Aims: Although the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) is an effective contraceptive device, cases of pregnancy under the Cu-IUD have been reported. We here report 10 women who got pregnant under this condition, with ...Aims: Although the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) is an effective contraceptive device, cases of pregnancy under the Cu-IUD have been reported. We here report 10 women who got pregnant under this condition, with special reference to etiologies and pregnancy outcomes. Methodology: We analyzed all women who got pregnant under Cu-IUD at ATBEF Main Clinic from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020. Results: We retrieved 10 patients. The durations of Cu-IUD use were 3 months to 6 years. The etiologies were poor insertion;migration and spontaneous expulsion. The occurrence of pregnancy was poorly accepted by the women: 20% of women considered it was due to the providers’ incompetence. Of the 10 pregnancies, 5 women had given vaginal birth spontaneously;2 induced abortions, 2 spontaneous abortions and 1 ectopic pregnancy. The contraceptive method adopted after pregnancy was jadelle implants in 8 cases and spousal vasectomy in 2 cases. Conclusion: The prevention of IUD pregnancies may require adequate insertion time, insertion technique and follow-up.展开更多
<strong>Background</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> The use of modern contraceptive methods contrib...<strong>Background</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> The use of modern contraceptive methods contributes to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. The initiation of a contraceptive method in the immediate postpartum period is one of the strategies to avoid missing out on contraceptive opportunities. This strategy will reduce the unmet need for contraception which is still high in the country. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: To describe the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women and the practices of women who have given birth about immediate postpartum contraception. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conducted at the main clinic of ATBEF from 20th March to 20th October 2020</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Our study included pregnant women whose gestational age was greater than or equal to 37 weeks of amenorrhea who came for prenatal consultation or for any other consultation and then gave birth in the center. Data collection was based on a survey form. Data analysis and entry was done with the Epi </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">info 2000 version 6.04 software. The parameters studied were: socio-demographic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> characteristics, knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about contraception in the immediate postpartum period, and contraceptive practices of the women who gave birth. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: During the study period, 201 women were selected for the survey. The average age of the respondents was 26.2 years. They were nulliparous in 41.3% of cases. Our respondents had knowledge of modern contraceptive methods in 82.10% of cases. About 59.2% of the respondents had an unfavourable attitude towards the adoption of contraceptive methods in the immediate postpartum period. The main reason was adverse effects in 33.6%. Of the 82 women who had a favourable attitude, 29 women had adopted a contraceptive method after delivery, which corresponds to a rate of use of 14.4% of the respondents. The main reason for non-adoption of a contraceptive method after childbirth for those who had a favourable attitude was the opposition of the husband in 34%. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Couple counselling during prenatal and postnatal care and intensified awareness raising on planning and ideal spacing of pregnancies for health will increase the number of contraceptive users in the immediate postpartum period.</span></span>展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Medical termination of pregnancy is a therapy that considerably reduces th...<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Medical termination of pregnancy is a therapy that considerably reduces the number of obstetrical complications that can lead to maternal death and the number of births of children with diseases or malformations that are incompatible with life. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To study the practice of medical termination of pregnancy at the Principal Clinic of the Togolese Association of Family Well-Being Planning Center (ATBEF). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted at </span><a name="_Hlk92000043"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the Principal Clinic of the Togolese Association of Family Well-Being Planning Center (ATBEF) covering the period from May 1st, 2012 to April 30th, 2021, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a period of 9 years. All patients who underwent a </span><a name="_Hlk91999250"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">medical termination of pregnancy during the study period and whose term of pregnancy was <28 weeks of amenorrhea were included in this study. Information was collected on a survey sheet from the patients’ clinical records, admission and hospitalisation registers, referral forms and operative report registers. Data were entered and analyzed using Excel, World and epi-info 7.2.2. The main variables studied were hospital frequency, diagnostic means, main indications, means of evacuation and maternal prognosis. Result: 25 patients were identified and represented 0.5% of deliveries. </span><a name="_Hlk92000366"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fetal, maternal and obstetric causes were the main indications for medical termination of pregnancy in respectively 28%, 20% and 52%. Obstetrical ultrasound was performed in 100% of patients. These ultrasounds allowed us to determine fetal vitality and to find some fetal malformations (28%) and some anomalies in the fetal appendages (48%). Clinical examination alone was used to diagnose 24% of indications. In 68% of cases, the clinical examination and ultrasound were used to establish the indication. The most commonly used evacuation technique was medication in 88% of cases. Caesarean section was chosen for urgent cases in 12%. Uterine haemorrhage and post-abortion endometritis were the main complications.