The development of potential theory heightens the understanding of fundamental interactions in quantum systems.In this paper,the bound state solution of the modified radial Klein–Gordon equation is presented for gene...The development of potential theory heightens the understanding of fundamental interactions in quantum systems.In this paper,the bound state solution of the modified radial Klein–Gordon equation is presented for generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential from the Nikiforov–Uvarov method.The resulting energy eigenvalues and corresponding radial wave functions are expressed in terms of the Jacobi polynomials for arbitrary l states.It is also demonstrated that energy eigenvalues strongly correlate with potential parameters for quantum states.Considering particular cases,the generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential and its derived energy eigenvalues exhibit good agreement with the reported findings.Furthermore,the rovibrational energies are calculated for three representative diatomic molecules,namely H2,HCl and O2.The lowest excitation energies are in perfect agreement with experimental results.Overall,the potential model is displayed to be a viable candidate for concurrently prescribing numerous quantum systems.展开更多
This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique.Five triboelectric nanogenerator prot...This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique.Five triboelectric nanogenerator prototypes were created:one with regular nylon and four with nylon/Fe_(3)O_(4) nanocomposites featuring varying nanoparticle densities.The electrical output,measured by open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current,showed significant improvements in the nanocomposite-based triboelectric nanogenerators compared to the nylon-only triboelectric nanogenerator.When a weak magnetic field was applied during nanocomposite preparation,the maximum voltage and current reached 56.3 V and 4.62μA,respectively.Further analysis revealed that the magnetic field during the drying process aligned the magnetic domains,boosting output efficiency.These findings demonstrate the potential of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles to enhance electrostatic and magnetic interactions in triboelectric nanogenerators,leading to improved energy-harvesting performance.This approach presents a promising strategy for developing high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy and sensor applications.展开更多
Y_2O_3 nanoparticles were investigated using low temperature thermoluminescence (TL) experiments. TL glow curve recorded at constant heating rate of 0.4 K/s exhibits seven peaks around 19, 62, 91,115,162,196 and 215 K...Y_2O_3 nanoparticles were investigated using low temperature thermoluminescence (TL) experiments. TL glow curve recorded at constant heating rate of 0.4 K/s exhibits seven peaks around 19, 62, 91,115,162,196 and 215 K. Activation energies and characteristics of traps responsible for observed curves were revealed under the light of results of initial rise analyses and T_(max)-T_(stop) experimental methods. Analyses of TL curves obtained at different stopping temperatures resulted in presence of one quasi-continuously distributed trap with activation energies increasing from 18 to 24 meV and six single trapping centers at49, 117, 315, 409, 651 and 740 meV. Activation energies of all revealed centers were reported in the present paper. Structural characterization of Y_2O_3 nanoparticles was accomplished using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy measurements.展开更多
Small high-quality Au/n type-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes （SBDs） with low reverse leakage current are produced using lithography. Their effective barrier heights （BHs） and ideality factors from current-voltage （...Small high-quality Au/n type-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes （SBDs） with low reverse leakage current are produced using lithography. Their effective barrier heights （BHs） and ideality factors from current-voltage （I-V） characteristics are measured by a Pico ampere meter and home-built I-V instrument. In spite of the identical preparation of the diodes there is a diode-to-diode variation in ideality factor and barrier height parameters. Measurement of topology of a surface of a thin metal film with atomic force microscope （AFM） shows that Au-n type-GaAS SD consists of a set of parallel-connected micro and nanocontacts diodes with sizes approximately in a range of 100-200 nm. Between barrier height and ideality factor there is an inversely proportional dependency. With the diameter of contact increasing from 5 μm up to 200 μm, the barrier height increases from 0.833 up to 0.933 eV and its ideality factor decreases from 1.11 down to 1.006. These dependencies show the reduction of the contribution of the peripheral current with the diameter of contact increasing. We find the effect of series resistance on barrier height and ideality factor.展开更多
