Background Im paired sesitwity of he soin Mlush response bo miacin is one of the most rpicated findngs in patents with schizoprenia Howewer.prior studies have usaly focused on postonset psychusis,and ll is knowm about...Background Im paired sesitwity of he soin Mlush response bo miacin is one of the most rpicated findngs in patents with schizoprenia Howewer.prior studies have usaly focused on postonset psychusis,and ll is knowm about the dinical high-risk(CHR)phase of niacin senstity in psychosis Aims To proftle and compare the miacin flush responsge among CHR individuals(converters and non-coverters)patients with frstepso schinophrenia(FES)and healty controls(HCs).Methods Sensivily 1o ftour concentralions (0.1-0001M)of aqueous methylnicotinate was tested in 105 CHR individuals,57 patients with FES and 52 HCs.CHR individuals were further grouped as converters and non converters according to the 2-year follow-up outcomes.Skin flush response scores were rated on a 4-point scale.Results Of the 105 CHR individuals,21 individuals were lost during the study,leaving 84 CHR individuals;16(19.0%)converted to full psychosis at 2 years of fllow-up.Flush response scores identifed in the CHR samples were characterised as modest degree levels,intermediate between those of HC individuals and patients with FES.The flush responses in the CHR group mimicked the responses observed in the FES group at higher concentrations(0.01 M,0.1 M)and longer time points(15 min,20min);however,these became comparable vith the responses in the HC group at the shorter time points and at lower concentr ations.The converters exhibited lower mean flush response scores than the non-converters.Conclusions Attenuated niacin-induced flushing emerged during the early phase of psychosis.New devices should be developed and verified for objective quantification of skin responses in the CHR population.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder affecting 20 million people worldwide.Early diagnosis is crucial for disease management and improvement in prognosis,and diagnostic biomarkerscan serveasobjective indicat...Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder affecting 20 million people worldwide.Early diagnosis is crucial for disease management and improvement in prognosis,and diagnostic biomarkerscan serveasobjective indicators for the early screening of the disease.Based on the observation of diminished flush responses to niacin in patients with schizophrenia Horrobin proposed anoninvasive niacin skin flush screening for schizophrenia.展开更多
Recent decades have witnessed several infectious disease outbreaks,including the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic,which had catastrophic impacts on societies around the globe.At the same time,the twenty-first cen...Recent decades have witnessed several infectious disease outbreaks,including the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic,which had catastrophic impacts on societies around the globe.At the same time,the twenty-first century has experienced an unprecedented era of technological development and demographic changes:exploding population growth,increased airline flights,and increased rural-to-urban migration,with an estimated 281 million international migrants worldwide in 2020,despite COVID-19 movement restrictions.In this review,we synthesized 195 research articles that examined the association between human movement and infectious disease outbreaks to understand the extent to which human mobility has increased the risk of infectious disease outbreaks.This article covers eight infectious diseases,ranging from respiratory illnesses to sexually transmitted and vector-borne diseases.The review revealed a strong association between human mobility and infectious disease spread,particularly strong for respiratory illnesses like COVID-19 and Influenza.Despite significant research into the relationship between infectious diseases and human mobility,four knowledge gaps were identified based on reviewed literature in this study:1)although some studies have used big data in investigating infectious diseases,the efforts are limited(with the exception of COVID-19 disease),2)while some research has explored the use of multiple data sources,there has been limited focus on fully integrating these data into comprehensive analyses,3)limited research on the global impact of mobility on the spread of infectious disease with most studies focusing on local or regional outbreaks,and 4)lack of standardization in the methodology for measuring the impacts of human mobility on infectious disease spread.By tackling the recognized knowledge gaps and adopting holistic,interdisciplinary methods,forthcoming research has the potential to substantially enhance our comprehension of the intricate interplay between human mobility and infectious diseases.展开更多
The sudden outbreak of the Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)swept across the world in early 2020,triggering the lockdowns of several billion people across many countries,including China,Spain,India,the U.K.,Italy,France,G...The sudden outbreak of the Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)swept across the world in early 2020,triggering the lockdowns of several billion people across many countries,including China,Spain,India,the U.K.,Italy,France,Germany,Brazil,Russia,and the U.S.The transmission of the virus accelerated rapidly with the most confirmed cases in the U.S.,India,Russia,and Brazil.In response to this national and global emergency,the NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center brought together a taskforce of international researchers and assembled implementation strategies to rapidly respond to this crisis,for supporting research,saving lives,and protecting the health of global citizens.This perspective paper presents our collective view on the global health emergency and our effort in collecting,analyzing,and sharing relevant data on global policy and government responses,human mobility,environmental impact,socioeconomical impact;in developing research capabilities and mitigation measures with global scientists,promoting collaborative research on outbreak dynamics,and reflecting on the dynamic responses from human societies.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171544,81971251,81671329,82001406 and 81871050)Science and Technology Comission of Shanghai Municipality(19441907800,16ZR1430500,19ZR1445200,19ZR1445100,17411953100,21S31903100,2018SHZDZX01,19410710800,19411969100,19411950800)+5 种基金Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health(19MC1911100)The Clinical Research Center at Shanghai Mental Health Center(CRC2018Z001,CRC2018ZD04)Project of the Key Discipline Construction,Shanghai 3-Year Public Health Action Plan(GWV-10.1-XK18)Clinical Research Center at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(DLY201817,20190102)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018SHZDZX01,2018SHZDZX05)ZJLab.Foundation of Shanghai Mental Health Center(2020-FX-02).
