The objective of this multicentric study was to assess the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma génitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in Brazzaville, in the Republic of...The objective of this multicentric study was to assess the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma génitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in Brazzaville, in the Republic of Congo, using molecular methods. From January to December 2021, the sexually transmitted disease risk participants were recruited from six centers: The Association of Young HIV-Positive People of Congo, The Congolese Association for Family Welfare, The Association for Support to Vulnerable Groups, Talangaï hospital, Brazzaville university hospital (outpatient service) and the private clinic COGEMO (outpatient service). The real-time multiplex PCR was carried out to detect these pathogens. Each patient had at least one specimen (urine, urethral, anal and/or vaginal samples). The patients were considered infected when one of their samples was positive. 287 participants made of 227 women and 60 men were tested. The general prevalence of these infections was: Chlamydia trachomatis 2.79%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 3.14%, Mycoplasma génitalium 3.45% and Trichomonas vaginalis 2.97. The prevalence rates according to sex were: C. trachomatis, M. génitalium, N. gonorrhea and T. vaginalis were 1.32%, 2.05%, 1.32% and 3.42% in women and 8.33%, 7.02%, 10% and 1.75% in men, respectively. Most infected patients were asymptomatic. Prevalence rates were higher in bisexual individuals, with the exception of T. vaginalis which showed higher prevalence in heterosexual patients. The bisexual and homosexual individuals represent a major public health problem in sexually active young adults, particularly among men having sex with men. These sexually transmitted infections are mainly asymptomatic, their diagnosis and management remain difficult in developing countries.展开更多
In oral health care, the spread of harmful infectious agents from the oral cavity is a constant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-contamination between patients due to the backflo...In oral health care, the spread of harmful infectious agents from the oral cavity is a constant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-contamination between patients due to the backflow of biological fluids and contaminated aerosols into the water tubes of rotating instruments (high-speed turbines). A second aim was to assess the dispersion of the aerosols generated in the medical environment and the risk of contamination for the dentist. Materials and methods: For safety reasons, we carried out an experimental study on two sheep heads purchased from a butcher to simulate periodontal treatment in the two oral cavities. The first cavity was artificially contaminated with the reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus to assess the transfer of this bacteria from one cavity to the other through the waterlines of the high-speed turbine used. Results: The study revealed a worrying risk of cross-contamination from contaminated aerosols flowing back through the dental turbine into the dental unit waterlines (33.33%) [p S. aureus and total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) were dispersed at varying distances from the oral cavity. In particular, the highest contamination levels were found within 0.3 m of the patient for S. aureus (M = 43.66, SD = 1) and THB (M = 45.59, SD = 5), with contamination levels decreasing at a distance of 1.5 m, respectively (M = 5.63, SD = 3.61;M = 8.09, SD = 7.01) [p ≤ 0.05]. Conclusions: Procedures should be implemented to limit the risk of cross-contamination during dental treatment. This can be achieved by strict adherence to hygiene and asepsis measures in the dental unit and medical devices, compliance with regulatory standards (e.g., ISO 15883 1-2), and the installation of anti-retraction valves in dental turbines, dental chair unit and suction systems to prevent backflow of contaminated biological fluids and aerosols.展开更多
Introduction: The only academic veterinary hospital and diagnostic laboratory in the State of Oregon receives samples for bacteriologic diagnosis and patients from the whole state and neighbor states. Infectious disea...Introduction: The only academic veterinary hospital and diagnostic laboratory in the State of Oregon receives samples for bacteriologic diagnosis and patients from the whole state and neighbor states. Infectious diseases diagnosed from 2019 to 2021 were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility by site of infection and isolated microbes. Methods: Bacteria were cultured and identified using standard laboratory methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using the Kirby-Bauer assay. Results: The analysis revealed the most common bacteria causing infection in diverse anatomic sites. The study also evaluated the percent of antibiotic susceptibility among the bacteria isolated. In 2019, a very common infection, such as peritonitis, the organisms isolated from the abdominal fluid were 66.7% susceptible to amikacin and 83% of them susceptible to enrofloxacin. In 2021, however, the organisms isolated from the abdominal fluid were susceptible to amikacin in 42.9% of the cases and 57.1 % susceptible to enrofloxacin. In urine infection 71% of the bacteria were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in 2019, 63.9% in 2020 and 65.7% in 2021. Some pathogens, like Enterobacter, were susceptible to amikacin in 58.8% of the cases in 2019, 50% in 2020 and 25% in 2021. Escherichia coli’s susceptibility to 3rd generation cephalosporins was 65.4% to cefovecin and cefpodoxime, and 21.8% to ceftiofur in 2019, 68.4% and 75.4% to cefovecin and cefpodoxime and 7% ceftiofur in 2020, and 61.6%, 72.6% and 13.7% for the three antimicrobials in 2021. Of note is the low percent of susceptibility among pathogens isolated from many infectious sites, creating the need for veterinarians to make difficult decisions. Conclusion: The increased resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is now present in the veterinary world. The increased contact and interaction between animals and humans have extended the limited choice of antibiotics to treat infections in domestic animals, and therefore antibiotic stewardship programs must be implemented in veterinary practice.展开更多
AIM： To assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and shortchain fatty acids （SCFA） in patients on long-term TEN. METHODS： Ten patients （3 females, 7 males, 59±5.5 years）, on TEN for a median of 13 mo （1-125...AIM： To assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and shortchain fatty acids （SCFA） in patients on long-term TEN. METHODS： Ten patients （3 females, 7 males, 59±5.5 years）, on TEN for a median of 13 mo （1-125）, and 15 healthy volunteers （4 females, 11 males, 32±2.0 years） received Sb （0.5 g bid PO） for 6 d. Two stool samples were taken before, on the last 2 d and 9-10 d after treatment, for SCFA measurement and for culture and bacterial identification. Values （mean4-SE） were compared using sign tests and ANOVA. RESULTS： Fecal butyrate levels were lower in patients （10.1±2.9 mmol/kg） than in controls （19.2±3.9, P= 0.02）. Treatment with Sb increased total fecal SCFA levels in patients （150.2＋27.2 vs 107.5±18.2 mmol/kg, P= 0.02） but not in controls （129.0±28.6 vs 113.0±15.2 mmol/kg, NS）. At the end of treatment with Sb, patients had higher fecal butyrate（16.0±4.4 vs 10.1 [2.9] mmol/kg, P= 0.004）. Total SCFAs remained high 9 d after treatment was discontinued. Before the treatment, the anaerobe to aerobe ratio was lower in patients compared to controls （2.4±2.3 vs 69.8±1.8, P= 0.003）. There were no significant changes in the fecal flora of TEN patients. CONCLUSION： Sb-induced increase of fecal SCFA concentrations （especially butyrate） may explain the preventive effects of this yeast on TEN-induced diarrhea.展开更多