The paper deals with a development of the discrete-analytical method for the solution of the dynamical problems of a hollow sphere with inhomogeneous initial stresses.The examinations are made with respect to the prob...The paper deals with a development of the discrete-analytical method for the solution of the dynamical problems of a hollow sphere with inhomogeneous initial stresses.The examinations are made with respect to the problem on the natural vibration of the hollow sphere the initial stresses in which is caused by internal and external uniformly distributed pressure.The initial stresses in the sphere are determined within the scope of the exact equations of elastostatics.It is assumed that after appearing this static initial stresses the sphere gets a dynamical excitation and mechanical behavior of the sphere caused by this excitation is described with the so-called three-dimensional linearized equations of elastic wave propagation in initially stressed bodies.For the solution of these equations,which have variable coefficients,the discrete analytical solution method is developed and applied.In particular,it is established that the convergence of the numerical results with respect to the number of discretization is very acceptable and applicable for the considered type dynamical problems.Numerical results on the influence of the initial stresses on the values of the natural frequencies of the hollow sphere are also presented and these results are discussed.展开更多
This study focuses on the geochemistry of trace elements and parameters of coal quality of bituminous coal belonging to the upper Triassic-lower Jurassic era, collected from the Galandrud region in Central Alborz, nor...This study focuses on the geochemistry of trace elements and parameters of coal quality of bituminous coal belonging to the upper Triassic-lower Jurassic era, collected from the Galandrud region in Central Alborz, northern Iran. Galandrud coal on an air-dried basis are characterized by broad variation in the amount of ash （ranging from 6.49g to 12.73%）, a high content of volatile matter （33,32-37.45%） and high gross calorific values （7430-8880 kcal/kg）. The mineral matter of the coal samples studied is made up of dolomite （〉909g）, quartz, sphalerite, galena, pyrite and clay minerals. Major elements are positively cor- related with ash content suggesting an association with inorganic constituents. Based on statistical anal- yses, concentrations of trace elements such as Co （51.3 ×10^-6-152.9× 10^-6）, Ba （368× 10^-6-3297.4×10^-6）, Cr （65.5 ×10^-6-194.2 × 10^-6）, Mo （5.6 × 10^-6-18.2× 10^-6）, Hi （72.9 × 10^-6-152.9 × 10^-6） and V （245.5 × 10^-6-520 ×10^-6） are higher than world coal averages. However, low concentration of some vol- atile elements such as As, Hg and U are present in low concentrations of the various types of coal studied.展开更多
In the present study we had an aim to develop the methods of functionalizing the surface of magnetite nanoparticles with cefotaxime and ceftriaxone antibiotics. The quantitative analysis of the nanostructured cephalos...In the present study we had an aim to develop the methods of functionalizing the surface of magnetite nanoparticles with cefotaxime and ceftriaxone antibiotics. The quantitative analysis of the nanostructured cephalosporins was determined by Atom Absorbance Spectroscopy (AAS) and based on the Lambert-Beer law. The engineered nanostructures were tested on gram-negative microorganisms Klebsiella spp., of Enterobacteriaceae, and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, each having multi-drug resistance properties.展开更多
The interfering kinetics of the coherent synchronous reactions of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and the oxidation of pyridine derivatives have been studied experimentally.The regions of the selective oxidation of th...The interfering kinetics of the coherent synchronous reactions of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and the oxidation of pyridine derivatives have been studied experimentally.The regions of the selective oxidation of the pyridine derivatives have been found,and the optimal conditions for the production of4-vynilpyridine,4-vynilpyridine N-monoxide,2,2-dipyridyl,and pyridine have been determined.The most probable synchronization mechanism is suggested for hydrogen peroxide decomposition and the free-radical chain oxidation of pyridine derivatives.The HO2-radical plays the key role in this mechanism.The activation energies are calculated for the elementary steps of 4-ethylpyridine dehydrogenation.展开更多
The copolymer of the maleic anhydride-styrene is modified at the presence of 4-amino-2-thiouracil and formaldehyde and the new polymeric sorbate with spatial structure is received. The received sorbate is identified b...The copolymer of the maleic anhydride-styrene is modified at the presence of 4-amino-2-thiouracil and formaldehyde and the new polymeric sorbate with spatial structure is received. The received sorbate is identified by the IR-spectroscopy method. The complete static sorption capacitance was studied (CSSC<sup>+</sup>K</sub>= 7.8 mmol/g) and the ionization constants of ionic groups in a sorbate link was defined by electrometric method. Ionization constants were determined by potentiometric titration of the sorbent (). Sorption and desorption of the received sorbent with a lead ion (II) are investigated and optimum concentration conditions are defined: рН<sub>opt.</sub> = 5, ionic force μ = 0.8 pier/l, full sorption balance 4 hours, optimum eluent 5 ml of 0.5 M HCl.展开更多
