Water striders inhabit the elastic surface tension film of water, sharing their environment with other aquatic organisms. Their survival relies heavily on swift maneuverability and navigation around floating obstacles...Water striders inhabit the elastic surface tension film of water, sharing their environment with other aquatic organisms. Their survival relies heavily on swift maneuverability and navigation around floating obstacles, which aids in the exploration of their habitat and in escaping from potential threats. Their high agility is strongly based on the ability to execute precise turns, enabling effective directional control. This paper investigates the intricate coordination of leg movements essential for initiating and sustaining turning maneuvers in water striders. We elucidate the distinct roles of each leg in modulating posture and stability during turns, with a focus on the pivotal role of the midlegs in maintaining directional movement. Through analysis of leg accelerations, decelerations, and load distribution, we unveil the spatiotemporal dynamics governing successful turns. Our findings reveal refined turning strategies employed by water striders in varying situations, from narrow to wide turns, characterized by adaptations in their locomotor system, particularly in the widening of the sculling field. Additionally, we report the phenomenon of reverse sculling, a novel escape tactic of water striders. By shedding light on the maneuverability of water striders, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of animal locomotion strategies in aquatic environments.展开更多
Layered oxides have attracted significant attention as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their compositional versatility and tuneable electrochemical performance.However,these materials still face challeng...Layered oxides have attracted significant attention as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their compositional versatility and tuneable electrochemical performance.However,these materials still face challenges such as structural phase transitions,Na^(+)/vacancy ordering,and Jahn–Teller distortion effect,resulting in severe capacity decay and sluggish ion kinetics.We develop a novel Cu/Y dual-doping strategy that leads to the formation of"Na–Y"interlayer aggregates,which act as structural pillars within alkali metal layers,enhancing structural stability and disrupting the ordered arrangement of Na^(+)/vacancies.This disruption leads to a unique coexistence of ordered and disordered Na^(+)/vacancy states with near-zero strain,which significantly improves Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.This structural innovation not only mitigates the unfavorable P2–O2 phase transition but also facilitates rapid ion transport.As a result,the doped material demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,including an ultra-long cycle life of 3000 cycles at 10 C and an outstanding high-rate capability of~70 mAh g^(−1)at 50 C.The discovery of this novel interlayer pillar,along with its role in modulating Na^(+)/vacancy arrangements,provides a fresh perspective on engineering layered oxides.It opens up promising new pathways for the structural design of advanced cathode materials toward efficient,stable,and high-rate SIBs.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively evaluate randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating the effects of moxibustion on people with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted across...OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively evaluate randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating the effects of moxibustion on people with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted across eight electronic databases up to August 20,2024.The primary outcome were all-cause mortality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related mortality.Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts,and extracted data onto a pre-designed datasheet.Discrepancies were resolved through consensus.The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was used to assess methodological quality,Meta-analysis was performed when appropriate,and the quality of evidence was assessed through Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations approach.RESULTS:Eleven RCTs(n=834)on moxibustion for HIV/AIDS were included,focusing on individuals with HIV infection(5 RCTs,n=426),AIDS patients(3 RCTs,n=223),or both(3 RCTs,n=185).Complications identified included diarrhea(5 RCTs),pulmonary infection(1 RCT),anxiety and depression(1 RCT)and peripheral neuropathy(1 RCT).The risk of bias in the included RCTs was assessed as either high or uncertain.No trial reported mortality or the incidence of AIDS-related complications following treatment.Wheat-grain sized cone moxibustion was associated with increased CD4+counts in patients with lung infections[1 RCT,n=36,mean difference(MD)=78.83 cells/μL].Individual studies reported improvements of quality of life,as measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF)and WHOQOL HIV instrument,with various moxibustion types,but clinical heterogeneity prevented data pooling.Additionally,some studies reported symptom improvement,each using different criteria for symptom improvement.Moxa stick moxibustion plus Western Medicine compared with Western Medicine alone showed a non-significant trend towards improved symptom resolution[2 RCTs,n=125,risk ratio=1.19,95%confidence interval(0.99,1.43)].Moxibustion plus antiretroviral therapy(ART)may reduce gastrointestinal adverse events compared to ART alone[1 RCT,n=10014%vs 32%,P<0.05].The quality of evidence was low to very low.CONCLUSION:This systematic review suggests that moxibustion as an adjunct therapy may have potential benefits in improving immune function and quality of life for HIV/AIDS patients.Limited quality of evidence precludes definitive conclusions,and further high-quality research is needed.