Background Monoglycerides have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional practices due to their biolog-ical activities,including antimicrobial properties.However,few studies have assessed the efficacy of mono...Background Monoglycerides have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional practices due to their biolog-ical activities,including antimicrobial properties.However,few studies have assessed the efficacy of monoglyceride blend on weaned pigs and their impacts on performance,immune response,and gut health using a disease chal-lenge model.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary monoglycerides of short-and medium-chain fatty acids on the immunity and gut health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18.Results Pigs supplemented with high-dose zinc oxide(ZNO)had greater(P<0.05)growth performance than other treatments,but no difference was observed in average daily feed intake between ZNO and monoglycerides groups during the post-challenge period.Pigs in ZNO and antibiotic groups had lower(P<0.05)severity of diarrhea than control,but the severity of diarrhea was not different between antibiotic and monoglycerides groups.Pigs fed with monoglycerides or ZNO had lower(P<0.05)serum haptoglobin on d 2 or 5 post-inoculation than control.Pigs in ZNO had greater(P<0.05)goblet cell numbers per villus,villus area and height,and villus height:crypt depth ratio(VH:CD)in duodenum on d 5 post-inoculation than pigs in other treatments.Pigs supplemented with monoglyc-erides,ZNO,or antibiotics had reduced(P<0.05)ileal crypt depth compared with control on d 5 post-inoculation,contributing to the increase(P=0.06)in VH:CD.Consistently,pigs in ZNO expressed the lowest(P<0.05)TNFa,IL6,IL10,IL12,IL1A,IL1B,and PTGS2 in ileal mucosa on d 5 post-inoculation,and no difference was observed in the expres-sion of those genes between ZNO and monoglycerides.Supplementation of ZNO and antibiotic had significant impacts on metabolic pathways in the serum compared with control,particularly on carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,while limited impacts on serum metabolites were observed in monoglycerides group when compared with control.Conclusions The results suggest that supplementation of monoglyceride blend may enhance disease resist-ance of weaned pigs by alleviating the severity of diarrhea and mitigating intestinal and systemic inflammation,although the effectiveness may not be comparable to high-dose zinc oxide.展开更多
RF3 <i>Brassica napus</i> L. (InVigor<sup>TM</sup> Canola) has been in commercial cultivation <span>since 1997. RF3 <i>B. napus</i> was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</...RF3 <i>Brassica napus</i> L. (InVigor<sup>TM</sup> Canola) has been in commercial cultivation <span>since 1997. RF3 <i>B. napus</i> was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated tran</span>sformation to provide glufosniate ammonium herbicide tolerance to the crop. Canola quality (CQ) varieties of <i>Brassica juncea</i> L. (Czern & Coss), a close relative of <i>B. napus</i>, have been available in Canada for more than 20 years. Currently, BASF Agricultural Solutions is developing CQ RF3 <i>B. juncea</i> via conventional breeding with RF3<i> B. napus </i>to provide similar herbicide tolerance in the <i>B.</i> <i>juncea</i> species. The insertion event RF3<i> </i>contains the <i>bar</i> gene <span>(origin <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>) coding for phosphinothricin acetyl trans</span>ferase (PAT/<i>bar</i>) protein which confers tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium<span> </span>herbicides. RF3 also contains the <i>barstar</i> gene (origin <i>Bacillus amyloliquefa<span>ciens</span></i><span>), coding for the Barstar protein, which is an inhibitor of the Barna</span>se protein. In the absence of Barnase, there is no impact of Barstar. Many safety <span>studies have been conducted during the development of the canola quality lines of RF3 </span><i><span>B. napus</span></i><span> and RF3 </span><i><span>B. juncea</span></i><span>. This report seeks to compare th</span>e <span>two species based on the scientific data generated during the safety asses</span>sments of RF3 <i>B. napus</i> and RF3 <i>B. juncea</i> and discusses the utility of using studies with one species to support the safety of the other species both containing the same insertion event.展开更多
Multimetallic nanowires with long-range atomic ordering hold the promise of unique physicochemical properties in many applications.Here we demonstrate the synthesis and study the stability of CU3AU intermetallic nanow...Multimetallic nanowires with long-range atomic ordering hold the promise of unique physicochemical properties in many applications.Here we demonstrate the synthesis and study the stability of CU3AU intermetallic nanowires.The synthesis is achieved by using Cu@Au core-shell nanowires as precursors.With appropriate Cu/Au stoichiometry,the Cu@Au core-shell nanowires are transformed into fully ordered Cu3Au nanowires under thermal annealing.Thermally-driven atom diffusion accounts for this transformation as revealed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies.The twin boundaries abundant in the Cu@Au core-shell nanowires facilitate the ordering process.The resulting CU3AU intermetallic nanowires have uniform and accurate atomic positioning in the crystal lattice,which enhances the nobility of Cu.No obvious copper oxides are observed in fully ordered Cu3Au nanowires after annealing in air at 200℃,a temperature that is much higher than those observed in Cu@Au core-shell and pure Cu nanowires.This work opens up an opportunity for further research into the development and applications of intermetallic nanowires.展开更多
A three-stage molding process involving microcellular injection molding with core retraction and an ＂out-of-mold＂ expansion was developed to manufacture thermoplastic polyurethane into lightweight foams of varying l...A three-stage molding process involving microcellular injection molding with core retraction and an ＂out-of-mold＂ expansion was developed to manufacture thermoplastic polyurethane into lightweight foams of varying local densities, microstructures, and mechanical properties in the same microcellular injection molded part. Two stages of cavity expansion through sequential core retractions and a third expansion in a separate mold at an elevated temperature were carried out. The densities varied from 0.25 to 0.42 g/cm3 （77% to 62% weight reduction）. The mechanical properties varied as well Cyclic com- pressive strengths and hysteresis loss ratios, together with the microstructures, were characterized and reported.展开更多