In this work, we have investigated the electronic and optical properties of the technologically important rare earth oxide compounds—X2O3 (X: Gd, Tb) using the density functional theory within the GGA. The band struc...In this work, we have investigated the electronic and optical properties of the technologically important rare earth oxide compounds—X2O3 (X: Gd, Tb) using the density functional theory within the GGA. The band structure of X2O3 have been calculated along high symmetry directions in the first brillouin zone. The real and imaginary parts of dilectric functions and the other optical responses such as energy-loss function, the effective number of valence electrons and the effective optical dielectric constants of the rare earth sesquioxides (Gd2O3 and Tb2O3) were calculated.展开更多
The purpose of this work is to analyze the electrical properties of the metal–semiconductor contact(MSC)in the framework of the theory of complex systems.The effect of inhomogeneity of the different microstructures:p...The purpose of this work is to analyze the electrical properties of the metal–semiconductor contact(MSC)in the framework of the theory of complex systems.The effect of inhomogeneity of the different microstructures:polycrystalline,monocrystalline,amorphous metal–semiconductor contact surface is investigated,considering a Schottky diode(SD)as a parallel connection of numerous subdiodes.It has been shown that the polycrystallinity of the metal translates a homogeneous contact into a complex system,which consists of parallel connected numerous elementary contacts having different properties and parameters.展开更多
The paper studies the viscoelastic body described by the generalized Maxwell model. This model consists of several parallel-connected simple models of Maxwell. Assuming the interaction of atoms of the body with embedd...The paper studies the viscoelastic body described by the generalized Maxwell model. This model consists of several parallel-connected simple models of Maxwell. Assuming the interaction of atoms of the body with embedded nanoparticles leads to a change in model parameters. It is shown that with the addition of nanoparticles with a specific property, it can change the value of the deformation points of a viscoelastic body. This change depends on the number of elements.展开更多
In this work, the results on the investigation of the precularity near the solar spectrum region, of Zn1.xCdxSe nanofilms, nanoscale heterojunction prepared on silikon and alumminium substrates by precipitation from a...In this work, the results on the investigation of the precularity near the solar spectrum region, of Zn1.xCdxSe nanofilms, nanoscale heterojunction prepared on silikon and alumminium substrates by precipitation from aqueous solutions are presented. The temperature dependence of dark and light conductivity, spectrum and optical quenching of primary and impurity photoconductivity are investigated. The obtained results show that when controlling ionic composition and HT （heat-treatment） conditions, one can purposely control the properties of Zn1-xCdxSe （0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6） films, achieve the appropriate degree of compensation of different recombination levels and traps attributed to intrinsic defects or impurities, which result in high level of photoelectrical parameters near the IR region. Just after deposition the photoconductivity spectrum maximum of Zn1-xCdxSe （0 〈 x 〈 0.6） films is observed at λ1 = 0.545 ＋ 0.495/am versus the film composition.展开更多
This study attempts to investigate the relationship between monopoly and competition and the philosophy of progress,using the methods,models,and terms from physics.The term“progress”is a newly adopted term and is de...This study attempts to investigate the relationship between monopoly and competition and the philosophy of progress,using the methods,models,and terms from physics.The term“progress”is a newly adopted term and is defined as the value of an increase in the production rate per unit of time.It is shown that to achieve progress,it is necessary to increase the production on a non-linear basis over time.Therefore,it is enough to have many firms that interact with each other under the influence of“market forces”.It is important to have a high level of university education,a legal environment for competition and indestructible antitrust laws.Even without strong science,you can make progress by acquiring technology and creating conditions for competition in the market.A factor that strongly influences progress,of course,is technology.For the development of technology,there is a great need for science.Science is a very powerful factor that affects the non-linear change in the economic development.It is shown that during the transition period from an absolute monopoly to an imperfect monopoly the system becomes more complex,and its output characteristics become non-linear as a function of time.It was found that the relationship between monopoly and competition is very simple,and there is no contradiction between them.Initially,the market is born as a monopoly,and then with the creation of similar firms,competition,as the natural market process,begins between them.展开更多
