The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It ha...The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It has been suggested that the size of the brain(brain reserve) and the extent of neural connections acquired through life(neural reserve) set a threshold beyond which noticeable impairments occur.In contrast,cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reo rganize stru cturally and functionally to resist damage and maintain function,including neural reserve and brain maintenance,resilience,and compensation(Verkhratsky and Zorec,2024).展开更多
High density polyethylene(HDPE)pyrolysis and in-line oxidative steam reforming was carried out in a two-step reaction system consisting of a conical spouted bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor.Continuous plastic p...High density polyethylene(HDPE)pyrolysis and in-line oxidative steam reforming was carried out in a two-step reaction system consisting of a conical spouted bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor.Continuous plastic pyrolysis was conducted at 550℃ and the volatiles formed were fed in-line to the oxidative steam reforming step(space-time 3.12 gcat min gHDPE−1;ER=0.2 and steam/plastic=3)operating at 700℃.The influence Ni based reforming catalyst support(Al_(2)O_(3),ZrO_(2),SiO_(2))and promoter(CeO_(2),La_(2)O_(3))have on HDPE pyrolysis volatiles conversion and H_(2) production was assessed.The catalysts were prepared by the wet impregnation and they were characterized by means of N_(2) adsorption-desorption,X-ray fluorescence,temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray powder diffraction.A preliminary study on coke deposition and the deterioration of catalysts properties was carried out,by analyzing the tested catalysts through temperature programmed oxidation of coke,transmission electron microscopy,and N_(2) adsorption-desorption.Among the supports tested,ZrO_(2) showed the best performance,attaining conversion and H_(2) production values of 92.2% and 12.8 wt%,respectively.Concerning promoted catalysts,they led to similar conversion values(around 90%),but significant differences were observed in H_(2) production.Thus,higher H_(2) productions were obtained on the Ni/La_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst(12.1 wt%)than on CeO_(2) promoted catalysts due to La_(2)O_(3) capability for enhancing water adsorption on the catalyst surface.展开更多
Comprehensive studies identify motor neuron spectrum disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)as globally rising fatal disorders with the highest prevalence in aging populations,influenced by ethnicity an...Comprehensive studies identify motor neuron spectrum disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)as globally rising fatal disorders with the highest prevalence in aging populations,influenced by ethnicity and ancestry(GBD 2016 Motor Neuron Disease Colla borators,2018).While~10% of diagnoses involve a family history(fALS),most cases are considered sporadic(sALS).However,population-based studies suggest that even cases without a common index mutation impart heritability(Ryan et al.,2019),indicating a crucial role of rare and as yet unknown genetic denominators.展开更多
Monte Carlo(MC) simulations have been performed to refine the estimation of the correction-toscaling exponent ω in the 2D φ^(4)model,which belongs to one of the most fundamental universality classes.If corrections h...Monte Carlo(MC) simulations have been performed to refine the estimation of the correction-toscaling exponent ω in the 2D φ^(4)model,which belongs to one of the most fundamental universality classes.If corrections have the form ∝ L^(-ω),then we find ω=1.546(30) andω=1.509(14) as the best estimates.These are obtained from the finite-size scaling of the susceptibility data in the range of linear lattice sizes L ∈[128,2048] at the critical value of the Binder cumulant and from the scaling of the corresponding pseudocritical couplings within L∈[64,2048].These values agree with several other MC estimates at the assumption of the power-law corrections and are comparable with the known results of the ε-expansion.In addition,we have tested the consistency with the scaling corrections of the form ∝ L^(-4/3),∝L^(-4/3)In L and ∝L^(-4/3)/ln L,which might be expected from some considerations of the renormalization group and Coulomb gas model.The latter option is consistent with our MC data.Our MC results served as a basis for a critical reconsideration of some earlier theoretical conjectures and scaling assumptions.In particular,we have corrected and refined our previous analysis by grouping Feynman diagrams.The renewed analysis gives ω≈4-d-2η as some approximation for spatial dimensions d <4,or ω≈1.5 in two dimensions.展开更多
Detecting sitting posture abnormalities in wheelchair users enables early identification of changes in their functional status.To date,this detection has relied on in-person observation by medical specialists.However,...Detecting sitting posture abnormalities in wheelchair users enables early identification of changes in their functional status.To date,this detection has relied on in-person observation by medical specialists.However,given the challenges faced by health specialists to carry out continuous monitoring,the development of an intelligent anomaly detection system is proposed.Unlike other authors,where they use supervised techniques,this work proposes using unsupervised techniques due to the advantages they offer.These advantages include the lack of prior labeling of data,and the detection of anomalies previously not contemplated,among others.In the present work,an individualized methodology consisting of two phases is developed:characterizing the normal sitting pattern and determining abnormal samples.An analysis has been carried out between different unsupervised techniques to study which ones are more suitable for postural diagnosis.It can be concluded,among other aspects,that the utilization of dimensionality reduction techniques leads to improved results.Moreover,the normality characterization phase is deemed necessary for enhancing the system’s learning capabilities.Additionally,employing an individualized approach to the model aids in capturing the particularities of the various pathologies present among subjects.展开更多