In view of the demographic changes and projected increase of arthroplasty procedures worldwide,the number of prosthetic joint infection cases will naturally grow.Therefore,in order to counteract this trend more rigid ...In view of the demographic changes and projected increase of arthroplasty procedures worldwide,the number of prosthetic joint infection cases will naturally grow.Therefore,in order to counteract this trend more rigid rules and a stricter implementation of effective preventive strategies is of highest importance.In the absence of a"miracle weapon"priorities should lie in evidence-based measures including preoperative optimization of patients at higher infection risks,the fulfilment of strict hygiene rules in the operating theatre and an effective antibiotic prophylaxis regimen.Instead of a"one size fits all"philosophy,it has been proposed to adjust the antibiotic prophylaxis protocol to major infection risks taking into account important patient-and procedure-related risk factors.A stronger focus on the local application mode via use of high dose dual antibioticloaded bone cement in such risk situations may have its advantages and is easy to apply in the theatre.The more potent antimicrobial growth inhibition in vitro and the strong reduction of the prosthetic joint infection rate in risk for infection patients with aid of dual antibiotic-loaded bone cement in clinical studies align with this hypothesis.展开更多
We developed and evaluated a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for application in routine diagnostic laboratories to detect Campylobacter spp. in stool samples including C. concisus, C. jejuni, and C. coli. When this m-PCR was ap...We developed and evaluated a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for application in routine diagnostic laboratories to detect Campylobacter spp. in stool samples including C. concisus, C. jejuni, and C. coli. When this m-PCR was applied on spiked faecal samples, C. concisus, C. jejuni, and C. coli were specifically identified at 105 cells/gm of faeces. To compare the sensitivity of the m-PCR with conventional culture techniques, the same spiked stool samples were cultured on an antibiotic free Columbia blood agar using the filtration technique. The detection limit of conventional culture method was 105 cells/gm of stool for C. concisus and 106 cells/gm of stool for C. jejuni and C. coli. The m-PCR was applied to test 127 faecal samples from children with gastroenteritis and the results were compared with the conventional bacterial cultures data. By this m-PCR technique, C. jejuni was detected in 7 samples, C. coli in 2 samples, and C. concisus in 7 samples. However, the conventional culture results for these samples were 6 for C. jejuni, 2 for C. coli and only one sample was positive for C. concisus. In total, 19 samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. by m-PCR while only 9 samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. by culture. In conclusion, m-PCR is more sensitive than the culture technique to detect C. concisus and other fastidious campylobacters in faeces.展开更多
Recipients of solid organ transplants(SOT) and stem cell transplants(SCT) constitute a group of patients at risk for tuberculosis(TB) development. The prevalence of active TB in patients undergoing SOT is higher than ...Recipients of solid organ transplants(SOT) and stem cell transplants(SCT) constitute a group of patients at risk for tuberculosis(TB) development. The prevalence of active TB in patients undergoing SOT is higher than in patients undergoing SCT, probably due to the shorter period of immunosuppression in the latter. We reviewed the importance of SCT in individuals with hematological malignancies. Most TB cases occur in transplant patients by reactivation of latent infection after immunosuppression, most often within the first year after transplant, leading to graft loss and in some cases, death. Relevant variables to assess the risk of TB infection in a transplant recipient include the donor's and recipient's medical histories, imaging results, microbiology and tuberculin skin test(TST) and interferon-gamma release assays(IGRA). TST is routinely performed in the donor and recipient before transplantation. If TST is > 5 mm in the recipient or > 10 mm in the donor, it is necessary to exclude active TB(pulmonary and renal). Chemopro-phylaxis is recommended in TST(+) recipients and in recipients with recent seroconversion, in donors with a history of untreated TB or in contact with an individual with active TB, if radiological images are suspicious and the IGRA is(+). The drug of choice is isoniazid. These topics are herewith reviewed.展开更多
Background and Objective: In developing countries, the steep increase in septicaemia cases is a major health problem that creates the biggest challenge for clinicians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agen...Background and Objective: In developing countries, the steep increase in septicaemia cases is a major health problem that creates the biggest challenge for clinicians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents. This is further complicated by the development of resistance in organisms to antimicrobial agents, which is the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates associated with sepsis among hospitalized patients including the detection of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Extended Spectrum Beta lactamases (ESBLs). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for 5 months at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital. Bacterial species were isolated from 150 blood samples collected from hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates were tested for methicillin resistance and ESBLs. Results: The prevalence of septicaemia was 16% (24/150) among hospitalized patients. In our study, 75% (18/24) of infections were caused by Gram- negative and 25% (6/24) by Gram-positive bacteria. Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates showed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone while the Gram- positive bacteria were highly resistant to minocycline. Fifty percent (3/6) of the isolated S. aureus were methicillin-resistant and 27.8% (5/18) of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae were ESBLs producers. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, temperature above 37.9℃ (AOR = 4.455;95% Cl = 1.458 - 15.693;p = 0.033) and being under respiratory assistance (AOR = 4.311;95% Cl = 1.458 - 12.749;p = 0.008) were significantly associated with septicaemia. Conclusion: The Occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains in this study emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance in hospitals to detect resistant strains. Strict guidelines for antibiotic therapy and the implementation of infection control measures to reduce the increasing burden of antibiotic resistance are advocated.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:"">Background</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">: </span></b><span style="font-family:"&quo...