文摘Background Monoglycerides have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional practices due to their biolog-ical activities,including antimicrobial properties.However,few studies have assessed the efficacy of monoglyceride blend on weaned pigs and their impacts on performance,immune response,and gut health using a disease chal-lenge model.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary monoglycerides of short-and medium-chain fatty acids on the immunity and gut health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18.Results Pigs supplemented with high-dose zinc oxide(ZNO)had greater(P<0.05)growth performance than other treatments,but no difference was observed in average daily feed intake between ZNO and monoglycerides groups during the post-challenge period.Pigs in ZNO and antibiotic groups had lower(P<0.05)severity of diarrhea than control,but the severity of diarrhea was not different between antibiotic and monoglycerides groups.Pigs fed with monoglycerides or ZNO had lower(P<0.05)serum haptoglobin on d 2 or 5 post-inoculation than control.Pigs in ZNO had greater(P<0.05)goblet cell numbers per villus,villus area and height,and villus height:crypt depth ratio(VH:CD)in duodenum on d 5 post-inoculation than pigs in other treatments.Pigs supplemented with monoglyc-erides,ZNO,or antibiotics had reduced(P<0.05)ileal crypt depth compared with control on d 5 post-inoculation,contributing to the increase(P=0.06)in VH:CD.Consistently,pigs in ZNO expressed the lowest(P<0.05)TNFa,IL6,IL10,IL12,IL1A,IL1B,and PTGS2 in ileal mucosa on d 5 post-inoculation,and no difference was observed in the expres-sion of those genes between ZNO and monoglycerides.Supplementation of ZNO and antibiotic had significant impacts on metabolic pathways in the serum compared with control,particularly on carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,while limited impacts on serum metabolites were observed in monoglycerides group when compared with control.Conclusions The results suggest that supplementation of monoglyceride blend may enhance disease resist-ance of weaned pigs by alleviating the severity of diarrhea and mitigating intestinal and systemic inflammation,although the effectiveness may not be comparable to high-dose zinc oxide.
文摘RF3 <i>Brassica napus</i> L. (InVigor<sup>TM</sup> Canola) has been in commercial cultivation <span>since 1997. RF3 <i>B. napus</i> was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated tran</span>sformation to provide glufosniate ammonium herbicide tolerance to the crop. Canola quality (CQ) varieties of <i>Brassica juncea</i> L. (Czern & Coss), a close relative of <i>B. napus</i>, have been available in Canada for more than 20 years. Currently, BASF Agricultural Solutions is developing CQ RF3 <i>B. juncea</i> via conventional breeding with RF3<i> B. napus </i>to provide similar herbicide tolerance in the <i>B.</i> <i>juncea</i> species. The insertion event RF3<i> </i>contains the <i>bar</i> gene <span>(origin <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>) coding for phosphinothricin acetyl trans</span>ferase (PAT/<i>bar</i>) protein which confers tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium<span> </span>herbicides. RF3 also contains the <i>barstar</i> gene (origin <i>Bacillus amyloliquefa<span>ciens</span></i><span>), coding for the Barstar protein, which is an inhibitor of the Barna</span>se protein. In the absence of Barnase, there is no impact of Barstar. Many safety <span>studies have been conducted during the development of the canola quality lines of RF3 </span><i><span>B. napus</span></i><span> and RF3 </span><i><span>B. juncea</span></i><span>. This report seeks to compare th</span>e <span>two species based on the scientific data generated during the safety asses</span>sments of RF3 <i>B. napus</i> and RF3 <i>B. juncea</i> and discusses the utility of using studies with one species to support the safety of the other species both containing the same insertion event.
基金This work was financially supported by BASF Corporation(Award Number 53093)Work at the National Center for Electron Microscopy(NCEM)+3 种基金the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Director,Office of Scence,Ofice of Baslc Energy Sciences,of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231Aberration-corrected STEM was supported by the Center for high-resolution Electron Microscopy(ChEM)at ShanghaiTech UniversityT L acknowledges ellowship from Suzhou Industrial ParkWe acknowledge P.Alivisatos for access to the Bruker D-8 Diffractometer for XRD analysis.
文摘Multimetallic nanowires with long-range atomic ordering hold the promise of unique physicochemical properties in many applications.Here we demonstrate the synthesis and study the stability of CU3AU intermetallic nanowires.The synthesis is achieved by using Cu@Au core-shell nanowires as precursors.With appropriate Cu/Au stoichiometry,the Cu@Au core-shell nanowires are transformed into fully ordered Cu3Au nanowires under thermal annealing.Thermally-driven atom diffusion accounts for this transformation as revealed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies.The twin boundaries abundant in the Cu@Au core-shell nanowires facilitate the ordering process.The resulting CU3AU intermetallic nanowires have uniform and accurate atomic positioning in the crystal lattice,which enhances the nobility of Cu.No obvious copper oxides are observed in fully ordered Cu3Au nanowires after annealing in air at 200℃,a temperature that is much higher than those observed in Cu@Au core-shell and pure Cu nanowires.This work opens up an opportunity for further research into the development and applications of intermetallic nanowires.
文摘A three-stage molding process involving microcellular injection molding with core retraction and an ＂out-of-mold＂ expansion was developed to manufacture thermoplastic polyurethane into lightweight foams of varying local densities, microstructures, and mechanical properties in the same microcellular injection molded part. Two stages of cavity expansion through sequential core retractions and a third expansion in a separate mold at an elevated temperature were carried out. The densities varied from 0.25 to 0.42 g/cm3 （77% to 62% weight reduction）. The mechanical properties varied as well Cyclic com- pressive strengths and hysteresis loss ratios, together with the microstructures, were characterized and reported.