Over recent decades,carbon-based chemical sensor technologies have advanced significantly.Nevertheless,significant opportunities persist for enhancing analyte recognition capabilities,particularly in complex environme...Over recent decades,carbon-based chemical sensor technologies have advanced significantly.Nevertheless,significant opportunities persist for enhancing analyte recognition capabilities,particularly in complex environments.Conventional monovariable sensors exhibit inherent limitations,such as susceptibility to interference from coexisting analytes,which results in response overlap.Although sensor arrays,through modification of multiple sensing materials,offer a potential solution for analyte recognition,their practical applications are constrained by intricate material modification processes.In this context,multivariable chemical sensors have emerged as a promising alternative,enabling the generation of multiple outputs to construct a comprehensive sensing space for analyte recognition,while utilizing a single sensing material.Among various carbon-based materials,carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene have emerged as ideal candidates for constructing high-performance chemical sensors,owing to their well-established batch fabrication processes,superior electrical properties,and outstanding sensing capabilities.This review examines the progress of carbon-based multivariable chemical sensors,focusing on CNTs/graphene as sensing materials and field-effect transistors as transducers for analyte recognition.The discussion encompasses fundamental aspects of these sensors,including sensing materials,sensor architectures,performance metrics,pattern recognition algorithms,and multivariable sensing mechanism.Furthermore,the review highlights innovative multivariable extraction schemes and their practical applications when integrated with advanced pattern recognition algorithms.展开更多
The development of an analytical method for determining the properties of quantum dots(QDs)is crucial for improving the optical performance of QD-based displays.Therefore,synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectros...The development of an analytical method for determining the properties of quantum dots(QDs)is crucial for improving the optical performance of QD-based displays.Therefore,synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)is designed here to accurately characterize the chemical and structural differences between different QDs.This method enables the determination of the reason for the minimal differences between the optical properties of different QDs depending on the synthesis process,which is difficult to determine using conventional methods alone.Combined with model simulations,the XPS spectra obtained at different photon energies reveal the internal structures and chemical-state distributions of the QDs.In particular,the QD synthesized under optimal conditions demonstrates a relatively lower degree of oxidation of the core and more uniformly stacked ZnSe/ZnS shell layers.The internal structures and chemical-state distributions of QDs are closely related to their optical properties.Finally,the synchrotron-based XPS proposed here can be applied to compare nearly equivalent QDs with slightly different optical properties.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the prevalence and one-year prognosis associated with frailty in a contemporary cohort of older patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTEACS).Methods The IMPACT-TIMING-GO regist...Objective To evaluate the prevalence and one-year prognosis associated with frailty in a contemporary cohort of older patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTEACS).Methods The IMPACT-TIMING-GO registry(IMPACT of Time of Intervention in patients with Myocardial Infarction with Non-ST seGment elevation.ManaGement and Outcomes)prospectively included 1020 patients with NSTEACS undergoing invasive coronary angiography between April and May 2021.For this sub-study,patients≥65 years were selected.Frailty was assessed according to FRAIL scale.We studied all-cause mortality and the composite of all-cause mortality or all-cause hospitalizations at one-year follow-up after discharge.Results Five hundred and sixty seven patients(mean age:75.8±6.7 years,28.2%women)were included:316(55.7%)were robust,183(32.3%)prefrail,and 68(12.0%)frail.Frail patients were significantly older,more often women,and presented a worse baseline clinical profile.There were no differences among groups regarding pretreatment with a P2Y12 inhibitor.An urgent angiography(<24 h)was less frequently performed in frail patients,with no differences regarding revascularization approach or in main in-hospital adverse events,although acute kidney disease occurred more frequently in frail patients.At 1-year follow-up,20 patients died(3.6%).Chronic kidney disease was independently associated with 1-year all-cause death,although a trend towards higher mortality was observed in frail patients(HR=3.01;95%CI:0.93-9.78;P=0.065).Frailty was independently associated with higher 1-year all-cause mortality or all-cause rehospitalizations(HR=2.23;95%CI:1.43-3.46;P<0.001)Conclusions In older patients with NSTEACS,frailty independently associates higher all-cause mortality or all-cause hospital admissions at one-year follow-up.展开更多
