Light-energy-driven semiconductor catalysis offers attractive ways to address environmental and energy crises.TiO_(2) is the most promising catalyst for photocatalysis,but the lack of charge-carrier separation efficie...Light-energy-driven semiconductor catalysis offers attractive ways to address environmental and energy crises.TiO_(2) is the most promising catalyst for photocatalysis,but the lack of charge-carrier separation efficiency severely limits its catalytic performance.In this study,we carried out crystal phase engineering to prepare in situ Z-scheme hetero-phase homojunction of anatase-rutile and clarified the structure-performance relationship.The efficiency of sulfamerazine removal by hetero-phase homojunction TiO_(2) nanotube arrays in a single-compartment photocatalytic fuel cell system was improved by 1.93 times compared to conventional anatase TiO_(2) nanotube arrays and the degradation pathways were revealed by the Fukui function combined with HP-LCMS.The successful construction of Z-scheme hetero-phase homojunction was confirmed by Raman,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and electron spin resonance(ESR),which combined with density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed the key role of crystal phase engineering in the construction of hetero-phase homojunction.This work provides a novel strategy for the scientific design of titanium dioxide photocatalysts.展开更多
Although air pollutant emissions have sharply reduced in recent years,the occurrence of PM_(2.5) pollution events remains an intractable environmental problem in Beijing,and regional transport is the key influence fac...Although air pollutant emissions have sharply reduced in recent years,the occurrence of PM_(2.5) pollution events remains an intractable environmental problem in Beijing,and regional transport is the key influence factor.However,it has been difficult to identify regional transport characteristics and the main contributors to pollution events in recent years.In this study,the relative contribution of regional transport was quantified(61.3%)in PM_(2.5) pollution events during 2018-2021 by the Community Multiscale Air Quality model embedded with the Integrated Source Apportionment Model(CMAQ-ISAM).The four regions with the largest fractional contributions to Beijing for all events were Shandong(7.7%),South Hebei(7.3%),Baoding(6.2%),and Langfang(5.8%).Pollution events were classified into the following types based on regional transport directions:local,southwest(SW),southeast(SE),south-mixed(SM),and others.Based on the transport distance,the SW,SE,and SM types can be subdivided into SW-short,SW-long,SE-short,SE-long,SM-short,SM-long distance from southwest,SM-long distance from southeast,and SM-long distance from southwest and southeast.SE-long was regarded as the most important type,with the highest relative frequency(20%).The transport directions were related to the southwest wind at 925 hPa and southeast wind at 1000 hPa in the south of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region,and the distance was mainly controlled by wind strength.The wind-field difference can be attributed to the low-pressure and high-pressure systems that control the BTH region.The results suggest that regional joint pollution control should be optimized based on the transport type.展开更多
One-third of the global population is affected by micronutrient deficiency, particularly folate. Although folate synthesis has been relatively well characterized, few folate-related genes in maize have been cloned, an...One-third of the global population is affected by micronutrient deficiency, particularly folate. Although folate synthesis has been relatively well characterized, few folate-related genes in maize have been cloned, and the molecular mechanism regulating folate synthesis in maize remains unclear. In this study,transcriptome and proteome analyses of three waxy maize inbred lines with high, medium, and low folate contents were performed to identify key genes controlling folate biosynthesis. Pairwise comparisons revealed 21 differentially expressed genes and 20 differentially expressed proteins potentially associated with folate biosynthesis in the three lines. Six key folate-associated genes, Zm Mocos2, Zm GGH,Zm ADCL2, Zm CBR1, Zm SHMT, and Zm Pur H, were identified. These genes encode enzymes that potentially function in folate biosynthesis. Functional validation of one of these genes, Zm ADCL2, using an EMS mutant(Mut9264) showed that a 4-base insertion in an exon increased the folate content of fresh maize kernels 1.37-fold that of the wild type. Zm ADCL2 was considered a potential target for generating maize lines with higher folate content. KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes and proteins showed that several pathways in addition to folate biosynthesis were likely indirectly involved in folate metabolism and content(e.g., glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism;purine metabolism;cysteine and methionine metabolism;alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism;glutathione metabolism;and pyruvate metabolism. The transcriptome and proteomic data generated in this study will help to clarify the mechanisms underlying folate accumulation and aid breeding efforts to biofortify maize with folate.展开更多
Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria...Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria.Viral-bacterial co-infections,which have become increasingly common and a global concern,can lead to substantial complications,causing higher morbidity and adverse prognosis[2].Previous studies have reported low positive detection rates of targeted pathogens related to acute respiratory infections,owing to the limited number of detected pathogens and variations in the sensitivity of diagnostic methods[3-4].Low positive detection rates may impede our understanding of respiratory pathogen characteristics and hamper the development of precise treatment and prevention strategies.展开更多
Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.,a traditional aromatic edible plant from Lamiaceae,is widely used as food additive,food condiment,spice,and herbal teas.Polyphenol-rich fraction of T.quinquecostatus(PRF)has been proven t...Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.,a traditional aromatic edible plant from Lamiaceae,is widely used as food additive,food condiment,spice,and herbal teas.Polyphenol-rich fraction of T.quinquecostatus(PRF)has been proven to be effective protective effect for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI)in our previous study.In this study,we developed a novel“Gut flora-Compound-Target-Pathway”(GCTP)network based on network pharmacology coupled with gastrointestinal metabolism for screening bio-active components,key targets and gut floras through the classical technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).This compensates for the lack of gut floras and gastrointestinal metabolism in network pharmacology.Firstly,four incubation models covering simulated gastric juice,simulated intestinal juice,gut floras of normal and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO)rat in vitro were applied to PRF.The 109 proto-components and 64 metabolites were elucidated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Q exactive orbitrap-mass spectrometry(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS).Then,the key targets of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),tyrosine-protein kinase fyn(FYN),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),amyloid precursor protein(APP),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and gut floras of Enterococcus avium LY1 were selected.Moreover,the selected key proto components were rosmarinic acid,daidzein,quercetin,luteolin,apigenin,methyl rosmarinate,kaempferol,luteoloside,and caffeic acid,and the key metabolites were isokaempferide,isorhamnetin,isoquercetin,and mangiferin.Binding of compounds to the key proteins was analyzed by molecular docking,and also verified though an 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride(AAPH)induced oxidative stress zebrafish model and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assays.This study provides a new idea and a better understanding of PRF for its protective effects on CIRI and its underlying mechanisms.展开更多