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted considerable research interest due to their precisely defined properties and versatile applications.In this realm,borophene-a single atomic sheet of boron atoms arranged in ...Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted considerable research interest due to their precisely defined properties and versatile applications.In this realm,borophene-a single atomic sheet of boron atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice-has emerged as a promising candidate.While borophenes were theoretically predicted to have unique structural,optical,and electronic properties,the experimental synthesis of crystalline borophene sheets was first demonstrated on metal substrates in 2015,marking a crucial milestone.Since then,research efforts have focused on controlling the synthesis of semiconducting borophene polymorphs and exploring their novel physical characteristics.This review aims to explore the potential of 2D materials,specifically borophene,in various technological fields such as batteries,supercapacitors,fuel cells,and more.The analysis emphasises meticulous scrutiny of synthesis techniques due to their fundamental importance in realising borophene's properties.Specifically,the high carrier mobilities,tuneable bandgaps,and exceptional thermal conductivity of borophene are highlighted.By providing a comprehensive outlook on the significance of borophene in advancing materials science and technologies,this review contributes to shaping the landscape of 2D material research.展开更多
The accurate assessment of cardiac motion is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular diseases.In this context,digital volume correlation(DVC)has emerged as a promising technique for tracking cardiac motio...The accurate assessment of cardiac motion is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular diseases.In this context,digital volume correlation(DVC)has emerged as a promising technique for tracking cardiac motion from cardiac computed tomography angiographic(CTA)images.This paper presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of the DVC method,specifically focusing on tracking the motion of the left atrium using cardiac CTA data.The study employed a comparative experimental approach while simultaneously optimizing the existing DVC algorithm.Multiple sets of controlled experiments were designed to conduct quantitative analyses on the parameters“radius”and“step”.The results revealed that the optimized DVC algorithm enhanced tracking accuracy within a reasonable computational time.These findings contributed to the understanding of the efficacy and limitations of the DVC algorithm in analyzing heart deformation.展开更多
背景:在2004年,全球估计有1710万人死于心血管疾病。根据美国心脏病协会的数据,心脏病与中风是2型糖尿病患者的首要致死及致残因素。寻找更多的安全有效的心血管疾病治疗方案对于该疾病的预防和治疗十分必要,营养补充品是可行方案之一...背景:在2004年,全球估计有1710万人死于心血管疾病。根据美国心脏病协会的数据,心脏病与中风是2型糖尿病患者的首要致死及致残因素。寻找更多的安全有效的心血管疾病治疗方案对于该疾病的预防和治疗十分必要,营养补充品是可行方案之一。目的:探讨菠萝蛋白酶(一种食品补充品)对心血管疾病的预防和治疗作用。检索策略:2009年9月至2010年3月进行电子与手工检索。检索的数据库包括Ovid MEDLINE;All EBMReviews-Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(Cochrane DSR)、American College of Physicians(ACP)Journal Club、Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects(DARE)、Cochrane Central Register ofControlled Trials(CCTR)、Cochrane Methodology Register(CMR)、Health Technology Assessment(HTA)和National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database(NHSEED);Allied and ComplementaryMedicine(AMED)、British Nursing Index and Archive、EMBASE、Health Management InformationConsortium(HMIC)、ScienceDirect和Electronic Thesis Online Services(ETHOS)。检索语言限定为英文。纳入标准:有关菠萝蛋白酶用于预防或治疗心脑血管疾病的随机对照试验、人体研究、动物研究与实验性研究。资料提取与分析:3位作者分别对检索到的文章进行文献质量评估并提取文献资料。所收集的资料包括实验种类、用药剂量、治疗周期、测量指标、研究结果、菠萝蛋白酶的特征、结果的意义与研究结论。结果:在搜索到的223篇文章中,只有6篇文章符合纳入标准。包括3项动物实验和3项人体试验。菠萝蛋白酶可用来治疗急性血栓性静脉炎,因为它可减少血液中的纤维蛋白原含量,降低血小板聚集度,有保护心脏的作用,并能够改善动脉壁的结构,避免由凝血酶所诱发的血小板聚集,减少血栓的形成。结论:迄今为止,没有菠萝蛋白酶用于心血管疾病治疗的高质量的人体研究。在1948年至2010年间所发表的有关菠萝蛋白酶与心血管疾病的研究的数量极为有限。在未来的心血管疾病研究中这可能是一个值得探索的领域。展开更多
Liver fibrosis is characterised by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix that interrupts normal liver functionality. It is a pathological stage in several untreated chronic liver diseases such as the iron overl...Liver fibrosis is characterised by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix that interrupts normal liver functionality. It is a pathological stage in several untreated chronic liver diseases such as the iron overload syndrome hereditary haemochromatosis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetes. Interestingly, regardless of the aetiology, iron-loading is frequently observed in chronic liver diseases. Excess iron can feed the Fenton reaction to generate unquenchable amounts of free radicals that cause grave cellular and tissue damage and thereby contribute to fibrosis. Moreover, excess iron can induce fibrosis-promoting signals in the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, which accelerate disease progression and exacerbate liver pathology. Fibrosis regression is achievable following treatment, but if untreated or unsuccessful, it can progress to the irreversible cirrhotic stage leading to organ failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, where resection or transplantation remain the only curative options. Therefore,understanding the role of iron in liver fibrosis is extremely essential as it can help in formulating iron-related diagnostic, prognostic and treatment strategies. These can be implemented in isolation or in combination with the current approaches to prepone detection, and halt or decelerate fibrosis progression before it reaches the irreparable stage. Thus, this review narrates the role of iron in liver fibrosis. It examines the underlying mechanisms by which excess iron can facilitate fibrotic responses. It describes the role of iron in various clinical pathologies and lastly,highlights the significance and potential of iron-related proteins in the diagnosis and therapeutics of liver fibrosis.展开更多