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Medical termination of pregnancy is a delicate subject requiring multidisciplinary management. This series has allowed us to highlight our singularities, and will allow us to improve the management of our patients, in the prevention of haemorrhage and other complications.</span></span>展开更多
Some clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested that Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and cataract, may share common pathogenetic mechanisms, subsequently a positive association between the prevalence of AD and cata...Some clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested that Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and cataract, may share common pathogenetic mechanisms, subsequently a positive association between the prevalence of AD and cataract, although other studies found no significant relationship between dementia and visual impairment including cataract in the elderly. Little is known about the association between Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and the combination of AD and cataract. To examine the association between ADL and the combination of AD and cataract, we performed a national survey in nursing care institutions in Japan, examining the decreased ADL in elderly with and without AD and cataract for 453 elderly aged 85.0 ± 8.13 years. The proportion, 43.5% of AD in subjects without cataract was significantly higher than that, 23.5% with cataract. Almost all ADL in AD with cataract was significantly lower than that without cataract, although all ADL in cataract patients receiving surgery in AD was significantly (all p < 0.002) higher than that in cataract patients without surgery in AD, as was confirmed by the multiple regression analysis incorporating into the relevant factors as independent variables. These results showed that ADL scores including cognitive functions decreased by cataract were increased by the surgery in the patients with AD. A significantly negative association between AD and cataract seen in our data, which was inconsistent with the previous result, might lead to the necessities of the clinical diagnosis for slight severity of cataract for patients with AD.展开更多
Marbling defined by the amount and distribution of intramuscular fat is regarded as an economically important trait of beef cattle in Japan. The pancreatic lipase gene (PNLIP) is located within the genomic region of a...Marbling defined by the amount and distribution of intramuscular fat is regarded as an economically important trait of beef cattle in Japan. The pancreatic lipase gene (PNLIP) is located within the genomic region of a bovine marbling quantitative trait locus. The rat homologue of PNLIP has been previously shown to be regarded as a possible candidate for the gene responsible for intramuscular fat content. These findings suggested that PNLIP was a positional and functional candidate for the marbling gene. In this study, we detected a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), g.37288470A > G, at 1917 bp upstream of the PNLIP transcription initiation site between Holstein steers and somatic nuclear-derived cloned steers from a Japanese Black sire with a very high estimated breeding value for marbling by sequencing analysis. Further, we found statistically significant difference in the allelic distribution of the SNP between 17 Japanese Black unrelated sires with extremely high predicted breeding values for marbling and 17 sires with extremely low ones (P = 0.0332). Our findings suggest that g.37288470A > G SNP in the promoter region of PNLIP might be associated with marbling by altering its gene expression, and be useful for effective marker-assisted selection to increase the levels of marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle.展开更多
Growth performance as well as marbling is the main breeding objectives in Japanese Black cattle, the major beef breed in Japan. A previous study has identified the c.1326T>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ...Growth performance as well as marbling is the main breeding objectives in Japanese Black cattle, the major beef breed in Japan. A previous study has identified the c.1326T>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NCAPG (non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit G) gene that leads to the amino acid change p.Ile442Met in the NCAPG protein, which is a candidate causative variation for a bovine carcass weight (CWT) quantitative trait locus (QTL). In this study, we first confirmed the association of the c.1326T>G SNP with the growth-related traits, CWT, rib eye area (REA) and rib thickness (RT), and showed significant effect of the SNP genotypes on the marbling trait, beef marbling score (BMS), in the Japanese Black beef cattle population of the Niigata prefecture, with the G allele being associated with a favorable phenotype of these traits. Thus, we concluded that the c.1326T>G SNP is useful for effective marker-assisted selection to increase meat quality and meat productivity in Japanese Black beef cattle of the Niigata prefecture. Furthermore the frequency of the favorable G allele of the c.1326T>G SNP in the Niigata prefecture population was significantly lower than the frequency of this allele in Japanese Black cattle population of the Kagoshima prefecture. However, no statistically significant difference was detected between the allele frequencies estimated by maternal alleles in the half-sib progeny steers in the Niigata prefecture population and obtained in Japanese Black cattle population of the Kagoshima prefecture.展开更多