Objective Recombination events are common and serve as the primary driving force of diverse human adenovirus(HAdV),particularly in children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARIs).Therefore,continual monitoring ...Objective Recombination events are common and serve as the primary driving force of diverse human adenovirus(HAdV),particularly in children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARIs).Therefore,continual monitoring of these events is essential for effective viral surveillance and control.Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from children with ARIs between January 2022 and December 2023.The penton base,hexon,and fiber genes were amplified from HAdV-positive specimens and sequenced to determine the virus type.In cases with inconsistent typing results,genes were cloned into the pGEM-T vector to detect recombination events.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)was performed to characterize the recombinant HAdV genomes.Results Among 6,771 specimens,277(4.09%,277/6,771)were positvie for HAdV,of which 157(56.68%,157/277)were successfully typed,with HAdV-B3 being the dominant type(91.08%,143/157),and 14(5.05%,14/277)exhibited inconsistent typing results,six of which belonged to species B.The penton base genes of these six specimens were classified as HAdV-B7,whereas their hexon and fiber genes were classified as HAdV-B3,resulting in a recombinant genotype designated P7H3F3,which closely resembled HAdV-B114.Additionally,a partial gene encoding L152/55 kD was identified,which originated from HAdV-B16.Conclusion A novel recombinant,P7H3F3,was identified,containing sequences derived from HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7,which is similar to HAdV-B114,along with additional sequences from HAdV-B16.展开更多
AIM:To isolate and identify the conjunctival microbiota of cataract patients and analyze the associated influencing factors.METHODS:This study recruited 216 participants(216 eyes)from April 2022 to July 2022.Under the...AIM:To isolate and identify the conjunctival microbiota of cataract patients and analyze the associated influencing factors.METHODS:This study recruited 216 participants(216 eyes)from April 2022 to July 2022.Under the condition of no antibiotic use prior to cataract surgery,sterile swabs were used to collect samples from the lower conjunctival sac.Bacterial cultures were then conducted,followed by species identification through 16S rDNA gene sequencing.Clinical factors associated with positive or negative bacterial isolation rates were analyzed,including age,gender,meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD),history of hypertension,history of diabetes,history of cancer,history of infectious diseases and the habit of wearing masks.RESULTS:Among the 216 eyes,78 eyes yielded isolates,with an isolation rate of 36.11%,detecting a total of 122 strains.Gram-positive rods accounted for 49.18%(60 strains),gram-positive cocci accounted for 45.08%(55 strains),gram-negative bacteria accounted for 4.92%(6 strains),and fungi accounted for 0.82%(1 strain).This study found that the most abundant genera in the conjunctival sac were Corynebacterium(42.62%),Staphylococcus(31.15%),Micrococcus(9.84%),Acinetobacter(4.10%),and Bacillus(3.28%).Furthermore,age(P=0.006),gender(P=0.039),diabetes(P=0.003),history of infectious diseases(P=0.02),and duration of mask replacement(P<0.001)were important factors influencing the positive bacterial culture of the conjunctival microbiota.Although hypertensive patients exhibited a higher isolation rate of conjunctival bacteria,it did not reach statistical significance,and the history of cancer did not affect the isolation rate of the conjunctival microbial community in cataract patients before surgery.CONCLUSION:Potential changes are observed in the conjunctival microbiota among a sample of middleaged and elderly individuals from Beijing,China.Notably,an increased isolation rate of Corynebacterium and Micrococcus is detected,suggesting a possible change in the microbial balance that requires further investigation and attention from the ophthalmological community.Advanced age,female gender,MGD,diabetes,a recent history of infectious diseases,and inadequate mask-wearing habits are potentially significant factors associated with the conjunctival microbiota.These factors should be considered in the development of strategies to prevent perioperative infections in cataract surgery patients.展开更多
The fracture network of hydraulic crack is significantly influenced by the bedding plane in coalbed methane extraction.Under mode Ⅱ loading,crack deflection holds a key position in hydraulic cracking,especially in hy...The fracture network of hydraulic crack is significantly influenced by the bedding plane in coalbed methane extraction.Under mode Ⅱ loading,crack deflection holds a key position in hydraulic cracking,especially in hydraulic shearing.This study first analyzed the crack deflection theory of layered rock.The semi-circle bending test under asymmetric loading is performed,and the four-dimensional Lattice Spring Model(4D-LSM)is established to examine how the bedding parameters affect coal crack propagation under mode Ⅱ dominant loads.The 4D-LSM results are comparable to the coal loading test results under quasi-mode Ⅱ and the analytical prediction of crack deflection theory.During mode Ⅱ loading,the coal crack propagation is greatly influenced by the angle,strength,and elastic modulus of the bedding plane,while the effects of thickness and spacing of bedding are insignificant.The crack of coal tends to propagate towards the bedding,following a decrease in bedding angle,a decrease in bedding strength,and an increase in elastic modulus.With higher bedding strength,spacing,and thickness,the peak load on the coal sample is higher.The influences of bedding strength,elastic modulus,spacing,and thickness on the peak load of coal samples and its anisotropy gradually decrease.It is proved that compared with the tangential stress ratio and traditional energy release ratio theories,the corrected energy release ratio criterion can more accurately predict the direction of crack deflection of coal,especially under mode Ⅱ loading.The results can provide assistance in the design of initiation pressure and fracturing direction in coal seam hydraulic fracturing.展开更多