<b><span style="font-family:"">Background</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">: </span></b><span style="font-family:"">Feco-oral transmitted diseases (FOTD) remain a public health issue, particularly in developing countries. Data concerning the carriage of <i>Salmonella</i> and intestinal parasites in children are available worldwide but are lacking in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the asymptomatic carriage of <i>Salmonella</i> and intestinal parasites in children of two primary schools in<span> Yaoundé. <b>Methods: </b>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conduc</span>ted from October 2017 to May 2018 in two primary schools (from rural and urban areas) in the 7<sup>th</sup> precinct of Yaoundé. Sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical (rectal swab, direct examination of fresh stool and bacteriological culture on Hektoen medium) data were collected. <b>Results: </b>We included<b> </b>368 (192 boys) pupils from both schools (184 in each school) with a mean age of 8.99 ± 2.21 years. None of the children was infected by <i>Salmonella spp</i>. Intestinal parasite prevalence was 9.80% (6.52% of children from the urban school vs 13.04% from the rural ones). The intestinal parasite prevalence tended to be higher in girls than in boys (11.98% vs</span><span style="font-family:"">.</span><span style="font-family:""> 7.39%). Among intestinal parasites, protozoa were the most widely found. <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> were the most prevalent pathogenic intestinal protozoa (11.11% vs</span><span style="font-family:"">.</span><span style="font-family:""> 25<span>% of all positive stool exams). The helminths, less frequent, were</span> represented by <i>Ascaris lumbicoides</i> and <i>Enterobius vermicularis.</i> The factors associated with intestinal parasite carriage were mainly rural school location and age between 11</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">13 years. <b>Conclusion: </b>Among children in primary school, <i>Salmonella</i> infection was absent, while intestinal parasites are frequent, represented mostly by protozoa. This parasitism is in our cohort associated with the rural school location and the 11</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">13 years age group. This suggests that there is additional room for the implementation of prevention measures for intestinal parasite infections in our setting.展开更多
Background: In African countries, where the burden of neonatal sepsis is the highest, the spread of Carbapenemases Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in the community, potentially contributing to neonatal mortality, i...Background: In African countries, where the burden of neonatal sepsis is the highest, the spread of Carbapenemases Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in the community, potentially contributing to neonatal mortality, is a public health concern. The transmission routes are not well defined, particularly the possible key role played by pregnant women. The aim of this study was to understand the neonatal acquisition of CPE in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods: A transversal analytical study was conducted in an urban area. Maternal stool samples during delivery and the first stool from their new-born were collected and cultured to isolate Enterobacteria. After isolation, characterization using API20E identification system, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed according to the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology. Carbapenemases detection was done on each carbapenem-resistant strain using the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and their classification using the synergy tests with different inhibitors. Results: Out of the 55 CPE isolates identified, Escherichia coli was the most encountered bacteria both in mothers (n = 18, 50.00%) and infants (n = 11, 57.89%). Class B and D carbapenemases were found both in mothers and infants. The estimated prevalence of vertical transmission in our study, was 10% (n = 12). Logistic regression showed that CPE carriage in mothers and CPE acquisition in their new-borns were independently associated with the presence of greenish amniotic fluid (OR = 7.33, p 0.0001 in mothers and OR = 4.09, p = 0.0086 in new-borns). Conclusion: Our results highlight the non-negligeable role played by pregnant women in the neonatal acquisition of CPE.展开更多
Introduction: This study sought to investigate the prevalence and determine factors for predicting the use of herbal medicine, among Sultan Moulay Slimane University students. Methods: This study was a retrospective c...Introduction: This study sought to investigate the prevalence and determine factors for predicting the use of herbal medicine, among Sultan Moulay Slimane University students. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study from March 1st, 2017 to April 13th, 2017. Four hundred seventy-six university students were interviewed using a questionnaire including a socio-demographic scale and herbal self-therapy knowledge and behaviors. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 2016). Results: The frequency of herbal self-therapy among Sultan Moulay Slimane University students has reached 65%. 26.07% of the participants reported that the first reason for using herbal self-therapy was a lack of money. Meanwhile, the most common conditions that prompted them to use these plants on their own were cough and cold (36.48%), and abdominal pain due to heartburn or peptic ulcer (24.41%). The most frequent self-administered plants were Thymus vulgaris (43.7%). Family, seniors, or classmates were a source of information for herbal self-therapy. Conclusion: The region of Beni Mellal, Morocco has important floristic biodiversity of medicinal plants that are used in traditional medicine practice. The present paper represents significant ethnobotanical information on medical plants, which provides baseline data for future pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Therefore, there is a need to establish effective herbal medicine policies and health education programs to discuss the benefits and risks of herbal medicine use with the aim of maximizing patient-desired therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a frequent reason for consultation and lead to a significant and sometimes inappropriate prescription of antibiotics. The latter favors antibiotic resistance and an incr...Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a frequent reason for consultation and lead to a significant and sometimes inappropriate prescription of antibiotics. The latter favors antibiotic resistance and an increase in mortality as well as the cost of treatment. The present study aims to contribute to the fight against antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria. Methods: This is a prospective study from January to December, 2021 in the Microbiology laboratory of the General Reference Hospital (GRH) of Niamey including 3369 urine samples. The antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria was determined using the Viteck-2 method. Results: At least 280 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from the patient’s urine. Among these strains, Escherichia coli was the most predominant (74.64%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.07%) and Enterobacter cloacae (7.14%) and other enterobacteria 2.15%. These Enterobacteriaceae are more common in community patients than in hospitalized patients. The average age of patients is 52 years and the age group most affected by these enterobacteria is 46 - 60 years (23.33%). The female sex is the most affected sex with (51.07%) against (48.97%) for the male sex with 1.04 as sex ratio. The hospitalization departments most affected by these enterobacteria are Nephrology (29.23%) and Endocrinology (21.54%). Up to 75% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates show high resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ticarcillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin. Conclusion: The high rate of antibiotic resistance among enterobacteria in urine is of concern. Only a few Enterobacteriaceae show low resistance to ertapenem, imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. Therefore, these antibiotics are recommended as first line treatment for urinary tract infections.