the case of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide compared to NPK and control under DS.In conclusion,it is recommended to utilize the combination of AMF with compost to enhance the growth,yield,osmotic adjustment,and antioxidant capacity of tomato plants.This approach can boost their resilience to water stress and improve overall fruit quality.展开更多
Mercury(Hg^(2+))has been recognized as a global pollutant with a toxic,mobile,and persistent nature.It adversely affects the ecosystem and human health.Already developed biosensors for Hg^(2+)detection majorly suffer ...Mercury(Hg^(2+))has been recognized as a global pollutant with a toxic,mobile,and persistent nature.It adversely affects the ecosystem and human health.Already developed biosensors for Hg^(2+)detection majorly suffer from poor sensitivity and specificity.Herein,a colorimetric/fluorimetric dual-mode sensing approach is designed for the quantitative detection of Hg^(2+).This novel sensing approach utilizes nanofluorophores,i.e.,fluorescent copper nanoclusters-doped zirconia metal-organic framework(CuNCs@Zr-MOF)nanoconjugate(blue color)and N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX(NMM)(red color)in combination with peroxidase-mimicking G-quadruplex DNAzyme(PMDNAzyme).In the presence of Hg^(2+),dabcyl conjugated complementary DNA with T-T mismatches form the stable duplex with the CuNCs@Zr-MOF@G-quadruplex structure through T-Hg^(2+)-T base pairing.It causes the quenching of fluorescence of CuNCs@Zr-MOF(463 nm)due to the Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)system.Moreover,the G-quadruplex(G4)structure of the aptamer enhances the fluorescence emission of NMM(610 nm).Besides this,the peroxidase-like activity of G4/hemin DNAzyme offers the colorimetric detection of Hg^(2+).The formation of duplex with PMDNAzyme increases the catalytic activity.This novel biosensing probe quantitatively detected Hg^(2+)using both fluorimetry and colorimetry approaches with a low detection limit of 0.59 and 36.3 nM,respectively.It was also observed that the presence of interfering metal ions in case of real aqueous samples does not affect the performance of this novel biosensing probe.These findings confirm the considerable potential of the proposed biosensing probe to screen the concentration of Hg^(2+)in aquatic products.展开更多
EPSPS is a key gene in the shikimic acid synthesis pathway that has been widely used in breeding crops with herbicide resistance.However,its role in regulating cell elongation is poorly understood.Through the overexpr...EPSPS is a key gene in the shikimic acid synthesis pathway that has been widely used in breeding crops with herbicide resistance.However,its role in regulating cell elongation is poorly understood.Through the overexpression of EPSPS genes,we generated lines resistant to glyphosate that exhibit an unexpected dwarf phenotype.A representative line,DHR1,exhibits a stable dwarf phenotype throughout its entire growth period.Except for plant height,the other agronomic traits of DHR1 are similar to its transgenic explants ZM24.Paraffin section observations showed that DHR1 internodes are shortened due to reduced elongation and division of the internode cells.Exogenous hormones confirmed that DHR1 is not a classical brassinolide(BR)-or gibberellin(GA)-related dwarfing mutant.Hybridization analysis and fine mapping confirmed that the EPSPS gene is the causal gene for dwarfism,and the phenotype can be inherited in different genotypes.Transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that genes associated with the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway are enriched in DHR1 compared with ZM24.Flavonoid metabolites are enriched in DHR1,whereas lignin metabolites are reduced.The enhancement of flavonoids likely results in differential expression of auxin signal pathway genes and alters the auxin response,subsequently affecting cell elongation.This study provides a new strategy for generating dwarfs and will accelerate advancements in light simplification in the cultivation and mechanized harvesting of cotton.展开更多
Monomethyl auristatin E(MMAE)is a derivative of the marine peptide Dolastatin 10,which has therapeutic effects against various cancers according to its antimitotic activity in multiple clinical trials.The antibody dru...Monomethyl auristatin E(MMAE)is a derivative of the marine peptide Dolastatin 10,which has therapeutic effects against various cancers according to its antimitotic activity in multiple clinical trials.The antibody drug conjugate(ADC)of MMAE is currently used in clinical practice.However,the safety issues of MMAE-based ADC,such as high drug toxicity and poor bioavailability,still exist when using it for anticancer therapy.A sustained release of drug delivery approach should be used to reduce toxicity and achieve sufficient anticancer effects.Herein,PLGA-b-PEG 2000 with excellent biocompatibility and slow degradation ability was adopted to construct MMAE-loaded nanoparticles for safe and effective chemotherapy.The sustained release effect and the immunogenic cell death(ICD)effect of PLGA-MMAE nanoparticles were assessed by in vitro experiments.The PLGA-MMAE nanoparticles effectively accumulated in the tumor through the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect,inducing cell apoptosis and causing a certain degree of immune response.The sustained drug release of PLGA-MMAE improved the bioavailability and effectively reduced the toxicity and development of the tumor compared to the effect of free MMAE or ADC.Overall,this study provides a safe and effective chemotherapeutic approach,as well as a simple and effective synthetic process for MMAE-based nanoparticles,improving their therapeutic efficacy and safety.展开更多