The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in urban rivers has raised global concerns for ecological security.Quantitative source-specific risk apportionment of antibiotics is crucial for targeted and effective ecologic...The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in urban rivers has raised global concerns for ecological security.Quantitative source-specific risk apportionment of antibiotics is crucial for targeted and effective ecological risk management,but is rarely studied.In this study,a source-specific ecological risk apportionment model for antibiotics was developed by combining the ecological risk quotient(RQ)method and the positive matrix factorization(PMF)model.Based on twenty-two antibiotics in sixty-five water samples from thirteen sites in Beijing in wet and dry seasons,the spatial variation and probabilistic distribution of ecological risk associated with antibiotics were analyzed,and source-specific ecological risk was evaluated.Results showed that for the sum of all antibiotics,the mean concentration of all samples was 671.48 ng/L,and the lower limit of the 90%confidence interval of RQs was more than ten times the threshold for the high-risk level.The main sources were identified as domestic sewage,pharmaceutical wastewater and livestock discharge.It should be noted that higher contributions to antibiotic concentrations from sources do not always result in higher levels of ecological risk.Domestic sewage and livestock discharge contributed roughly equivalent amounts(36.17%and 37.59%,respectively)to antibiotic concentrations.However,domestic sewage was the most dominant source for risk(63.30%),and livestock discharge only contributed 7.37%to risk.The study found that evaluating the source-specific ecological risk associated with antibiotics is essential in addition to identifying their sources.The source-specific ecological risk apportionment model developed in this study is also referential for related studies.展开更多
During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remain...During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remains unclear.Here,HCHO observations in urban Beijing were conducted,the impact of meteorological differences between warm and cold seasons to HCHO concentrations was investigated.Additionally,the positive matrix factorization model was applied to the source apportionment of HCHO,with a focus on changes during pollution events.The results indicated that,during warm seasons,the secondary production of HCHO was driven by high temperature influenced by the low-pressure front,with the contribution of secondary production+background peaking at 85.9% in the afternoon,exhibiting a unimodal diurnal variation.Conversely,during cold seasons,the influence of a uniform pressure field,coupled with weak winds,low boundary layers and high humidity,led to HCHO accumulation from primary emissions,resulting in multiday highconcentration pollution.During the most severe pollution periods,anthropogenic primary emissions contributed up to 91.7%.Therefore,while the contribution of volatile organic compounds to HCHO levels through secondary production has been recognized,the significant impact of primary emissions during cold seasons cannot be overlooked.展开更多
Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA...Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA-induced joint pain is characterized as a deep tissue pain that potentially involves distinct subgroups of peripheral sensory neurons and central processing mechanisms.Furthermore,KOA pain is closely related to locomotion activity.Impaired sensorimotor integration and pain mutually reinforce each other in KOA,forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression.In this review,we highlight the key differences between KOA pain and cutaneous pain,and the latter has been extensively studied in the pain field.We hope to offer new insights into the central mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for KOA based on the interactions between impaired sensorimotor integration and chronic joint pain.展开更多
Synapses are key structures involved in transmitting information in the nervous system,and their functions rely on the regulation of various lipids.Lipids play important roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter rel...Synapses are key structures involved in transmitting information in the nervous system,and their functions rely on the regulation of various lipids.Lipids play important roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter release,and signal transmission,and dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases.The complex roles of lipids in synaptic function and neurological diseases have recently garnered increasing attention,but their specific mechanisms remain to be fully understood.This review aims to explore how lipids regulate synaptic activity in the central nervous system,focusing on their roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter release,and signal transmission.Additionally,it discusses the mechanisms by which glial cells modulate synaptic function through lipid regulation.This review shows that within the central nervous system,lipids are essential components of the cell membrane bilayer,playing critical roles in synaptic structure and function.They regulate presynaptic vesicular trafficking,postsynaptic signaling pathways,and glial-neuronal interactions.Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity and promotes the formation of lipid rafts.Glycerophospholipids contribute to the structural integrity of synaptic membranes and are involved in the release of synaptic vesicles.Sphingolipids interact with synaptic receptors through various mechanisms to regulate their activity and are also involved in cellular processes such as inflammation and apoptosis.Fatty acids are vital for energy metabolism and the synthesis of signaling molecules.Abnormalities in lipid metabolism may lead to impairments in synaptic function,affecting information transmission between neurons and the overall health of the nervous system.Therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism,particularly through cholesterol modulation,show promise for treating these conditions.In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely linked to synaptic dysfunction.Therefore,lipids are not only key molecules in neural regeneration and synaptic repair but may also contribute to neurodegenerative pathology when metabolic dysregulation occurs.Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms linking lipid metabolism to synaptic dysfunction and to develop targeted lipid therapies for neurological diseases.展开更多
In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with l...In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.展开更多
The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical m...The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.展开更多
Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistan...Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistance to salt stress.In this study,we used corn steep liquor(CSL),myo-inositol(MI),and their combination to improve salt tolerance in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)under salt stress conditions.All three treatments significantly increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake,and improved soil physicochemical properties,while alleviating oxidative damage and ion toxicity.展开更多