A systematic study of the magnetic and structural properties dependence on the particle size was realized.For this,commercial NdFeB powder was separated into five different mean particle sizes using sieves.Besides,fro...A systematic study of the magnetic and structural properties dependence on the particle size was realized.For this,commercial NdFeB powder was separated into five different mean particle sizes using sieves.Besides,from the original powder,eleven samples were also produced by mechanical milling assisted by surfactant,using various milling times.A total of sixteen samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM),and Mdssbauer spectrometry(MS).The particle sizes of the samples vary from the micrometer to the nanometer scale.The crystallite size decreases with decreasing particle size.XRD result indicates that the Nd2Fe14B phase is found in all the samples,and the presence of this phase is also corroborated by MS using six sextets for fitting their spectra,with an additional singlet corresponding to the Nd1.1Fe4B4 phase.The mean hyperfine magnetic field increases with increasing particle size because the magnetic dipolar interaction between the magnetic moment of the particles increases with particle size.From the VSM measurements the magnetic energy density(BH)max values were calculated for different particle sizes,and their maximum value of 34.45 MGOe is obtained for the sample with the particle size of 60μm.展开更多
With recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,the use of deep learning models achieved remarkable advances in computer vision,ecommerce,cybersecurity,and healthcare.Particularly,numerous applications provided e...With recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,the use of deep learning models achieved remarkable advances in computer vision,ecommerce,cybersecurity,and healthcare.Particularly,numerous applications provided efficient solutions to assist radiologists for medical imaging analysis.For instance,automatic lesion detection and classification in mammograms is still considered a crucial task that requires more accurate diagnosis and precise analysis of abnormal lesions.In this paper,we propose an end-to-end system,which is based on You-Only-Look-Once(YOLO)model,to simultaneously localize and classify suspicious breast lesions from entire mammograms.The proposed system first preprocesses the raw images,then recognizes abnormal regions as breast lesions and determines their pathology classification as either mass or calcification.We evaluated the model on two publicly available datasets,with 2907 mammograms from the Curated Breast Imaging Subset of Digital Database for Screening Mammography(CBIS-DDSM)and 235 mammograms from INbreast database.We also used a privately collected dataset with 487 mammograms.Furthermore,we suggested a fusion models approach to report more precise detection and accurate classification.Our best results reached a detection accuracy rate of 95.7%,98.1%and 98%for mass lesions and 74.4%,71.8%and 73.2%for calcification lesions,respectively on CBIS-DDSM,INbreast and the private dataset.展开更多
Apoptosis is a widespread phenomenon that occurs in the brain in both physiological and pathological conditions. Dead ceils must be quickly removed to avoid the further toxic effects they exert in the pa- renchyma, a ...Apoptosis is a widespread phenomenon that occurs in the brain in both physiological and pathological conditions. Dead ceils must be quickly removed to avoid the further toxic effects they exert in the pa- renchyma, a process executed by microglia, the brain professional phagocytes. Although phagocytosis is critical to maintain tissue homeostasis, it has long been either overlooked or indirectly assessed based on microglial morphology, expression of classical activation markers, or engulfment of artificial phagocytic targets in vitro. Nevertheless, these indirect methods present several limitations and, thus, direct obser- vation and quantification of microglial phagocytosis is still necessary to fully grasp its relevance in the diseased brain. To overcome these caveats and obtain a comprehensive, quantitative picture of microglial phagocytosis we have developed a novel set of parameters. These parameters have allowed us to identify the different strategies utilized by microglia to cope with apoptotic challenges induced by excitotoxicity or inflammation. In contrast, we discovered that in mouse and human epilepsy microglia failed to find and engulf apoptotic ceils, resulting in accumulation of debris and inflammation. Herein, we advocate that the efficiency of microglial phagocytosis should be routinely tested in neurodegenerative and neuro- logical disorders, in order to determine the extent to which it contributes to apoptosis and inflammation found in these conditions. Finally, our findings point towards enhancing microglial phagocytosis as a novel therapeutic strategy to control tissue damage and inflammation, and accelerate recovery in brain diseases.展开更多
The general objective of this work is to analyze energy input in a vacuum process with the incorporation of microwave heating. Thus, necessary criteria for designing an efficient freeze-drying operation are considered...The general objective of this work is to analyze energy input in a vacuum process with the incorporation of microwave heating. Thus, necessary criteria for designing an efficient freeze-drying operation are considered through the analysis of strategies based on the combination of different intensities of radiant and microwave heating.The other aim of this research topic is to study the kinetics of drying in relation to mass transfer parameters.Five freeze-drying strategies using both heating systems were used. Consequently, energy input could be related to diffusivity coefficients, temperature and pressure profiles during dehydration of the product and analyzed in comparison to a conventional freeze-drying process.展开更多