Gravimetric resonant-inspired biosensors have attracted increasing attention in industrial and point-ofcare applications,enabling label-free detection of biomarkers such as DNA and antibodies.Capacitive micromachined ...Gravimetric resonant-inspired biosensors have attracted increasing attention in industrial and point-ofcare applications,enabling label-free detection of biomarkers such as DNA and antibodies.Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers(CMUTs)are promising tools for developing miniaturized highperformance biosensing complementary metal–oxide–silicon(CMOS)platforms.However,their operability is limited by inefficient functionalization,aggregation,crosstalk in the buffer,and the requirement for an external high-voltage(HV)power supply.In this study,we aimed to propose a CMUTs-based resonant biosensor integrated with a CMOS front–end interface coupled with ethylene–glycol alkanethiols to detect single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides with large specificity.The topography of the functionalized surface was characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.Improved selectivity for onchip hybridization was demonstrated by comparing complementary and non-complementary singlestranded DNA oligonucleotides using fluorescence imaging technology.The sensor array was further characterized using a five-element lumped equivalent model.The 4 mm^(2) application-specific integrated circuit chip was designed and developed through 0.18 lm HV bipolar-CMOS-double diffused metal–oxide–silicon(DMOS)technology(BCD)to generate on-chip 20 V HV boosting and to track feedback frequency under a standard 1.8 V supply,with a total power consumption of 3.8 mW in a continuous mode.The measured results indicated a detection sensitivity of 7.943×10^(-3) lmol·L^(-1)·Hz^(-1) over a concentration range of 1 to 100 lmol·L^(-1).In conclusion,the label-free biosensing of DNA under dry conditions was successfully demonstrated using a microfabricated CMUT array with a 2 MHz frequency on CMOS electronics with an internal HV supplier.Moreover,ethylene–glycol alkanethiols successfully deposited self-assembled monolayers on aluminum electrodes,which has never been attempted thus far on CMUTs,to enhance the selectivity of bio-functionalization.The findings of this study indicate the possibility of full-on-chip DNA biosensing with CMUTs.展开更多
Over the last few years, the importance of the resident intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases has been largely investigated. Growing evidence suggest that microbiota can influe...Over the last few years, the importance of the resident intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases has been largely investigated. Growing evidence suggest that microbiota can influence gastrointestinal motility. The current working hypothesis is that dysbiosis-driven mucosal alterations induce the production of several inflammatory/immune mediators which affect gut neuro-muscular functions. Besides these indirect mucosal-mediated effects, the present review highlights that recent evidence suggests that microbiota can directly affect enteric nerves and smooth muscle cells functions through its metabolic products or bacterial molecular components translocated from the intestinal lumen. Tolllike receptors, the bacterial recognition receptors, are expressed both on enteric nerves and smooth muscle and are emerging as potential mediators between microbiota and the enteric neuromuscular apparatus. Furthermore, the ongoing studies on probiotics support the hypothesis that the neuromuscular apparatus may represent a target of intervention, thus opening new physiopathological and therapeutic scenarios.展开更多
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most alarming pathogens affecting both humans and the global bovine industry. The current control measures in hospitals and on farms for MRSA have proven...Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most alarming pathogens affecting both humans and the global bovine industry. The current control measures in hospitals and on farms for MRSA have proven to be inadequate leaving a need for new rapid control methods to curb MRSA infections in situ. New control measures for bacterial infection are widely sought, with particular interest in the applications for bacteriophages (phages) as a biocontrol or therapeutic agent. The current study uses a wild highly lytic phage isolated from cow’s milk taken from three farms in Baghdad, Iraq. The resulting phage was able to rescue 100% of the mice from a median lethal dose (LD50) or (1 × 108 CFU mL-1 per mouse) for MRSA wild isolates achieved when the phage: bacteria ratio was 100:1. Even when treatment was delayed for 6 h post lethal infection, to the point where all mice were moribund, 80% of them were rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. Based on the current results, a comprehensive study is needed to guide further research on the MRSA phage as a biocontrol for MRSA mastitis in dairy cows to replace or reduce the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry.展开更多
The high-water content of tomato predisposes it to spoilage by microorganisms and led producers to carry out traditional processing of tomatoes in the form of pasteurized tomato puree. However, rapid acidification of ...The high-water content of tomato predisposes it to spoilage by microorganisms and led producers to carry out traditional processing of tomatoes in the form of pasteurized tomato puree. However, rapid acidification of these traditional tomato purees is often observed. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil extracted from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the improvement of traditional tomato puree producing technology. Essential oil of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was extracted by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined by GC and GC/MS. Different types of traditional tomato puree were produced by the modification of the traditional processing technology and the addition of the essential oil introduction step, followed by manual stirring during the process. Based on previous studies, two different essential oil concentrations (5.0 and 7.5 μL∙g−1) were investigated. Physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional analyzes were performed in order to evaluate the quality of the traditional tomato puree produced. Results obtained revealed that the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum investigated has a chemical composition characterized by the presence of eugenol (59.11%) and eugenol acetate (33.73%). Good stabilization of the physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional parameters in traditional tomato puree samples preserved with essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum were observed when compared to control. The essential oil of Clove, with his biological property, offers a novel approach to the management of traditional tomato puree during storage.展开更多
Investigation of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)for biomedical applications has attracted much attention in recent years.MOFs are regarded as a promising class of nanocarriers for drug delivery owing to well-defined s...Investigation of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)for biomedical applications has attracted much attention in recent years.MOFs are regarded as a promising class of nanocarriers for drug delivery owing to well-defined structure,ultrahigh surface area and porosity,tunable pore size,and easy chemical functionalization.In this review,the unique properties of MOFs and their advantages as nanocarriers for drug delivery in biomedical applications were discussed in the first section.Then,state-ofthe-art strategies to functionalize MOFs with therapeutic agents were summarized,including surface adsorption,pore encapsulation,covalent binding,and functional molecules as building blocks.In the third section,the most recent biological applications of MOFs for intracellular delivery of drugs,proteins,and nucleic acids,especially aptamers,were presented.Finally,challenges and prospects were comprehensively discussed to provide context for future development of MOFs as efficient drug delivery systems.展开更多
It is of great knowledge nowadays that the use of fossil fuels is responsible for the emission of gases that intensify the greenhouse effect, which threatens the survival of the humankind. The gravity of this fact cou...It is of great knowledge nowadays that the use of fossil fuels is responsible for the emission of gases that intensify the greenhouse effect, which threatens the survival of the humankind. The gravity of this fact could be mitigated through the indirect use of solar energy for fuels derived from vegetable that can be planted and cultivated by the world of renewable and non-polisher. Microalgae play an important role in this regard, as they have promising characteristics as potential raw material for the production of biofuels, able to absorb large amounts of CO2. Chlorophyll organisms convert these simple substances in the atmosphere, absorbing sunlight into chemical energy stored, that is, compounds with high energy, biomass can also be used to obtain biocompounds human nutritional supplement and food animal, however, have been found an important number of difficulties to economically viable production like high cost of production of dry biomass and oil extraction. Here, we review the main approaches of biorefinery concept appearing as an alternative to achieve economic viability of the production of bio-diesel based on microalgae. The major points are the following: 1) use of re-residual water, 2) marketing of Carbon Credits, and 3) development of co-products resulting from high value added.展开更多
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC52473104)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2104500)+3 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.Y24B040002)Ningbo 2025 Key Scientific Research Programs(Grant No.2022Z160)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M733601)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2023I333&2023J409).
文摘Renewable 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid-based polyesters are one of the most promising materials for achieving plastic replacement in the age of energy and environmental crisis.However,their properties still cannot compete with those of petrochemical-based plastics,owing to insufficient molecular and/or microstructure designs.Herein,we utilize the Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based MXene nanosheets for decorating carbon nanotube(CNT)and obtaining the structurally stable and highly dispersed dendritic heterostructured MXene@CNT,that can act as multi-roles,i.e.,polycondensation catalyst,crystal nucleator,and interface enhancer of polyester.The biobased MXene@CNT/polybutylene furandicarboxylate(PBF)(denoted as MCP)nanocomposites are synthesized by the strategy of“in situ catalytic polymerization and hot-pressing”.Benefiting from the multi-scale interactions(i.e.,covalent bonds,hydrogen bonds,and physical interlocks)in hybrid structure,the MCP presents exceptional mechanical strength(≈101 MPa),stiffness(≈3.1 GPa),toughness(≈130 MJ m^(-3)),and barrier properties(e.g.,O_(2)0.0187 barrer,CO_(2)0.0264 barrer,and H2O 1.57×10^(-14) g cm cm^(-2) s Pa)that are higher than most reported bio-based materials and engineering plastics.Moreover,it also displays satisfactory multifunctionality with high reprocessability(90%strength retention after 5 recycling),UV resistance(blocking 85%UVA rays),and solvent-resistant properties.As a state-of-art high-performance and multifunctional material,the novel bio-based MCP nanocomposite offers a more sustainable alternative to petrochemical-based plastics in packaging and engineering material fields.More importantly,our catalysis-interfacial strengthening integration strategy opens a door for designing and constructing high-performance bio-based polyester materials in future.
