The relationship between man and substances that have abuse potentials,and whose use has been associated with the development or progression of substance use disorders has continued to evolve in terms of geography,eco...The relationship between man and substances that have abuse potentials,and whose use has been associated with the development or progression of substance use disorders has continued to evolve in terms of geography,economic implications,and time.History shows that local plants with psychoactive constituents can get exported worldwide through global travel,commerce,or even conquest.Time and globalization also change people’s relationship with substances of abuse;hence,an area that was initially alien to certain substances might evolve to becoming a trafficking hub,and then a destination.A case in point is Africa where a rapidly increasing prevalence of substance use/abuse and substance use disorder among adolescents and young adults is putting enormous strain on the economy,healthcare system,and society at large.However,there appears to be a paucity of scientific literature and data on the epidemiology,risk assessment,and contributing factors to substance use and the development of substance use disorders across Africa.In this narrative review,we examine extant literature(PubMed,Google scholar,Medline)for information on the prevalence,trends,and influencers of substance use and the development of substance use disorders.This is with a view of understanding the determinants of substance use and factors that influence the development of substance use disorders in the region,and how this information can be channeled towards developing a comprehensive intervention and treatment program.展开更多
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and prostatic cancer are aging-associated urological conditions in men.While significant advances have been made in relation to treatment,poor response,treatment resistance and adverse...Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and prostatic cancer are aging-associated urological conditions in men.While significant advances have been made in relation to treatment,poor response,treatment resistance and adverse side-effects limit currently available therapies.The possible antiproliferative and/or ameliorative potentials of Juglans regia have been reported,however,there is a dearth of scientific information on its effect on BPH or prostatic cancer.In this study,in-vivo and in-vitro studies were used to assess the possible benefits of fresh walnut fruits extract in BPH or prostate cancer.High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electro spray ionization and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF)was used to assess the chemical profile of the plant extract.The anti-proliferative activity of Juglans regia extract was tested against normal and cancerous human prostate cell lines by using the iCELLigence real-time and label-free cell analysis system.The ameliorative potential of fresh fruits Juglans regia extract was assessed by administering the extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight to rats with testosterone induced BPH.Analysis of phytochemicals in Juglans regia revealed a high concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids,Juglans regia also showing time-and dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity against prostate cancer cells,and reversed biochemical and histomorphological changes induced by testosterone-induced BPH.展开更多
文摘The relationship between man and substances that have abuse potentials,and whose use has been associated with the development or progression of substance use disorders has continued to evolve in terms of geography,economic implications,and time.History shows that local plants with psychoactive constituents can get exported worldwide through global travel,commerce,or even conquest.Time and globalization also change people’s relationship with substances of abuse;hence,an area that was initially alien to certain substances might evolve to becoming a trafficking hub,and then a destination.A case in point is Africa where a rapidly increasing prevalence of substance use/abuse and substance use disorder among adolescents and young adults is putting enormous strain on the economy,healthcare system,and society at large.However,there appears to be a paucity of scientific literature and data on the epidemiology,risk assessment,and contributing factors to substance use and the development of substance use disorders across Africa.In this narrative review,we examine extant literature(PubMed,Google scholar,Medline)for information on the prevalence,trends,and influencers of substance use and the development of substance use disorders.This is with a view of understanding the determinants of substance use and factors that influence the development of substance use disorders in the region,and how this information can be channeled towards developing a comprehensive intervention and treatment program.
基金support provided by CICT of Universidad de Ja´en(UJA,MINECO,Junta de Andalucía,FEDER)is gratefully acknowledgedWe are grateful to PON MUR Ricerca Innovazione 2014-2020 for PhD funds of L.M.
文摘Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and prostatic cancer are aging-associated urological conditions in men.While significant advances have been made in relation to treatment,poor response,treatment resistance and adverse side-effects limit currently available therapies.The possible antiproliferative and/or ameliorative potentials of Juglans regia have been reported,however,there is a dearth of scientific information on its effect on BPH or prostatic cancer.In this study,in-vivo and in-vitro studies were used to assess the possible benefits of fresh walnut fruits extract in BPH or prostate cancer.High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electro spray ionization and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF)was used to assess the chemical profile of the plant extract.The anti-proliferative activity of Juglans regia extract was tested against normal and cancerous human prostate cell lines by using the iCELLigence real-time and label-free cell analysis system.The ameliorative potential of fresh fruits Juglans regia extract was assessed by administering the extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight to rats with testosterone induced BPH.Analysis of phytochemicals in Juglans regia revealed a high concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids,Juglans regia also showing time-and dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity against prostate cancer cells,and reversed biochemical and histomorphological changes induced by testosterone-induced BPH.