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Transrectal prostate biopsy is a major prostate cancer diagnosis procedure that can cause infectious complications. Osteoarticular localization is uncommon. <strong>Aim:&...<strong>Background:</strong> Transrectal prostate biopsy is a major prostate cancer diagnosis procedure that can cause infectious complications. Osteoarticular localization is uncommon. <strong>Aim:</strong> To report a case of spondylodiscitis due to a transrectal prostate biopsy and highlight therapeutical principles. <strong>Case Presentation: </strong>A 60-year-old male underwent transrectal prostate biopsy performed because of high PSA level, and presented 48 hours later with back pain, fever at 40<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C associated with an obnubilation. He was treated for malaria without favorable evolution. Persistance of pain and occurrence of neurologic manifestations motivated dorso-lumbar Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which permitted diagnosis of spondylodiscitis. The treatment was made by triple antibiotic therapy combining Imipenem 500 mg/8h (IV);Ofloxacin 200 mg/12h (IV) and Metronidazole 500 mg/8h (IV) over four weeks. Evolution under treatment was favorable. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Spondylodiscitis is an exceptional complication of transrectal prostate biopsy. It may be evocated in case of bones pain after prostate biopsy.展开更多
Aim: The aim of the current study is to determine: (1) the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) isolated from clinical samples and a hospital environment in Hassan II Hospital...Aim: The aim of the current study is to determine: (1) the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) isolated from clinical samples and a hospital environment in Hassan II Hospital (Settat, Morocco);(2) the associated risk factors of ESBL-Kp infections;(3) the link between clinical and environmental isolates. Methods: During the study period (April 2010 to March 2011), all patients infected and hospital environment sites contaminated by K. pneumoniae were considered as the potential study population and environmental site. The clinical data were collected to identify risk factors for ESBL carriage of K. pneumoniae infection. Screening of ESBL-and carbapenemase-producing isolates was performed by using a double-disk synergy test and the modified Hodge test, respectively. ESBL-Kp isolates were tested for the presence of genes encoding β-lactamases and were investigated by PCR. The clonal relationship between ESBL-producing isolates was analysed by ERIC- and REP-PCR method. Results: The overall prevalence of ESBL-Kp among clinical and environmental K. pneumoniae isolates was 35.13% (13/37) and 4.04% (4/99), respectively. The main risk factors for carrying ESBL-Kp were renal disease (46.15%), recent surgery (53.84%), previous hospitalisation (76.92%), and the presence of many invasive devices (53.84%). All ESBL isolates were multidrug resistant. The bla<sub>CTX-M </sub>group1and bla<sub>SHV</sub> (70.58% for each) were the most prevalent followed by bla<sub>TEM</sub> (52.94%). Thirteen strains expressed at least two bla genes. One isolate was positive in the modified Hodge test and was a bla<sub>OXA-48</sub> producer. ERIC and Rep-PCR methods revealed an epidemic clonal dissemination of these isolates. Conclusion: The emergence of OXA-48 carbapenemase, endemic clonal dissemination and multi-drug resistance of ESBL-Kp isolates in our institution is highly alarming.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus is associated with a variety of invasive infection; typically, these infections occur as sepsis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and arthritis. China has a relatively high incidence of invasive S. a...Staphylococcus aureus is associated with a variety of invasive infection; typically, these infections occur as sepsis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and arthritis. China has a relatively high incidence of invasive S. aureus disease in children.[1] The present study aimed to provide the demographics, clones, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus that cause invasive infection in Chinese children.展开更多
Importance:Regional clonal replacements of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)are common.It is necessary to understand the clonal and drug resistance changes in specific areas.Objective:To evaluate the c...Importance:Regional clonal replacements of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)are common.It is necessary to understand the clonal and drug resistance changes in specific areas.Objective:To evaluate the clonal and drug resistance dynamics of MRSA in Chinese children from 2010 to 2017.Methods:MRSA was isolated from patients in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2010 to 2013 and from 2016 to 2017.The molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance were determined,Results:In total,211 MRSA isolates were collected,and 104 isolates were classified as community-associated MRSA(CA-MRSA).ST59-SCCmecⅣwas the most prevalent type in both CA-MRSA(65.4%)and healthcare-associated-MRSA(HA-MRSA)(46.7%).ST239-SCCmecⅢaccounted for 21.5%of all HA-MRSA,which were not detected in 2016,and only three isolates were detected in 2017.The pvl gene carrying rate of CA-MRSA was significantly higher than that of HA-MRSA(42.3%vs.29.0%,P=0.0456).Among CA-MRSA,resistance rate to all tested antibiotics excluding chloramphenicol remained stable over the periods of 2010-2013 and 2016-2017.HA-MRSA displayed an overall trend of decreased resistance to oxacillin,gentamicin,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,and rifampin,and increased resistance to chloramphenicol,consistent with the difference of antibiotic resistance patterns between ST59-SCCmecⅣand ST239-SCCmecⅢisolates.Vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)creep was found in the study period in all MRSA and ST59-SCCmecⅣisolates.Interpretation:ST59-SCCmecⅣhas spread to hospitals and replaced the traditional ST239-SCCmecⅢclone,accompanied by changes in drug resistance.Furthermore,vancomycin MIC creep indicated that the rational use of antibiotics should be seriously considered.展开更多
To the Editor:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)are a group of gram-positive bacteria that cause a wide range of diseases in children.[1]Surveillance of MRSA is particularly important since certain clon...To the Editor:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)are a group of gram-positive bacteria that cause a wide range of diseases in children.[1]Surveillance of MRSA is particularly important since certain clones have spread over wide geographical regions.The MRSA clones that have spread in North China over the past decade include ST59-SCCmecIVa-t437,ST59-SCCmecV-t437,and ST239-SCCmecIII-t030.展开更多