In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)r...In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)receive widespread attention in practical energy storage applications due to their unique oriented thermally conductive structure,which achieves significant thermal conductivity enhancement in specific directions while retaining the high energy storage capacity of the phase change components.This review systematically summarizes the overall analysis of OCPCMs from synthesis and preparation to application scenarios in recent years.Herein,we introduce the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of the materials and explore the advantages of the oriented structure in OCPCMs in the heat transfer behavior from a bionic perspective.We then focus on summarizing and generalizing the methods for preparing OCPCMs,giving suggestions for suitable methods according to different scenarios.Besides,we discuss the application of finite element simulation methods to the monitoring of the thermal management behavior of OCPCMs,and look into the potential future application areas of such materials.Finally,it is hoped that this review will provide guidance for the academic community in developing high-performance OCPCMs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inappropriate selection of patients with early gastric cancer(EGC)for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)may lead to non-curative resection,necessitating additional gastrectomy.Conversely,inappropriate se...BACKGROUND Inappropriate selection of patients with early gastric cancer(EGC)for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)may lead to non-curative resection,necessitating additional gastrectomy.Conversely,inappropriate selection for gastrectomy may result in overtreatment,adversely affecting patients’quality of life.Few have systematically evaluated the concordance between therapeutic indications under current Japanese guidelines and pathological criteria in EGC.To minimize noncurative resection risks while sparing unnecessary surgery for low-risk patients’,we specifically assess the suitability of Japanese guidelines in non-Japanese populations.This work aims to optimize clinical practice by refining endoscopic treatment criteria for adoption beyond Japan.AIM To evaluate EGC clinical decision accuracy by comparing therapeutic indication with postoperative pathological criteria and analyzing factors influencing discrepancies.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 796 EGC cases diagnosed at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2010 and December 2022.Cases were categorized into three groups:Same-estimated(preoperative therapeutic indication with postoperative pathological criteria matched),underestimated(preoperative ESD indication but postoperative surgical criteria),and overestimated(preoperative surgical indication but postoperative ESD criteria).The rate of discrepancy and associated risk factors were assessed.RESULTS The accuracy rates of preoperative evaluation for ESD and gastrectomy indications were 73.0%(321/430)and 76.0%(278/366),respectively.The overall discrepancy rate was 25.6%(204/796).Multivariate analysis identified tumor location in the upper-third stomach(odds ratio=2.158,95%confidence interval:1.373-3.390,P=0.001)was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being underestimated and undifferentiated histologic type on preoperative biopsy(odds ratio=2.005,95%confidence interval:1.036-3.879,P=0.039)was more likely to be overestimated.Significant differences were observed in tumor diameter(P<0.001),depth of infiltration(P<0.001),ulcerative findings(P<0.001),and histologic type(P<0.001)between preoperative and postoperative evaluations.CONCLUSION The accuracy of preoperative EGC indications is 74.4%.Upper-third stomach and undifferentiated histology are primary discrepancy predictors.Upper-third tumors are prone to underestimation,while undifferentiated tumors are prone to overestimation.展开更多
Traffic sign detection is a critical component of driving systems.Single-stage network-based traffic sign detection algorithms,renowned for their fast detection speeds and high accuracy,have become the dominant approa...Traffic sign detection is a critical component of driving systems.Single-stage network-based traffic sign detection algorithms,renowned for their fast detection speeds and high accuracy,have become the dominant approach in current practices.However,in complex and dynamic traffic scenes,particularly with smaller traffic sign objects,challenges such as missed and false detections can lead to reduced overall detection accuracy.To address this issue,this paper proposes a detection algorithm that integrates edge and shape information.Recognizing that traffic signs have specific shapes and distinct edge contours,this paper introduces an edge feature extraction branch within the backbone network,enabling adaptive fusion with features of the same hierarchical level.Additionally,a shape prior convolution module is designed to replaces the first two convolutional modules of the backbone network,aimed at enhancing the model's perception ability for specific shape objects and reducing its sensitivity to background noise.The algorithm was evaluated on the CCTSDB and TT100k datasets,and compared to YOLOv8s,the mAP50 values increased by 3.0%and 10.4%,respectively,demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the accuracy of traffic sign detection.展开更多
For early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),curative therapies include surgical excision and radiofrequency ablation.Other treatment modes for advanced HCC involve transarterial chemoembolization.For HCC patients who do n...For early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),curative therapies include surgical excision and radiofrequency ablation.Other treatment modes for advanced HCC involve transarterial chemoembolization.For HCC patients who do not fit the Milan criteria or are waiting for liver transplantation(LT),studies of transarterial radioembolization with Yttrium-90(Y-90)demonstrated that Y-90 may accomplish a good downstaging or bridging effect before LT and can even achieve complete pathological necrosis.The present review discussed Y-90 radioembolization as a local regional treatment option for advanced and unresectable HCC,with a focus on neoadjuvant intervention before LT.展开更多
In this study,the mechanism of zinc ions(Zn^(2+))effects on myofibrillar protein(MP)constitutive relationships and gel properties was investigated,and then the influence of Zn^(2+)on the edible quality of mutton meat ...In this study,the mechanism of zinc ions(Zn^(2+))effects on myofibrillar protein(MP)constitutive relationships and gel properties was investigated,and then the influence of Zn^(2+)on the edible quality of mutton meat products in the actual meat production process has been studied.The result showed that the protein solubility,emulsification properties,and particle size of samples supplemented Zn^(2+)decreased significantly(P<0.05)compared with the control group.Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope images found that a high concentration of Zn^(2+)(>0.6 mg/L)reduced the stability of the gel structure.Chemical force and molecular docking confirmed that Zn^(2+)increased the ionic and disulfide bonds of MP,and predicted the binding site between MP and Zn^(2+).With the increase in Zn^(2+)concentration,the edible quality of the mutton product(texture,tenderness,and water retention)showed a trend of first slightly increasing and then decreasing.Then sensory evaluation results indicated that mutton products with added moderate Zn^(2+)scored higher.During the cooking process,adding 0.4 mg/L of Zn^(2+)can optimize the edible quality of lamb products.This study provided a theoretical basis for the utilization of Zn^(2+)in mutton and meat products.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52370025,52372212)BUCEA Postgraduate Education and Teaching Quality Improvement Project(No.J2023016)the BUCEA Post Graduate Innovation Project(Nos.DG2023012 and PG2024073).