Breast cancer(BCa)and prostate cancer(PCa)are the two most common types of cancer.Various factors play a role in these cancers,and discovering the most important ones might help patients live longer,better lives.This ...Breast cancer(BCa)and prostate cancer(PCa)are the two most common types of cancer.Various factors play a role in these cancers,and discovering the most important ones might help patients live longer,better lives.This study aims to determine the variables that most affect patient survivability,and how the use of different machine learning algorithms can assist in such predictions.The AURIA database was used,which contains electronic healthcare records(EHRs)of 20,006 individual patients diagnosed with either breast or prostate cancer in a particular region in Finland.In total,there were 178 features for BCa and 143 for PCa.Six feature selection algorithms were used to obtain the 21 most important variables for BCa,and 19 for PCa.These features were then used to predict patient survivability by employing nine different machine learning algorithms.Seventy-five percent of the dataset was used to train the models and 25%for testing.Cross-validation was carried out using the StratifiedKfold technique to test the effectiveness of the machine learning models.The support vector machine classifier yielded the best ROC with an area under the curve(AUC)=0.83,followed by the KNeighborsClassifier with AUC=0.82 for the BCa dataset.The two algorithms that yielded the best results for PCa are the random forest classifier and KNeighborsClassifier,both with AUC=0.82.This study shows that not all variables are decisive when predicting breast or prostate cancer patient survivability.By narrowing down the input variables,healthcare professionals were able to focus on the issues that most impact patients,and hence devise better,more individualized care plans.展开更多
In this article, we establish the global asymptotic stability of a disease-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium of an SIRS epidemic model with a class of nonlin- ear incidence rates and distributed delays. By u...In this article, we establish the global asymptotic stability of a disease-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium of an SIRS epidemic model with a class of nonlin- ear incidence rates and distributed delays. By using strict monotonicity of the incidence function and constructing a Lyapunov functional, we obtain sufficient conditions under which the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. When the nonlinear inci- dence rate is a saturated incidence rate, our result provides a new global stability condition for a small rate of immunity loss.展开更多
The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is eno...The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is enormous.The photoactive layer,i.e.,the perovskite thin film,as a critical component of flexible perovskite solar cells(F-PSCs),still faces long-term stability issues when deformation occurs due to encountering temperature changes that also affect intrinsic rigidity.This literature investigation summarizes the main factors responsible for the rapid destruction of F-PSCs.We focus on long-term mechanical stability of F-PSCs together with the recent research protocols for improving this performance.Furthermore,we specify the progress in F-PSCs concerning precise design strategies of the functional layer to enhance the flexural endurance of perovskite films,such as internal stress engineering,grain boundary modification,self-healing strategy,and crystallization regulation.The existing challenges of oxygen-moisture stability and advanced encapsulation technologies of F-PSCs are also discussed.As concluding remarks,we propose our viewpoints on the large-scale commercial application of F-PSCs.展开更多
The application of commercial carbon fiber cloth(CFC) in energy storage equipment is limited by its low specific capacitance and energy density. By a simple one-step activation treatment, the specific surface area of ...The application of commercial carbon fiber cloth(CFC) in energy storage equipment is limited by its low specific capacitance and energy density. By a simple one-step activation treatment, the specific surface area of CFCs with porous structure can be increased considerably from 3.9 up to 875 m^2/g and the electrochemical properties of CFCs can be improved by three orders of magnitude(1324 mF/cm^2). Moreover,the hydrophobicity of CFCs can be transformed into superhydrophilicity. However, the electrochemical performance of CFCs does not show a positive correlation with specific surface area but have a strong relationship with the hierarchical pore distribution forged by the annealing treatment. Only moderate micropore and mesoporous ratio enables optimizing the electrochemical performance of CFCs.展开更多
Fixtures are a critical element in machining operations as they are the interface between the part and the machine.These components are responsible for the precise part location on the machine table and for the proper...Fixtures are a critical element in machining operations as they are the interface between the part and the machine.These components are responsible for the precise part location on the machine table and for the proper dynamic stability maintenance during the manufacturing operations.Although these two features are deeply related,they are usually studied separately.On the one hand,diverse adaptable solutions have been developed for the clamping of different variable geometries.Parallelly,the stability of the part has been long studied to reduce the forced vibration and the chatter effects,especially on thin parts machining operations typically performed in the aeronautic field,such as the skin panels milling.The present work proposes a commitment between both features by the presentation of an innovative vacuum fixture based on the use of a vulcanized rubber layer.This solution presents high flexibility as it can be adapted to different geometries while providing a proper damping capacity due to the viscoelastic and elastoplastic behaviour of these compounds.Moreover,the sealing properties of these elastomers provide the perfect combination to transform a rubber layer into a flexible vacuum table.Therefore,in order to validate the suitability of this fixture,a test bench is manufactured and tested under uniaxial compression loads and under real finish milling conditions over AA2024 part samples.Finally,a roughness model is proposed and analysed in order to characterize the part vibration sources.展开更多
文摘The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It has been suggested that the size of the brain(brain reserve) and the extent of neural connections acquired through life(neural reserve) set a threshold beyond which noticeable impairments occur.In contrast,cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reo rganize stru cturally and functionally to resist damage and maintain function,including neural reserve and brain maintenance,resilience,and compensation(Verkhratsky and Zorec,2024).