Tracking maneuvering target in real time autonomously and accurately in an uncertain environment is one of the challenging missions for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In this paper,aiming to address the control proble...Tracking maneuvering target in real time autonomously and accurately in an uncertain environment is one of the challenging missions for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In this paper,aiming to address the control problem of maneuvering target tracking and obstacle avoidance,an online path planning approach for UAV is developed based on deep reinforcement learning.Through end-to-end learning powered by neural networks,the proposed approach can achieve the perception of the environment and continuous motion output control.This proposed approach includes:(1)A deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)-based control framework to provide learning and autonomous decision-making capability for UAVs;(2)An improved method named MN-DDPG for introducing a type of mixed noises to assist UAV with exploring stochastic strategies for online optimal planning;and(3)An algorithm of taskdecomposition and pre-training for efficient transfer learning to improve the generalization capability of UAV’s control model built based on MN-DDPG.The experimental simulation results have verified that the proposed approach can achieve good self-adaptive adjustment of UAV’s flight attitude in the tasks of maneuvering target tracking with a significant improvement in generalization capability and training efficiency of UAV tracking controller in uncertain environments.展开更多
With rising population,decline in soil productivity and land-based conflicts,the per-capita land availability for cultivation is rapidly decreasing within Benue State,a largely agrarian and small-holder setting.This s...With rising population,decline in soil productivity and land-based conflicts,the per-capita land availability for cultivation is rapidly decreasing within Benue State,a largely agrarian and small-holder setting.This study attempts a local-level support for the actualisation of Sustainable Development Goal Number 2(“end hunger,achieve food security and improved nutrition,and promote sustainable agriculture”)by 2030.Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making(MCDM)method,remote sensing data from Climate Research Unit(CRU)and in-situ data from Nigeria Meteorological Agency(NIMET)were analyzed by GIS techniques to map the suitability of rice cultivation in the study area,with the integration of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),land cover,slope,temperature,precipitation and soil parameters(cation exchange capacity,pH,bulk density,organic carbon).We apply the various statistical parameters that include mean spatial NDVI;correlation coefficient,standard deviation and Root Mean Square(RMS)between CRU and NIMET data.Spatial regression trend analysis is conducted between CRU precipitation and NDVI and between CRU temperature and NDVI from 1985 to 2015.The results reveal that NDVI in highly suitable rice planting regions is higher than marginally suitable regions except in the months of October and November,which shows that the highly suitable regions will yield better than the marginally suitable regions during the dry season.Additionally,NDVI is seasonally bimodal in response to precipitation,meaning that vegetation vigor is more dependent on precipitation than temperature.Finally,the correlation coefficient,standard deviation and RMS between CRU and NIMET precipitation data shows 0.42,108,and 110,respectively,while these three factors between CRU and NIMET temperature data shows 0.88,1.60,and 0.86,respectively.In conclusion,the MCDM approach reveals that upland is more suitable for rice cultivation in Benue State when comparing with the area provided by the Global Land Cover and National Mappings Organization(GLCNMO)data.展开更多
文摘Water striders inhabit the elastic surface tension film of water, sharing their environment with other aquatic organisms. Their survival relies heavily on swift maneuverability and navigation around floating obstacles, which aids in the exploration of their habitat and in escaping from potential threats. Their high agility is strongly based on the ability to execute precise turns, enabling effective directional control. This paper investigates the intricate coordination of leg movements essential for initiating and sustaining turning maneuvers in water striders. We elucidate the distinct roles of each leg in modulating posture and stability during turns, with a focus on the pivotal role of the midlegs in maintaining directional movement. Through analysis of leg accelerations, decelerations, and load distribution, we unveil the spatiotemporal dynamics governing successful turns. Our findings reveal refined turning strategies employed by water striders in varying situations, from narrow to wide turns, characterized by adaptations in their locomotor system, particularly in the widening of the sculling field. Additionally, we report the phenomenon of reverse sculling, a novel escape tactic of water striders. By shedding light on the maneuverability of water striders, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of animal locomotion strategies in aquatic environments.