基金financially supported article publication charges under the program"Regional Initiative of Excellence"(RID/SP/0017/2024/01)funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 955374。
文摘Background Hatch weight(HW)affects broiler growth and low HW(LHW)often leads to suboptimal performance.Sodium butyrate(SB)has been shown to promote growth through enhanced intestinal health.This study investi-gated how broilers with different HW responded to in ovo SB injection and whether SB could enhance gut health and performance in LHW chicks.Ross 308 broiler eggs were injected on incubation d 12 with physiological saline(control)or SB at 0.1%(SB1),0.3%(SB3),or 0.5%(SB5).Post-hatch,male chicks from each treatment were categorized as high HW(HHW)or LHW and assigned to 8 groups in a 4×2 factorial design.Production parameters were recorded periodically.Intestinal weight,length,and gene expression related to gut barrier function and immune response were examined on d 14 and 42.Cecal microbiota dynamics and predicted functionality were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results SB treatments did not affect hatchability.HHW-control group exhibited consistently better weight gain and FCR than LHW-control group.SB dose-dependently influenced performance and gut health in both HW catego-ries,with greater effects in LHW broilers at 0.3%.LHW-SB3 group attained highest body weight on d 42,exceeding controls but not significantly differing from HHW-SB3 group.LHW-SB3 group showed upregulation of gut-barrier genes CLDN1 in ileum,TJP1 in jejunum and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in both jejunum and ileum on d 14.Addi-tionally,LHW-SB3 group upregulated mucin-producing MUC6 gene in ileum,while HHW-SB5 group increased pro-inflammatory IL-12p40 cytokine in caecum on d 42.LHW-SB3 group demonstrated shorter relative intestinal lengths,while HHW-SB5 had longer lengths.HHW-control group had higher bacterial diversity and growth-promoting bacte-ria while LHW-control group harbored the potential pathogen Helicobacter.SB reshaped gut microbiota biodiversity,composition,and predicted metabolic pathways in both HW categories.The LHW-SB3 group exhibited highest alpha diversity on d 14 and most beneficial bacteria at all timepoints.HHW-SB5 group presented increased pathogenic Escherichia-Shigella and Campylobacter on d 42.Conclusions HW significantly affects subsequent performance and SB has differential effects based on HW.LHW chicks benefited more from 0.3%SB,showing improvements in growth,intestinal development,health,and gut microbiota characteristics.
文摘In 2023,Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine awarded the mRNA vaccine technology.The synthetic vaccine prepared by encapsu-lating the modified mRNA within cationic lipid nanocarriers signif-icantly reduces the risk of death from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).In 2024,Kavli Prize recognizes the pioneering work of integrating engineered nanocarriers with biological functions for biomedical applications.The development of nanomedicine has changed the ways we approach the fundamental understand-ing,diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of diseases.These suc-cessful cases brought great excitement to the field of nanomedicine;however,many challenges still remain.In particular,it is critical to optimize nanocarriers to improve delivery effi-ciency and selectivity as well as reduce toxic side effects.
文摘The important component of the bio-photonic radiation is the bio-photonic solitons. Due to their existence, the bio-photonic radiation is different from ordinary electromagnetic radiation and has a very clear self-induced transparency. On the other hand, there are also various bio-solitons in DNA and proteins, which are manifested as various structural solitons such as kinks, or transmission solitons that use kinks as envelope waves and carry exponential and other wave functions. It is in DNA that there are two types of solitons with different properties, namely, wave envelope solitons have the function of transmitting biological binding energy and biological information, and Kink solitons only have the function of expanding or contracting double helix structures or opening and closing double helices. Their mutual cooperation enables the function of DNA to be completed. This paper proposes that the bio-photonic solitons in the bio-photonic radiation resonate with various solitons in the receptor DNA or protein as a whole (or locally), thereby transmitting biological information or genetic information, which is one of the important mechanisms for the bio-photonic radiation to transmit donors or change the genetic traits of receptors. It can be simply referred to as the soliton resonance mechanism. Furthermore, through the research and development of various instruments for collecting or amplifying plant photonic radiation signals, human cells can safely receive plant signals. This can be a process of resonance between plant photonic solitons and various biological solitons in human cells, which can play a role in regulating diseases. These experimental results and applications also provide an excellent interpretation of the soliton resonance mechanism.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32460363)Yunnan Province Agricultural Joint Key Foundation(No.202401BD070001-029)+3 种基金as well as the Yunnan Provincial Youth top talent project(No.YNWR-QNBJ-2020-166)Foreign Expert Workstation(No.202305 AF150006)111 project(No.D21027)Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation(No.202301AS070043)。