The asymptotic distributions are exactly solved for linearly independent solutions considering problem of the second order and for the coefficients of asymptotic distribution the recurrent formulas are obtained. Furth...The asymptotic distributions are exactly solved for linearly independent solutions considering problem of the second order and for the coefficients of asymptotic distribution the recurrent formulas are obtained. Further, using obtained recurrent formulas the necessary and sufficient conditions for almost regularity of spectral problem for the equation of the second order is proved.展开更多
The given work studies the reason of the change of a superfluous current near crystallization temperature of an amorphous αPbSb metal alloy and at the same time founds out the influence of ultrasonic processing (USP)...The given work studies the reason of the change of a superfluous current near crystallization temperature of an amorphous αPbSb metal alloy and at the same time founds out the influence of ultrasonic processing (USP) on the properties of αPbSb-nSi solar elements (SE), made by Shottki diodes technology (ShD) with a metal alloy. It is found that occurrence of a superfluous current αPbSb-nSi ShD under the influence of thermoannealing is connected with changes of structure of an amorphous film of metal at transition in a polycrystalline condition. VAC damaged αPbSb-nSi Sh Dare very sensitive to annealing time. Eventually, even at room temperature, level of a superfluous current decreases, i.e. “the wound” put by mechanical damage sort of heals, restoration process occurs the faster, the higher the annealing temperature is. Function of γt annealing parameters changes in an interval and the influence USP on photo-electric properties αPbSb-nSi SE depends on the chosen UIT mode.展开更多
This study examines the impact of public and personal interest on human development. For this end, a new criterionwas proposed for this purpose. This criterion indicates how many times the performed path of work is mo...This study examines the impact of public and personal interest on human development. For this end, a new criterionwas proposed for this purpose. This criterion indicates how many times the performed path of work is more thanthe defective part. This criterion was called quality factor. It is found out correlation between the HumanDevelopment Index and quality factor. It is shown that, as the quality factor increases, the level of public interestincreases, the level of individual interests decreases and prosperity increases. Democratic thinking replacesadministrative thinking. The author believes that humanity is developing in the direction of public interest and thehistory of humanity is the history of public interest. In order to help human development, the education systemshould be re-established and the content of the curriculum should be renewed so that the level of personal interestsof individuals decreases, but the level of interests of the community increases.展开更多
In the process of solving the control tasks of complex objects, the persons making the decision often have to deal with the uncertainty of the environment fimctioning, for example, in economics and management, they ha...In the process of solving the control tasks of complex objects, the persons making the decision often have to deal with the uncertainty of the environment fimctioning, for example, in economics and management, they have to make decisions in an uncertain state of the financial assets, economic environment, and so on. The modem design of decision-making under uncertainty is closely related to the application of fuzzy set theory which was developed by American scientist Zadeh. Experts＇ evaluation of alternatives for a variety of measure for decision-making can be represented as fuzzy sets or numbers expressed using membership functions. The theory of fuzzy sets has found its application in different fields of mathematics, biology, psychology, linguistics, and other application areas. In this paper, authors are interested in determining of fuzzy modeling in management and other relevant science （economic, financial, and ecological） and would have vector options to efficiency and environment program.展开更多
The article considers the econophysical analysis of the relationship between monopoly and competition by using the methods, terms of physics. And it was investigated the philosophy of progress. It has been shown that ...The article considers the econophysical analysis of the relationship between monopoly and competition by using the methods, terms of physics. And it was investigated the philosophy of progress. It has been shown that in the transition from absolute monopoly to imperfect monopoly, the system becomes more complex, and its output characteristics depend on time, because monopoly is a natural, competitive is derivative process. Competition is created as a result of the interaction of at least two ~monopoly firms＂ through the ~market field＂ that they create to increase the production which is necessary of non-linear products over time. To do this, it is sufficient to have a multitude of firms interacting with each other under the influence force of ~market field＂. To create the necessary conditions, it is sufficient to have a high level of university education and a legal field for competition and unbreakable antitrust legislation. By acquiring technology and creating conditions for competition in the market, it is possible to achieve progress even without having a strong science. The term ~progress＂ has received a new content and is defined as the value of a numerically equal increase in the rate of production per unit time or production per squared time. It has been shown that the relationship between monopoly and competition is very simple and there is no contradiction between them. Initially, the market is born as a monopoly, and then analogical firms were created, competition between firms begins展开更多