文摘Light-energy-driven semiconductor catalysis offers attractive ways to address environmental and energy crises.TiO_(2) is the most promising catalyst for photocatalysis,but the lack of charge-carrier separation efficiency severely limits its catalytic performance.In this study,we carried out crystal phase engineering to prepare in situ Z-scheme hetero-phase homojunction of anatase-rutile and clarified the structure-performance relationship.The efficiency of sulfamerazine removal by hetero-phase homojunction TiO_(2) nanotube arrays in a single-compartment photocatalytic fuel cell system was improved by 1.93 times compared to conventional anatase TiO_(2) nanotube arrays and the degradation pathways were revealed by the Fukui function combined with HP-LCMS.The successful construction of Z-scheme hetero-phase homojunction was confirmed by Raman,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and electron spin resonance(ESR),which combined with density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed the key role of crystal phase engineering in the construction of hetero-phase homojunction.This work provides a novel strategy for the scientific design of titanium dioxide photocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Key R&D program of China(No.2022YFC3703404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22188102)the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology.
文摘Although air pollutant emissions have sharply reduced in recent years,the occurrence of PM_(2.5) pollution events remains an intractable environmental problem in Beijing,and regional transport is the key influence factor.However,it has been difficult to identify regional transport characteristics and the main contributors to pollution events in recent years.In this study,the relative contribution of regional transport was quantified(61.3%)in PM_(2.5) pollution events during 2018-2021 by the Community Multiscale Air Quality model embedded with the Integrated Source Apportionment Model(CMAQ-ISAM).The four regions with the largest fractional contributions to Beijing for all events were Shandong(7.7%),South Hebei(7.3%),Baoding(6.2%),and Langfang(5.8%).Pollution events were classified into the following types based on regional transport directions:local,southwest(SW),southeast(SE),south-mixed(SM),and others.Based on the transport distance,the SW,SE,and SM types can be subdivided into SW-short,SW-long,SE-short,SE-long,SM-short,SM-long distance from southwest,SM-long distance from southeast,and SM-long distance from southwest and southeast.SE-long was regarded as the most important type,with the highest relative frequency(20%).The transport directions were related to the southwest wind at 925 hPa and southeast wind at 1000 hPa in the south of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region,and the distance was mainly controlled by wind strength.The wind-field difference can be attributed to the low-pressure and high-pressure systems that control the BTH region.The results suggest that regional joint pollution control should be optimized based on the transport type.
基金supported by Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (QNJJ202208)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (KJCX20240408)+1 种基金Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Cultivation Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesNational Natural Science Foundation of China (32201815)。
文摘One-third of the global population is affected by micronutrient deficiency, particularly folate. Although folate synthesis has been relatively well characterized, few folate-related genes in maize have been cloned, and the molecular mechanism regulating folate synthesis in maize remains unclear. In this study,transcriptome and proteome analyses of three waxy maize inbred lines with high, medium, and low folate contents were performed to identify key genes controlling folate biosynthesis. Pairwise comparisons revealed 21 differentially expressed genes and 20 differentially expressed proteins potentially associated with folate biosynthesis in the three lines. Six key folate-associated genes, Zm Mocos2, Zm GGH,Zm ADCL2, Zm CBR1, Zm SHMT, and Zm Pur H, were identified. These genes encode enzymes that potentially function in folate biosynthesis. Functional validation of one of these genes, Zm ADCL2, using an EMS mutant(Mut9264) showed that a 4-base insertion in an exon increased the folate content of fresh maize kernels 1.37-fold that of the wild type. Zm ADCL2 was considered a potential target for generating maize lines with higher folate content. KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes and proteins showed that several pathways in addition to folate biosynthesis were likely indirectly involved in folate metabolism and content(e.g., glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism;purine metabolism;cysteine and methionine metabolism;alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism;glutathione metabolism;and pyruvate metabolism. The transcriptome and proteomic data generated in this study will help to clarify the mechanisms underlying folate accumulation and aid breeding efforts to biofortify maize with folate.
基金supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project of the Beijing Science and Technology Commission(Z241100009024047)the High-Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan(lingjunrencai-01-02).
文摘Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria.Viral-bacterial co-infections,which have become increasingly common and a global concern,can lead to substantial complications,causing higher morbidity and adverse prognosis[2].Previous studies have reported low positive detection rates of targeted pathogens related to acute respiratory infections,owing to the limited number of detected pathogens and variations in the sensitivity of diagnostic methods[3-4].Low positive detection rates may impede our understanding of respiratory pathogen characteristics and hamper the development of precise treatment and prevention strategies.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2020BFG03007).
文摘Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.,a traditional aromatic edible plant from Lamiaceae,is widely used as food additive,food condiment,spice,and herbal teas.Polyphenol-rich fraction of T.quinquecostatus(PRF)has been proven to be effective protective effect for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI)in our previous study.In this study,we developed a novel“Gut flora-Compound-Target-Pathway”(GCTP)network based on network pharmacology coupled with gastrointestinal metabolism for screening bio-active components,key targets and gut floras through the classical technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).This compensates for the lack of gut floras and gastrointestinal metabolism in network pharmacology.Firstly,four incubation models covering simulated gastric juice,simulated intestinal juice,gut floras of normal and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO)rat in vitro were applied to PRF.The 109 proto-components and 64 metabolites were elucidated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Q exactive orbitrap-mass spectrometry(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS).Then,the key targets of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),tyrosine-protein kinase fyn(FYN),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),amyloid precursor protein(APP),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and gut floras of Enterococcus avium LY1 were selected.Moreover,the selected key proto components were rosmarinic acid,daidzein,quercetin,luteolin,apigenin,methyl rosmarinate,kaempferol,luteoloside,and caffeic acid,and the key metabolites were isokaempferide,isorhamnetin,isoquercetin,and mangiferin.Binding of compounds to the key proteins was analyzed by molecular docking,and also verified though an 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride(AAPH)induced oxidative stress zebrafish model and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assays.This study provides a new idea and a better understanding of PRF for its protective effects on CIRI and its underlying mechanisms.