文摘In this study,epoxidized soybean oil(ESO)and ricinoleic acid(RA)were used to synthesize polyol esters,designated ESO-RA(ER)resin.The esters were further crosslinked with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate(PMDI)to create a biodegradable flame-retardant thermoset foam,referred to as ESO-RA-PMDI(ERP)foam,using water as a foaming agent.Additionally,flame retardants such as triethyl phosphate(TEP)and expanded graphite(EG)have been combined for foam preparation without the need for catalysts or foaming agents.The study findings showed that the incorporation of TEP and EG diminished the pulverization ratio while augmenting the compressive strength and shore hardness.Furthermore,the ERP foam exhibited exceptional flame retardant characteristics,as evidenced by a reported limiting oxygen index(LOI)value of 30.6vol%.A peak heat release rate of 97.12 kW/m^(2)was reported during the fire test.Significantly,a low peak smoke production rate(pSPR)of 0.026m^(2)/s and a total smoke production(TSP)of 0.62 m^(2)were achieved.In addition,ERP foam exhibited exceptional ultraviolet(UV)resistance,thermal insulation,and biodegradability.After 60 days of exposure to Penicillium sp.,foam containing both TEP and EG exhibited a mass loss of 9.39%,indicating that the incorporation of flame retardants did not negatively impact its biodegradability.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-RS-2023-00275307)。
文摘Background Optimal gut health is important to maximize growth performance and feed efficiency in broiler chickens.A total of 1,365 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 treatments groups with 21 replicates,13 birds per replicate.The present research investigated effects of microbial muramidase or a precision glycan alone or in combination on growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility,total blood carotenoid content,intestinal villus length,meat quality and gut microbiota in broiler chickens.Treatments included:NC:negative control(basal diet group);PC:positive control(basal diet+0.02%probiotics);MR:basal diet+0.035%microbial muramidase;PG:basal diet+0.1%precision glycan;and MRPG:basal diet+0.025%MR+0.1%PG,respectively.Results MRPG group increased the body weight gain and feed intake(P<0.05)compared with NC group.Moreover,it significantly increased total serum carotenoid(P<0.05)and MRPG altered the microbial diversity in ileum contents.The MRPG treatment group increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes,and family Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae,Oscillospiraceae,Lactobacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae and decreased the abundance of the phylum Campilobacterota,Bacteroidota and family Bacteroidaceae.Compared with the NC group,the chickens fed MRPG showed significantly increased in duodenum villus length at end the trial.Conclusion In this study,overall results showed that the synergetic effects of MR and PG showed enhancing growth performance,total serum carotenoid level and altering gut microbiota composition of broilers.The current research indicates that co-supplementation of MR and PG in broiler diets enhances intestinal health,consequently leading to an increased broiler production.
文摘Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is the Sahelian crop par excellence due to its adaptation to the particular production conditions in this region. Unfortunately, in recent years this crop has been threatened by very strong parasitic pressure and drought during the production period. The objective of this study is to analyze the main constraints of millet production and the solutions known to producers. A survey was carried out in November 2022 with a sample of 298 producers in five municipalities in the Tahoua region. The main constraints are drought and pressure from crop pests (locust, millet ear miner, floricultural insects) according to 57.9% of respondents. The millet ear miner is the most formidable pest according to 55% of respondents. Thus, the average yield obtained in a year of good production without the leafminer is 194 kg/ha and that obtained in a year of millet ear leafminer is around 27 kg to 43 kg/ha depending on the municipality. The yield obtained this last campaign after the attack of this leafminer varies from 64 to 77 kg/ha depending on the municipalities compared to a potential yield of over 1000 kg/ha. More than half of producers (58.1%) are unaware of the existence of biological control compared to only 12.5% who are aware of this alternative method. Work to popularize this technology is necessary in the five municipalities and the entire region in general.
基金Projects(42106051,U2106206)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘A new type of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology(a combination of seawater corrosion and biological fouling resistance)is being actively researched to alleviate the serious corrosion of marine metal materials.At present,there is almost no research on anti-corrosion and anti-fouling dual functional materials.In this paper,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)is attached to the surface of TiO,nanotubes through a one-step hydrothermal method for modification.The results indicate that when the hydrothermal reaction time is 24 h,Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)/TiO_(2)nanocomposite material exhibits excellent performance in coupling with the protected 304 SS,with its open circuit potential shifts negatively to-1.04 V.This material improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and effectively improves the photochemical cathodic protection of 304 stainless steel.The high removal rate of Staphylococcus aureus(up to 93%)of the as-prepared samples also proved that it has the effect of the anti-biological fouling.
