In recent years,deep learning methods have gradually come to be used in hyperspectral imaging domains.Because of the peculiarity of hyperspectral imaging,a mass of information is contained in the spectral dimensions o...In recent years,deep learning methods have gradually come to be used in hyperspectral imaging domains.Because of the peculiarity of hyperspectral imaging,a mass of information is contained in the spectral dimensions of hyperspectral images.Also,different ob jects on a land surface are sensitive to different ranges of wavelength.To achieve higher accuracy in classification,we propose a structure that combines spectral sensitivity with a convolutional neural network by adding spectral weights derived from predicted outcomes before the final classification layer.First,samples are divided into visible light and infrared,with a portion of the samples fed into networks during training.Then,two key parameters,unrecognized rate(δ)and wrongly recognized rate(γ),are calculated from the predicted outcome of the whole scene.Next,the spectral weight,derived from these two parameters,is calculated.Finally,the spectral weight is added and an improved structure is constructed.The improved structure not only combines the features in spatial and spectral dimensions,but also gives spectral sensitivity a primary status.Compared with inputs from the whole spectrum,the improved structure attains a nearly 2%higher prediction accuracy.When applied to public data sets,compared with the whole spectrum,on the average we achieve approximately 1%higher accuracy.展开更多
This paper introduces and analyzes Korea＇s NGV （natural gas vehicles） policy for soot-free bus fleet which intends to promote CNG （compressed natural gas） bus in metropolitan area for the reduction of air polluti...This paper introduces and analyzes Korea＇s NGV （natural gas vehicles） policy for soot-free bus fleet which intends to promote CNG （compressed natural gas） bus in metropolitan area for the reduction of air pollution from road sector. At the early stage, Korean goverrmaent established various supporting policy systems to encourage public transportation companies to purchase CNG buses as a means to replace diesel buses. It was evaluated as very successful with making net economic benefit of CNG bus promotion policy. During the 2nd stage, Korean government implemented CNG hybrid bus promotion policy to further reduce both air pollution and greenhouse gas. Now, a new social demand for the vehicles is zero-emission vehicles. The author asserts that current FCEV （fuel cell electric vehicle） should be considered as an alternative to zero-emission vehicles in Korea and suggests policy recommendation for the promotion of FCEV by referring the current CNG bus promotion policy in public transportation sector.展开更多
The atomic-scale surface roughness of Si(110) reconstructed via high-temperature Ar annealing is immediately increased by non uniform accidental oxidation during the unloading process (called reflow oxidation) during ...The atomic-scale surface roughness of Si(110) reconstructed via high-temperature Ar annealing is immediately increased by non uniform accidental oxidation during the unloading process (called reflow oxidation) during high-temperature Ar annealing. In particular, for a reconstructed Si(110) surface, characteristic line-shaped oxidation occurs at preferential oxidation sites appearing in pentagonal pairs in the directions of Si[-112] and/or [-11-2]. We previously reported that the roughness increase of reconstructed Si(110) due to reflow oxidation can be restrained by replacing Ar gas with H2 gas at 1000°C during the cooling to 100°C after high-temperature Ar annealing. It was speculated that preferential oxidation sites on reconstructed Si(110) were eliminated by H2 gas etching and hydrogen termination of dangling bonds. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of H2 gas etching and hydrogen termination behavior on the reconstructed Si(110) surface structure. In this study, we evaluated in detail the relationship between the temperature at which the H2 gas replaces the Ar in high-temperature Ar annealing and the reconstructed Si(110) surface structure. The maximum height of the roughness on the reconstructed surface was the same as if Ar gas was used when the H2 gas introduction temperature was 200°C, although the amount of reflow oxidation was decreased to 70% by hydrogen termination. Furthermore, line-shaped oxidation still occurs when H2 gas replaces Ar at this low temperature. Therefore, we conclude that oxidation is caused by slight Si etching at low temperatures, and thus the preferential oxidation sites on the reconstructed structure must be eliminated by hydrogen etching in order to form an atomically smooth Si(110) surface.展开更多