基金supported by the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH,shoufa-2022-1G-1131 and shoufa 2022-4G-1133)the High Level Technical Talent Construction Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(Discipline Leader-02-20)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes(JYY2023-10)the Pathogen Spectrum and Host Marker Analysis in Children with Respiratory Tract Infections of Children(Grant 2024-0040).
文摘Objective Recombination events are common and serve as the primary driving force of diverse human adenovirus(HAdV),particularly in children with acute respiratory tract infections(ARIs).Therefore,continual monitoring of these events is essential for effective viral surveillance and control.Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from children with ARIs between January 2022 and December 2023.The penton base,hexon,and fiber genes were amplified from HAdV-positive specimens and sequenced to determine the virus type.In cases with inconsistent typing results,genes were cloned into the pGEM-T vector to detect recombination events.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)was performed to characterize the recombinant HAdV genomes.Results Among 6,771 specimens,277(4.09%,277/6,771)were positvie for HAdV,of which 157(56.68%,157/277)were successfully typed,with HAdV-B3 being the dominant type(91.08%,143/157),and 14(5.05%,14/277)exhibited inconsistent typing results,six of which belonged to species B.The penton base genes of these six specimens were classified as HAdV-B7,whereas their hexon and fiber genes were classified as HAdV-B3,resulting in a recombinant genotype designated P7H3F3,which closely resembled HAdV-B114.Additionally,a partial gene encoding L152/55 kD was identified,which originated from HAdV-B16.Conclusion A novel recombinant,P7H3F3,was identified,containing sequences derived from HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7,which is similar to HAdV-B114,along with additional sequences from HAdV-B16.
基金Supported by Capital Health Development Scientific Research Special Project(No.2024-2-40913).
文摘AIM:To isolate and identify the conjunctival microbiota of cataract patients and analyze the associated influencing factors.METHODS:This study recruited 216 participants(216 eyes)from April 2022 to July 2022.Under the condition of no antibiotic use prior to cataract surgery,sterile swabs were used to collect samples from the lower conjunctival sac.Bacterial cultures were then conducted,followed by species identification through 16S rDNA gene sequencing.Clinical factors associated with positive or negative bacterial isolation rates were analyzed,including age,gender,meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD),history of hypertension,history of diabetes,history of cancer,history of infectious diseases and the habit of wearing masks.RESULTS:Among the 216 eyes,78 eyes yielded isolates,with an isolation rate of 36.11%,detecting a total of 122 strains.Gram-positive rods accounted for 49.18%(60 strains),gram-positive cocci accounted for 45.08%(55 strains),gram-negative bacteria accounted for 4.92%(6 strains),and fungi accounted for 0.82%(1 strain).This study found that the most abundant genera in the conjunctival sac were Corynebacterium(42.62%),Staphylococcus(31.15%),Micrococcus(9.84%),Acinetobacter(4.10%),and Bacillus(3.28%).Furthermore,age(P=0.006),gender(P=0.039),diabetes(P=0.003),history of infectious diseases(P=0.02),and duration of mask replacement(P<0.001)were important factors influencing the positive bacterial culture of the conjunctival microbiota.Although hypertensive patients exhibited a higher isolation rate of conjunctival bacteria,it did not reach statistical significance,and the history of cancer did not affect the isolation rate of the conjunctival microbial community in cataract patients before surgery.CONCLUSION:Potential changes are observed in the conjunctival microbiota among a sample of middleaged and elderly individuals from Beijing,China.Notably,an increased isolation rate of Corynebacterium and Micrococcus is detected,suggesting a possible change in the microbial balance that requires further investigation and attention from the ophthalmological community.Advanced age,female gender,MGD,diabetes,a recent history of infectious diseases,and inadequate mask-wearing habits are potentially significant factors associated with the conjunctival microbiota.These factors should be considered in the development of strategies to prevent perioperative infections in cataract surgery patients.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52225402,U1910206)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2022YFC3004602).
文摘The fracture network of hydraulic crack is significantly influenced by the bedding plane in coalbed methane extraction.Under mode Ⅱ loading,crack deflection holds a key position in hydraulic cracking,especially in hydraulic shearing.This study first analyzed the crack deflection theory of layered rock.The semi-circle bending test under asymmetric loading is performed,and the four-dimensional Lattice Spring Model(4D-LSM)is established to examine how the bedding parameters affect coal crack propagation under mode Ⅱ dominant loads.The 4D-LSM results are comparable to the coal loading test results under quasi-mode Ⅱ and the analytical prediction of crack deflection theory.During mode Ⅱ loading,the coal crack propagation is greatly influenced by the angle,strength,and elastic modulus of the bedding plane,while the effects of thickness and spacing of bedding are insignificant.The crack of coal tends to propagate towards the bedding,following a decrease in bedding angle,a decrease in bedding strength,and an increase in elastic modulus.With higher bedding strength,spacing,and thickness,the peak load on the coal sample is higher.The influences of bedding strength,elastic modulus,spacing,and thickness on the peak load of coal samples and its anisotropy gradually decrease.It is proved that compared with the tangential stress ratio and traditional energy release ratio theories,the corrected energy release ratio criterion can more accurately predict the direction of crack deflection of coal,especially under mode Ⅱ loading.The results can provide assistance in the design of initiation pressure and fracturing direction in coal seam hydraulic fracturing.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52400245 and 5221101156)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017ZX07103)。