文摘In tropical environments, most soybean growth studies have utilized rice husk biochar (RHB) in soil, even though it is low in nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous. This may not give short-term agronomic performance relative to enriched biochar. Moreover, the impact of inoculating soybean seeds with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum on nodulation and grain yield has produced inconclusive findings in the literature. This research therefore aims to assess the effect of poultry manure (PM), poultry manure biochar (PMB) and RHB alone and in combinations on grain yield, dry shoot and root biomass of soybeans in the semi-deciduous agro-ecological zone. In addition, the effect of B. japonicum inoculated and non-inoculated soybean seeds on nodulation and grain yield was also investigated. The treatments followed a split plot design studying inoculation and non-inoculation, soil amendments (eight), and control subplot factors, respectively. The results show that the amendment of a ferric acrisol with 4 Mg∙ha−1 PM, 10 Mg∙ha−1 RHB + 2 Mg∙ha−1 PM, and 5 Mg∙ha−1 RHB + 4 Mg∙ha−1 PMB with B. japonicum inoculated seed produced significantly greater grain yield (p = 0.05). PM treatment had a significant (p B. japonicum-inoculated soybean seeds significantly (p = 0.014) increased soybean nodulation. This study suggests that RHB combined with PM or PMB provides a beneficial source of N, P, and K, resulting in improved soybean yield and nodulation in a tropical ferric acrisol.
文摘Drought stress(DS)and overuse of chemical fertilizers cause considerable losses in the agro-physiological as well as biochemical performance of plants.In this context,considerable effort will be required to replace chemical fertilizers(NPK)with biostimulants as an important approach to enhance the productivity and sustainability of agriculture.Here,we evaluated the effect of separating and/or combining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)with compost(C)in comparison to the use of NPK on the growth,physiological and biochemical of tomatoes under DS.The findings showed that DS significantly reduced the growth and physiological attributes of tomatoes.Furthermore,the treatment of AMF and C showed better results in agro-physiological and fruit quality compared to the NPK and control under DS.The combination of AMF and C(C+AMF)increased leaf water potential by 18.8%,stomatal conductance by 14.1%,fresh fruit weight by 25.0%,shoot dry matter by 104%and root dry matter by 56.1%compared to the control under DS.The study revealed that C+AMF caused a significant increase in sugar,protein and activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in leaves and fruits,and an opposite trend was observed in the case of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide compared to NPK and control under DS.In conclusion,it is recommended to utilize the combination of AMF with compost to enhance the growth,yield,osmotic adjustment,and antioxidant capacity of tomato plants.This approach can boost their resilience to water stress and improve overall fruit quality.
基金Funding:S.K.thanks the Department of Biotechnology(DBT),Government of India,for research grant(award BT/PR18868/BCE/8/1370/2016 dated 2018 January 31)M.N.is grateful to CSIR for the SRA fellowship(no.B-12857,dated 2021 October 21).
文摘Mercury(Hg^(2+))has been recognized as a global pollutant with a toxic,mobile,and persistent nature.It adversely affects the ecosystem and human health.Already developed biosensors for Hg^(2+)detection majorly suffer from poor sensitivity and specificity.Herein,a colorimetric/fluorimetric dual-mode sensing approach is designed for the quantitative detection of Hg^(2+).This novel sensing approach utilizes nanofluorophores,i.e.,fluorescent copper nanoclusters-doped zirconia metal-organic framework(CuNCs@Zr-MOF)nanoconjugate(blue color)and N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX(NMM)(red color)in combination with peroxidase-mimicking G-quadruplex DNAzyme(PMDNAzyme).In the presence of Hg^(2+),dabcyl conjugated complementary DNA with T-T mismatches form the stable duplex with the CuNCs@Zr-MOF@G-quadruplex structure through T-Hg^(2+)-T base pairing.It causes the quenching of fluorescence of CuNCs@Zr-MOF(463 nm)due to the Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)system.Moreover,the G-quadruplex(G4)structure of the aptamer enhances the fluorescence emission of NMM(610 nm).Besides this,the peroxidase-like activity of G4/hemin DNAzyme offers the colorimetric detection of Hg^(2+).The formation of duplex with PMDNAzyme increases the catalytic activity.This novel biosensing probe quantitatively detected Hg^(2+)using both fluorimetry and colorimetry approaches with a low detection limit of 0.59 and 36.3 nM,respectively.It was also observed that the presence of interfering metal ions in case of real aqueous samples does not affect the performance of this novel biosensing probe.These findings confirm the considerable potential of the proposed biosensing probe to screen the concentration of Hg^(2+)in aquatic products.