The intensive use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in industrial, agricultural and household applications will very likely lead to the release of such materials into the environment, especially water ecosystems. Wate...The intensive use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in industrial, agricultural and household applications will very likely lead to the release of such materials into the environment, especially water ecosystems. Water plants are an integral part of ecosystems;hence their interaction with NPs is inevitable. It is important to understand the consequences of this interaction and assess its potential effects. There are different types of approaches for investigating the toxic effects of NPs on plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is one of interesting biophysical methods for testing the effects NPs on plants in vivo. ChlF is a suitable technique and a very powerful tool for the in vivo studying of photochemical and non-photochemical processes within thylakoid membranes, chloroplasts, plant tissues, and whole plants. The present work reports the in vivo observation of chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching induced by the iron (Fe3O4, Fe2O3) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. Excitation and emission spectra of intact leaves of Elodea were acquired by fluorescence spectrophotometer (Cary Eclipse) at room temperature. It was shown that the intensity of the ChlF decreased in the solution of Fe3O4 and Al2O3 nanoparticles on the light. Fe2O3 affected slightly and the toxicity of nanoparticles depended on dose and exposure period. It was clear from these experiments that the given nanoparticles penetrated into the cell and might decrease the chlorophyll content of leaves.展开更多
文摘The development of potential theory heightens the understanding of fundamental interactions in quantum systems.In this paper,the bound state solution of the modified radial Klein–Gordon equation is presented for generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential from the Nikiforov–Uvarov method.The resulting energy eigenvalues and corresponding radial wave functions are expressed in terms of the Jacobi polynomials for arbitrary l states.It is also demonstrated that energy eigenvalues strongly correlate with potential parameters for quantum states.Considering particular cases,the generalised tanh-shaped hyperbolic potential and its derived energy eigenvalues exhibit good agreement with the reported findings.Furthermore,the rovibrational energies are calculated for three representative diatomic molecules,namely H2,HCl and O2.The lowest excitation energies are in perfect agreement with experimental results.Overall,the potential model is displayed to be a viable candidate for concurrently prescribing numerous quantum systems.
文摘This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique.Five triboelectric nanogenerator prototypes were created:one with regular nylon and four with nylon/Fe_(3)O_(4) nanocomposites featuring varying nanoparticle densities.The electrical output,measured by open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current,showed significant improvements in the nanocomposite-based triboelectric nanogenerators compared to the nylon-only triboelectric nanogenerator.When a weak magnetic field was applied during nanocomposite preparation,the maximum voltage and current reached 56.3 V and 4.62μA,respectively.Further analysis revealed that the magnetic field during the drying process aligned the magnetic domains,boosting output efficiency.These findings demonstrate the potential of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles to enhance electrostatic and magnetic interactions in triboelectric nanogenerators,leading to improved energy-harvesting performance.This approach presents a promising strategy for developing high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy and sensor applications.
基金supported by the Middle East Technical University(METU),Project No:GAP-105-2018-2752
文摘Y_2O_3 nanoparticles were investigated using low temperature thermoluminescence (TL) experiments. TL glow curve recorded at constant heating rate of 0.4 K/s exhibits seven peaks around 19, 62, 91,115,162,196 and 215 K. Activation energies and characteristics of traps responsible for observed curves were revealed under the light of results of initial rise analyses and T_(max)-T_(stop) experimental methods. Analyses of TL curves obtained at different stopping temperatures resulted in presence of one quasi-continuously distributed trap with activation energies increasing from 18 to 24 meV and six single trapping centers at49, 117, 315, 409, 651 and 740 meV. Activation energies of all revealed centers were reported in the present paper. Structural characterization of Y_2O_3 nanoparticles was accomplished using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy measurements.