文摘The widespread occurrence of antibiotics in urban rivers has raised global concerns for ecological security.Quantitative source-specific risk apportionment of antibiotics is crucial for targeted and effective ecological risk management,but is rarely studied.In this study,a source-specific ecological risk apportionment model for antibiotics was developed by combining the ecological risk quotient(RQ)method and the positive matrix factorization(PMF)model.Based on twenty-two antibiotics in sixty-five water samples from thirteen sites in Beijing in wet and dry seasons,the spatial variation and probabilistic distribution of ecological risk associated with antibiotics were analyzed,and source-specific ecological risk was evaluated.Results showed that for the sum of all antibiotics,the mean concentration of all samples was 671.48 ng/L,and the lower limit of the 90%confidence interval of RQs was more than ten times the threshold for the high-risk level.The main sources were identified as domestic sewage,pharmaceutical wastewater and livestock discharge.It should be noted that higher contributions to antibiotic concentrations from sources do not always result in higher levels of ecological risk.Domestic sewage and livestock discharge contributed roughly equivalent amounts(36.17%and 37.59%,respectively)to antibiotic concentrations.However,domestic sewage was the most dominant source for risk(63.30%),and livestock discharge only contributed 7.37%to risk.The study found that evaluating the source-specific ecological risk associated with antibiotics is essential in addition to identifying their sources.The source-specific ecological risk apportionment model developed in this study is also referential for related studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42075097 and 42177081)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3706103)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0760200)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.8222075)the Youth Cross Team Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.JCTD-2021-10)。
文摘During high-temperature periods in summer,formaldehyde(HCHO)levels increase due to secondary production.However,recent studies have also shown a rise in the HCHO concentration in winter,but the underlying cause remains unclear.Here,HCHO observations in urban Beijing were conducted,the impact of meteorological differences between warm and cold seasons to HCHO concentrations was investigated.Additionally,the positive matrix factorization model was applied to the source apportionment of HCHO,with a focus on changes during pollution events.The results indicated that,during warm seasons,the secondary production of HCHO was driven by high temperature influenced by the low-pressure front,with the contribution of secondary production+background peaking at 85.9% in the afternoon,exhibiting a unimodal diurnal variation.Conversely,during cold seasons,the influence of a uniform pressure field,coupled with weak winds,low boundary layers and high humidity,led to HCHO accumulation from primary emissions,resulting in multiday highconcentration pollution.During the most severe pollution periods,anthropogenic primary emissions contributed up to 91.7%.Therefore,while the contribution of volatile organic compounds to HCHO levels through secondary production has been recognized,the significant impact of primary emissions during cold seasons cannot be overlooked.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.F252065)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271190,32571323)the STI 2030 Major Project(No.2021ZD0203202)。
文摘Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA-induced joint pain is characterized as a deep tissue pain that potentially involves distinct subgroups of peripheral sensory neurons and central processing mechanisms.Furthermore,KOA pain is closely related to locomotion activity.Impaired sensorimotor integration and pain mutually reinforce each other in KOA,forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression.In this review,we highlight the key differences between KOA pain and cutaneous pain,and the latter has been extensively studied in the pain field.We hope to offer new insights into the central mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for KOA based on the interactions between impaired sensorimotor integration and chronic joint pain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82201568(to QQ)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.2024-2-1031(to QQ)Beijing Nova Program,No.20240484566(to QQ).
文摘Synapses are key structures involved in transmitting information in the nervous system,and their functions rely on the regulation of various lipids.Lipids play important roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter release,and signal transmission,and dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases.The complex roles of lipids in synaptic function and neurological diseases have recently garnered increasing attention,but their specific mechanisms remain to be fully understood.This review aims to explore how lipids regulate synaptic activity in the central nervous system,focusing on their roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter release,and signal transmission.Additionally,it discusses the mechanisms by which glial cells modulate synaptic function through lipid regulation.This review shows that within the central nervous system,lipids are essential components of the cell membrane bilayer,playing critical roles in synaptic structure and function.They regulate presynaptic vesicular trafficking,postsynaptic signaling pathways,and glial-neuronal interactions.Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity and promotes the formation of lipid rafts.Glycerophospholipids contribute to the structural integrity of synaptic membranes and are involved in the release of synaptic vesicles.Sphingolipids interact with synaptic receptors through various mechanisms to regulate their activity and are also involved in cellular processes such as inflammation and apoptosis.Fatty acids are vital for energy metabolism and the synthesis of signaling molecules.Abnormalities in lipid metabolism may lead to impairments in synaptic function,affecting information transmission between neurons and the overall health of the nervous system.Therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism,particularly through cholesterol modulation,show promise for treating these conditions.In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely linked to synaptic dysfunction.Therefore,lipids are not only key molecules in neural regeneration and synaptic repair but may also contribute to neurodegenerative pathology when metabolic dysregulation occurs.Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms linking lipid metabolism to synaptic dysfunction and to develop targeted lipid therapies for neurological diseases.
文摘In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175237)。
文摘The key parameters that characterize the morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal laser deposited parts are the surface roughness and the error between the actual printing height and the theoretical model height.The Taguchi method was employed to establish the correlations between process parameter combinations and multi-objective characterization of metal deposition morphology(height error and roughness).Results show that using the signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational analysis,the optimal parameter combination for multi-layer and multi-pass deposition is determined as follows:laser power of 800 W,powder feeding rate of 0.3 r/min,step distance of 1.6 mm,and scanning speed of 20 mm/s.Subsequently,a Genetic Bayesian-back propagation(GB-BP)network is constructed to predict multi-objective responses.Compared with the traditional back propagation network,the GB-back propagation network improves the prediction accuracy of height error and surface roughness by 43.14%and 71.43%,respectively.This network can accurately predict the multi-objective characterization of morphological quality of multi-layer and multi-pass metal deposited parts.
基金supported by the sub-project“Research and Application of In-Situ Value-Added Water-Soluble Fertilizer Application Technology”(Grant No.2023YFD1700204-3)under the 14th Five-Year National Key R&D Program Project“Development and Industrialization of Novel Green Value-Added Fertilizers”.