基金supported by funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(232300421010)the Key Research and Development Project of Henan Province,China(231111110400)+4 种基金the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(320LH045)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory,China(B21HJ0215)the Fundamental Research Funds of State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,China(2021CBE03)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Y2023XK16)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIPIVFCAAS to F.G.L)。
文摘EPSPS is a key gene in the shikimic acid synthesis pathway that has been widely used in breeding crops with herbicide resistance.However,its role in regulating cell elongation is poorly understood.Through the overexpression of EPSPS genes,we generated lines resistant to glyphosate that exhibit an unexpected dwarf phenotype.A representative line,DHR1,exhibits a stable dwarf phenotype throughout its entire growth period.Except for plant height,the other agronomic traits of DHR1 are similar to its transgenic explants ZM24.Paraffin section observations showed that DHR1 internodes are shortened due to reduced elongation and division of the internode cells.Exogenous hormones confirmed that DHR1 is not a classical brassinolide(BR)-or gibberellin(GA)-related dwarfing mutant.Hybridization analysis and fine mapping confirmed that the EPSPS gene is the causal gene for dwarfism,and the phenotype can be inherited in different genotypes.Transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that genes associated with the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway are enriched in DHR1 compared with ZM24.Flavonoid metabolites are enriched in DHR1,whereas lignin metabolites are reduced.The enhancement of flavonoids likely results in differential expression of auxin signal pathway genes and alters the auxin response,subsequently affecting cell elongation.This study provides a new strategy for generating dwarfs and will accelerate advancements in light simplification in the cultivation and mechanized harvesting of cotton.
基金funded by the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(No.820LH027)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.823RC472)+1 种基金the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2021WNLOKF008)the Hainan University Scientific Research Foundation(KYQD(ZR)19107).
文摘Monomethyl auristatin E(MMAE)is a derivative of the marine peptide Dolastatin 10,which has therapeutic effects against various cancers according to its antimitotic activity in multiple clinical trials.The antibody drug conjugate(ADC)of MMAE is currently used in clinical practice.However,the safety issues of MMAE-based ADC,such as high drug toxicity and poor bioavailability,still exist when using it for anticancer therapy.A sustained release of drug delivery approach should be used to reduce toxicity and achieve sufficient anticancer effects.Herein,PLGA-b-PEG 2000 with excellent biocompatibility and slow degradation ability was adopted to construct MMAE-loaded nanoparticles for safe and effective chemotherapy.The sustained release effect and the immunogenic cell death(ICD)effect of PLGA-MMAE nanoparticles were assessed by in vitro experiments.The PLGA-MMAE nanoparticles effectively accumulated in the tumor through the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect,inducing cell apoptosis and causing a certain degree of immune response.The sustained drug release of PLGA-MMAE improved the bioavailability and effectively reduced the toxicity and development of the tumor compared to the effect of free MMAE or ADC.Overall,this study provides a safe and effective chemotherapeutic approach,as well as a simple and effective synthetic process for MMAE-based nanoparticles,improving their therapeutic efficacy and safety.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3205400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52275570)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(BX20230288)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2018BSHEDZZ08).
文摘Gravimetric resonant-inspired biosensors have attracted increasing attention in industrial and point-ofcare applications,enabling label-free detection of biomarkers such as DNA and antibodies.Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers(CMUTs)are promising tools for developing miniaturized highperformance biosensing complementary metal–oxide–silicon(CMOS)platforms.However,their operability is limited by inefficient functionalization,aggregation,crosstalk in the buffer,and the requirement for an external high-voltage(HV)power supply.In this study,we aimed to propose a CMUTs-based resonant biosensor integrated with a CMOS front–end interface coupled with ethylene–glycol alkanethiols to detect single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides with large specificity.The topography of the functionalized surface was characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.Improved selectivity for onchip hybridization was demonstrated by comparing complementary and non-complementary singlestranded DNA oligonucleotides using fluorescence imaging technology.The sensor array was further characterized using a five-element lumped equivalent model.The 4 mm^(2) application-specific integrated circuit chip was designed and developed through 0.18 lm HV bipolar-CMOS-double diffused metal–oxide–silicon(DMOS)technology(BCD)to generate on-chip 20 V HV boosting and to track feedback frequency under a standard 1.8 V supply,with a total power consumption of 3.8 mW in a continuous mode.The measured results indicated a detection sensitivity of 7.943×10^(-3) lmol·L^(-1)·Hz^(-1) over a concentration range of 1 to 100 lmol·L^(-1).In conclusion,the label-free biosensing of DNA under dry conditions was successfully demonstrated using a microfabricated CMUT array with a 2 MHz frequency on CMOS electronics with an internal HV supplier.Moreover,ethylene–glycol alkanethiols successfully deposited self-assembled monolayers on aluminum electrodes,which has never been attempted thus far on CMUTs,to enhance the selectivity of bio-functionalization.The findings of this study indicate the possibility of full-on-chip DNA biosensing with CMUTs.