文摘Aims: Although the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) is an effective contraceptive device, cases of pregnancy under the Cu-IUD have been reported. We here report 10 women who got pregnant under this condition, with special reference to etiologies and pregnancy outcomes. Methodology: We analyzed all women who got pregnant under Cu-IUD at ATBEF Main Clinic from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2020. Results: We retrieved 10 patients. The durations of Cu-IUD use were 3 months to 6 years. The etiologies were poor insertion;migration and spontaneous expulsion. The occurrence of pregnancy was poorly accepted by the women: 20% of women considered it was due to the providers’ incompetence. Of the 10 pregnancies, 5 women had given vaginal birth spontaneously;2 induced abortions, 2 spontaneous abortions and 1 ectopic pregnancy. The contraceptive method adopted after pregnancy was jadelle implants in 8 cases and spousal vasectomy in 2 cases. Conclusion: The prevention of IUD pregnancies may require adequate insertion time, insertion technique and follow-up.
文摘<strong>Background</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>:</strong> The use of modern contraceptive methods contributes to the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. The initiation of a contraceptive method in the immediate postpartum period is one of the strategies to avoid missing out on contraceptive opportunities. This strategy will reduce the unmet need for contraception which is still high in the country. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: To describe the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women and the practices of women who have given birth about immediate postpartum contraception. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conducted at the main clinic of ATBEF from 20th March to 20th October 2020</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Our study included pregnant women whose gestational age was greater than or equal to 37 weeks of amenorrhea who came for prenatal consultation or for any other consultation and then gave birth in the center. Data collection was based on a survey form. Data analysis and entry was done with the Epi </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">info 2000 version 6.04 software. The parameters studied were: socio-demographic</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> characteristics, knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about contraception in the immediate postpartum period, and contraceptive practices of the women who gave birth. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: During the study period, 201 women were selected for the survey. The average age of the respondents was 26.2 years. They were nulliparous in 41.3% of cases. Our respondents had knowledge of modern contraceptive methods in 82.10% of cases. About 59.2% of the respondents had an unfavourable attitude towards the adoption of contraceptive methods in the immediate postpartum period. The main reason was adverse effects in 33.6%. Of the 82 women who had a favourable attitude, 29 women had adopted a contraceptive method after delivery, which corresponds to a rate of use of 14.4% of the respondents. The main reason for non-adoption of a contraceptive method after childbirth for those who had a favourable attitude was the opposition of the husband in 34%. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Couple counselling during prenatal and postnatal care and intensified awareness raising on planning and ideal spacing of pregnancies for health will increase the number of contraceptive users in the immediate postpartum period.</span></span>
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Medical termination of pregnancy is a therapy that considerably reduces the number of obstetrical complications that can lead to maternal death and the number of births of children with diseases or malformations that are incompatible with life. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> To study the practice of medical termination of pregnancy at the Principal Clinic of the Togolese Association of Family Well-Being Planning Center (ATBEF). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted at </span><a name="_Hlk92000043"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the Principal Clinic of the Togolese Association of Family Well-Being Planning Center (ATBEF) covering the period from May 1st, 2012 to April 30th, 2021, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a period of 9 years. All patients who underwent a </span><a name="_Hlk91999250"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">medical termination of pregnancy during the study period and whose term of pregnancy was <28 weeks of amenorrhea were included in this study. Information was collected on a survey sheet from the patients’ clinical records, admission and hospitalisation registers, referral forms and operative report registers. Data were entered and analyzed using Excel, World and epi-info 7.2.2. The main variables studied were hospital frequency, diagnostic means, main indications, means of evacuation and maternal