Background This study was aimed to investigate the clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)isolated from Chinese children and determine the possible relationship among the accessory gene ...Background This study was aimed to investigate the clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)isolated from Chinese children and determine the possible relationship among the accessory gene regulator(agr)groups and genotypes,as well as among the virulence genes and disease types.Methods S.aureus strains were isolated from Beijing Children's Hospital between October 2017 and October 2019.The isolates and 19 virulence genes were characterized using multi-locus sequence typing,staphylococcal protein A(spa),staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec,and agr typing.Results A total of 191 non-repetitive S.aureus clinical isolates were divided into 33 sequence types(STs),18 clonal com-plexes(CCs),and 59 spa types.ST59(39.8%),t437(37.7%),and agrⅠ(84.8%)were the predominant types.CC59,CC25,CC22,CC951,CC8,and CC398 belonged to agrⅠ.CC5 and CC15 were assigned to agrⅡ,and CC30 was characterized as agrⅢ.CC121 was classified under agrⅣ.The eta,etb,and bbp genes were more prevalent in agrⅣ(P<0.001 for each),while tst was more prevalent in agr groupⅢcompared to the other groups(P<0.001).Nearly all isolates that harbored lukS/F-PV belonged to agrⅠ(P=0.005).However,the correlation between disease types and agr groups was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusions An association among the agr groups and genotypes,as well as specific toxin genes,was observed among the S.aureus strains isolated from Chinese children.However,a statistical correlation was not found among the agr groups and disease types.展开更多
文摘The objective of this multicentric study was to assess the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma génitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in Brazzaville, in the Republic of Congo, using molecular methods. From January to December 2021, the sexually transmitted disease risk participants were recruited from six centers: The Association of Young HIV-Positive People of Congo, The Congolese Association for Family Welfare, The Association for Support to Vulnerable Groups, Talangaï hospital, Brazzaville university hospital (outpatient service) and the private clinic COGEMO (outpatient service). The real-time multiplex PCR was carried out to detect these pathogens. Each patient had at least one specimen (urine, urethral, anal and/or vaginal samples). The patients were considered infected when one of their samples was positive. 287 participants made of 227 women and 60 men were tested. The general prevalence of these infections was: Chlamydia trachomatis 2.79%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 3.14%, Mycoplasma génitalium 3.45% and Trichomonas vaginalis 2.97. The prevalence rates according to sex were: C. trachomatis, M. génitalium, N. gonorrhea and T. vaginalis were 1.32%, 2.05%, 1.32% and 3.42% in women and 8.33%, 7.02%, 10% and 1.75% in men, respectively. Most infected patients were asymptomatic. Prevalence rates were higher in bisexual individuals, with the exception of T. vaginalis which showed higher prevalence in heterosexual patients. The bisexual and homosexual individuals represent a major public health problem in sexually active young adults, particularly among men having sex with men. These sexually transmitted infections are mainly asymptomatic, their diagnosis and management remain difficult in developing countries.
文摘In oral health care, the spread of harmful infectious agents from the oral cavity is a constant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-contamination between patients due to the backflow of biological fluids and contaminated aerosols into the water tubes of rotating instruments (high-speed turbines). A second aim was to assess the dispersion of the aerosols generated in the medical environment and the risk of contamination for the dentist. Materials and methods: For safety reasons, we carried out an experimental study on two sheep heads purchased from a butcher to simulate periodontal treatment in the two oral cavities. The first cavity was artificially contaminated with the reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus to assess the transfer of this bacteria from one cavity to the other through the waterlines of the high-speed turbine used. Results: The study revealed a worrying risk of cross-contamination from contaminated aerosols flowing back through the dental turbine into the dental unit waterlines (33.33%) [p S. aureus and total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) were dispersed at varying distances from the oral cavity. In particular, the highest contamination levels were found within 0.3 m of the patient for S. aureus (M = 43.66, SD = 1) and THB (M = 45.59, SD = 5), with contamination levels decreasing at a distance of 1.5 m, respectively (M = 5.63, SD = 3.61;M = 8.09, SD = 7.01) [p ≤ 0.05]. Conclusions: Procedures should be implemented to limit the risk of cross-contamination during dental treatment. This can be achieved by strict adherence to hygiene and asepsis measures in the dental unit and medical devices, compliance with regulatory standards (e.g., ISO 15883 1-2), and the installation of anti-retraction valves in dental turbines, dental chair unit and suction systems to prevent backflow of contaminated biological fluids and aerosols.
文摘Introduction: The only academic veterinary hospital and diagnostic laboratory in the State of Oregon receives samples for bacteriologic diagnosis and patients from the whole state and neighbor states. Infectious diseases diagnosed from 2019 to 2021 were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility by site of infection and isolated microbes. Methods: Bacteria were cultured and identified using standard laboratory methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using the Kirby-Bauer assay. Results: The analysis revealed the most common bacteria causing infection in diverse anatomic sites. The study also evaluated the percent of antibiotic susceptibility among the bacteria isolated. In 2019, a very common infection, such as peritonitis, the organisms isolated from the abdominal fluid were 66.7% susceptible to amikacin and 83% of them susceptible to enrofloxacin. In 2021, however, the organisms isolated from the abdominal fluid were susceptible to amikacin in 42.9% of the cases and 57.1 % susceptible to enrofloxacin. In urine infection 71% of the bacteria were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in 2019, 63.9% in 2020 and 65.7% in 2021. Some pathogens, like Enterobacter, were susceptible to amikacin in 58.8% of the cases in 2019, 50% in 2020 and 25% in 2021. Escherichia coli’s susceptibility to 3rd generation cephalosporins was 65.4% to cefovecin and cefpodoxime, and 21.8% to ceftiofur in 2019, 68.4% and 75.4% to cefovecin and cefpodoxime and 7% ceftiofur in 2020, and 61.6%, 72.6% and 13.7% for the three antimicrobials in 2021. Of note is the low percent of susceptibility among pathogens isolated from many infectious sites, creating the need for veterinarians to make difficult decisions. Conclusion: The increased resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is now present in the veterinary world. The increased contact and interaction between animals and humans have extended the limited choice of antibiotics to treat infections in domestic animals, and therefore antibiotic stewardship programs must be implemented in veterinary practice.