In this article the authors prove theorem on Lifting for the set of virtual pure braid groups.This theorem says that if they know presentation of virtual pure braid group V P_(4),then they can find presentation of V P...In this article the authors prove theorem on Lifting for the set of virtual pure braid groups.This theorem says that if they know presentation of virtual pure braid group V P_(4),then they can find presentation of V Pnfor arbitrary n>4.Using this theorem they find the set of generators and defining relations for simplicial group T_(*)which was defined in[Bardakov,V.G.and Wu,J.,On virtual cabling and structure of 4-strand virtual pure braid group,J.Knot Theory and Ram.,29(10),2020,1-32].They find a decomposition of the Artin pure braid group P_(n)in semi-direct product of free groups in the cabled generators.展开更多
In this paper, the authors study further properties and applications of weighted homology and persistent homology. The Mayer-Vietoris sequence and generalized Bockstein spectral sequence for weighted homology are intr...In this paper, the authors study further properties and applications of weighted homology and persistent homology. The Mayer-Vietoris sequence and generalized Bockstein spectral sequence for weighted homology are introduced. For applications, the authors show an algorithm to construct a filtration of weighted simplicial complexes from a weighted network. They also prove a theorem to calculate the mod p^(2) weighted persistent homology provided with some information on the mod p weighted persistent homology.展开更多
The authors introduce a notion of a weak graph map homotopy(they call it M-homotopy),discuss its properties and applications.They prove that the weak graph map homotopy equivalence between graphs coincides with the gr...The authors introduce a notion of a weak graph map homotopy(they call it M-homotopy),discuss its properties and applications.They prove that the weak graph map homotopy equivalence between graphs coincides with the graph homotopy equivalence defined by Yau et al in 2001.The difference between them is that the weak graph map homotopy transformation is defined in terms of maps,while the graph homotopy transformation is defined by means of combinatorial operations.They discuss its advantages over the graph homotopy transformation.As its applications,they investigate the mapping class group of a graph and the 1-order M P-homotopy group of a pointed simple graph.Moreover,they show that the 1-order M P-homotopy group of a pointed simple graph is invariant up to the weak graph map homotopy equivalence.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23090203)the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0502600)the Key Program of Sichuan Bureau of Science and Technology(No.2018SZ0350),China。
文摘In recent years,deep learning methods have gradually come to be used in hyperspectral imaging domains.Because of the peculiarity of hyperspectral imaging,a mass of information is contained in the spectral dimensions of hyperspectral images.Also,different ob jects on a land surface are sensitive to different ranges of wavelength.To achieve higher accuracy in classification,we propose a structure that combines spectral sensitivity with a convolutional neural network by adding spectral weights derived from predicted outcomes before the final classification layer.First,samples are divided into visible light and infrared,with a portion of the samples fed into networks during training.Then,two key parameters,unrecognized rate(δ)and wrongly recognized rate(γ),are calculated from the predicted outcome of the whole scene.Next,the spectral weight,derived from these two parameters,is calculated.Finally,the spectral weight is added and an improved structure is constructed.The improved structure not only combines the features in spatial and spectral dimensions,but also gives spectral sensitivity a primary status.Compared with inputs from the whole spectrum,the improved structure attains a nearly 2%higher prediction accuracy.When applied to public data sets,compared with the whole spectrum,on the average we achieve approximately 1%higher accuracy.
文摘This paper introduces and analyzes Korea＇s NGV （natural gas vehicles） policy for soot-free bus fleet which intends to promote CNG （compressed natural gas） bus in metropolitan area for the reduction of air pollution from road sector. At the early stage, Korean goverrmaent established various supporting policy systems to encourage public transportation companies to purchase CNG buses as a means to replace diesel buses. It was evaluated as very successful with making net economic benefit of CNG bus promotion policy. During the 2nd stage, Korean government implemented CNG hybrid bus promotion policy to further reduce both air pollution and greenhouse gas. Now, a new social demand for the vehicles is zero-emission vehicles. The author asserts that current FCEV （fuel cell electric vehicle） should be considered as an alternative to zero-emission vehicles in Korea and suggests policy recommendation for the promotion of FCEV by referring the current CNG bus promotion policy in public transportation sector.