文摘High density polyethylene(HDPE)pyrolysis and in-line oxidative steam reforming was carried out in a two-step reaction system consisting of a conical spouted bed reactor and a fluidized bed reactor.Continuous plastic pyrolysis was conducted at 550℃ and the volatiles formed were fed in-line to the oxidative steam reforming step(space-time 3.12 gcat min gHDPE−1;ER=0.2 and steam/plastic=3)operating at 700℃.The influence Ni based reforming catalyst support(Al_(2)O_(3),ZrO_(2),SiO_(2))and promoter(CeO_(2),La_(2)O_(3))have on HDPE pyrolysis volatiles conversion and H_(2) production was assessed.The catalysts were prepared by the wet impregnation and they were characterized by means of N_(2) adsorption-desorption,X-ray fluorescence,temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray powder diffraction.A preliminary study on coke deposition and the deterioration of catalysts properties was carried out,by analyzing the tested catalysts through temperature programmed oxidation of coke,transmission electron microscopy,and N_(2) adsorption-desorption.Among the supports tested,ZrO_(2) showed the best performance,attaining conversion and H_(2) production values of 92.2% and 12.8 wt%,respectively.Concerning promoted catalysts,they led to similar conversion values(around 90%),but significant differences were observed in H_(2) production.Thus,higher H_(2) productions were obtained on the Ni/La_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst(12.1 wt%)than on CeO_(2) promoted catalysts due to La_(2)O_(3) capability for enhancing water adsorption on the catalyst surface.
基金The lab of AK obtained support from the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research(IZKF)Jena(MSPProject ID:MSP09)+2 种基金DG and MJA B were supported by the Circular Vision project,which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(Grant agreement No.899417)the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovoción,Spain(Grant No.PID2020-119715GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)the Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Infrastructure of Precision Medicine associated with Science and Technology(IMPaCT)of the Strategic Action in Health(iDATAMP)(to MJAB)。
文摘Comprehensive studies identify motor neuron spectrum disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)as globally rising fatal disorders with the highest prevalence in aging populations,influenced by ethnicity and ancestry(GBD 2016 Motor Neuron Disease Colla borators,2018).While~10% of diagnoses involve a family history(fALS),most cases are considered sporadic(sALS).However,population-based studies suggest that even cases without a common index mutation impart heritability(Ryan et al.,2019),indicating a crucial role of rare and as yet unknown genetic denominators.
文摘Monte Carlo(MC) simulations have been performed to refine the estimation of the correction-toscaling exponent ω in the 2D φ^(4)model,which belongs to one of the most fundamental universality classes.If corrections have the form ∝ L^(-ω),then we find ω=1.546(30) andω=1.509(14) as the best estimates.These are obtained from the finite-size scaling of the susceptibility data in the range of linear lattice sizes L ∈[128,2048] at the critical value of the Binder cumulant and from the scaling of the corresponding pseudocritical couplings within L∈[64,2048].These values agree with several other MC estimates at the assumption of the power-law corrections and are comparable with the known results of the ε-expansion.In addition,we have tested the consistency with the scaling corrections of the form ∝ L^(-4/3),∝L^(-4/3)In L and ∝L^(-4/3)/ln L,which might be expected from some considerations of the renormalization group and Coulomb gas model.The latter option is consistent with our MC data.Our MC results served as a basis for a critical reconsideration of some earlier theoretical conjectures and scaling assumptions.In particular,we have corrected and refined our previous analysis by grouping Feynman diagrams.The renewed analysis gives ω≈4-d-2η as some approximation for spatial dimensions d <4,or ω≈1.5 in two dimensions.
基金FEDER/Ministry of Science and Innovation-State Research Agency/Project PID2020-112667RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033the Basque Government,IT1726-22+2 种基金by the predoctoral contracts PRE_2022_2_0022 and EP_2023_1_0015 of the Basque Governmentpartially supported by the Italian MIUR,PRIN 2020 Project“COMMON-WEARS”,N.2020HCWWLP,CUP:H23C22000230005co-funding from Next Generation EU,in the context of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan,through the Italian MUR,PRIN 2022 Project”COCOWEARS”(A framework for COntinuum COmputing WEARable Systems),N.2022T2XNJE,CUP:H53D23003640006.