基金Supported by a research grant from Laboratoires Biocodex,Montrouge, France, EU
文摘AIM： To assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and shortchain fatty acids （SCFA） in patients on long-term TEN. METHODS： Ten patients （3 females, 7 males, 59±5.5 years）, on TEN for a median of 13 mo （1-125）, and 15 healthy volunteers （4 females, 11 males, 32±2.0 years） received Sb （0.5 g bid PO） for 6 d. Two stool samples were taken before, on the last 2 d and 9-10 d after treatment, for SCFA measurement and for culture and bacterial identification. Values （mean4-SE） were compared using sign tests and ANOVA. RESULTS： Fecal butyrate levels were lower in patients （10.1±2.9 mmol/kg） than in controls （19.2±3.9, P= 0.02）. Treatment with Sb increased total fecal SCFA levels in patients （150.2＋27.2 vs 107.5±18.2 mmol/kg, P= 0.02） but not in controls （129.0±28.6 vs 113.0±15.2 mmol/kg, NS）. At the end of treatment with Sb, patients had higher fecal butyrate（16.0±4.4 vs 10.1 [2.9] mmol/kg, P= 0.004）. Total SCFAs remained high 9 d after treatment was discontinued. Before the treatment, the anaerobe to aerobe ratio was lower in patients compared to controls （2.4±2.3 vs 69.8±1.8, P= 0.003）. There were no significant changes in the fecal flora of TEN patients. CONCLUSION： Sb-induced increase of fecal SCFA concentrations （especially butyrate） may explain the preventive effects of this yeast on TEN-induced diarrhea.
文摘In view of the demographic changes and projected increase of arthroplasty procedures worldwide,the number of prosthetic joint infection cases will naturally grow.Therefore,in order to counteract this trend more rigid rules and a stricter implementation of effective preventive strategies is of highest importance.In the absence of a"miracle weapon"priorities should lie in evidence-based measures including preoperative optimization of patients at higher infection risks,the fulfilment of strict hygiene rules in the operating theatre and an effective antibiotic prophylaxis regimen.Instead of a"one size fits all"philosophy,it has been proposed to adjust the antibiotic prophylaxis protocol to major infection risks taking into account important patient-and procedure-related risk factors.A stronger focus on the local application mode via use of high dose dual antibioticloaded bone cement in such risk situations may have its advantages and is easy to apply in the theatre.The more potent antimicrobial growth inhibition in vitro and the strong reduction of the prosthetic joint infection rate in risk for infection patients with aid of dual antibiotic-loaded bone cement in clinical studies align with this hypothesis.
文摘We developed and evaluated a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for application in routine diagnostic laboratories to detect Campylobacter spp. in stool samples including C. concisus, C. jejuni, and C. coli. When this m-PCR was applied on spiked faecal samples, C. concisus, C. jejuni, and C. coli were specifically identified at 105 cells/gm of faeces. To compare the sensitivity of the m-PCR with conventional culture techniques, the same spiked stool samples were cultured on an antibiotic free Columbia blood agar using the filtration technique. The detection limit of conventional culture method was 105 cells/gm of stool for C. concisus and 106 cells/gm of stool for C. jejuni and C. coli. The m-PCR was applied to test 127 faecal samples from children with gastroenteritis and the results were compared with the conventional bacterial cultures data. By this m-PCR technique, C. jejuni was detected in 7 samples, C. coli in 2 samples, and C. concisus in 7 samples. However, the conventional culture results for these samples were 6 for C. jejuni, 2 for C. coli and only one sample was positive for C. concisus. In total, 19 samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. by m-PCR while only 9 samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. by culture. In conclusion, m-PCR is more sensitive than the culture technique to detect C. concisus and other fastidious campylobacters in faeces.
文摘Recipients of solid organ transplants(SOT) and stem cell transplants(SCT) constitute a group of patients at risk for tuberculosis(TB) development. The prevalence of active TB in patients undergoing SOT is higher than in patients undergoing SCT, probably due to the shorter period of immunosuppression in the latter. We reviewed the importance of SCT in individuals with hematological malignancies. Most TB cases occur in transplant patients by reactivation of latent infection after immunosuppression, most often within the first year after transplant, leading to graft loss and in some cases, death. Relevant variables to assess the risk of TB infection in a transplant recipient include the donor's and recipient's medical histories, imaging results, microbiology and tuberculin skin test(TST) and interferon-gamma release assays(IGRA). TST is routinely performed in the donor and recipient before transplantation. If TST is > 5 mm in the recipient or > 10 mm in the donor, it is necessary to exclude active TB(pulmonary and renal). Chemopro-phylaxis is recommended in TST(+) recipients and in recipients with recent seroconversion, in donors with a history of untreated TB or in contact with an individual with active TB, if radiological images are suspicious and the IGRA is(+). The drug of choice is isoniazid. These topics are herewith reviewed.