基金supported by the “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang Province of China (No. 2024C01056)the support from London South Bank University
文摘Layered oxides have attracted significant attention as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their compositional versatility and tuneable electrochemical performance.However,these materials still face challenges such as structural phase transitions,Na^(+)/vacancy ordering,and Jahn–Teller distortion effect,resulting in severe capacity decay and sluggish ion kinetics.We develop a novel Cu/Y dual-doping strategy that leads to the formation of"Na–Y"interlayer aggregates,which act as structural pillars within alkali metal layers,enhancing structural stability and disrupting the ordered arrangement of Na^(+)/vacancies.This disruption leads to a unique coexistence of ordered and disordered Na^(+)/vacancy states with near-zero strain,which significantly improves Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.This structural innovation not only mitigates the unfavorable P2–O2 phase transition but also facilitates rapid ion transport.As a result,the doped material demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,including an ultra-long cycle life of 3000 cycles at 10 C and an outstanding high-rate capability of~70 mAh g^(−1)at 50 C.The discovery of this novel interlayer pillar,along with its role in modulating Na^(+)/vacancy arrangements,provides a fresh perspective on engineering layered oxides.It opens up promising new pathways for the structural design of advanced cathode materials toward efficient,stable,and high-rate SIBs.
基金High-level Traditional Chinese Medicine key subjects construction project of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(zyyzdxk-2023249)vip Professor of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(20210017)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively evaluate randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating the effects of moxibustion on people with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease.METHODS:A systematic search was conducted across eight electronic databases up to August 20,2024.The primary outcome were all-cause mortality and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related mortality.Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts,and extracted data onto a pre-designed datasheet.Discrepancies were resolved through consensus.The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was used to assess methodological quality,Meta-analysis was performed when appropriate,and the quality of evidence was assessed through Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations approach.RESULTS:Eleven RCTs(n=834)on moxibustion for HIV/AIDS were included,focusing on individuals with HIV infection(5 RCTs,n=426),AIDS patients(3 RCTs,n=223),or both(3 RCTs,n=185).Complications identified included diarrhea(5 RCTs),pulmonary infection(1 RCT),anxiety and depression(1 RCT)and peripheral neuropathy(1 RCT).The risk of bias in the included RCTs was assessed as either high or uncertain.No trial reported mortality or the incidence of AIDS-related complications following treatment.Wheat-grain sized cone moxibustion was associated with increased CD4+counts in patients with lung infections[1 RCT,n=36,mean difference(MD)=78.83 cells/μL].Individual studies reported improvements of quality of life,as measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF)and WHOQOL HIV instrument,with various moxibustion types,but clinical heterogeneity prevented data pooling.Additionally,some studies reported symptom improvement,each using different criteria for symptom improvement.Moxa stick moxibustion plus Western Medicine compared with Western Medicine alone showed a non-significant trend towards improved symptom resolution[2 RCTs,n=125,risk ratio=1.19,95%confidence interval(0.99,1.43)].Moxibustion plus antiretroviral therapy(ART)may reduce gastrointestinal adverse events compared to ART alone[1 RCT,n=10014%vs 32%,P<0.05].The quality of evidence was low to very low.CONCLUSION:This systematic review suggests that moxibustion as an adjunct therapy may have potential benefits in improving immune function and quality of life for HIV/AIDS patients.Limited quality of evidence precludes definitive conclusions,and further high-quality research is needed.