文摘Salinization of agricultural land is becoming increasingly severe worldwide,posing a significant threat to food security.The exogenous application of bioactive substances has been widely used to enhance plant resistance to salt stress.In this study,we used corn steep liquor(CSL),myo-inositol(MI),and their combination to improve salt tolerance in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)under salt stress conditions.All three treatments significantly increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake,and improved soil physicochemical properties,while alleviating oxidative damage and ion toxicity.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-KST-25-001)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L253029)。
文摘In the context of the global energy low-carbon transition,phase change energy storage technology becomes a key technology to solve the problem of intermittent renewable energy.Oriented phase change composites(OCPCMs)receive widespread attention in practical energy storage applications due to their unique oriented thermally conductive structure,which achieves significant thermal conductivity enhancement in specific directions while retaining the high energy storage capacity of the phase change components.This review systematically summarizes the overall analysis of OCPCMs from synthesis and preparation to application scenarios in recent years.Herein,we introduce the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of the materials and explore the advantages of the oriented structure in OCPCMs in the heat transfer behavior from a bionic perspective.We then focus on summarizing and generalizing the methods for preparing OCPCMs,giving suggestions for suitable methods according to different scenarios.Besides,we discuss the application of finite element simulation methods to the monitoring of the thermal management behavior of OCPCMs,and look into the potential future application areas of such materials.Finally,it is hoped that this review will provide guidance for the academic community in developing high-performance OCPCMs.
基金Supported by China Health&Medical Development Foundation,No.M2021551.
文摘BACKGROUND Inappropriate selection of patients with early gastric cancer(EGC)for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)may lead to non-curative resection,necessitating additional gastrectomy.Conversely,inappropriate selection for gastrectomy may result in overtreatment,adversely affecting patients’quality of life.Few have systematically evaluated the concordance between therapeutic indications under current Japanese guidelines and pathological criteria in EGC.To minimize noncurative resection risks while sparing unnecessary surgery for low-risk patients’,we specifically assess the suitability of Japanese guidelines in non-Japanese populations.This work aims to optimize clinical practice by refining endoscopic treatment criteria for adoption beyond Japan.AIM To evaluate EGC clinical decision accuracy by comparing therapeutic indication with postoperative pathological criteria and analyzing factors influencing discrepancies.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 796 EGC cases diagnosed at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2010 and December 2022.Cases were categorized into three groups:Same-estimated(preoperative therapeutic indication with postoperative pathological criteria matched),underestimated(preoperative ESD indication but postoperative surgical criteria),and overestimated(preoperative surgical indication but postoperative ESD criteria).The rate of discrepancy and associated risk factors were assessed.RESULTS The accuracy rates of preoperative evaluation for ESD and gastrectomy indications were 73.0%(321/430)and 76.0%(278/366),respectively.The overall discrepancy rate was 25.6%(204/796).Multivariate analysis identified tumor location in the upper-third stomach(odds ratio=2.158,95%confidence interval:1.373-3.390,P=0.001)was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being underestimated and undifferentiated histologic type on preoperative biopsy(odds ratio=2.005,95%confidence interval:1.036-3.879,P=0.039)was more likely to be overestimated.Significant differences were observed in tumor diameter(P<0.001),depth of infiltration(P<0.001),ulcerative findings(P<0.001),and histologic type(P<0.001)between preoperative and postoperative evaluations.CONCLUSION The accuracy of preoperative EGC indications is 74.4%.Upper-third stomach and undifferentiated histology are primary discrepancy predictors.Upper-third tumors are prone to underestimation,while undifferentiated tumors are prone to overestimation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62572057,62272049,U24A20331)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.4232026,4242020)Academic Research Projects of Beijing Union University(Grant No.ZK10202404).
文摘Traffic sign detection is a critical component of driving systems.Single-stage network-based traffic sign detection algorithms,renowned for their fast detection speeds and high accuracy,have become the dominant approach in current practices.However,in complex and dynamic traffic scenes,particularly with smaller traffic sign objects,challenges such as missed and false detections can lead to reduced overall detection accuracy.To address this issue,this paper proposes a detection algorithm that integrates edge and shape information.Recognizing that traffic signs have specific shapes and distinct edge contours,this paper introduces an edge feature extraction branch within the backbone network,enabling adaptive fusion with features of the same hierarchical level.Additionally,a shape prior convolution module is designed to replaces the first two convolutional modules of the backbone network,aimed at enhancing the model's perception ability for specific shape objects and reducing its sensitivity to background noise.The algorithm was evaluated on the CCTSDB and TT100k datasets,and compared to YOLOv8s,the mAP50 values increased by 3.0%and 10.4%,respectively,demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the accuracy of traffic sign detection.
文摘For early hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),curative therapies include surgical excision and radiofrequency ablation.Other treatment modes for advanced HCC involve transarterial chemoembolization.For HCC patients who do not fit the Milan criteria or are waiting for liver transplantation(LT),studies of transarterial radioembolization with Yttrium-90(Y-90)demonstrated that Y-90 may accomplish a good downstaging or bridging effect before LT and can even achieve complete pathological necrosis.The present review discussed Y-90 radioembolization as a local regional treatment option for advanced and unresectable HCC,with a focus on neoadjuvant intervention before LT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372385)。
文摘In this study,the mechanism of zinc ions(Zn^(2+))effects on myofibrillar protein(MP)constitutive relationships and gel properties was investigated,and then the influence of Zn^(2+)on the edible quality of mutton meat products in the actual meat production process has been studied.The result showed that the protein solubility,emulsification properties,and particle size of samples supplemented Zn^(2+)decreased significantly(P<0.05)compared with the control group.Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope images found that a high concentration of Zn^(2+)(>0.6 mg/L)reduced the stability of the gel structure.Chemical force and molecular docking confirmed that Zn^(2+)increased the ionic and disulfide bonds of MP,and predicted the binding site between MP and Zn^(2+).With the increase in Zn^(2+)concentration,the edible quality of the mutton product(texture,tenderness,and water retention)showed a trend of first slightly increasing and then decreasing.Then sensory evaluation results indicated that mutton products with added moderate Zn^(2+)scored higher.During the cooking process,adding 0.4 mg/L of Zn^(2+)can optimize the edible quality of lamb products.This study provided a theoretical basis for the utilization of Zn^(2+)in mutton and meat products.