文摘Background and Objective: In developing countries, the steep increase in septicaemia cases is a major health problem that creates the biggest challenge for clinicians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents. This is further complicated by the development of resistance in organisms to antimicrobial agents, which is the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates associated with sepsis among hospitalized patients including the detection of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Extended Spectrum Beta lactamases (ESBLs). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for 5 months at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital. Bacterial species were isolated from 150 blood samples collected from hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates were tested for methicillin resistance and ESBLs. Results: The prevalence of septicaemia was 16% (24/150) among hospitalized patients. In our study, 75% (18/24) of infections were caused by Gram- negative and 25% (6/24) by Gram-positive bacteria. Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates showed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone while the Gram- positive bacteria were highly resistant to minocycline. Fifty percent (3/6) of the isolated S. aureus were methicillin-resistant and 27.8% (5/18) of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae were ESBLs producers. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, temperature above 37.9℃ (AOR = 4.455;95% Cl = 1.458 - 15.693;p = 0.033) and being under respiratory assistance (AOR = 4.311;95% Cl = 1.458 - 12.749;p = 0.008) were significantly associated with septicaemia. Conclusion: The Occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains in this study emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance in hospitals to detect resistant strains. Strict guidelines for antibiotic therapy and the implementation of infection control measures to reduce the increasing burden of antibiotic resistance are advocated.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:"">Background</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">: </span></b><span style="font-family:"">Feco-oral transmitted diseases (FOTD) remain a public health issue, particularly in developing countries. Data concerning the carriage of <i>Salmonella</i> and intestinal parasites in children are available worldwide but are lacking in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the asymptomatic carriage of <i>Salmonella</i> and intestinal parasites in children of two primary schools in<span> Yaoundé. <b>Methods: </b>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conduc</span>ted from October 2017 to May 2018 in two primary schools (from rural and urban areas) in the 7<sup>th</sup> precinct of Yaoundé. Sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical (rectal swab, direct examination of fresh stool and bacteriological culture on Hektoen medium) data were collected. <b>Results: </b>We included<b> </b>368 (192 boys) pupils from both schools (184 in each school) with a mean age of 8.99 ± 2.21 years. None of the children was infected by <i>Salmonella spp</i>. Intestinal parasite prevalence was 9.80% (6.52% of children from the urban school vs 13.04% from the rural ones). The intestinal parasite prevalence tended to be higher in girls than in boys (11.98% vs</span><span style="font-family:"">.</span><span style="font-family:""> 7.39%). Among intestinal parasites, protozoa were the most widely found. <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> were the most prevalent pathogenic intestinal protozoa (11.11% vs</span><span style="font-family:"">.</span><span style="font-family:""> 25<span>% of all positive stool exams). The helminths, less frequent, were</span> represented by <i>Ascaris lumbicoides</i> and <i>Enterobius vermicularis.</i> The factors associated with intestinal parasite carriage were mainly rural school location and age between 11</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">13 years. <b>Conclusion: </b>Among children in primary school, <i>Salmonella</i> infection was absent, while intestinal parasites are frequent, represented mostly by protozoa. This parasitism is in our cohort associated with the rural school location and the 11</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">-</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">13 years age group. This suggests that there is additional room for the implementation of prevention measures for intestinal parasite infections in our setting.
文摘Background: In African countries, where the burden of neonatal sepsis is the highest, the spread of Carbapenemases Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in the community, potentially contributing to neonatal mortality, is a public health concern. The transmission routes are not well defined, particularly the possible key role played by pregnant women. The aim of this study was to understand the neonatal acquisition of CPE in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods: A transversal analytical study was conducted in an urban area. Maternal stool samples during delivery and the first stool from their new-born were collected and cultured to isolate Enterobacteria. After isolation, characterization using API20E identification system, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed according to the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology. Carbapenemases detection was done on each carbapenem-resistant strain using the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and their classification using the synergy tests with different inhibitors. Results: Out of the 55 CPE isolates identified, Escherichia coli was the most encountered bacteria both in mothers (n = 18, 50.00%) and infants (n = 11, 57.89%). Class B and D carbapenemases were found both in mothers and infants. The estimated prevalence of vertical transmission in our study, was 10% (n = 12). Logistic regression showed that CPE carriage in mothers and CPE acquisition in their new-borns were independently associated with the presence of greenish amniotic fluid (OR = 7.33, p 0.0001 in mothers and OR = 4.09, p = 0.0086 in new-borns). Conclusion: Our results highlight the non-negligeable role played by pregnant women in the neonatal acquisition of CPE.
文摘Introduction: This study sought to investigate the prevalence and determine factors for predicting the use of herbal medicine, among Sultan Moulay Slimane University students. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study from March 1st, 2017 to April 13th, 2017. Four hundred seventy-six university students were interviewed using a questionnaire including a socio-demographic scale and herbal self-therapy knowledge and behaviors. The statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft 2016). Results: The frequency of herbal self-therapy among Sultan Moulay Slimane University students has reached 65%. 26.07% of the participants reported that the first reason for using herbal self-therapy was a lack of money. Meanwhile, the most common conditions that prompted them to use these plants on their own were cough and cold (36.48%), and abdominal pain due to heartburn or peptic ulcer (24.41%). The most frequent self-administered plants were Thymus vulgaris (43.7%). Family, seniors, or classmates were a source of information for herbal self-therapy. Conclusion: The region of Beni Mellal, Morocco has important floristic biodiversity of medicinal plants that are used in traditional medicine practice. The present paper represents significant ethnobotanical information on medical plants, which provides baseline data for future pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Therefore, there is a need to establish effective herbal medicine policies and health education programs to discuss the benefits and risks of herbal medicine use with the aim of maximizing patient-desired therapeutic outcomes.
文摘Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a frequent reason for consultation and lead to a significant and sometimes inappropriate prescription of antibiotics. The latter favors antibiotic resistance and an increase in mortality as well as the cost of treatment. The present study aims to contribute to the fight against antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria. Methods: This is a prospective study from January to December, 2021 in the Microbiology laboratory of the General Reference Hospital (GRH) of Niamey including 3369 urine samples. The antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria was determined using the Viteck-2 method. Results: At least 280 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from the patient’s urine. Among these strains, Escherichia coli was the most predominant (74.64%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.07%) and Enterobacter cloacae (7.14%) and other enterobacteria 2.15%. These Enterobacteriaceae are more common in community patients than in hospitalized patients. The average age of patients is 52 years and the age group most affected by these enterobacteria is 46 - 60 years (23.33%). The female sex is the most affected sex with (51.07%) against (48.97%) for the male sex with 1.04 as sex ratio. The hospitalization departments most affected by these enterobacteria are Nephrology (29.23%) and Endocrinology (21.54%). Up to 75% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates show high resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ticarcillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin. Conclusion: The high rate of antibiotic resistance among enterobacteria in urine is of concern. Only a few Enterobacteriaceae show low resistance to ertapenem, imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. Therefore, these antibiotics are recommended as first line treatment for urinary tract infections.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Transrectal prostate biopsy is a major prostate cancer diagnosis procedure that can cause infectious complications. Osteoarticular localization is uncommon. <strong>Aim:</strong> To report a case of spondylodiscitis due to a transrectal prostate biopsy and highlight therapeutical principles. <strong>Case Presentation: </strong>A 60-year-old male underwent transrectal prostate biopsy performed because of high PSA level, and presented 48 hours later with back pain, fever at 40<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C associated with an obnubilation. He was treated for malaria without favorable evolution. Persistance of pain and occurrence of neurologic manifestations motivated dorso-lumbar Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which permitted diagnosis of spondylodiscitis. The treatment was made by triple antibiotic therapy combining Imipenem 500 mg/8h (IV);Ofloxacin 200 mg/12h (IV) and Metronidazole 500 mg/8h (IV) over four weeks. Evolution under treatment was favorable. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Spondylodiscitis is an exceptional complication of transrectal prostate biopsy. It may be evocated in case of bones pain after prostate biopsy.