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted considerable research interest due to their precisely defined properties and versatile applications.In this realm,borophene-a single atomic sheet of boron atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice-has emerged as a promising candidate.While borophenes were theoretically predicted to have unique structural,optical,and electronic properties,the experimental synthesis of crystalline borophene sheets was first demonstrated on metal substrates in 2015,marking a crucial milestone.Since then,research efforts have focused on controlling the synthesis of semiconducting borophene polymorphs and exploring their novel physical characteristics.This review aims to explore the potential of 2D materials,specifically borophene,in various technological fields such as batteries,supercapacitors,fuel cells,and more.The analysis emphasises meticulous scrutiny of synthesis techniques due to their fundamental importance in realising borophene's properties.Specifically,the high carrier mobilities,tuneable bandgaps,and exceptional thermal conductivity of borophene are highlighted.By providing a comprehensive outlook on the significance of borophene in advancing materials science and technologies,this review contributes to shaping the landscape of 2D material research.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC)(Grant No.DP200103492)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172089,12372307,and 61821002)+2 种基金Medical Research Future Fund(Grant Nos.2016165 and 2023977)the CBT Early Career Researcher Grant funded and the Roland Bishop Biomedical Engineering Research Award by Queensland University of Technologythe Springboard Funding and the Global Collaboration Funding by London South Bank University.Computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the High-Performance Computing and Research Support Group,Queensland University of Technology,Brisbane,Australia.
文摘The accurate assessment of cardiac motion is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring cardiovascular diseases.In this context,digital volume correlation(DVC)has emerged as a promising technique for tracking cardiac motion from cardiac computed tomography angiographic(CTA)images.This paper presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of the DVC method,specifically focusing on tracking the motion of the left atrium using cardiac CTA data.The study employed a comparative experimental approach while simultaneously optimizing the existing DVC algorithm.Multiple sets of controlled experiments were designed to conduct quantitative analyses on the parameters“radius”and“step”.The results revealed that the optimized DVC algorithm enhanced tracking accuracy within a reasonable computational time.These findings contributed to the understanding of the efficacy and limitations of the DVC algorithm in analyzing heart deformation.
文摘背景:在2004年,全球估计有1710万人死于心血管疾病。根据美国心脏病协会的数据,心脏病与中风是2型糖尿病患者的首要致死及致残因素。寻找更多的安全有效的心血管疾病治疗方案对于该疾病的预防和治疗十分必要,营养补充品是可行方案之一。目的:探讨菠萝蛋白酶(一种食品补充品)对心血管疾病的预防和治疗作用。检索策略:2009年9月至2010年3月进行电子与手工检索。检索的数据库包括Ovid MEDLINE;All EBMReviews-Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(Cochrane DSR)、American College of Physicians(ACP)Journal Club、Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects(DARE)、Cochrane Central Register ofControlled Trials(CCTR)、Cochrane Methodology Register(CMR)、Health Technology Assessment(HTA)和National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database(NHSEED);Allied and ComplementaryMedicine(AMED)、British Nursing Index and Archive、EMBASE、Health Management InformationConsortium(HMIC)、ScienceDirect和Electronic Thesis Online Services(ETHOS)。检索语言限定为英文。纳入标准:有关菠萝蛋白酶用于预防或治疗心脑血管疾病的随机对照试验、人体研究、动物研究与实验性研究。资料提取与分析:3位作者分别对检索到的文章进行文献质量评估并提取文献资料。所收集的资料包括实验种类、用药剂量、治疗周期、测量指标、研究结果、菠萝蛋白酶的特征、结果的意义与研究结论。结果:在搜索到的223篇文章中,只有6篇文章符合纳入标准。包括3项动物实验和3项人体试验。菠萝蛋白酶可用来治疗急性血栓性静脉炎,因为它可减少血液中的纤维蛋白原含量,降低血小板聚集度,有保护心脏的作用,并能够改善动脉壁的结构,避免由凝血酶所诱发的血小板聚集,减少血栓的形成。结论:迄今为止,没有菠萝蛋白酶用于心血管疾病治疗的高质量的人体研究。在1948年至2010年间所发表的有关菠萝蛋白酶与心血管疾病的研究的数量极为有限。在未来的心血管疾病研究中这可能是一个值得探索的领域。
文摘Liver fibrosis is characterised by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix that interrupts normal liver functionality. It is a pathological stage in several untreated chronic liver diseases such as the iron overload syndrome hereditary haemochromatosis, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetes. Interestingly, regardless of the aetiology, iron-loading is frequently observed in chronic liver diseases. Excess iron can feed the Fenton reaction to generate unquenchable amounts of free radicals that cause grave cellular and tissue damage and thereby contribute to fibrosis. Moreover, excess iron can induce fibrosis-promoting signals in the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, which accelerate disease progression and exacerbate liver pathology. Fibrosis