文摘Detecting sitting posture abnormalities in wheelchair users enables early identification of changes in their functional status.To date,this detection has relied on in-person observation by medical specialists.However,given the challenges faced by health specialists to carry out continuous monitoring,the development of an intelligent anomaly detection system is proposed.Unlike other authors,where they use supervised techniques,this work proposes using unsupervised techniques due to the advantages they offer.These advantages include the lack of prior labeling of data,and the detection of anomalies previously not contemplated,among others.In the present work,an individualized methodology consisting of two phases is developed:characterizing the normal sitting pattern and determining abnormal samples.An analysis has been carried out between different unsupervised techniques to study which ones are more suitable for postural diagnosis.It can be concluded,among other aspects,that the utilization of dimensionality reduction techniques leads to improved results.Moreover,the normality characterization phase is deemed necessary for enhancing the system’s learning capabilities.Additionally,employing an individualized approach to the model aids in capturing the particularities of the various pathologies present among subjects.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(92263109,52305607 and 61904188)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(22QA1410400)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1472200)the Medical Innovation Research Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(Grant No.24DX2800100)。
文摘Over recent decades,carbon-based chemical sensor technologies have advanced significantly.Nevertheless,significant opportunities persist for enhancing analyte recognition capabilities,particularly in complex environments.Conventional monovariable sensors exhibit inherent limitations,such as susceptibility to interference from coexisting analytes,which results in response overlap.Although sensor arrays,through modification of multiple sensing materials,offer a potential solution for analyte recognition,their practical applications are constrained by intricate material modification processes.In this context,multivariable chemical sensors have emerged as a promising alternative,enabling the generation of multiple outputs to construct a comprehensive sensing space for analyte recognition,while utilizing a single sensing material.Among various carbon-based materials,carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene have emerged as ideal candidates for constructing high-performance chemical sensors,owing to their well-established batch fabrication processes,superior electrical properties,and outstanding sensing capabilities.This review examines the progress of carbon-based multivariable chemical sensors,focusing on CNTs/graphene as sensing materials and field-effect transistors as transducers for analyte recognition.The discussion encompasses fundamental aspects of these sensors,including sensing materials,sensor architectures,performance metrics,pattern recognition algorithms,and multivariable sensing mechanism.Furthermore,the review highlights innovative multivariable extraction schemes and their practical applications when integrated with advanced pattern recognition algorithms.
基金Advanced Light Source,which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under contract no.DE-AC02-05CH11231the Basque Government for funding through a PhD Fellowship(Grant no.PRE_2018_2_0285)+1 种基金through Egonlabur Travel Fellowship(Grant no.EP_2018_1_0004)partially supported by an Early Career Award in the Condensed Phase and Interfacial Molecular Science Program,in the Chemical Sciences Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231.
文摘The development of an analytical method for determining the properties of quantum dots(QDs)is crucial for improving the optical performance of QD-based displays.Therefore,synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)is designed here to accurately characterize the chemical and structural differences between different QDs.This method enables the determination of the reason for the minimal differences between the optical properties of different QDs depending on the synthesis process,which is difficult to determine using conventional methods alone.Combined with model simulations,the XPS spectra obtained at different photon energies reveal the internal structures and chemical-state distributions of the QDs.In particular,the QD synthesized under optimal conditions demonstrates a relatively lower degree of oxidation of the core and more uniformly stacked ZnSe/ZnS shell layers.The internal structures and chemical-state distributions of QDs are closely related to their optical properties.Finally,the synchrotron-based XPS proposed here can be applied to compare nearly equivalent QDs with slightly different optical properties.
文摘Objective To evaluate the prevalence and one-year prognosis associated with frailty in a contemporary cohort of older patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTEACS).Methods The IMPACT-TIMING-GO registry(IMPACT of Time of Intervention in patients with Myocardial Infarction with Non-ST seGment elevation.ManaGement and Outcomes)prospectively included 1020 patients with NSTEACS undergoing invasive coronary angiography between April and May 2021.For this sub-study,patients≥65 years were selected.Frailty was assessed according to FRAIL scale.We studied all-cause mortality and the composite of all-cause mortality or all-cause hospitalizations at one-year follow-up after discharge.Results Five hundred and sixty seven patients(mean age:75.8±6.7 years,28.2%women)were included:316(55.7%)were robust,183(32.3%)prefrail,and 68(12.0%)frail.Frail patients were significantly older,more often women,and presented a worse baseline clinical profile.There were no differences among groups regarding pretreatment with a P2Y12 inhibitor.An urgent angiography(<24 h)was less frequently performed in frail patients,with no differences regarding revascularization approach or in main in-hospital adverse events,although acute kidney disease occurred more frequently in frail patients.At 1-year follow-up,20 patients died(3.6%).Chronic kidney disease was independently associated with 1-year all-cause death,although a trend towards higher mortality was observed in frail patients(HR=3.01;95%CI:0.93-9.78;P=0.065).Frailty was independently associated with higher 1-year all-cause mortality or all-cause rehospitalizations(HR=2.23;95%CI:1.43-3.46;P<0.001)Conclusions In older patients with NSTEACS,frailty independently associates higher all-cause mortality or all-cause hospital admissions at one-year follow-up.