prognosis. Result: 25 patients were identified and represented 0.5% of deliveries. </span><a name="_Hlk92000366"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fetal, maternal and obstetric causes were the main indications for medical termination of pregnancy in respectively 28%, 20% and 52%. Obstetrical ultrasound was performed in 100% of patients. These ultrasounds allowed us to determine fetal vitality and to find some fetal malformations (28%) and some anomalies in the fetal appendages (48%). Clinical examination alone was used to diagnose 24% of indications. In 68% of cases, the clinical examination and ultrasound were used to establish the indication. The most commonly used evacuation technique was medication in 88% of cases. Caesarean section was chosen for urgent cases in 12%. Uterine haemorrhage and post-abortion endometritis were the main complications.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Medical termination of pregnancy is a delicate subject requiring multidisciplinary management. This series has allowed us to highlight our singularities, and will allow us to improve the management of our patients, in the prevention of haemorrhage and other complications.</span></span>
文摘Some clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested that Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and cataract, may share common pathogenetic mechanisms, subsequently a positive association between the prevalence of AD and cataract, although other studies found no significant relationship between dementia and visual impairment including cataract in the elderly. Little is known about the association between Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and the combination of AD and cataract. To examine the association between ADL and the combination of AD and cataract, we performed a national survey in nursing care institutions in Japan, examining the decreased ADL in elderly with and without AD and cataract for 453 elderly aged 85.0 ± 8.13 years. The proportion, 43.5% of AD in subjects without cataract was significantly higher than that, 23.5% with cataract. Almost all ADL in AD with cataract was significantly lower than that without cataract, although all ADL in cataract patients receiving surgery in AD was significantly (all p < 0.002) higher than that in cataract patients without surgery in AD, as was confirmed by the multiple regression analysis incorporating into the relevant factors as independent variables. These results showed that ADL scores including cognitive functions decreased by cataract were increased by the surgery in the patients with AD. A significantly negative association between AD and cataract seen in our data, which was inconsistent with the previous result, might lead to the necessities of the clinical diagnosis for slight severity of cataract for patients with AD.
文摘Marbling defined by the amount and distribution of intramuscular fat is regarded as an economically important trait of beef cattle in Japan. The pancreatic lipase gene (PNLIP) is located within the genomic region of a bovine marbling quantitative trait locus. The rat homologue of PNLIP has been previously shown to be regarded as a possible candidate for the gene responsible for intramuscular fat content. These findings suggested that PNLIP was a positional and functional candidate for the marbling gene. In this study, we detected a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), g.37288470A > G, at 1917 bp upstream of the PNLIP transcription initiation site between Holstein steers and somatic nuclear-derived cloned steers from a Japanese Black sire with a very high estimated breeding value for marbling by sequencing analysis. Further, we found statistically significant difference in the allelic distribution of the SNP between 17 Japanese Black unrelated sires with extremely high predicted breeding values for marbling and 17 sires with extremely low ones (P = 0.0332). Our findings suggest that g.37288470A > G SNP in the promoter region of PNLIP might be associated with marbling by altering its gene expression, and be useful for effective marker-assisted selection to increase the levels of marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle.
文摘Growth performance as well as marbling is the main breeding objectives in Japanese Black cattle, the major beef breed in Japan. A previous study has identified the c.1326T>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NCAPG (non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit G) gene that leads to the amino acid change p.Ile442Met in the NCAPG protein, which is a candidate causative variation for a bovine carcass weight (CWT) quantitative trait locus (QTL). In this study, we first confirmed the association of the c.1326T>G SNP with the growth-related traits, CWT, rib eye area (REA) and rib thickness (RT), and showed significant effect of the SNP genotypes on the marbling trait, beef marbling score (BMS), in the Japanese Black beef cattle population of the Niigata prefecture, with the G allele being associated with a favorable phenotype of these traits. Thus, we concluded that the c.1326T>G SNP is useful for effective marker-assisted selection to increase meat quality and meat productivity in Japanese Black beef cattle of the Niigata prefecture. Furthermore the frequency of the favorable G allele of the c.1326T>G SNP in the Niigata prefecture population was significantly lower than the frequency of this allele in Japanese Black cattle population of the Kagoshima prefecture. However, no statistically significant difference was detected between the allele frequencies estimated by maternal alleles in the half-sib progeny steers in the Niigata prefecture population and obtained in Japanese Black cattle population of the Kagoshima prefecture.