regression is achievable following treatment, but if untreated or unsuccessful, it can progress to the irreversible cirrhotic stage leading to organ failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, where resection or transplantation remain the only curative options. Therefore,understanding the role of iron in liver fibrosis is extremely essential as it can help in formulating iron-related diagnostic, prognostic and treatment strategies. These can be implemented in isolation or in combination with the current approaches to prepone detection, and halt or decelerate fibrosis progression before it reaches the irreparable stage. Thus, this review narrates the role of iron in liver fibrosis. It examines the underlying mechanisms by which excess iron can facilitate fibrotic responses. It describes the role of iron in various clinical pathologies and lastly,highlights the significance and potential of iron-related proteins in the diagnosis and therapeutics of liver fibrosis.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61573285,No.62003267)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2017ZC53021)+1 种基金Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Data Link Technology of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation(Grant No.CLDL-20182101)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2020JQ-220)to provide fund for conducting experiments.
文摘Tracking maneuvering target in real time autonomously and accurately in an uncertain environment is one of the challenging missions for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In this paper,aiming to address the control problem of maneuvering target tracking and obstacle avoidance,an online path planning approach for UAV is developed based on deep reinforcement learning.Through end-to-end learning powered by neural networks,the proposed approach can achieve the perception of the environment and continuous motion output control.This proposed approach includes:(1)A deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)-based control framework to provide learning and autonomous decision-making capability for UAVs;(2)An improved method named MN-DDPG for introducing a type of mixed noises to assist UAV with exploring stochastic strategies for online optimal planning;and(3)An algorithm of taskdecomposition and pre-training for efficient transfer learning to improve the generalization capability of UAV’s control model built based on MN-DDPG.The experimental simulation results have verified that the proposed approach can achieve good self-adaptive adjustment of UAV’s flight attitude in the tasks of maneuvering target tracking with a significant improvement in generalization capability and training efficiency of UAV tracking controller in uncertain environments.
文摘With rising population,decline in soil productivity and land-based conflicts,the per-capita land availability for cultivation is rapidly decreasing within Benue State,a largely agrarian and small-holder setting.This study attempts a local-level support for the actualisation of Sustainable Development Goal Number 2(“end hunger,achieve food security and improved nutrition,and promote sustainable agriculture”)by 2030.Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making(MCDM)method,remote sensing data from Climate Research Unit(CRU)and in-situ data from Nigeria Meteorological Agency(NIMET)were analyzed by GIS techniques to map the suitability of rice cultivation in the study area,with the integration of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),land cover,slope,temperature,precipitation and soil parameters(cation exchange capacity,pH,bulk density,organic carbon).We apply the various statistical parameters that include mean spatial NDVI;correlation coefficient,standard deviation and Root Mean Square(RMS)between CRU and NIMET data.Spatial regression trend analysis is conducted between CRU precipitation and NDVI and between CRU temperature and NDVI from 1985 to 2015.The results reveal that NDVI in highly suitable rice planting regions is higher than marginally suitable regions except in the months of October and November,which shows that the highly suitable regions will yield better than the marginally suitable regions during the dry season.Additionally,NDVI is seasonally bimodal in response to precipitation,meaning that vegetation vigor is more dependent on precipitation than temperature.Finally,the correlation coefficient,standard deviation and RMS between CRU and NIMET precipitation data shows 0.42,108,and 110,respectively,while these three factors between CRU and NIMET temperature data shows 0.88,1.60,and 0.86,respectively.In conclusion,the MCDM approach reveals that upland is more suitable for rice cultivation in Benue State when comparing with the area provided by the Global Land Cover and National Mappings Organization(GLCNMO)data.