文摘Small high-quality Au/n type-GaAs Schottky barrier diodes （SBDs） with low reverse leakage current are produced using lithography. Their effective barrier heights （BHs） and ideality factors from current-voltage （I-V） characteristics are measured by a Pico ampere meter and home-built I-V instrument. In spite of the identical preparation of the diodes there is a diode-to-diode variation in ideality factor and barrier height parameters. Measurement of topology of a surface of a thin metal film with atomic force microscope （AFM） shows that Au-n type-GaAS SD consists of a set of parallel-connected micro and nanocontacts diodes with sizes approximately in a range of 100-200 nm. Between barrier height and ideality factor there is an inversely proportional dependency. With the diameter of contact increasing from 5 μm up to 200 μm, the barrier height increases from 0.833 up to 0.933 eV and its ideality factor decreases from 1.11 down to 1.006. These dependencies show the reduction of the contribution of the peripheral current with the diameter of contact increasing. We find the effect of series resistance on barrier height and ideality factor.
文摘The paper deals with a development of the discrete-analytical method for the solution of the dynamical problems of a hollow sphere with inhomogeneous initial stresses.The examinations are made with respect to the problem on the natural vibration of the hollow sphere the initial stresses in which is caused by internal and external uniformly distributed pressure.The initial stresses in the sphere are determined within the scope of the exact equations of elastostatics.It is assumed that after appearing this static initial stresses the sphere gets a dynamical excitation and mechanical behavior of the sphere caused by this excitation is described with the so-called three-dimensional linearized equations of elastic wave propagation in initially stressed bodies.For the solution of these equations,which have variable coefficients,the discrete analytical solution method is developed and applied.In particular,it is established that the convergence of the numerical results with respect to the number of discretization is very acceptable and applicable for the considered type dynamical problems.Numerical results on the influence of the initial stresses on the values of the natural frequencies of the hollow sphere are also presented and these results are discussed.
基金supported by the Iranian Institute for Geological Surveys and Mineral Exploration
文摘This study focuses on the geochemistry of trace elements and parameters of coal quality of bituminous coal belonging to the upper Triassic-lower Jurassic era, collected from the Galandrud region in Central Alborz, northern Iran. Galandrud coal on an air-dried basis are characterized by broad variation in the amount of ash （ranging from 6.49g to 12.73%）, a high content of volatile matter （33,32-37.45%） and high gross calorific values （7430-8880 kcal/kg）. The mineral matter of the coal samples studied is made up of dolomite （〉909g）, quartz, sphalerite, galena, pyrite and clay minerals. Major elements are positively cor- related with ash content suggesting an association with inorganic constituents. Based on statistical anal- yses, concentrations of trace elements such as Co （51.3 ×10^-6-152.9× 10^-6）, Ba （368× 10^-6-3297.4×10^-6）, Cr （65.5 ×10^-6-194.2 × 10^-6）, Mo （5.6 × 10^-6-18.2× 10^-6）, Hi （72.9 × 10^-6-152.9 × 10^-6） and V （245.5 × 10^-6-520 ×10^-6） are higher than world coal averages. However, low concentration of some vol- atile elements such as As, Hg and U are present in low concentrations of the various types of coal studied.
文摘In the present study we had an aim to develop the methods of functionalizing the surface of magnetite nanoparticles with cefotaxime and ceftriaxone antibiotics. The quantitative analysis of the nanostructured cephalosporins was determined by Atom Absorbance Spectroscopy (AAS) and based on the Lambert-Beer law. The engineered nanostructures were tested on gram-negative microorganisms Klebsiella spp., of Enterobacteriaceae, and gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, each having multi-drug resistance properties.
文摘The interfering kinetics of the coherent synchronous reactions of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and the oxidation of pyridine derivatives have been studied experimentally.The regions of the selective oxidation of the pyridine derivatives have been found,and the optimal conditions for the production of4-vynilpyridine,4-vynilpyridine N-monoxide,2,2-dipyridyl,and pyridine have been determined.The most probable synchronization mechanism is suggested for hydrogen peroxide decomposition and the free-radical chain oxidation of pyridine derivatives.The HO2-radical plays the key role in this mechanism.The activation energies are calculated for the elementary steps of 4-ethylpyridine dehydrogenation.