文摘Background Im paired sesitwity of he soin Mlush response bo miacin is one of the most rpicated findngs in patents with schizoprenia Howewer.prior studies have usaly focused on postonset psychusis,and ll is knowm about the dinical high-risk(CHR)phase of niacin senstity in psychosis Aims To proftle and compare the miacin flush responsge among CHR individuals(converters and non-coverters)patients with frstepso schinophrenia(FES)and healty controls(HCs).Methods Sensivily 1o ftour concentralions (0.1-0001M)of aqueous methylnicotinate was tested in 105 CHR individuals,57 patients with FES and 52 HCs.CHR individuals were further grouped as converters and non converters according to the 2-year follow-up outcomes.Skin flush response scores were rated on a 4-point scale.Results Of the 105 CHR individuals,21 individuals were lost during the study,leaving 84 CHR individuals;16(19.0%)converted to full psychosis at 2 years of fllow-up.Flush response scores identifed in the CHR samples were characterised as modest degree levels,intermediate between those of HC individuals and patients with FES.The flush responses in the CHR group mimicked the responses observed in the FES group at higher concentrations(0.01 M,0.1 M)and longer time points(15 min,20min);however,these became comparable vith the responses in the HC group at the shorter time points and at lower concentr ations.The converters exhibited lower mean flush response scores than the non-converters.Conclusions Attenuated niacin-induced flushing emerged during the early phase of psychosis.New devices should be developed and verified for objective quantification of skin responses in the CHR population.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171544,81971251,81671329,and 81871050),Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19441907800,16ZR1430500,19ZR1445200,17411953100,21S31903100,2018SHZDZX01,19410710800,19411969100,19411950800)。
文摘Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder affecting 20 million people worldwide.Early diagnosis is crucial for disease management and improvement in prognosis,and diagnostic biomarkerscan serveasobjective indicators for the early screening of the disease.Based on the observation of diminished flush responses to niacin in patients with schizophrenia Horrobin proposed anoninvasive niacin skin flush screening for schizophrenia.
基金supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number[3R01AI127203-04S1]National Science Foundation under Award Number[2028791].
文摘Recent decades have witnessed several infectious disease outbreaks,including the coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic,which had catastrophic impacts on societies around the globe.At the same time,the twenty-first century has experienced an unprecedented era of technological development and demographic changes:exploding population growth,increased airline flights,and increased rural-to-urban migration,with an estimated 281 million international migrants worldwide in 2020,despite COVID-19 movement restrictions.In this review,we synthesized 195 research articles that examined the association between human movement and infectious disease outbreaks to understand the extent to which human mobility has increased the risk of infectious disease outbreaks.This article covers eight infectious diseases,ranging from respiratory illnesses to sexually transmitted and vector-borne diseases.The review revealed a strong association between human mobility and infectious disease spread,particularly strong for respiratory illnesses like COVID-19 and Influenza.Despite significant research into the relationship between infectious diseases and human mobility,four knowledge gaps were identified based on reviewed literature in this study:1)although some studies have used big data in investigating infectious diseases,the efforts are limited(with the exception of COVID-19 disease),2)while some research has explored the use of multiple data sources,there has been limited focus on fully integrating these data into comprehensive analyses,3)limited research on the global impact of mobility on the spread of infectious disease with most studies focusing on local or regional outbreaks,and 4)lack of standardization in the methodology for measuring the impacts of human mobility on infectious disease spread.By tackling the recognized knowledge gaps and adopting holistic,interdisciplinary methods,forthcoming research has the potential to substantially enhance our comprehension of the intricate interplay between human mobility and infectious diseases.
基金NSF(1841520,1835507,1832465,2028791 and 2025783)the NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center members.
文摘The sudden outbreak of the Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)swept across the world in early 2020,triggering the lockdowns of several billion people across many countries,including China,Spain,India,the U.K.,Italy,France,Germany,Brazil,Russia,and the U.S.The transmission of the virus accelerated rapidly with the most confirmed cases in the U.S.,India,Russia,and Brazil.In response to this national and global emergency,the NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center brought together a taskforce of international researchers and assembled implementation strategies to rapidly respond to this crisis,for supporting research,saving lives,and protecting the health of global citizens.This perspective paper presents our collective view on the global health emergency and our effort in collecting,analyzing,and sharing relevant data on global policy and government responses,human mobility,environmental impact,socioeconomical impact;in developing research capabilities and mitigation measures with global scientists,promoting collaborative research on outbreak dynamics,and reflecting on the dynamic responses from human societies.
