This paper presents a replacement strategy for an aged transformer based on condition monitoring and system risk.The condition monitoring measurements are used to estimate the insulation age of the transformer.The una...This paper presents a replacement strategy for an aged transformer based on condition monitoring and system risk.The condition monitoring measurements are used to estimate the insulation age of the transformer.The unavailability because of transformer aging failure is calculated using the insulation age instead of the traditional natural age.The system risk is assessed using the total unavailability from both aging and repairable failures.The expected damage cost and benefit due to delaying the replacement of the transformer are evaluated.The best replacement timing is determined as the year when the replacement of the transformer reaches the maximum net benefit.A case study for two aged transformers in a utility system demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
加拿大大坝协会(Canadian Dam Association,CDA)于2007年出版的《大坝安全导则》为业主和咨询机构就有效开展大坝安全复核(Dam Safety Reviews,DSR)提供了有限的指导。加拿大各地的做法各不相同,所以加拿大大坝协会成立了一个工作组来...加拿大大坝协会(Canadian Dam Association,CDA)于2007年出版的《大坝安全导则》为业主和咨询机构就有效开展大坝安全复核(Dam Safety Reviews,DSR)提供了有限的指导。加拿大各地的做法各不相同,所以加拿大大坝协会成立了一个工作组来编写《大坝安全导则》的补充材料,预计将出版《大坝安全复核技术公报》且为加拿大大坝协会会员编写继续教育的教材。笔者介绍了该工作小组的理念,供后续讨论和关注,同时,笔者概述了加拿大国内与大坝安全复核相关的当前实践情况。除了《大坝安全导则》,文章还吸收利用了大量其他资源,包括:通过2011年和2012年年会的会议接触到的许多加拿大大坝协会个人会员的意见、加拿大大坝协会大坝安全复核工作小组的专家意见、加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚专业工程师和地质学家协会(Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia,APEGBC)工作小组的投入,他们正在为法定的大坝安全复核制定专业的实践导则。展开更多
Communication is a major barrier in using the results of environmental geoscience to inform public debate and policy.The results of an international survey of environmental geoscientists on communication issues are di...Communication is a major barrier in using the results of environmental geoscience to inform public debate and policy.The results of an international survey of environmental geoscientists on communication issues are discussed.The results suggest that environmental geoscientists recognize that communicating with media and public is important.They believe that their research is not too complex or difficult for the public to understand,and they generally feel well equipped to engage the public.Few of them,however,are trained in this area,and most are interested in taking courses to improve their skills.Their research is important in developing policy but often they find it challenging to communicate with policy makers and politicians.Thus their research is not always used effectively in developing policy.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a replacement strategy for an aged transformer based on condition monitoring and system risk.The condition monitoring measurements are used to estimate the insulation age of the transformer.The unavailability because of transformer aging failure is calculated using the insulation age instead of the traditional natural age.The system risk is assessed using the total unavailability from both aging and repairable failures.The expected damage cost and benefit due to delaying the replacement of the transformer are evaluated.The best replacement timing is determined as the year when the replacement of the transformer reaches the maximum net benefit.A case study for two aged transformers in a utility system demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘加拿大大坝协会(Canadian Dam Association,CDA)于2007年出版的《大坝安全导则》为业主和咨询机构就有效开展大坝安全复核(Dam Safety Reviews,DSR)提供了有限的指导。加拿大各地的做法各不相同,所以加拿大大坝协会成立了一个工作组来编写《大坝安全导则》的补充材料,预计将出版《大坝安全复核技术公报》且为加拿大大坝协会会员编写继续教育的教材。笔者介绍了该工作小组的理念,供后续讨论和关注,同时,笔者概述了加拿大国内与大坝安全复核相关的当前实践情况。除了《大坝安全导则》,文章还吸收利用了大量其他资源,包括:通过2011年和2012年年会的会议接触到的许多加拿大大坝协会个人会员的意见、加拿大大坝协会大坝安全复核工作小组的专家意见、加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚专业工程师和地质学家协会(Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of British Columbia,APEGBC)工作小组的投入,他们正在为法定的大坝安全复核制定专业的实践导则。
文摘Communication is a major barrier in using the results of environmental geoscience to inform public debate and policy.The results of an international survey of environmental geoscientists on communication issues are discussed.The results suggest that environmental geoscientists recognize that communicating with media and public is important.They believe that their research is not too complex or difficult for the public to understand,and they generally feel well equipped to engage the public.Few of them,however,are trained in this area,and most are interested in taking courses to improve their skills.Their research is important in developing policy but often they find it challenging to communicate with policy makers and politicians.Thus their research is not always used effectively in developing policy.