文摘The copolymer of the maleic anhydride-styrene is modified at the presence of 4-amino-2-thiouracil and formaldehyde and the new polymeric sorbate with spatial structure is received. The received sorbate is identified by the IR-spectroscopy method. The complete static sorption capacitance was studied (CSSC<sup>+</sup>K</sub>= 7.8 mmol/g) and the ionization constants of ionic groups in a sorbate link was defined by electrometric method. Ionization constants were determined by potentiometric titration of the sorbent (). Sorption and desorption of the received sorbent with a lead ion (II) are investigated and optimum concentration conditions are defined: рН<sub>opt.</sub> = 5, ionic force μ = 0.8 pier/l, full sorption balance 4 hours, optimum eluent 5 ml of 0.5 M HCl.
文摘In this work, we have investigated the electronic and optical properties of the technologically important rare earth oxide compounds—X2O3 (X: Gd, Tb) using the density functional theory within the GGA. The band structure of X2O3 have been calculated along high symmetry directions in the first brillouin zone. The real and imaginary parts of dilectric functions and the other optical responses such as energy-loss function, the effective number of valence electrons and the effective optical dielectric constants of the rare earth sesquioxides (Gd2O3 and Tb2O3) were calculated.
文摘The purpose of this work is to analyze the electrical properties of the metal–semiconductor contact(MSC)in the framework of the theory of complex systems.The effect of inhomogeneity of the different microstructures:polycrystalline,monocrystalline,amorphous metal–semiconductor contact surface is investigated,considering a Schottky diode(SD)as a parallel connection of numerous subdiodes.It has been shown that the polycrystallinity of the metal translates a homogeneous contact into a complex system,which consists of parallel connected numerous elementary contacts having different properties and parameters.
文摘The paper studies the viscoelastic body described by the generalized Maxwell model. This model consists of several parallel-connected simple models of Maxwell. Assuming the interaction of atoms of the body with embedded nanoparticles leads to a change in model parameters. It is shown that with the addition of nanoparticles with a specific property, it can change the value of the deformation points of a viscoelastic body. This change depends on the number of elements.
文摘In this work, the results on the investigation of the precularity near the solar spectrum region, of Zn1.xCdxSe nanofilms, nanoscale heterojunction prepared on silikon and alumminium substrates by precipitation from aqueous solutions are presented. The temperature dependence of dark and light conductivity, spectrum and optical quenching of primary and impurity photoconductivity are investigated. The obtained results show that when controlling ionic composition and HT （heat-treatment） conditions, one can purposely control the properties of Zn1-xCdxSe （0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6） films, achieve the appropriate degree of compensation of different recombination levels and traps attributed to intrinsic defects or impurities, which result in high level of photoelectrical parameters near the IR region. Just after deposition the photoconductivity spectrum maximum of Zn1-xCdxSe （0 〈 x 〈 0.6） films is observed at λ1 = 0.545 ＋ 0.495/am versus the film composition.
文摘This study attempts to investigate the relationship between monopoly and competition and the philosophy of progress,using the methods,models,and terms from physics.The term“progress”is a newly adopted term and is defined as the value of an increase in the production rate per unit of time.It is shown that to achieve progress,it is necessary to increase the production on a non-linear basis over time.Therefore,it is enough to have many firms that interact with each other under the influence of“market forces”.It is important to have a high level of university education,a legal environment for competition and indestructible antitrust laws.Even without strong science,you can make progress by acquiring technology and creating conditions for competition in the market.A factor that strongly influences progress,of course,is technology.For the development of technology,there is a great need for science.Science is a very powerful factor that affects the non-linear change in the economic development.It is shown that during the transition period from an absolute monopoly to an imperfect monopoly the system becomes more complex,and its output characteristics become non-linear as a function of time.It was found that the relationship between monopoly and competition is very simple,and there is no contradiction between them.Initially,the market is born as a monopoly,and then with the creation of similar firms,competition,as the natural market process,begins between them.
文摘The asymptotic distributions are exactly solved for linearly independent solutions considering problem of the second order and for the coefficients of asymptotic distribution the recurrent formulas are obtained. Further, using obtained recurrent formulas the necessary and sufficient conditions for almost regularity of spectral problem for the equation of the second order is proved.