文摘The atomic-scale surface roughness of Si(110) reconstructed via high-temperature Ar annealing is immediately increased by non uniform accidental oxidation during the unloading process (called reflow oxidation) during high-temperature Ar annealing. In particular, for a reconstructed Si(110) surface, characteristic line-shaped oxidation occurs at preferential oxidation sites appearing in pentagonal pairs in the directions of Si[-112] and/or [-11-2]. We previously reported that the roughness increase of reconstructed Si(110) due to reflow oxidation can be restrained by replacing Ar gas with H2 gas at 1000°C during the cooling to 100°C after high-temperature Ar annealing. It was speculated that preferential oxidation sites on reconstructed Si(110) were eliminated by H2 gas etching and hydrogen termination of dangling bonds. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of H2 gas etching and hydrogen termination behavior on the reconstructed Si(110) surface structure. In this study, we evaluated in detail the relationship between the temperature at which the H2 gas replaces the Ar in high-temperature Ar annealing and the reconstructed Si(110) surface structure. The maximum height of the roughness on the reconstructed surface was the same as if Ar gas was used when the H2 gas introduction temperature was 200°C, although the amount of reflow oxidation was decreased to 70% by hydrogen termination. Furthermore, line-shaped oxidation still occurs when H2 gas replaces Ar at this low temperature. Therefore, we conclude that oxidation is caused by slight Si etching at low temperatures, and thus the preferential oxidation sites on the reconstructed structure must be eliminated by hydrogen etching in order to form an atomically smooth Si(110) surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11971144)the State Contract of the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics+2 种基金SB RAS(No.I.1.5,FWNF-2022-0009)the High-level Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei Provincethe Start-up Research Fund from Yanqi Lake Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications。
文摘In this article the authors prove theorem on Lifting for the set of virtual pure braid groups.This theorem says that if they know presentation of virtual pure braid group V P_(4),then they can find presentation of V Pnfor arbitrary n>4.Using this theorem they find the set of generators and defining relations for simplicial group T_(*)which was defined in[Bardakov,V.G.and Wu,J.,On virtual cabling and structure of 4-strand virtual pure braid group,J.Knot Theory and Ram.,29(10),2020,1-32].They find a decomposition of the Artin pure braid group P_(n)in semi-direct product of free groups in the cabled generators.
基金This work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Research Grant(AcRF Tier 1 WBS No.R-146-000-222-112)the Postdoctoral International Exchange Program of China 2019 Project from the Office of China Postdoctoral Council+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundationthe President’s Graduate Fellowship of National University of Singaporethe Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11971144,12001310)High-Level Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei ProvinceChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019-2021)。
文摘In this paper, the authors study further properties and applications of weighted homology and persistent homology. The Mayer-Vietoris sequence and generalized Bockstein spectral sequence for weighted homology are introduced. For applications, the authors show an algorithm to construct a filtration of weighted simplicial complexes from a weighted network. They also prove a theorem to calculate the mod p^(2) weighted persistent homology provided with some information on the mod p weighted persistent homology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11771116)。
文摘The authors introduce a notion of a weak graph map homotopy(they call it M-homotopy),discuss its properties and applications.They prove that the weak graph map homotopy equivalence between graphs coincides with the graph homotopy equivalence defined by Yau et al in 2001.The difference between them is that the weak graph map homotopy transformation is defined in terms of maps,while the graph homotopy transformation is defined by means of combinatorial operations.They discuss its advantages over the graph homotopy transformation.As its applications,they investigate the mapping class group of a graph and the 1-order M P-homotopy group of a pointed simple graph.Moreover,they show that the 1-order M P-homotopy group of a pointed simple graph is invariant up to the weak graph map homotopy equivalence.