文摘Aim: The aim of the current study is to determine: (1) the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) isolated from clinical samples and a hospital environment in Hassan II Hospital (Settat, Morocco);(2) the associated risk factors of ESBL-Kp infections;(3) the link between clinical and environmental isolates. Methods: During the study period (April 2010 to March 2011), all patients infected and hospital environment sites contaminated by K. pneumoniae were considered as the potential study population and environmental site. The clinical data were collected to identify risk factors for ESBL carriage of K. pneumoniae infection. Screening of ESBL-and carbapenemase-producing isolates was performed by using a double-disk synergy test and the modified Hodge test, respectively. ESBL-Kp isolates were tested for the presence of genes encoding β-lactamases and were investigated by PCR. The clonal relationship between ESBL-producing isolates was analysed by ERIC- and REP-PCR method. Results: The overall prevalence of ESBL-Kp among clinical and environmental K. pneumoniae isolates was 35.13% (13/37) and 4.04% (4/99), respectively. The main risk factors for carrying ESBL-Kp were renal disease (46.15%), recent surgery (53.84%), previous hospitalisation (76.92%), and the presence of many invasive devices (53.84%). All ESBL isolates were multidrug resistant. The bla<sub>CTX-M </sub>group1and bla<sub>SHV</sub> (70.58% for each) were the most prevalent followed by bla<sub>TEM</sub> (52.94%). Thirteen strains expressed at least two bla genes. One isolate was positive in the modified Hodge test and was a bla<sub>OXA-48</sub> producer. ERIC and Rep-PCR methods revealed an epidemic clonal dissemination of these isolates. Conclusion: The emergence of OXA-48 carbapenemase, endemic clonal dissemination and multi-drug resistance of ESBL-Kp isolates in our institution is highly alarming.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81571948） and Beijing Natural Science Foundation （No. 7172075）.
文摘Staphylococcus aureus is associated with a variety of invasive infection; typically, these infections occur as sepsis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and arthritis. China has a relatively high incidence of invasive S. aureus disease in children.[1] The present study aimed to provide the demographics, clones, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus that cause invasive infection in Chinese children.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571948)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7172075).
文摘Importance:Regional clonal replacements of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)are common.It is necessary to understand the clonal and drug resistance changes in specific areas.Objective:To evaluate the clonal and drug resistance dynamics of MRSA in Chinese children from 2010 to 2017.Methods:MRSA was isolated from patients in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2010 to 2013 and from 2016 to 2017.The molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance were determined,Results:In total,211 MRSA isolates were collected,and 104 isolates were classified as community-associated MRSA(CA-MRSA).ST59-SCCmecⅣwas the most prevalent type in both CA-MRSA(65.4%)and healthcare-associated-MRSA(HA-MRSA)(46.7%).ST239-SCCmecⅢaccounted for 21.5%of all HA-MRSA,which were not detected in 2016,and only three isolates were detected in 2017.The pvl gene carrying rate of CA-MRSA was significantly higher than that of HA-MRSA(42.3%vs.29.0%,P=0.0456).Among CA-MRSA,resistance rate to all tested antibiotics excluding chloramphenicol remained stable over the periods of 2010-2013 and 2016-2017.HA-MRSA displayed an overall trend of decreased resistance to oxacillin,gentamicin,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,and rifampin,and increased resistance to chloramphenicol,consistent with the difference of antibiotic resistance patterns between ST59-SCCmecⅣand ST239-SCCmecⅢisolates.Vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)creep was found in the study period in all MRSA and ST59-SCCmecⅣisolates.Interpretation:ST59-SCCmecⅣhas spread to hospitals and replaced the traditional ST239-SCCmecⅢclone,accompanied by changes in drug resistance.Furthermore,vancomycin MIC creep indicated that the rational use of antibiotics should be seriously considered.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81571948)and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7172075).
文摘To the Editor:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)are a group of gram-positive bacteria that cause a wide range of diseases in children.[1]Surveillance of MRSA is particularly important since certain clones have spread over wide geographical regions.The MRSA clones that have spread in North China over the past decade include ST59-SCCmecIVa-t437,ST59-SCCmecV-t437,and ST239-SCCmecIII-t030.
基金This study was funded by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7172075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81571948).
文摘Background This study was aimed to investigate the clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)isolated from Chinese children and determine the possible relationship among the accessory gene regulator(agr)groups and genotypes,as well as among the virulence genes and disease types.Methods S.aureus strains were isolated from Beijing Children's Hospital between October 2017 and October 2019.The isolates and 19 virulence genes were characterized using multi-locus sequence typing,staphylococcal protein A(spa),staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec,and agr typing.Results A total of 191 non-repetitive S.aureus clinical isolates were divided into 33 sequence types(STs),18 clonal com-plexes(CCs),and 59 spa types.ST59(39.8%),t437(37.7%),and agrⅠ(84.8%)were the predominant types.CC59,CC25,CC22,CC951,CC8,and CC398 belonged to agrⅠ.CC5 and CC15 were assigned to agrⅡ,and CC30 was characterized as agrⅢ.CC121 was classified under agrⅣ.The eta,etb,and bbp genes were more prevalent in agrⅣ(P<0.001 for each),while tst was more prevalent in agr groupⅢcompared to the other groups(P<0.001).Nearly all isolates that harbored lukS/F-PV belonged to agrⅠ(P=0.005).However,the correlation between disease types and agr groups was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusions An association among the agr groups and genotypes,as well as specific toxin genes,was observed among the S.aureus strains isolated from Chinese children.However,a statistical correlation was not found among the agr groups and disease types.