基金Project supported by Colciencias,Colombian Agency,ColombiaUniversidad del Valle,Colombia(110671250407)+1 种基金the projects 691235-INAPEM of the H2020 ProgramW911NF-17-S-0003 US Army。
文摘A systematic study of the magnetic and structural properties dependence on the particle size was realized.For this,commercial NdFeB powder was separated into five different mean particle sizes using sieves.Besides,from the original powder,eleven samples were also produced by mechanical milling assisted by surfactant,using various milling times.A total of sixteen samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM),and Mdssbauer spectrometry(MS).The particle sizes of the samples vary from the micrometer to the nanometer scale.The crystallite size decreases with decreasing particle size.XRD result indicates that the Nd2Fe14B phase is found in all the samples,and the presence of this phase is also corroborated by MS using six sextets for fitting their spectra,with an additional singlet corresponding to the Nd1.1Fe4B4 phase.The mean hyperfine magnetic field increases with increasing particle size because the magnetic dipolar interaction between the magnetic moment of the particles increases with particle size.From the VSM measurements the magnetic energy density(BH)max values were calculated for different particle sizes,and their maximum value of 34.45 MGOe is obtained for the sample with the particle size of 60μm.
文摘With recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence,the use of deep learning models achieved remarkable advances in computer vision,ecommerce,cybersecurity,and healthcare.Particularly,numerous applications provided efficient solutions to assist radiologists for medical imaging analysis.For instance,automatic lesion detection and classification in mammograms is still considered a crucial task that requires more accurate diagnosis and precise analysis of abnormal lesions.In this paper,we propose an end-to-end system,which is based on You-Only-Look-Once(YOLO)model,to simultaneously localize and classify suspicious breast lesions from entire mammograms.The proposed system first preprocesses the raw images,then recognizes abnormal regions as breast lesions and determines their pathology classification as either mass or calcification.We evaluated the model on two publicly available datasets,with 2907 mammograms from the Curated Breast Imaging Subset of Digital Database for Screening Mammography(CBIS-DDSM)and 235 mammograms from INbreast database.We also used a privately collected dataset with 487 mammograms.Furthermore,we suggested a fusion models approach to report more precise detection and accurate classification.Our best results reached a detection accuracy rate of 95.7%,98.1%and 98%for mass lesions and 74.4%,71.8%and 73.2%for calcification lesions,respectively on CBIS-DDSM,INbreast and the private dataset.
基金the financial support of the grant PID2019-107357RB-I00 funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and "ERDF,a way of making Europe"the grants TED2021-132056B-I00 and PLEC2021-008062 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and"European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR"+1 种基金the grant IT1645-22 funded by the Basque Governmentfunding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.823745。
基金supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness with FEDER funds to AS(BFU2015-66689,RYC-2013-12817)OA is recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Basque GovernmentIDA is recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV
文摘Apoptosis is a widespread phenomenon that occurs in the brain in both physiological and pathological conditions. Dead ceils must be quickly removed to avoid the further toxic effects they exert in the pa- renchyma, a process executed by microglia, the brain professional phagocytes. Although phagocytosis is critical to maintain tissue homeostasis, it has long been either overlooked or indirectly assessed based on microglial morphology, expression of classical activation markers, or engulfment of artificial phagocytic targets in vitro. Nevertheless, these indirect methods present several limitations and, thus, direct obser- vation and quantification of microglial phagocytosis is still necessary to fully grasp its relevance in the diseased brain. To overcome these caveats and obtain a comprehensive, quantitative picture of microglial phagocytosis we have developed a novel set of parameters. These parameters have allowed us to identify the different strategies utilized by microglia to cope with apoptotic challenges induced by excitotoxicity or inflammation. In contrast, we discovered that in mouse and human epilepsy microglia failed to find and engulf apoptotic ceils, resulting in accumulation of debris and inflammation. Herein, we advocate that the efficiency of microglial phagocytosis should be routinely tested in neurodegenerative and neuro- logical disorders, in order to determine the extent to which it contributes to apoptosis and inflammation found in these conditions. Finally, our findings point towards enhancing microglial phagocytosis as a novel therapeutic strategy to control tissue damage and inflammation, and accelerate recovery in brain diseases.
文摘The general objective of this work is to analyze energy input in a vacuum process with the incorporation of microwave heating. Thus, necessary criteria for designing an efficient freeze-drying operation are considered through the analysis of strategies based on the combination of different intensities of radiant and microwave heating.The other aim of this research topic is to study the kinetics of drying in relation to mass transfer parameters.Five freeze-drying strategies using both heating systems were used. Consequently, energy input could be related to diffusivity coefficients, temperature and pressure profiles during dehydration of the product and analyzed in comparison to a conventional freeze-drying process.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 CATCH ITN project under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no.722012,website https://www.catchitn.eu/.