文摘Over the last few years, the importance of the resident intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases has been largely investigated. Growing evidence suggest that microbiota can influence gastrointestinal motility. The current working hypothesis is that dysbiosis-driven mucosal alterations induce the production of several inflammatory/immune mediators which affect gut neuro-muscular functions. Besides these indirect mucosal-mediated effects, the present review highlights that recent evidence suggests that microbiota can directly affect enteric nerves and smooth muscle cells functions through its metabolic products or bacterial molecular components translocated from the intestinal lumen. Tolllike receptors, the bacterial recognition receptors, are expressed both on enteric nerves and smooth muscle and are emerging as potential mediators between microbiota and the enteric neuromuscular apparatus. Furthermore, the ongoing studies on probiotics support the hypothesis that the neuromuscular apparatus may represent a target of intervention, thus opening new physiopathological and therapeutic scenarios.
文摘Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most alarming pathogens affecting both humans and the global bovine industry. The current control measures in hospitals and on farms for MRSA have proven to be inadequate leaving a need for new rapid control methods to curb MRSA infections in situ. New control measures for bacterial infection are widely sought, with particular interest in the applications for bacteriophages (phages) as a biocontrol or therapeutic agent. The current study uses a wild highly lytic phage isolated from cow’s milk taken from three farms in Baghdad, Iraq. The resulting phage was able to rescue 100% of the mice from a median lethal dose (LD50) or (1 × 108 CFU mL-1 per mouse) for MRSA wild isolates achieved when the phage: bacteria ratio was 100:1. Even when treatment was delayed for 6 h post lethal infection, to the point where all mice were moribund, 80% of them were rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. Based on the current results, a comprehensive study is needed to guide further research on the MRSA phage as a biocontrol for MRSA mastitis in dairy cows to replace or reduce the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry.
文摘The high-water content of tomato predisposes it to spoilage by microorganisms and led producers to carry out traditional processing of tomatoes in the form of pasteurized tomato puree. However, rapid acidification of these traditional tomato purees is often observed. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil extracted from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the improvement of traditional tomato puree producing technology. Essential oil of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was extracted by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined by GC and GC/MS. Different types of traditional tomato puree were produced by the modification of the traditional processing technology and the addition of the essential oil introduction step, followed by manual stirring during the process. Based on previous studies, two different essential oil concentrations (5.0 and 7.5 μL∙g−1) were investigated. Physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional analyzes were performed in order to evaluate the quality of the traditional tomato puree produced. Results obtained revealed that the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum investigated has a chemical composition characterized by the presence of eugenol (59.11%) and eugenol acetate (33.73%). Good stabilization of the physicochemical, microbiological and nutritional parameters in traditional tomato puree samples preserved with essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum were observed when compared to control. The essential oil of Clove, with his biological property, offers a novel approach to the management of traditional tomato puree during storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21827811)Research and development plan of key areas in Hunan Province(Grant No.2019SK2201)Innovation science and technology plan of Hunan Province(Grant No.2017XK2103).
文摘Investigation of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)for biomedical applications has attracted much attention in recent years.MOFs are regarded as a promising class of nanocarriers for drug delivery owing to well-defined structure,ultrahigh surface area and porosity,tunable pore size,and easy chemical functionalization.In this review,the unique properties of MOFs and their advantages as nanocarriers for drug delivery in biomedical applications were discussed in the first section.Then,state-ofthe-art strategies to functionalize MOFs with therapeutic agents were summarized,including surface adsorption,pore encapsulation,covalent binding,and functional molecules as building blocks.In the third section,the most recent biological applications of MOFs for intracellular delivery of drugs,proteins,and nucleic acids,especially aptamers,were presented.Finally,challenges and prospects were comprehensively discussed to provide context for future development of MOFs as efficient drug delivery systems.
文摘It is of great knowledge nowadays that the use of fossil fuels is responsible for the emission of gases that intensify the greenhouse effect, which threatens the survival of the humankind. The gravity of this fact could be mitigated through the indirect use of solar energy for fuels derived from vegetable that can be planted and cultivated by the world of renewable and non-polisher. Microalgae play an important role in this regard, as they have promising characteristics as potential raw material for the production of biofuels, able to absorb large amounts of CO2. Chlorophyll organisms convert these simple substances in the atmosphere, absorbing sunlight into chemical energy stored, that is, compounds with high energy, biomass can also be used to obtain biocompounds human nutritional supplement and food animal, however, have been found an important number of difficulties to economically viable production like high cost of production of dry biomass and oil extraction. Here, we review the main approaches of biorefinery concept appearing as an alternative to achieve economic viability of the production of bio-diesel based on microalgae. The major points are the following: 1) use of re-residual water, 2) marketing of Carbon Credits, and 3) development of co-products resulting from high value added.