文摘The given work studies the reason of the change of a superfluous current near crystallization temperature of an amorphous αPbSb metal alloy and at the same time founds out the influence of ultrasonic processing (USP) on the properties of αPbSb-nSi solar elements (SE), made by Shottki diodes technology (ShD) with a metal alloy. It is found that occurrence of a superfluous current αPbSb-nSi ShD under the influence of thermoannealing is connected with changes of structure of an amorphous film of metal at transition in a polycrystalline condition. VAC damaged αPbSb-nSi Sh Dare very sensitive to annealing time. Eventually, even at room temperature, level of a superfluous current decreases, i.e. “the wound” put by mechanical damage sort of heals, restoration process occurs the faster, the higher the annealing temperature is. Function of γt annealing parameters changes in an interval and the influence USP on photo-electric properties αPbSb-nSi SE depends on the chosen UIT mode.
文摘This study examines the impact of public and personal interest on human development. For this end, a new criterionwas proposed for this purpose. This criterion indicates how many times the performed path of work is more thanthe defective part. This criterion was called quality factor. It is found out correlation between the HumanDevelopment Index and quality factor. It is shown that, as the quality factor increases, the level of public interestincreases, the level of individual interests decreases and prosperity increases. Democratic thinking replacesadministrative thinking. The author believes that humanity is developing in the direction of public interest and thehistory of humanity is the history of public interest. In order to help human development, the education systemshould be re-established and the content of the curriculum should be renewed so that the level of personal interestsof individuals decreases, but the level of interests of the community increases.
文摘In the process of solving the control tasks of complex objects, the persons making the decision often have to deal with the uncertainty of the environment fimctioning, for example, in economics and management, they have to make decisions in an uncertain state of the financial assets, economic environment, and so on. The modem design of decision-making under uncertainty is closely related to the application of fuzzy set theory which was developed by American scientist Zadeh. Experts＇ evaluation of alternatives for a variety of measure for decision-making can be represented as fuzzy sets or numbers expressed using membership functions. The theory of fuzzy sets has found its application in different fields of mathematics, biology, psychology, linguistics, and other application areas. In this paper, authors are interested in determining of fuzzy modeling in management and other relevant science （economic, financial, and ecological） and would have vector options to efficiency and environment program.
文摘The article considers the econophysical analysis of the relationship between monopoly and competition by using the methods, terms of physics. And it was investigated the philosophy of progress. It has been shown that in the transition from absolute monopoly to imperfect monopoly, the system becomes more complex, and its output characteristics depend on time, because monopoly is a natural, competitive is derivative process. Competition is created as a result of the interaction of at least two ~monopoly firms＂ through the ~market field＂ that they create to increase the production which is necessary of non-linear products over time. To do this, it is sufficient to have a multitude of firms interacting with each other under the influence force of ~market field＂. To create the necessary conditions, it is sufficient to have a high level of university education and a legal field for competition and unbreakable antitrust legislation. By acquiring technology and creating conditions for competition in the market, it is possible to achieve progress even without having a strong science. The term ~progress＂ has received a new content and is defined as the value of a numerically equal increase in the rate of production per unit time or production per squared time. It has been shown that the relationship between monopoly and competition is very simple and there is no contradiction between them. Initially, the market is born as a monopoly, and then analogical firms were created, competition between firms begins
文摘The intensive use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in industrial, agricultural and household applications will very likely lead to the release of such materials into the environment, especially water ecosystems. Water plants are an integral part of ecosystems;hence their interaction with NPs is inevitable. It is important to understand the consequences of this interaction and assess its potential effects. There are different types of approaches for investigating the toxic effects of NPs on plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is one of interesting biophysical methods for testing the effects NPs on plants in vivo. ChlF is a suitable technique and a very powerful tool for the in vivo studying of photochemical and non-photochemical processes within thylakoid membranes, chloroplasts, plant tissues, and whole plants. The present work reports the in vivo observation of chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching induced by the iron (Fe3O4, Fe2O3) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. Excitation and emission spectra of intact leaves of Elodea were acquired by fluorescence spectrophotometer (Cary Eclipse) at room temperature. It was shown that the intensity of the ChlF decreased in the solution of Fe3O4 and Al2O3 nanoparticles on the light. Fe2O3 affected slightly and the toxicity of nanoparticles depended on dose and exposure period. It was clear from these experiments that the given nanoparticles penetrated into the cell and might decrease the chlorophyll content of leaves.