文摘Breast cancer(BCa)and prostate cancer(PCa)are the two most common types of cancer.Various factors play a role in these cancers,and discovering the most important ones might help patients live longer,better lives.This study aims to determine the variables that most affect patient survivability,and how the use of different machine learning algorithms can assist in such predictions.The AURIA database was used,which contains electronic healthcare records(EHRs)of 20,006 individual patients diagnosed with either breast or prostate cancer in a particular region in Finland.In total,there were 178 features for BCa and 143 for PCa.Six feature selection algorithms were used to obtain the 21 most important variables for BCa,and 19 for PCa.These features were then used to predict patient survivability by employing nine different machine learning algorithms.Seventy-five percent of the dataset was used to train the models and 25%for testing.Cross-validation was carried out using the StratifiedKfold technique to test the effectiveness of the machine learning models.The support vector machine classifier yielded the best ROC with an area under the curve(AUC)=0.83,followed by the KNeighborsClassifier with AUC=0.82 for the BCa dataset.The two algorithms that yielded the best results for PCa are the random forest classifier and KNeighborsClassifier,both with AUC=0.82.This study shows that not all variables are decisive when predicting breast or prostate cancer patient survivability.By narrowing down the input variables,healthcare professionals were able to focus on the issues that most impact patients,and hence devise better,more individualized care plans.
基金supported in part by JSPS Fellows,No.237213 of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to the first authorthe Grant MTM2010-18318 of the MICINN,Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the second authorScientific Research (c),No.21540230 of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to the third author
文摘In this article, we establish the global asymptotic stability of a disease-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium of an SIRS epidemic model with a class of nonlin- ear incidence rates and distributed delays. By using strict monotonicity of the incidence function and constructing a Lyapunov functional, we obtain sufficient conditions under which the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. When the nonlinear inci- dence rate is a saturated incidence rate, our result provides a new global stability condition for a small rate of immunity loss.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975088)+2 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(2022EHB009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711236)S.A.thanks European Research Council(MOLEMAT-726360)for support.
文摘The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is enormous.The photoactive layer,i.e.,the perovskite thin film,as a critical component of flexible perovskite solar cells(F-PSCs),still faces long-term stability issues when deformation occurs due to encountering temperature changes that also affect intrinsic rigidity.This literature investigation summarizes the main factors responsible for the rapid destruction of F-PSCs.We focus on long-term mechanical stability of F-PSCs together with the recent research protocols for improving this performance.Furthermore,we specify the progress in F-PSCs concerning precise design strategies of the functional layer to enhance the flexural endurance of perovskite films,such as internal stress engineering,grain boundary modification,self-healing strategy,and crystallization regulation.The existing challenges of oxygen-moisture stability and advanced encapsulation technologies of F-PSCs are also discussed.As concluding remarks,we propose our viewpoints on the large-scale commercial application of F-PSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51932003, 51872115, and 51802110)2020 International Cooperation Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Porvince+5 种基金Program for the Development of Science & Technology of Jilin Province (Item No.20190201309JC)the Jilin Province/Jilin University co-Construction Project-Funds for New Materials (SXGJSF2017-3, Branch-2/440050316A36)the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (2018WNLOKF022)the Program for JLU Science & Technology Innovative Research Team (JLUSTIRT, 2017TD-09)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities JLU“Double-First Class” Discipline for Materials Science & Engineering。
文摘The application of commercial carbon fiber cloth(CFC) in energy storage equipment is limited by its low specific capacitance and energy density. By a simple one-step activation treatment, the specific surface area of CFCs with porous structure can be increased considerably from 3.9 up to 875 m^2/g and the electrochemical properties of CFCs can be improved by three orders of magnitude(1324 mF/cm^2). Moreover,the hydrophobicity of CFCs can be transformed into superhydrophilicity. However, the electrochemical performance of CFCs does not show a positive correlation with specific surface area but have a strong relationship with the hierarchical pore distribution forged by the annealing treatment. Only moderate micropore and mesoporous ratio enables optimizing the electrochemical performance of CFCs.
基金the Basque Government under the ELKARTEK Program(SMAR3NAK project,grant number KK-2019/00051)is gratefully acknowledged by the authors。
文摘Fixtures are a critical element in machining operations as they are the interface between the part and the machine.These components are responsible for the precise part location on the machine table and for the proper dynamic stability maintenance during the manufacturing operations.Although these two features are deeply related,they are usually studied separately.On the one hand,diverse adaptable solutions have been developed for the clamping of different variable geometries.Parallelly,the stability of the part has been long studied to reduce the forced vibration and the chatter effects,especially on thin parts machining operations typically performed in the aeronautic field,such as the skin panels milling.The present work proposes a commitment between both features by the presentation of an innovative vacuum fixture based on the use of a vulcanized rubber layer.This solution presents high flexibility as it can be adapted to different geometries while providing a proper damping capacity due to the viscoelastic and elastoplastic behaviour of these compounds.Moreover,the sealing properties of these elastomers provide the perfect combination to transform a rubber layer into a flexible vacuum table.Therefore,in order to validate the suitability of this fixture,a test bench is manufactured and tested under uniaxial compression loads and under real finish milling conditions over AA2024 part samples.Finally,a roughness model is proposed and analysed in order to characterize the part vibration sources.
